| 1. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of an active steering system on city bus drivers’ muscle activity
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 25:3, s. 377-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- City bus drivers spend hours driving under time pressure, in congested traffic and in a monotonous sitting position. This leads to unhealthy working conditions, especially in terms of physical and psychological stress. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an active steering system can alleviate the musculoskeletal stress involved in manoeuvring a bus. Twenty bus drivers drove a city bus equipped with the Volvo dynamic steering (VDS) support system in real traffic. Steering effort was evaluated with electromyography and with a questionnaire. Compared to baseline, VDS significantly reduced the required muscle activity by on average 15–25% while turning, and up to 68% in the part of the manoeuvre requiring maximum effort. The bus drivers believed that VDS will help reduce neck and shoulder problems, and they expressed a desire to have VDS installed in their own bus.
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| 2. |
- Blane, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Cognitive Ability and Simulator-Based Driving Performance in Poststroke Adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavioural Neurology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driving is an important activity of daily living, which is increasingly relied upon as the population ages. It has been well-established that cognitive processes decline following a stroke and these processes may influence driving performance. There is much debate on the use of off-road neurological assessments and driving simulators as tools to predict driving performance; however, the majority of research uses unlicensed poststroke drivers, making the comparability of poststroke adults to that of a control group difficult. It stands to reason that in order to determine whether simulators and cognitive assessments can accurately assess driving performance, the baseline should be set by licenced drivers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess differences in cognitive ability and driving simulator performance in licensed community-dwelling poststroke drivers and controls. Two groups of licensed drivers (37 poststroke and 43 controls) were assessed using several cognitive tasks and using a driving simulator. The poststroke adults exhibited poorer cognitive ability; however, there were no differences in simulator performance between groups except that the poststroke drivers demonstrated less variability in driver headway. The application of these results as a prescreening toolbox for poststroke drivers is discussed.
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| 3. |
- Blane, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive ability as a predictor of task demand and self-rated driving performance in post-stroke drivers : Implications for self-regulation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 9, s. 169-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driving is a highly complex task requiring multiple cognitive processes that can be adversely affected post-stroke. It is unclear how much ability post-stroke adults have to self-evaluate their driving performance. Furthermore, the impact of cognitive decline on this evaluation has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived level of task demand involved in driving tasks, and to examine differences between perceived and observed driving performance in post-stroke drivers in comparison to a control group. A further aim of the research was to investigate the influence of cognition on self-rated driving performance. A total of 78 participants (35 post-stroke and 43 controls) were assessed using a series of cognitive tasks and were observed whilst driving. Participants were asked to rate their own driving performance and the task demand involved while driving using the NASA Task Load Index. Between group analyses were conducted to determine differences in the level of self-rated performance and task demand. Further analyses were conducted to investigate whether cognition accounted for differences in task demand or self-rated performance. Overall, the results suggested that the post-stroke drivers exhibited deficits in cognition, but they did not report increased levels of task demand when driving. Post-stroke adults also rated themselves more conservatively than the controls for on-road performance, which was associated with their reduced propensity for risk. The study suggests that cognitive deficits may influence post-stroke drivers to amend their driving behaviour, in order to bring the task demand within a manageable level. Understanding the mechanisms involved in self-rated performance and estimations of task demand can help promote accurate self-regulation practices in post-stroke drivers. Furthermore, measuring calibration may assist practitioners with assessing fitness-to-drive, as well as with tailoring driving rehabilitation. © 2018.
