| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Du, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Cu3P/CuO Core-Shell Nanorod Arrays as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation
- 2018
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Ingår i: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2196-0216. ; 5:15, s. 2064-2068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earth-abundant transition-metal-based oxides are potential candidates to replace the state-of-the-art noble-metal-based oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) such as IrO2 and RuO2. Despite the low cost and large abundance, copper-based OER catalysts have been less frequently studied, mainly owing to the low electrical conductivity of copper oxides that results in large overpotential and sluggish kinetics for oxygen evolution. We report here the insitu fabrication of semi-metallic Cu3P nanorod arrays on commercial copper foam via a template approach; the resulting self-supported core-shell Cu-Cu3P/CuO electrode has the merits of high electrical conductivity, large active area, and short diffusion paths for electrolyte and evolved oxygen, exhibiting a low overpotential of 315mV and high durability over 50h at a current density of 10mAcm(-2) for OER in 1.0 M KOH. The remarkable OER performance reported here is not only superior to that of analogous Cu-CuO foam electrode, but also outperforms those of copper-based OER electrocatalysts in the literature.
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| 9. |
- Li, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of FeOOH and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-Derived Nanoporous Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a cost-effective catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the potential use of FeOOH is hindered by its intrinsic poor electron conductivity. Here, the significant enhancement of OER activity and long-term stability of electrodeposited FeOOH on zeolitic imidazolate framework-derived N-doped porous carbons (NPCs) are reported. In alkaline media, FeOOH/NPC supported on nickel foam as a 3D electrode delivers a current density of 100 mA cm(-2) at a small overpotential of 230 mV and exhibits a low Tafel slope of 33.8 mV dec(-1) as well as excellent durability, making it one of the most active OER catalysts. Such high performance is attributed to a combined effect of the excellent electron conductivity of NPC and the synergy between FeOOH and NiO derived from Ni substrate.
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| 10. |
- Li, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Water Splitting via Decoupled Photocatalytic Water Oxidation and Electrochemical Proton Reduction Mediated by Electron-Coupled-Proton Buffer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemistry - An Asian Journal. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1861-4728 .- 1861-471X. ; 12:20, s. 2666-2669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water splitting mediated by electron-coupled-proton buffer (ECPB) provides an efficient way to avoid gas mixing by separating oxygen evolution from hydrogen evolution in space and time. Though electrochemical and photoelectrochemcial water oxidation have been incorporated in such a two-step water splitting system, alternative ways to reduce the cost and energy input for decoupling two half-reactions are desired. Herein, we show the feasibility of photocatalytic oxygen evolution in a powder system with BiVO4 as a photocatalyst and polyoxometalate H3PMo12O40 as an electron and proton acceptor. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to be directly used for the subsequent hydrogen evolution with the reduced H3PMo12O40 as electron and proton donors. Our system exhibits excellent stability in repeated oxygen and hydrogen evolution, which brings considerable convenience to decoupled water splitting.
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| 11. |
- Zhao, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-sectional study on upright heart rate and BP changing characteristics: basic data for establishing diagnosis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and orthostatic hypertension
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group: Open Access / BMJ Journals. - 2044-6055. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to determine upright heart rate and blood pressure (BP) changes to suggest diagnostic criteria for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and orthostatic hypertension (OHT) in Chinese children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1449 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were randomly recruited from two cities in China, Kaifeng in Henan province and Anguo in Hebei province. They were divided into two groups: 844 children aged 6-12 years (group I) and 605 adolescents aged 13-18 years (group II). Heart rate and BP were recorded during an active standing test. Results: 95th percentile (P-95) of delta heart rate from supine to upright was 38 bpm, with a maximum upright heart rate of 130 and 124 bpm in group I and group II, respectively. P-95 of delta systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase was 18 mm Hg and P-95 of upright SBP was 132 mm Hg in group I and 138 mm Hg in group II. P-95 of delta diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increase was 24 mm Hg in group I and 21 mm Hg in group II, and P-95 of upright DBP was 89 mm Hg in group I and 91 mm Hg in group II. Conclusions: POTS is suggested when delta heart rate is greater than= 38 bpm (for easy memory, greater than= 40 bpm) from supine to upright, or maximum heart rate greater than= 130 bpm (children aged 6-12 years) and greater than= 125 bpm (adolescents aged 13-18 years), associated with orthostatic symptoms. OHT is suggested when delta SBP (increase) is greater than= 20 mm Hg, and/or delta DBP (increase) greater than= 25 mm Hg (in children aged 6-12 years) or greater than= 20 mm Hg (in adolescents aged 13-18 years) from supine to upright; or upright BP greater than= 130/90 mm Hg (in children aged 6-12 years) or greater than= 140/90 mm Hg (in adolescents aged 13-18 years).
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| 12. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 13. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 14. |
- Anchordoqui, Luis A., et al.
(författare)
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The Forward Physics Facility : Sites, experiments, and physics potential
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 968, s. 1-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF and the experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential. We then review the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three flavors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics.
