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| 2. |
- Drangert, Jan-Olof, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Det urbana jordbrukslandskapets öde. Näringsämnenas kretslopp i Norrköping 1850-1920
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bruka, odla, hävda.. - Stockholm : Kungl. Skogs och Lantbruksakademien. - 9189379950 ; , s. 187-202
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nya kunskaper om odlingssystemens historia och om uthålligt jordbruk, presenteras i denna antologi. Kan det ha varit förändrade matvanor för 400 år sedan som drastiskt kom att förändra odlingssystemen? Hur skapades ett jordbruk som kunde vara hållbart under den stora befolkningstillväxten på 1800-talet? Hur har landskapet förändrats? Hur kan jordbrukets framtidsscenario se ut?Bokens författare kommer från olika forskningsfält - de är naturvetare, samhällsvetare såväl som humanister. Även deras bidrag spänner över stora områden, allt från konkreta förändringar i landskapet till teorier om jordbrukets utveckling. Antologins huvudområden är: odlingssystemens historia, de idéhistoriska perspektiven, naturens kretslopp, energi- och näringsflöden samt landskapsförändringar och hållbart nyttjande. Denna spännvidd gör att boken vänder sig till många kategorier - planerare, kulturgeografer, miljöforskare, kommunekologer, historiker, museimän, agrara praktiker och övriga intresserade av jordbruket och dess historia. Alla läsare får möjlighet att göra sig en egen syntes av förlopppen.
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| 3. |
- Drangert, Jan-Olof, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the European Union Waste Hierarchy to Guide Nutrient-Effective Urban Sanitation toward Global Food Security : Opportunities for Phosphorus Recovery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2571-581X. ; 2, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With growing urbanization cities become hotspots for nutrients. Food items are imported, and food residues, including excreta and not-eaten food, are often exported to landfill sites and water bodies. However, urban sanitation systems can be designed to achieve a high degree of nutrient recovery and food security while counteracting current nutrient resources depletion, environmental degradation, and wasteful energy use. This article illustrates how an extended solid waste hierarchy also including human excreta and wastewater can guide actions to save and recover phosphorus (P) by the three sectors: food industry, households, and waste utilities. P use in diets and agricultural production is not part of the analysis, despite the potential to save P. Novel systems thinking and material flow analysis show that waste prevention can replace over 40% of mined P presently used for making fertilizers. Reuse and recycling of P in excreta and food waste can replace another 15–30%, depending on P efficiency from mine to plate. Keeping excreta separated from other wastewater facilitates such measure. Incineration and land filling are deemed the least appropriate measures since mainly P is recovered in the ashes. The European Union (EU) waste management policy is analyzed for real barriers and opportunities for this approach. The EU Parliament policy guidelines were watered down in the EU Commission’s Directives, and today most biowastes are still being landfilled or incinerated instead of recovered. An anticipated overcapacity of incineration plants in Europe threatens to attract all combustible materials and therefore, irrevocably, reduce nutrient recovery. On the other hand, reduced generation and enhanced recovery can delay exhaustion of P resources by several centuries and simultaneously reduce environmental degradation.
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| 4. |
- Drangert, Jan-Olof, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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From pigs to incineration and beyond: The evolution of organic waste and food management in Sweden in the period 1800 – 2000 and future prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: City and Environment Interactions. - : Elsevier. - 2590-2520. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societies have always been occupied with securing food supply and ensure environmental and human health. Scientific knowledge and technical level have, together with habitat and management patterns, shaped sanitation arrangements and recycling of resources. Because it is the same urban problems that are addressed by societies in different historical contexts, a longitudinal study may allow for novel ways to conjure food security and sanitation management issues in the present century.We trace the historical transition over two centuries away from a circular economy to a more linear one in two Swedish cities, the capital Stockholm and the industrial city Norrköping, and show that big but rather slow changes occurred more or less constantly in these two urban settings. The driving forces have changed from only improving local conditions of sanitation and food production over to global and regional driving forces in this century affecting what local communities can or could do. The ongoing globalization positions the subjects of environmental and human health, recycling and food security in a new global perspective, where climate change and global resource boundaries will play a central role. We cannot continue to rely on trade that causes rainforest destruction elsewhere or harmful chemical consumer products that lead to loss of biodiversity and human health risks.We need to put urban sanitation and food issues into this wider perspective with available remedial measures such as dietary changes, food waste reduction, soil less food production and building of new circular infrastructure. All urban areas in the world, including Stockholm and Norrköping in Sweden, need to adopt new strategies that again engage residents as well as public sectors and industry, including agriculture.
