| 1. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Optimering av livskedjan.
- 1983
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In: Livsmedelsteknik. ; 25:4, s. 181-182
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Drake, Birger, et al.
(author)
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Food crushing sounds : An analytic approach
- 1974
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In: Rheologica Acta. - 0035-4511 .- 1435-1528. ; 13:3, s. 608-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As a complement to the study of human mastication sounds, crushing sounds produced with a mechanical device were tape recorded and played back in such a way as to obtain acoustical line spectra for short intervals around the points of time when the sounds were loudest. The spectra were then evaluated to give measures calculated from amplitudes belonging to sets of such frequencies. These measures aimed at, e.g., estimating the width of the frequency band occupied by the major part of the sound, the two theoretically possible extremes being a pure tone and a "white noise". In a way, this analytical method results in discrete Fourier transforms. In studies with various brands of crisp bread it was found that the crushing sound differed in a reproducible way among the brands. The sounds, however, do not measure the same properties as ordinary rheological analyses. They can therefore be considered as a potential complement to flexure and compression data. © 1974 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag.
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| 13. |
- Drake, Birger, et al.
(author)
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New pathways in psychorheology
- 1974
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In: Dechema Monographien. ; 77:1505-1536, s. 403-426
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Drake, Birger
(author)
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Psychorheology
- 1978
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In: Ympäristö ja Terveys (= Environment and Health). ; 9:3, s. 196-203
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 20. |
- Ivarsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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A Cryptic Alternative for the Evolution of Hyphae
- 2020
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In: Bioessays. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0265-9247 .- 1521-1878. ; 42:6, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing awareness of a subsurface fossil record of mostly hyphal fungi organisms stretching back through the Phanerozoic to approximate to 400 megaannum (Ma) and possibly earlier, provides an alternative view on hyphal development. Parallel with the emergence of hyphal fungi during Ordovician-Devonian times when plants colonized the land, which is the traditional notion of hyphal evolution, hyphae-based fungi existed in the deep biosphere. New insights suggest that the fundamental functions of hyphae may have evolved in response to an ancient subsurface endolithic life style and might have been in place before the colonization of land. To address the gaps in the current understanding of hyphal evolution a strategy based on research prospects involving investigations of uncharted geological material, new diagnostics, and comparisons to live species is proposed.
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| 21. |
- Ivarsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The fossil record of igneous rock
- 2020
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In: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 210, s. 1-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing awareness of life in deep igneous crust expands our appreciation for life's distribution in the upper geosphere through time and space, and extends the known inhabitable realm of Earth and possibly beyond. For most of life's history, until plants colonized land in the Ordovician, the deep biosphere was the largest reservoir of living biomass. This suggests that deep crustal habitats played an important role in the evolution and development of the biosphere. Paradoxically, the paleo-perspective of deep life has been largely neglected in the exploration of the deep biosphere as well as in paleontology as a whole. Here, we review the collective understanding of the fossil record in igneous crust with the aim to highlight a rising research field with great potential for substantial findings and progress in the near future. We include new results that emphasize the importance of direct or indirect dating of fossils and introduction of new techniques into the field. Currently, an incoherent record of morphological fossils- and chemofossils stretching from present to ~2.4 Ga implies the presence of an abundant and rich, yet largely unexplored, fossil record. Further investigations of deep paleo-environments will most certainly result in substantial insights into the distribution and development of biospheres throughout life's history, the early evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and Earth's early biogeochemical cycles. We emphasize the fossil record of igneous rock to give it the same status as the fossil record in sedimentary rocks, and to implement fossil investigations as standard procedures in future international drilling campaigns.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Johansson, B., et al.
(author)
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Detection thresholds : Effect of stimulus presentation order and addition of blanks I. Odor of pentanal and hexanol
- 1973
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In: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 6:4, s. 115-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detection thresholds for the odor of pentanal and hexanol were determined using a method of constant stimuli with single sample presentations. The effects of addition of blanks and of order of sample presentation (ascending, descending, randomized) were studied for grouped threshold values. Moreover, differences between groups of subjects with different frequencies of false alarm, and between males and females were studied. Preceding blanks, added to the ascending series, but unknown to the subjects, caused a significant decrease in threshold values for all groups of subjects. The decrease was probably mainly an anticipation effect caused by the information to the subjects. For pentanal, the ascending concentration order gave a significantly lower threshold value than the descending or randomized orders, between which there was no significant difference. For hexanol, in general, the differences among presentation orders were not significant. A sufficient explanation for this unexpected difference between the two compounds cannot be given. For each compound, subjects with lower frequencies of false alarm had, in all experimental series, significantly higher threshold values than subjects with higher frequencies. Females had significantly lower threshold values than males. © 1973 Forster-Verlag AG, Zürich.
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| 27. |
- Pangborn, Rose-Marie, et al.
(author)
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Effects of light and sound on parotid secretion and taste perception in response to sodium chloride
- 1978
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In: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 3:1, s. 81-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Salivary secretion in response to solutions of 1.6% NaCl was slightly, but not significantly lower under red than under white illumination, and when wearing earphones which delivered intermittent "kitchen" noise, or the monotonous noise of a siren. Gustatory responses from the same subjects to a 15-sample concentration series of NaCl indicated that neither discrimination nor perceived intensity of saltiness was significantly affected by the illumination or by the kitchen noise. Fitting of a smooth, sigmoid line to the group's discrimination data gave a value of 0.012% NaCl for the 75% correct level (50% above chance) and of 0.08% NaCl for 100% identification. The subjects showed no systematic relationship among salivary flow rate, discrimination, or perceived intensity.Contrary to previous findings, neither the light nor the noise resulted in significantly lowered responses in 10 out of 12 subjects in the salivation tests, nor in 45 out of 52 trials (13 subjects × 4 test conditions) in the taste tests. It appears that experienced subjects adapt well to systematic environmental distractions, which do not adversely affect their performance of simple perceptual tasks. © 1978 Information Retrieval Limited.
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