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| 15. |
- Ashjaei, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic reconfiguration in HaRTES switched ethernet networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS. - 9781509023394
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of reconfiguring a system during runtime is essential for dynamic real-time applications in which resource usage is traded online for quality of service. The HaRTES switch, which is a modified Ethernet switch, holds this ability for the network resource, and at the same time it provides hard real-time support for both periodic and sporadic traffic. Although the HaRTES switch technologically caters this ability, a protocol to actually perform the dynamic reconfiguration is missing in multi-hop HaRTES networks. In this paper we introduce such a protocol that is compatible with the traffic scheduling method used in the architecture. We prove the correctness of the protocol using a model checking technique. Moreover, we conduct a set of simulation experiments to show the performance of the protocol and we also show that the reconfiguration process is terminated within a bounded time.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 19. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 20. |
- Du, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Iron-Salen Complex and Co2+ Ion-Derived Cobalt-Iron Hydroxide/Carbon Nanohybrid as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : WILEY. - 2198-3844. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal-salen complexes are widely used as catalysts in numerous fundamental organic transformation reactions. Here, CoFe hydroxide/carbon nanohybrid is reported as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst derived from the in situ formed molecular Fe-salen complexes and Co2+ ions at a low temperature of 160 degrees C. It has been evidenced that Fe-salen as a molecular precursor facilitates the confined-growth of metal hydroxides, while Co2+ plays a critical role in catalyzing the transformation of organic ligand into nanocarbons and constitutes an essential component for CoFe hydroxide. The resulting Co1.2Fe/C hybrid material requires an overpotential of 260 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) with high durability. The high activity is contributed to uniform distribution of CoFe hydroxides on carbon layer and excellent electron conductivity caused by intimate contact between metal and nanocarbon. Given the diversity of molecular precursors, these results represent a promising approach to high-performance carbon-based water splitting catalysts.
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| 21. |
- Du, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Giant Atoms in a Synthetic Frequency Dimension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 128:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Giant atoms that interact with real-space waveguides at multiple spatial points have attracted extensive attention due to their unique interference effects. Here we propose a feasible scheme for constructing giant atoms in a synthetic frequency dimension with, e.g., a dynamically modulated superconducting resonator and a tailored three-level artificial atom. Both analytical and numerical calculations show good agreement between our scheme and real-space two-level giant atoms. In particular, the symmetry of the model in momentum space can be broken by tuning the phase of the external field applied on the atom, enabling chiral interactions between the atom and the frequency lattice. We further demonstrate the possibility of simulating cascaded interaction and directional excitation transfer in the frequency dimension by directly extending our model to involve more such effective giant atoms.
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| 22. |
- Du, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Porcine circovirus type 2 infection promotes the SUMOylation of nucleophosmin-1 to facilitate the viral circular single-stranded DNA replication
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 20:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of genome DNA replication in circular single-stranded DNA viruses is currently a mystery, except for the fact that it undergoes rolling-circle replication. Herein, we identified SUMOylated porcine nucleophosmin-1 (pNPM1), which is previously reported to be an interacting protein of the viral capsid protein, as a key regulator that promotes the genome DNA replication of porcine single-stranded DNA circovirus. Upon porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, SUMO2/3 were recruited and conjugated with the K263 site of pNPM1's C-terminal domain to SUMOylate pNPM1, subsequently, the SUMOylated pNPM1 were translocated in nucleoli to promote the replication of PCV2 genome DNA. The mutation of the K263 site reduced the SUMOylation levels of pNPM1 and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, resulting in a decrease in the level of PCV2 DNA replication. Meanwhile, the mutation of the K263 site prevented the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA, but not the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 Cap. Mechanistically, PCV2 infection increased the expression levels of Ubc9, the only E2 enzyme involved in SUMOylation, through the Cap-mediated activation of ERK signaling. The upregulation of Ubc9 promoted the interaction between pNPM1 and TRIM24, a potential E3 ligase for SUMOylation, thereby facilitating the SUMOylation of pNPM1. The inhibition of ERK activation could significantly reduce the SUMOylation levels and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, as well as the PCV2 DNA replication levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA virus replication and highlight NPM1 as a potential target for inhibiting PCV2 replication. Different types of DNA viruses employ different mechanisms to replicate their genome DNA. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the most representative circular single-stranded DNA virus that harms the pig industry all over the world. In this study, we found that the PCV2 Cap interacting protein pNPM1 also interacts with PCV2 DNA in a SUMOylated form to promote PCV2 DNA replication. The SUMOylation of pNPM1 at the conserved K263 site is critical for the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA and the replication of PCV2 DNA. Furthermore, we found that PCV2 infection promotes the SUMO2/3 mediated SUMOylation of pNPM1, while does not significantly alter the expression level of pNPM1. PCV2 Cap is the major component that promotes pNPM1 SUMOylation by activating ERK/Ubc9/TRIM24 signalings. These results contribute to a better understanding of the replication mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA viruses, particularly PCV2.