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| 4. |
- Blane, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating cognitive ability and self-reported driving performance of post-stroke adults in a driving simulator
- 2018
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Ingår i: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1074-9357 .- 1945-5119. ; 25:1, s. 44-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Safe driving is a complex activity that requires calibration. This means the driver can accurately assess the level of task demand required for task completion and can accurately evaluate their driving capability. There is much debate on the calibration ability of post-stroke drivers.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the cognition, self-rated performance, and estimation of task demand in a driving simulator with post-stroke drivers and controls.Methods: A between-groups study design was employed, which included a post-stroke driver group and a group of similarly aged older control drivers. Both groups were observed driving in two simulator-based driving scenarios and asked to complete the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) to assess their perceived task demand and self-rate their driving performance. Participants also completed a battery of psychometric tasks to assess attention and executive function, which was used to determine whether post-stroke cognitive impairment impacted on calibration.Results: There was no difference in the amount of perceived task demand required to complete the driving task. Despite impairments in cognition, the post-stroke drivers were not more likely to over-estimate their driving abilities than controls. On average, the post-stroke drivers self-rated themselves more poorly than the controls and this rating was related to cognitive ability.Conclusion: This study suggests that post-stroke drivers may be aware of their deficits and adjust their driving behavior. Furthermore, using self-performance measures alongside a driving simulator and cognitive assessments may provide complementary fitness-to-drive assessments, as well as rehabilitation tools during post-stroke recovery.
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| 5. |
- Broberg, Thomas K, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Safe mobility for elderly drivers-Considerations based on expert and self-assessment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 66, s. 104-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To further understand the needs of the growing population of elderly drivers and create solutions for safe mobility it is important to understand the driving scenarios and aspects in day to day traffic that may be of challenge for this group. More so, individual differences in how drivers perceive their own driving ability may have an effect on how individuals limit their mobility and/or increase their exposure to risk situations, with a potential negative effect on safety. In this study two sets of assessments have been used in order to identify scenarios and aspects needing consideration in creating safe mobility for elderly drivers; an expert assessment using on-road driving together with assessments through semi structured in-depth interviews. This combination also enables categorisation of the drivers, comparing their own perception of their driving performance with the expert assessment based on actual on-road driving. Four different categories of drivers were identified: adequate (positive), over, under and adequate (negative) estimators. A number of important aspects were identified in the study. Adapting speed to the situation and driving too fast, especially on straight roads in the city, is one aspect. Seeking the attention of other road users at intersections and roundabouts is another important consideration identified. Awareness of difficulties related to speed adaptation and attention was low amongst all the driver categories. However, a difference in attitude was seen in the categories with a more humble and acceptant attitude amongst the adequate and under estimator groups, as compared to the over estimators suggesting that the aspect of attitudes is another important factor for consideration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dukic Willstrand, Tania, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Collecting end-users needs regarding driver state-based automation in the ADAS&ME project
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU funded project ADAS&ME (Adaptive ADAS to support incapacitated drivers & Mitigate Effectively risks through tailor made HMI under automation) develops adapted Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. A web based survey was designed to collect the opinion of ADAS&ME end-users about automated functions that could support the driver/rider during different driving tasks. In total, 1094 persons answered the survey. The results reveal that most of the participants had heard of automated functions previously, and that about half of them also had experience using such functions. Several participants indicated concerns about data security. Furthermore, the results give an insight into how end-users perceive automation and what they see as advantages and limitations for implementation of automated driving systems corresponding to the ADAS&MEs’ goals.
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| 8. |
- Dukic Willstrand, Tania, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Driving Characteristics of Older Drivers and Their Relationship to the Useful Field of View Test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 63:2, s. 180-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To maintain the mobility of older people in later life, it is essential to sustain their autonomy; however, driving is a complex task, requiring a large range of visual, psychomotor and cognitive abilities. Subsequently, a key issue is to measure and evaluate the fitness to drive of older drivers. Several methods have been proposed, among them the useful field of view (UFOV) test.The present study aimed to identify driving characteristics in older drivers and the relationship between the UFOV test and the on-road driving results. A total of 80 drivers aged 70 years or older performed both the UFOV test and the on-road driving assessment. The ‘B On-Road' (Behaviour On-Road) protocol was used for the fitness-to-drive assessment. ‘Driving too fast' was the item reported most often during the on-road assessment, followed by problems with the manual gearbox and ‘attention to signs, road lines and traffic lights'. Overall, the results showed that the older the driver, the more errors were reported during the on-road driving assessment, as well as the slower the performance on the UFOV test. A significant relationship between the total number of on-road errors, as measured by the B On-Road protocol, and the UFOV 3, which stresses the capacity of selective attention, was found.The recommendation is still to use on-road driving assessment to fully assess fitness to drive for older drivers whose ability to drive requires assessment. However, to supplement this, the UFOV test, in particular the UFOV 3, is a valuable complement in selecting those drivers requiring to be assessed.