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| 5. |
- Drangert, Jan-Olof, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Generating Applicable Environmental Knowledge among Farmers : Experiences from Two Regions in Poland
- 2017
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Ingår i: Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-3565 .- 2168-3573. ; 41:6, s. 671-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raising environmental awareness among farmers is the key to successfully reaching environmental goals. The present study assessed the knowledge development process and the raising of environmental awareness among 30 farmers from Poland exposed to four approaches aimed to reduce phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) losses to water. The farmers were interviewed with open-ended questions on-farm both before and after the project intervention. As hoped, the farmers attempted to adjust their farm practices to the European Union regulations, which are in some cases supported by subsidies. As a complement, the project offered tools for system-thinking based on farm data and support from agricultural advisors: a) a survey of plant-available P, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and soil pH, resulting in soil maps; b) assessment of nitrogen leaching risks from individual fields; c) compilation of a farm-gate balance. Farmers were positive to soil surveys and maps, but had limited understanding of the nutrient balance concept and calculations. They generally relied on their own experiences regarding fertilization rather than on calculated farm nutrient balances and leaching risks. Farmers’ understanding and willingness to adopt new approaches to improve nutrient efficiency and reduce negative environmental impacts are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Drangert, Jan-Olof, 1944-
(författare)
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Who cares about water? : A study of household water development in Sukumaland, Tanzania
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study of the incentives and constraints which bear upon people's ability to improve access to and quality of household water through their own cooperative and household efforts. The focus is on activities that are managed and controlled in the community and involve human and physical resources. Equal emphasis is given to understanding continuity aspects (doing more of the same) and change (doing new things).Thirty knowledgeable informants from six rural villages in Sukumaland provided the bulk of the information. They live in an area with a semi-arid to sub-humid climate situated south-east of Lake Victoria in Tanzania.Human and physical factors influence what takes place on the local scene and a model is developed to analyse water-related activities. In-depth interviews and observation provide the basis for an exploration of ways in which individuals and neighbourhoods reason and act to obtain household water of acceptable quality at a reasonable distance. The interviews were aimed at elucidating the actual levels of knowledge and technical skills employed in effecting specific improvements. The informants' knowledge of hydrogeological conditions and of the hygienic aspects of water use are appraised and compared with full professional standards of knowledge.Sukuma norms about water-related issues have been explored: water rights and control over water sources, and household and cooperative efforts. Informants' individual values on these matters are compared with the norms. The aim is to learn the ways in which both norms and individual values affect negotiations about proper measures in the community and within the household.Four major findings come out of the analysis. The first is that villagers in general believe that there are affordable and manageable solutions to their own household water problems. Secondly, government and donor involvement in the household water sector tends to inhibit more advanced local initiatives and activities. Thirdly, the present gender-based division of household tasks interferes negatively with improvements. Finally, there are considerable differences in the value placed upon different kinds of accessible water sources by outside observers and the villagers themselves.The prospects for future improvement in household water conditions are heavily influenced by the rapid population increase. The capacity for government interventions is limited, and in future most efforts to develop water supplies are expected to be made by individuals and neighbourhoods. The hydrological conditions allow for the provision of enough household water well into the next century, although the population growth will eventually cause water scarcity and hit food production.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Krantz, Helena, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Household perspectives in managing sustainable cities
- 2006
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Ingår i: Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management. - London : IWA Publishing. - 1843391058 - 9781843391050 ; , s. 112-122
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The strategic planning of urban water systems is a complex task. The Urban Water programme covered projects from various disciplines at 9 Swedish Universities, from 1999 to 2006. The projects developed a "toolbox" for strategic planning of drinking-, waste- and stormwater management, covering aspects such as the environment, health and hygiene, financing, organisation, households, and technical function. Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management synthesises the results and presents a comprehensive approach, which includes not only the technical, economic and environmental aspects, but also the challenges of institutional capacity and public participation in the planning process. Furthermore, the experience from a number of case studies are summarised and can offer readers inspiration for their own planning situations.
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| 10. |
- Mariwah, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of composting toilets in addressing the challenges of faecal sludge management in community-led total sanitation (CLTS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Public Health. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 17:12, s. 3802-3814
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is increasingly promoted globally as an innovative approach to addressing the sanitation challenge in developing countries, especially in the rural areas where access to sanitation remains poor. However, a significant challenge in CLTS is poor management of faecal sludge when pits are full. In this regard, composting toilets offer a potentially viable and ecologically sound method for effective and efficient faecal sludge management, by providing fertilisers that act as soil conditioners, and ultimately contribute to clean environment, food security, good health, and poverty alleviation. Despite these advantages, there is limited knowledge on why and how composting toilets can be successfully integrated into CLTS initiatives. In this paper, we use the case of Ghana to demonstrate that integrating composting toilets into the CLTS approach is a feasible option for sustainable and environmentally friendly faecal sludge management in rural areas where agriculture is the predominant livelihood activity.
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| 11. |
- Nelson, Marie C, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Why did they become pipe-bound cities?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Works Management & Policy. - 1087-724X .- 1552-7549. ; 6:3, s. 172-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Schmid Neset, Tina-Simone, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling of phosphorus in urban Sweden: a historical overview to guide a strategy for the future
- 2010
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Ingår i: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 12:4, s. 611-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable sanitation and food security have been issues in all human history although named differently. This study describes the evolution of sanitation arrangements in the Swedish town Linköping for the period 1870–2000. The flow of phosphorus from food consumption is estimated for the period and its output is divided into gainful reuse in agriculture and energy production and (harmful) losses to the hydrosphere and landfills. The rate of gainful reuse varies dramatically, from very high, up until the 1920s, followed by a drop to almost zero around 1950. Reuse was picking up since the introduction of a phosphorus removal unit at wastewater treatment plants and application of sludge in agriculture from the 1970s, but was followed by a sharp decline at the end of the 20th century. The results from Linköping are applied to scenarios for Sweden as a whole and extended to some anticipated implications for the world in the years to come.
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