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| 23. |
- Du, Xi-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Cytological studies reveal high variation in ascospore number and shape and conidia produced directly from ascospores in Morchella galilaea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spores are important as dispersal and survival propagules in fungi. In this study we investigated the variation in number, shape, size and germination mode of ascospores in Morchella galilaea, the only species of the genus Morchella known to fruit in the autumn. Based on the observation of five samples, we first discovered significant variation in the shape and size of ascospores in Morchella. One to sixteen ascospores were found in the asci. Ascospore size correlated negatively with ascospore number, but positively with ascus size, and ascus size was positively correlated with ascospore number. We noted that ascospores, both from fresh collections and dried specimens, germinated terminally or laterally either by extended germ tubes, or via the production of conidia that were formed directly from ascospores at one, two or multiple sites. The direct formation of conidia from ascospores takes place within asci or after ascospores are discharged. Using laser confocal microscopy, we recorded the number of nuclei in ascospores and in conidia produced from ascospores. In most ascospores of M. galilaea, several nuclei were observed, as is typical of species of Morchella. However, nuclear number varied from zero to around 20 in this species, and larger ascospores harbored more nuclei. One to six nuclei were present in the conidia. Nuclear migration from ascospores to conidia was observed. Conidia forming directly from ascospores has been observed in few species of Pezizomycetes; this is the first report of the phenomenon in Morchella species. Morphological and molecular data show that conidial formation from ascospores is not found in all the specimens of this species and, hence, is not an informative taxonomic character in M. galilaea. Our data suggest that conidia produced from ascospores and successive mitosis within the ascus may contribute to asci with more than eight spores. The absence of mitosis and/or nuclear degeneration, as well as cytokinesis defect, likely results in asci with fewer than eight ascospores. This study provides new insights into the poorly understood life cycle of Morchella species and more broadly improves knowledge of conidia formation and reproductive strategies in Pezizomycetes.
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| 24. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible n-Type Tungsten Carbide/Polylactic Acid Thermoelectric Composites Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Coatings. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6412. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible n-type tungsten carbide/polylactic acid (WC/PLA) composites were fabricated by additive manufacturing and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. The preparation of an n-type polymer-based thermoelectric composite with good stability in air atmosphere via additive manufacturing holds promise for application in flexible thermoelectric devices. For WC/PLA volume ratios varying from similar to 33% to 60%, the electrical conductivity of the composites increased from 10.6 to 42.2 S/cm, while the Seebeck coefficients were in the range -11 to -12.3 V/K. The thermal conductivities of the composites varied from similar to 0.2 to similar to 0.28 Wamp;lt;boldamp;gt;mamp;lt;/boldamp;gt;-1amp;lt;boldamp;gt;Kamp;lt;/boldamp;gt;-1 at similar to 300 K.
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| 25. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible ternary carbon black/Bi2Te3 based alloy/polylactic acid thermoelectric composites fabricated by additive manufacturing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materiomics. - : ELSEVIER. - 2352-8478 .- 2352-8486. ; 6:2, s. 293-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible ternary carbon black/Bi2Te3 based alloy/polylactic acid (CB/BTBA/PLA) composites were fabricated by additive manufacturing and their thermoelectric properties were investigated from 300 K to 360 K. At 300 K, as the mass ratios of BTBAs in the composites increased from 38.5% to 71.4%, both the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the composites increased from 5.8 S/cm to 13.3 S/cm, and from 60.2 mV/K to 119.9 mV/K, respectively, and the thermal conductivity slightly increased from 0.15 W m(-1)K(-1) to 0.25 W m(-1)K(-1), as a result, the ZT value of the composites increased from 0.004 to 0.023. As the temperature increased from 300 K to 360 K, the electrical conductivity of all the composites slightly decreased, while the thermal conductivity slowly increased, and a highest ZT value of 0.024 was achieved for the composites with 71.4% BTBAs at 320 K. Unlike traditional sterolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser melting, etc., this additive manufacturing process can directly print the solutions which contain inorganic fillers and polymer matrixes into almost any designed intricate geometries of thermoelectric composites, therefore this process has great potential to be used for fabrication of flexible polymer based thermoelectric composites and devices. (C) 2020 The Chinese Ceramic Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
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| 26. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible Thermoelectric Double-Layer Inorganic/Organic Composites Synthesized by Additive Manufacturing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Electronic Materials. - : WILEY. - 2199-160X. ; 6:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study shows an approach to combine a high electrical conductivity of one composite layer with a high Seebeck coefficient of another composite layer in a double-layer composite, resulting in high thermoelectric power factor. Flexible double-layer-composites, made from Bi2Te3-based-alloy/polylactic acid (BTBA/PLA) composites and Ag/PLA composites, are synthesized by solution additive manufacturing. With the increase in Ag volume-ratio from 26.3% to 41.7% in Ag/PLA layers, the conductivity of the double-layer composites increases from 12 S cm(-1)to 1170 S cm(-1), while the Seebeck coefficient remains approximate to 80 mu V K(-1)at 300 K. With further increase in volume ratio of Ag until 45.6% in Ag/PLA composite layer, the electrical conductivity of the double-layer composites increases to 1710 S cm(-1), however, with a slight decrease of the Seebeck coefficient to 64 mu V K-1. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient vary only to a limited extent with the temperature. The high Seebeck coefficient is due to scattering of low energy charge carriers across compositionally graded interfaces. A power factor of 875 mu W m(-1) K(-2)is achieved at 360 K for 41.7 vol.% Ag in the Ag/PLA layers. Solution additive manufacturing can directly print this double-layer composite into intricate geometries, making this process is promising for large-scale fabrication of thermoelectric composites.