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| 9. |
- Holmquist, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Potential of HGV-based safety systems in fatal crashes involving VRUs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 245-246
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HGVs (Heavy Goods Vehicle, GVWR >3,5t) are involved in a large share of all serious and fatal accidents. Among these, about 30% are accidents involving VRUs (Vulnerable Road User). This study is aimed at retrospectively investigating the theoretical potential of HGV-based safety systems to save VRU lives. The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) carries out in-depth investigations and keeps records of all traffic related, fatal accidents on Swedish roads in a restricted database. This database was queried for relevant cases between 2015 and 2020. This study was carried out to support in the prioritization of introduction of safety systems. The STA in-depth database was used to analyse fatal accidents between an HGV and a VRU. In the following context, a VRU is a common name for pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and moped riders. In total, 63 fatal accidents, composed of 28 pedestrians, 13 bicyclists and 22 motorcyclists accidents.In total, 22 active and passive safety systems were selected for their potential effect to save lives in accidents involving HGVs and VRUs. For each system, target population and boundary conditions were defined. These were based on current and upcoming legal, upcoming EuroNCAP systems and General Safety Regulations. A potential analysis was carried out, by testing all safety systems for all relevant cases with a consensus group of three analysts.The collision pattern was VRU specific as well as the type of countermeasures indicating an effect. For pedestrians, collisions occurred in front of the HGV at low speed, often at zebra-crossing. Systems increasing visibility for the drivers had the largest effect, surround vision with a potential effect of 50%. Most collision with a bicyclist happened when the HGV was turning right at low speed. In those situations, the driver fails to see the bicyclist, or the bicyclist misinterpret the intention of the turning HGV, without margin for action to avoid collision. In these accidents, the AEB (Automatic Emergency Brake) junction or BSIS (Blind Spot Information System) indicated an 85% potential effectiveness. HGV-to-Motorcyclist collisions are by far the most challenging to prevent due to high motorcycle speed.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhetskultur och självkörande fordon och maskiner
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Självkörande fordon inom transportsektorn befinner sig ännu i utvecklingsstadiet. Att införa självkörande fordon och maskiner i befintliga verksamheter innebär ofta förändringar både i organisationen och den fysiska miljön och kan även innebära nya risker. I detta sammanhang kan säkerhetskulturen, både hos utvecklare och hos användare, spela viktig roll för att självkörande fordon och maskiner ska fungera säkert och effektivt i olika verksamheter. Projektets mål har varit att utveckla metoder för att förbättra säkerhetskultur där människor och automatiserad teknik samverkar som agenter i ett gemensamt system, samt att utveckla mätverktyg där hållbarhet, jämställdhet och säkerhet utvärderas för införande av självkörande fordon och maskiner. Projektet har utgått ifrån fallstudier från två olika domäner – självkörande bussar och självkörande industritruckar. Intervjuer har genomförts med utvecklare, kunder och slutanvändare. En enkät har tagits fram att mäta säkerhetskultur, jämställdhetskultur och hållbarhetskultur i organisationer som utvecklar självkörande fordon. Utöver detta har data från incidentrapporter analyserats. Lärdomarna från resultaten och projektdeltagarnas tidigare erfarenheter har resulterat i ett första utkast av en processmodell där säkerhetskultur integreras i utvecklingen av självkörande fordon och maskiner. Intervjuerna med utvecklare och kunder av självkörande fordon visade att säkerhetskultur inte var ett etablerat begrepp vare sig hos utvecklarna eller hos kunderna och att det därför inte var en faktor som man medvetet beaktade. Lärdomar från enkäten var att det finns skillnader mellan produktföretag och som markant påverkar formuleringar av frågeställningar. Det gick inte att fastställa om det föreligger kopplingar mellan hållbarhets-, jämställdhets- och säkerhetskultur. Fallstudien med bussarna visade bland annat att kund och leverantör pratar om olika typer av säkerhet samt att säkerheten ofta, men inte alltid, är prioriterad över effektiviteten. Utifrån analyserna av incidentdata från självkörande bussar samt förarlösa industritruckar har en lista med förslag på nyckeltal för att kunna analysera incidenter med självkörande fordon tagits fram inom projektet.