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| 27. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices
- 2018
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Ingår i: APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-9407. ; 12, s. 366-388
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can directly convert waste heat into electrical power. In the last few decades, most research on thermoelectrics has focused on inorganic bulk thermoelectric materials and corresponding devices, and their thermoelectric properties have been significantly improved. An emerging topic is flexible devices, where the use of bulk inorganic materials is precluded by their inherent rigidity. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on flexible thermoelectric materials and generators, including theoretical principles for TEGs, conducting polymer TE materials, nanocomposites comprised of inorganic nanostructures in polymer matrices and fully inorganic flexible TE materials in nanostructured thin films. Approaches for flexible TEGs and components are reviewed, and remaining challenges discussed. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 28. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the Heteroepitaxial Process Optimization of Ge Layers on Si (001) by RPCVD
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents the growth of high-quality Ge epilayers on Si (001) substrates using a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD) chamber. Based on the initial nucleation, a low temperature high temperature (LT-HT) two-step approach, we systematically investigate the nucleation time and surface topography, influence of a LT-Ge buffer layer thickness, a HT-Ge growth temperature, layer thickness, and high temperature thermal treatment on the morphological and crystalline quality of the Ge epilayers. It is also a unique study in the initial growth of Ge epitaxy; the start point of the experiments includes Stranski-Krastanov mode in which the Ge wet layer is initially formed and later the growth is developed to form nuclides. Afterwards, a two-dimensional Ge layer is formed from the coalescing of the nuclides. The evolution of the strain from the beginning stage of the growth up to the full Ge layer has been investigated. Material characterization results show that Ge epilayer with 400 nm LT-Ge buffer layer features at least the root mean square (RMS) value and it's threading dislocation density (TDD) decreases by a factor of 2. In view of the 400 nm LT-Ge buffer layer, the 1000 nm Ge epilayer with HT-Ge growth temperature of 650 degrees C showed the best material quality, which is conducive to the merging of the crystals into a connected structure eventually forming a continuous and two-dimensional film. After increasing the thickness of Ge layer from 900 nm to 2000 nm, Ge surface roughness decreased first and then increased slowly (the RMS value for 1400 nm Ge layer was 0.81 nm). Finally, a high-temperature annealing process was carried out and high-quality Ge layer was obtained (TDD=2.78 x 10(7) cm(-2)). In addition, room temperature strong photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity and narrow full width at half maximum (11 meV) spectra further confirm the high crystalline quality of the Ge layer manufactured by this optimized process. This work highlights the inducing, increasing, and relaxing of the strain in the Ge buffer and the signature of the defect formation.
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| 29. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Graphite/poly(3,4-ethyenedioxythiophene) Nanocomposites
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 11:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite/poly(3,4-ethyenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanocomposites were prepared by an in-situ oxidative polymerization process. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the graphite/PEDOT nanocomposites with different content of graphite were measured in the temperature range from 300 K to 380 K. The results show that as the content of graphite increased from 0 to 37.2 wt %, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increased sharply from 3.6 S/cm to 80.1 S/cm, while the Seebeck coefficient kept almost the same value (in the range between 12.0 V/K to 15.1 V/K) at 300 K, which lead to an increased power factor. The Seebeck coefficient of the nanocomposites increased from 300 K to 380 K, while the electrical conductivity did not substantially depend on the measurement temperature. As a result, a power factor of 3.2 Wm(-1) K-2 at 380 K was obtained for the nanocomposites with 37.2 wt % graphite.
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| 30. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Highly Mismatched III-V Heteroepitaxy Growth on (001) Silicon
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 12:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Si-based group III-V material enables a multitude of applications and functionalities of the novel optoelectronic integration chips (OEICs) owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties and compatibility with the mature Si CMOS process technology. To achieve high performance OEICs, the crystal quality of the group III-V epitaxial layer plays an extremely vital role. However, there are several challenges for high quality group III-V material growth on Si, such as a large lattice mismatch, highly thermal expansion coefficient difference, and huge dissimilarity between group III-V material and Si, which inevitably leads to the formation of high threading dislocation densities (TDDs) and anti-phase boundaries (APBs). In view of the above-mentioned growth problems, this review details the defects formation and defects suppression methods to grow III-V materials on Si substrate (such as GaAs and InP), so as to give readers a full understanding on the group III-V hetero-epitaxial growth on Si substrates. Based on the previous literature investigation, two main concepts (global growth and selective epitaxial growth (SEG)) were proposed. Besides, we highlight the advanced technologies, such as the miscut substrate, multi-type buffer layer, strain superlattice (SLs), and epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO), to decrease the TDDs and APBs. To achieve high performance OEICs, the growth strategy and development trend for group III-V material on Si platform were also emphasized.
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| 31. |
- Du, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelectric Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Bi2Te3 Nanocomposites
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Bi2Te3 nanocomposite powders with different contents of rGO have been synthesized by a one-step in-situ reductive method. Then, rGO/Bi2Te3 nanocomposite bulk materials were fabricated by a hot-pressing process. The effect of rGO contents on the composition, microstructure, TE properties, and carrier transportation of the nanocomposite bulk materials has been investigated. All the composite bulk materials show negative Seebeck coefficient, indicating n-type conduction. The electrical conductivity for all the rGO/Bi2Te3 nanocomposite bulk materials decreased with increasing measurement temperature from 25 degrees C to 300 degrees C, while the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient first increased and then decreased. As a result, the power factor of the bulk materials first increased and then decreased, and a power factor of 1340 mu Wm(-1)K(-2) was achieved for the nanocomposite bulk materials with 0.25 wt% rGO at 150 degrees C.
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| 32. |
- Guo, Sisi, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelectric Characteristics of Self-Supporting WSe2-Nanosheet/PEDOT-Nanowire Composite Films
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:29, s. 35430-35438
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires(PEDOTNWs) were synthesized by a modified self-assembled micellar soft-templatemethod, followed by fabrication by vacuum filtration of self-supportingexfoliated WSe2-nanosheet (NS)/PEDOT-NW composite films.The results showed that as the mass fractions of WSe2 NSsincreased from 0 to 20 wt % in the composite films, the electricalconductivity of the samples decreased from & SIM;1700 to & SIM;400S cm(-1), and the Seebeck coefficient increased from12.3 to 23.1 & mu;V K-1 at 300 K. A room-temperaturepower factor of 44.5 & mu;W m(-1) K-2 was achieved at 300 K for the sample containing 5 wt % WSe2 NSs, and a power factor of 67.3 & mu;W m(-1) K-2 was obtained at 380 K. The composite film containing5 wt % WSe2 NSs was mechanically flexible, as shown byits resistance change ratio of 7.1% after bending for 500 cycles ata bending radius of 4 mm. A flexible thermoelectric (TE) power generatorcontaining four TE legs could generate an output power of 52.1 nWat a temperature difference of 28.5 K, corresponding to a power densityof & SIM;0.33 W/m(2). This work demonstrates that the fabricationof inorganic nanosheet/organic nanowire TE composites is an approachto improve the TE properties of conducting polymers.
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| 33. |
- Haites, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of carbon pricing to meeting a mid-century net zero target
- 2024
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mid-century net zero target creates a challenge for reducing the emissions of emissions-intensive, trade-exposed sectors with high cost mitigation options. These sectors include aluminium, cement, chemicals, iron and steel, lime, pulp and paper and petroleum refining. Available studies agree that decarbonization of these sectors is possible by mid-century if more ambitious policies are implemented soon. Existing carbon pricing policies have had limited impact on the emissions of these sectors because their marginal abatement costs almost always exceed the tax rate or allowance price. But emissions trading systems with free allowance allocations to emissions-intensive, trade-exposed sectors have minimized the adverse economic impacts and associated leakage. Internationally coordinated policies are unlikely, so implementing more ambitious policies creates a risk of leakage. This paper presents policy packages a country can implement to accelerate emission reduction by these sectors with minimal risk of leakage. To comply with international trade law the policy packages differ for producers whose goods compete with imports in the domestic market and producers whose goods are exported. Carbon pricing is a critical component of each package due its ability to minimize the risk of adverse economic impacts on domestic industry, support innovation and generate revenue. The revenue can be used to assist groups adversely impacted by the domestic price and production changes due to carbon pricing and to build public support for the policies. Key policy insights A country with a mid-century net zero GHG emission target likely will need to implement more ambitious mitigation policies soon for emission-intensive sectors such as aluminium, cement, chemicals, iron and steel, lime, pulp and paper and petroleum refining. More ambitious mitigation policies are likely to vary by country and be implemented at different times, creating a risk of leakage due to industrial production shifts to other jurisdictions. More ambitious mitigation policy packages, compatible with international trade law, that a country can implement to reduce emissions from these sectors with minimal risk of leakage are available but differ for producers whose goods compete with imports in the domestic market and those whose goods are exported. Carbon pricing is a critical component of each package due its ability to minimize the risk of adverse economic impacts on domestic producers, support innovation and generate revenue.
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| 34. |
- Kong, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Elastic and thermodynamic properties of the Ni-B system studied by first-principles calculations and experimental measurements
- 2010
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Ingår i: Calphad. - : Elsevier BV. - 0364-5916 .- 1873-2984. ; 34:2, s. 245-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The elastic and thermodynamic properties of NiB, Ni2B, Ni3B, orthorhombic Ni4B3(O-Ni4B3), monoclinic Ni4B3(M-Ni4B3), and Ni23B6, are calculated via first-principles method for the Ni-B system. The ground state energies, the full sets of elastic constants and the associated macroscopic elastic parameters of these Ni-B alloys are computed for the first time. Taking contributions from lattice vibrations and thermally excited electrons into account, thermodynamic properties at finite temperatures are then predicted. In addition, we measure the molar heat capacity at constant pressure for NiB and compare the results with the theoretical predictions. Various calculations demonstrate that the first-principles calculation can be used to clarify the diverse experimental data, and provide reliable thermodynamic data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 36. |
- Lin, Hao, et al.
(författare)
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Stable and efficient hybrid Ag-In-S/ZnS@SiO2-carbon quantum dots nanocomposites for white light-emitting diodes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a promising energy-saving technique, the eco-friendly and low-cost solid-state white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied. Herein, a WLED device prepared by core-shell structure nanocomposites based on Ag-In-S/ZnS@SiO2 quantum dots (AIS@SiO2) and carbon quantum dots (CDs) was successfully constructed. CDs were combined onto the surface of AIS@SiO2 QDs to synthesize Ag-In-S/ZnS@SiO2-Carbon quantum dots (AIS-CDs) nanocomposites with a white-light emission, which successfully overcome the quenching effect of CDs induced by conventional aggregation. The as-prepared AIS-CDs nanocomposites presented high stability and a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 35%. Moreover, the corresponding AIS-CDs nanocomposites-based WLEDs demonstrated the color coordinate of (0.32, 0.33), which is comparable to the pure white light (0.33, 0.33); furthermore, the luminous efficiency of the as-prepared WLEDs showed 15.1 lm W-1. These results reported herein may open up a new avenue for the development of high-performance, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly WLEDs.