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| 11. |
- Lidestam, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport : uppföljning av trafiksäkerhetskrav vid upphandling av godstransporter
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har syftat till att undersöka möjligheten att använda trafiksäkerhetskrav och systematisk uppföljning av dessa som en del i upphandlingen av godstransporter, med syftet att förbättra trafiksäkerheten på vägarna. Dagens upphandlingar, där trafiksäkerhet ingår, innehåller ofta noggrant definierade krav om trafiksäkerhet, till exempel nykterhetskrav eller krav att följa regler och lagar, men inte sällan saknas en genomgripande strategi och metod för att följa upp kraven. Forskningsteamet har undersökt hur olika aktörer i transportupphandlingslandskapet arbetar med den här frågan, och inom ramen för projektet också föreslagit vilka trafiksäkerhetskrav som skulle kunna ställas inom upphandlingar. Dessutom har vi inspirerats av kunskapsutbyte och samlats för att lära kring bästa praxis och goda exempel, där verklig trafiksäkerhetsnytta har uppnåtts.Inom projektets litteraturstudie har vi tittat på dels hur upphandlingar går till, dvs upphandlingsprocessen, och vilka styrande policydokument som i dagsläget finns tillgängliga. Vi har även specifikt studerat kravställning inom närliggande hållbarhetsområde; grön upphandling inom kollektivtrafiken, Fair Transport, och dels vad som finns dokumenterat inom just området kravställning trafiksäkerhet. Vi har också samlat olika aktörer i workshops. Samtalen kretsade kring trafiksäkerhetskrav inom upphandling av godstransporter; vilka utmaningar och möjligheter finns, vad görs idag, och hur kan vi gemensamt bli bättre på att styra våra upphandlingar så att säkerheten på våra vägar ökar.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Selander, Helena, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Driving simulator-based training to improve self-rating ability of driving performance in older adults - a pilot study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the potential of using simulator-based training (SBT) to improve older drivers' self-rating ability and to compare two forms of feedback; corrective versus corrective and rewarding feedback.MethodThe study was designed to study the possibility of training for self-rated driving ability in a simulator, and the impact of corrective (errors made) feedback versus corrective (errors made) and rewarding (correct behaviour) feedback during training. In total, 21 older drivers (mean age 78.5, SD=3.9 years) were trained and assessed in the driving simulator. Driving performance was assessed by penalty scores as well as self and expert ratings.ResultsThe average deviation from correctly rated ability (own vs. expert) changed from -0.7 (under-rating) to 0.1 at the final training and assessment occasion; i.e., drivers ratings became more like the expert's rating or, in other terms, better calibrated. The individuals with the largest deviations from the expert's rating initially improved their self-rating ability the most. There were no differences between the two feedback groups in terms of their ability to self-rate, but rewarding feedback had a positive effect on penalty scores. The SBT showed positive training effects on the ability to self-rate one's driving ability, and rewarding feedback contributed to lower penalty scores. However, simulator sickness was a shortcoming that needs to be adressed, and the optimal form of feedback should be further investigated.