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| 37. |
- Ma, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease : Role of Folate and Homocysteine
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 48:1-2, s. 56-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and age-related degenerative diseases. The relation of peripheral blood LTL to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of folate and homocysteine (Hcy) in this relation remain unclear.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risks of MCI/AD, and to explore whether folate and Hcy may play a role in this association.Methods: This case-control study included 129 MCI subjects, 131 AD patients and 134 healthy controls. LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Serum folate levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: The mean LTL was 1.56 +/- 0.25 in controls, 1.44 +/- 0.23 in MCI, and 1.28 +/- 0.28 in AD patients (p< 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, subjects in the longest LTL tertile had lower OR for MCI (OR 0.246; 95% CI 0.101-0.597) and AD (OR 0.123; 95% CI 0.044-0.345) in comparison to subjects in the shortest tertile. Shorter LTL was dose-dependently related to the ORs of MCI and AD. Further, serum folate concentration was positively associated with LTL (p < 0.01), while serum Hcy level was negatively associated with LTL (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, LTL-MCI/AD association varied by serum folate and Hcy level. Conclusions: Shorter LTL is associated with the risks of MCI/AD. Folate and Hcy might play an important role in this association.
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| 38. |
- Meng, Long, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Response of 6MW Spar Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine by Experiment and Numerical Analyses
- 2020
-
Ingår i: China Ocean Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0890-5487 .- 2191-8945. ; 34:5, s. 608-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is widely used for harvesting marine wind energy. Its dynamic responses under offshore wind and wave environment provide essential reference for the design and installation. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 6MW Spar type FOWT designed for the water depth of 100 m are investigated by means of the wave tank experiment and numerical analysis. A scaled model is manufactured for the experiment at a ratio of 65.3, while the numerical model is constructed on the open-source platform FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence). Still water tests, wind-induced only tests, wave-induced only tests and combined wind-wave-current tests are all conducted experimentally and numerically. The accuracy of the experimental set-up as well as the loading generation has been verified. Surge, pitch and heave motions are selected to analyze and the numerical results agree well with the experimental values. Even though results obtained by using the FOWT calculation model established in FAST software show some deviations from the test results, the trends are always consistent. Both experimental and numerical studies demonstrate that they are reliable for the designed 6MW Spar type FOWT.
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| 39. |
- Mun, Seungsoo, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfigurable dual-mode optical encryption enabled by block copolymer photonic crystal with micro-imprinted holographic metasurface
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 70, s. 44-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-mode optical encryption based on holographic metasurfaces and color components is of great attraction because of their enhanced information security and storage; however, the realization of independently as well as reversibly encodable holographic metasurfaces and color components remains unreported. Herein, we present reconfigurable dual-mode encryptions of structural colors (SC) and holograms, achieved through stimuli-responsive block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystals (PCs) with micro-imprinted holographic metasurfaces. Holographic images appear when the micro-imprinted BCP PCs, consisting of self-assembled alternating lamellae of two dielectrics, are exposed to an incident laser. A characteristic SC develops in the visible range when the imprinted film is immersed in a liquid agent that can swell one of the dielectrics, allowing for dual-mode holographic and SC encodings in the solid and liquid states, respectively. The dual-mode optical encoding is reconfigured. The holographic image can be erased and replaced with another micropattern, while preserving the SC. Moreover, an SC, set by crosslinking of the swellable lamellae, is reset by chemical de-crosslinking and subsequent transient re-crosslinking, enabling the SC reconfigurability of the BCP PC film. A prototype of a high-security reconfigurable dual encryption has been developed, wherein true information is decrypted when holographic passwords are confirmed with full-color visible SC passwords.
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| 40. |
- Nie, Man, et al.
(författare)
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The dual role of CD70 in B‐cell lymphomagenesis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2001-1326. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCD70 is a costimulatory molecule that is transiently expressed on a small set of activated lymphocytes and is involved in T-cell-mediated immunity. However, the role of CD70 in B-cell malignancies remains controversial.MethodsWe investigated the clinical relevance of CD70 genetic alterations and its protein expression in two diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cohorts with different ethnic backgrounds. We also performed transcriptomic analysis to explore the role of CD70 alterations in tumour microenvironment. We further tested the blockade of CD70 in combination with PD-L1 inhibitor in a murine lymphoma model.ResultsWe showed that CD70 genetic aberrations occurred more frequently in the Chinese DLBCL cohort (56/233, 24.0%) than in the Swedish cohort (9/84, 10.8%), especially in those with concomitant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The CD70 genetic changes in DLBCL resulted in a reduction/loss of protein expression and/or CD27 binding, which might impair T cell priming and were independently associated with poor overall survival. Paradoxically, we observed that over-expression of CD70 protein was also associated with a poor treatment response, as well as an advanced disease stage and EBV infection. More exhausted CD8+ T cells were furthermore identified in CD70 high-expression DLBCLs. Finally, in a murine lymphoma model, we demonstrated that blocking the CD70/CD27 and/or PD1/PD-L1 interactions could reduce CD70+ lymphoma growth in vivo, by directly impairing the tumour cell proliferation and rescuing the exhausted T cells.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CD70 can play a role in either tumour suppression or oncogenesis in DLBCL, likely via distinct immune evasion mechanisms, that is, impairing T cell priming or inducing T cell exhaustion. Characterisation of specific dysfunction of CD70 in DLBCL may thus provide opportunities for the development of novel targeted immuno-therapeutic strategies.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Radamson, Henry H., et al.
(författare)
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Miniaturization of CMOS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Micromachines. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-666X. ; 10:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) started almost five decades ago, the metal oxide effect transistor (MOSFET) as units in integrated circuits (IC) continuously miniaturized. The transistor structure has radically changed from its original planar 2D architecture to today's 3D Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) along with new designs for gate and source/drain regions and applying strain engineering. This article presents how the MOSFET structure and process have been changed (or modified) to follow the More Moore strategy. A focus has been on methodologies, challenges, and difficulties when ITRS approaches the end. The discussions extend to new channel materials beyond the Moore era.
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| 43. |
- Radamson, Henry H., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Art and Future Perspectives in Advanced CMOS Technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 10:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) is approaching the historical end point and we observe that the semiconductor industry is driving complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) further towards unknown zones. Today's transistors with 3D structure and integrated advanced strain engineering differ radically from the original planar 2D ones due to the scaling down of the gate and source/drain regions according to Moore's law. This article presents a review of new architectures, simulation methods, and process technology for nano-scale transistors on the approach to the end of ITRS technology. The discussions cover innovative methods, challenges and difficulties in device processing, as well as new metrology techniques that may appear in the near future.
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| 44. |
- Rong, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Development and evaluation of an improved quantitative Y-90 bremsstrahlung SPECT method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 0094-2405. ; 39:5, s. 2346-2358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Yttrium-90 (Y-90) is one of the most commonly used radionuclides in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Since it decays with essentially no gamma photon emissions, surrogate radionuclides (e.g., In-111) or imaging agents (e.g., Tc-99m MAA) are typically used for treatment planning. It would, however, be useful to image Y-90 directly in order to confirm that the distributions measured with these other radionuclides or agents are the same as for the Y-90 labeled agents. As a result, there has been a great deal of interest in quantitative imaging of Y-90 bremsstrahlung photons using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. The continuous and broad energy distribution of bremsstrahlung photons, however, imposes substantial challenges on accurate quantification of the activity distribution. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate an improved quantitative Y-90 bremsstrahlung SPECT reconstruction method appropriate for these imaging applications. Methods: Accurate modeling of image degrading factors such as object attenuation and scatter and the collimator-detector response is essential to obtain quantitatively accurate images. All of the image degrading factors are energy dependent. Thus, the authors separated the modeling of the bremsstrahlung photons into multiple categories and energy ranges. To improve the accuracy, the authors used a bremsstrahlung energy spectrum previously estimated from experimental measurements and incorporated a model of the distance between Y-90 decay location and bremsstrahlung emission location into the SIMIND code used to generate the response functions and kernels used in the model. This improved Monte Carlo bremsstrahlung simulation was validated by comparison to experimentally measured projection data of a Y-90 line source. The authors validated the accuracy of the forward projection model for photons in the various categories and energy ranges using the validated Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. The forward projection model was incorporated into an iterative ordered subsets-expectation maximization (OS-EM) reconstruction code to allow for quantitative SPECT reconstruction. The resulting code was validated using both a physical phantom experiment with spherical objects in a warm background and a realistic anatomical phantom simulation. In the physical phantom study, the authors evaluated the method in terms of quantitative accuracy of activity estimates in the spheres; in the simulation study, the authors evaluated the accuracy and precision of activity estimates from various organs and compared them to results from a previously proposed method. Results: The authors demonstrated excellent agreement between the experimental measurement and Monte Carlo simulation. In the XCAT phantom simulation, the proposed method achieved much better accuracy in the modeling (error in photon counts was -1.1 %) compared to a previously proposed method (errors were more than 20 %); the quantitative accuracy of activity estimates was excellent for all organs (errors were from -1.6 % to 11.9 %) and comparable to previously published results for I-131 using the same collimator. Conclusions: The proposed Y-90 bremsstrahlung SPECT reconstruction method provided very accurate estimates of organ activities, with accuracies approaching those previously observed for I-131. The method may be useful in verifying organ doses for targeted radionuclide therapy using Y-90. (C) 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3700174]
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| 45. |
- Senanayake, Indunil C., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal diversity notes 1611–1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 122, s. 161-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 115 taxa from three phyla, nine classes, 28 orders, 48 families, and 64 genera are treated. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family, five new genera, 61 new species, five new combinations, one synonym, one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions. Ageratinicolaceae fam. nov. is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales. The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola, Kevinia, Pseudomultiseptospora (Parabambusicolaceae), Marasmiellomycena, and Vizzinia (Porotheleaceae). Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus, Ageratinicola kunmingensis, Allocryptovalsa aceris, Allophoma yuccae, Apiospora cannae, A. elliptica, A. pallidesporae, Boeremia wisteriae, Calycina papaeana, Clypeococcum lichenostigmoides, Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii, Cryphonectria kunmingensis, Diaporthe angustiapiculata, D. campylandrae, D. longipapillata, Diatrypella guangdongense, Dothiorella franceschinii, Endocalyx phoenicis, Epicoccum terminosporum, Fulvifomes karaiensis, F. pannaensis, Ganoderma ghatensis, Hysterobrevium baoshanense, Inocybe avellaneorosea, I. lucida, Jahnula oblonga, Kevinia lignicola, Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis, Laboulbenia caprina, L. clavulata, L. cobiae, L. cosmodisci, L. nilotica, L. omalii, L. robusta, L. similis, L. stigmatophora, Laccaria rubriporus, Lasiodiplodia morindae, Lyophyllum agnijum, Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis, Melomastia beihaiensis, Nemania guangdongensis, Nigrograna thailandica, Nigrospora ficuum, Oxydothis chinensis, O. yunnanensis, Petriella thailandica, Phaeoacremonium chinensis, Phialocephala chinensis, Phytophthora debattistii, Polyplosphaeria nigrospora, Pronectria loweniae, Seriascoma acutispora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Stictis anomianthi, Tarzetta tibetensis, Tarzetta urceolata, Tetraploa obpyriformis, Trichoglossum beninense, and Tricoderma pyrrosiae. We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var. brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