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| 14. |
- Selander, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Säker mobilitet på cykel för ett hållbart åldrande
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är en stor variation bland äldre cyklister avseende deras funktionsförmåga. Det som påverkar cykling är inte bara ålder utan även den egna fysiken (exempelvis muskelstyrka, rörlighet och balans) samt vanan att cykla. Syftet med projektet var att bidra till ökad och säker cykling bland äldre. Totalt deltog 21 personer (12 kvinnor, 9 män) i åldrarna 67-81 år (medelålder 74 år). Deltagarna fick provcykla tre sorters cyklar; en vanlig damcykel, en elcykel och en elmanövrerad trehjuling. Med hjälp av ett antal olika övningar fick deltagarna testa och utvärdera cyklarnas funktion och stabilitet i olika hastigheter, exempelvis hur lätt/svårt det var att stiga på/av cyklarna, hålla balansen eller att cykla med en tyngre last. Den 2-hjuliga elcykeln och den konventionella cykeln var lika ur prestationssynpunkt på alla områden som undersöktes. Den 3-hjuliga elcykeln fick genomgående sämre omdömen. Förutom cykelövningarna intervjuades deltagarna för att diskutera cykling generellt och vilka barriärer som finns för att öka cyklingen samt vad som krävs för att cykling ska kännas säker. Flera av de mer vana cyklisterna som var uppemot 80 år upplevde inga problem alls vare sig med balans, svårigheter att stiga av och på cykeln, eller trafiksituationen. Andra hade anpassat sin cykling genom att gå över till damcykel, elcykel eller undvek att cykla i stadsmiljö. Alla var överens om att cykling bidrar till fysisk aktivitet och bättre folkhälsa. Deltagarna uppskattade framför allt elcykeln, som ett bra komplement till bilkörning; med elmotor skulle det underlätta att få med sig matvaror och annat till/från hemmet.
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| 15. |
- Skyving, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Medical impairment and road traffic crashes among older drivers in Sweden : A national, population-based, case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several medical conditions are known to impair sensory, cognitive and motor functions and are associated with road traffic crashes (RTC). For the drivers of today, we lack updated knowledge on how driving-impairing conditions are associated with RTCs, across all driving-impairing conditions in a given population. We aim to determine this among older drivers in Sweden.Methods: A national, population register-based, matched case-control study comparing acknowledged driving-impairing health conditions among all older drivers (65 years or older) involved in an injurious RTC in the period 2011–2016 (n = 13,701) with those of controls: older drivers not involved in any RTC (n = 26,525) matched to the cases by age, sex and residential area. The medical conditions, extracted from the National Patient Register from 1997 up until date of RTC, were identified based on ICD-10 diagnosis codes and categorized into the 13 groups of medical conditions listed in the Swedish driver's license regulations. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Unadjusted ORs for RTC were increased for all conditions. After taking the other 12 medical conditions into account, the ORs remained significant in 11 out of the 13. A strong association was found for the group “ADHD and autism spectrum disorders” (OR 2.79, CI 1.47–5.30), although with very low prevalence among cases (0.2%). Moderate associations were found for three conditions with a case prevalence between 1.3% and 8.5%: epilepsy and seizure disorders (OR 1.53, CI 1.25–1.89), substance abuse and dependence (OR 1.45, CI 1.29–1.63), psychological diseases and mental disorders (OR 1.28, CI 1.18–1.39) and for one condition with a case prevalence of 14.7%, diabetes (OR 1.28, CI 1.20–1.36).Conclusions: In Sweden, in the current generation of older drivers, acknowledged driving-impairing medical conditions at the national and European levels remain a concern. After adjustment for one another, all but 2 of the conditions are associated with RTCs albeit to varying degrees and more pronounced in the age group 65–79 compared to 80 or older. To promote and sustain older people's mobility, addressing this issue will require a blend of interventions where, hopefully, technological and infrastructural innovations may help counteracting individual health-related shortcomings. © 2021 The Authors
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| 16. |
- Skyving, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Samband mellan sjukdomar och äldre bilförares inblandning i trafikolyckor
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige är ett av få länder inom EU som inte har obligatoriska hälsokontroller för förare över en viss ålder. Vår motivering är att man inte kunnat påvisa positiva trafiksäkerhetseffekter av sådana kontroller. Den här studien utreder om personbilsförare som är 65 år eller äldre och som har en sjukdomsdiagnos oftare är inblandade i trafikolyckor jämfört med förare i samma ålder och utan diagnos. Forskningsstudien har sin utgångspunkt i de trafikmedicinska föreskrifterna och de 13 diagnosgrupperna som beskrivs i föreskrifternas olika kapitel. För att undersöka om äldre bilförare med en sjukdomsdiagnos har högre olycksrisk än äldre bilförare utan diagnos har vi matchat en fallpopulation på 13 700 olycksinblandade förare som var 65 år eller äldre med en kontrollgrupp. Kontrollgruppen bestod av 26 500 åldersmatchade personer som skulle uppfylla tre krav: ha giltigt B-körkort (personbil), vara bilägare och inte ha varit inblandade i någon trafikolycka. De register som vi använt oss av är Transportstyrelsens olycksdatabas Strada Statistiska centralbyråns befolkningsregister Socialstyrelsens patientregister.Studien begränsas av ett antal faktorer, till exempel att vi saknar uppgift om exponering i trafik och föreskrivna läkemedel, för att nämna några. Det här innebär bland annat att vi inte kan säga om en t. ex. förhöjd sannolikhet för olycka beror på försämrad körförmåga eller att man kör mer bil och att man därmed är mer exponerad i trafiken.
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| 17. |
- Strand, Niklas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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SAFE Move for older drivers : A French-Swedish research initiative
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Faced with the aging of the population, it is crucial for older drivers to keep driving in order to ensure their mobility and autonomy in daily life as long as possible. Driving is an important aspect of maintaining mobility and independence. Driving is a complex task, requiring a range of visual, psychomotor and cognitive abilities. The regulation of driving activity is crucial for continuing to drive in a safe manner. The SAFE MOVE project is based on the hypothesis that a correct estimation of one’s driving ability is necessary to drive safely. The project has identified groups of estimators (correct/under/over) of driving ability by means of questionnaire and driving on-road. Two interventions were tested: simulator-based training program and use of Advanced Driving Assistances Systems (ADAS) on-board vehicle. Both training and the development of ADAS might be two options to support older drivers and prolong their time as active safe drivers.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes among older drivers towards medical assessment at renewal of driving license in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Verlag. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim was to examine attitudes among older adults in Sweden as regards a possible legislation for medical assessment at license renewal depending on their health status (vision and hearing) and gender.Methods: A questionnaire study measuring attitudes towards medical assessments at license renewal and an examination of vision, hearing, and cognitive abilities was conducted by the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute. 109 participants older than 60 years participated in the study (58 women, 51 men). They were categorized into four groups according to their health status: (1) without any visual or hearing impairment, (2) visual impairment, (3) hearing impairment, and (4) visual and hearing impairment. All data collection was performed in a driving assessment situation.Results: The answers showed positive attitudes towards recurring vision test (94% positive) and recurring medical assessments (93% positive). A majority wanted to include tests of visual acuity, contrast vision, and visual field. The most common choice was a starting point of 70 years and an interval of 2–3 years. Gender effects showing that woman were more positive towards some assessment and shorter time intervals between them was revealed. No significant effect of hearing or vision decline was found. Better results on cognitive tests was associated with positive attitudes towards medical testing.Conclusions: The participants were positive towards medical assessments at license renewal, indicating that there is an acceptance in the population for such legislation. Even short intervals such as every two or three years were accepted.
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