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| 46. |
- Tong, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Progress of the key materials for organic solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - Beijing, China : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 63:6, s. 758-765
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight, flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication. Nowadays, 18% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells. The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies, and the deep understanding on film morphology, molecular packing and device physics. Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance. The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors. In this review, we focus on those star materials and milestone work, and introduce the molecular structure evolution of key materials. These key materials include homopolymer donors, D-A copolymer donors, A-D-A small molecular donors, fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors. At last, we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.
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| 47. |
- Vasilopoulou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Neuromorphic computing based on halide perovskites
- 2023
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Ingår i: NATURE ELECTRONICS. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2520-1131. ; 6:12, s. 949-962
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuromorphic computing requires electronic systems that can perform massively parallel computational tasks with low energy consumption. Such systems have traditionally been based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits, but further advances in computational performance will probably require devices that can offer high-order complexity combined with area and energy efficiency. Halide perovskites can handle both ions and electronic charges, and could be used to create adaptive computing systems based on intrinsic device dynamics. The materials also offer exotic switching phenomena, providing opportunities for multimodal systems. Here we explore the development of neuromorphic hardware systems based on halide perovskites. We examine how devices based on these materials can serve as synapses and neurons, and can be used in neuromorphic computing networks. We also consider the challenges involved in developing practical perovskite neuromorphic systems, and highlight how these systems could augment and complement digital circuits. This Review examines the development of neuromorphic hardware systems based on halide perovskites, considering how devices based on these materials can serve as synapses and neurons, and can be used in neuromorphic computing networks.
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| 48. |
- Wang, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with an Immobilized Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Catalyst
- 2017
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 56:24, s. 6911-6915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular Co4O4 cubane water oxidation catalysts were combined with BiVO4 electrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The results show that tuning the substituent groups on cobalt cubane allows the PEC properties of the final molecular catalyst/BiVO4 hybrid photoanodes to be tailored. Upon loading a new cubane complex featuring alkoxy carboxylato bridging ligands (1h) on BiVO4, an AM 1.5G photocurrent density of 5 mAcm(-2) at 1.23 V vs. RHE for water oxidation was obtained, the highest photocurrent for undoped BiVO4 photoanodes. A high solar-energy conversion efficiency of 1.84% was obtained for the integrated photoanode, a sixfold enhancement over that of unmodified BiVO4. These results and the high surface charge separation efficiency support the role of surface-modified molecular catalysts in improving PEC performance and demonstrate the potential of molecule/semiconductor hybrids for efficient artificial photosynthesis.
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| 49. |
- Wang, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Supplier measurement of fresh supply chain in sustainable environment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ekoloji. - : Cevkor Vakfi. - 1300-1361. ; 28:107, s. 1995-2004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As people’s understanding of environmental protection, the measures on protecting environmental continue to increase recently. Many performers and researchers attach great importance to the measurement of sustainable suppliers in recent years. Supplier measurement is one of the most crucial activities in sustainable supply chain management. Therefore, it is very important to establish comprehensive measurement criteria and methods for the selection of suppliers on sustainable fresh products. This paper analyzes the selection and establishes a measurement index system for sustainable fresh produce suppliers. The paper evaluates suppliers through AHP, quantifies the qualitative elements of each limit as quantitative indicators, and quantifies them based on their own understanding of suppliers. Final case study is that four fresh produce suppliers were evaluated to determine the best supplier.
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| 50. |
- Watson, Andy, et al.
(författare)
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The Modelling of Carbide, Nitride and Carbo-Nitride Phases
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Materials Research - Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1862-5282 .- 2195-8556. ; 92:6, s. 550-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermodynamic modelling of carbide, nitride and carbonitride phases has been reviewed and recommendations made. A comprehensive list of assessed phases has been made with a bibliography. Recommended, estimated values for metastable phases have been tabulated. A new method of predicting phase stability of ordered phases has been outlined. This involves the coupling of CVM (cluster variation method) and mean field approximation calculations. Application to the Nb-C system is discussed.
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