| 1. |
- van Bragt, JJMH, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 55:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Christensen, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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Factors controlling large scale variations in methane emissions from wetlands
- 2003
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 30:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [1] Global wetlands are, at estimate ranging 115-237 Tg CH4/yr, the largest single atmospheric source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). We present a dataset on CH4 flux rates totaling 12 measurement years at sites from Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia and Siberia. We find that temperature and microbial substrate availability (expressed as the organic acid concentration in peat water) combined explain almost 100% of the variations in mean annual CH4 emissions. The temperature sensitivity of the CH4 emissions shown suggests a feedback mechanism on climate change that could validate incorporation in further developments of global circulation models.
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| 5. |
- Haapanala, S., et al.
(författare)
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Mountain birch - potentially large source of sesquiterpenes into high latitude atmosphere
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - 1726-4189. ; 6:11, s. 2709-2718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from mountain birches were measured in Abisko, northern Sweden. Mountain birches make up the majority of the tree biomass in Scandinavian high latitudes, a region subject to significant climate warming. The measurements were carried out in two growing seasons. The emissions of four branches, each from a different individual tree, were measured in June-August 2006 and one of them again in July 2007. The measurements were conducted using a dynamic flow through chamber covered with Teflon film. The studied mountain birches were found to emit substantial amounts of linalool, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The monoterpene emission was dominated by sabinene. The magnitude and composition of the sesquiterpene emission changed dramatically between the years. For example, the average alpha-farnesene emission potential in 2006 was almost 2600 ng g(dw)(-1) h(-1) (3.5 pmol g(dw)(-1) s(-1)) while in 2007 alpha-farnesene was not detected at all. Also the emissions of other sesquiterpenes decreased in 2007 to a fraction of that in 2006. One possible explanation for the change in emissions is the herbivory damage that occurred in the area in 2004. Herbivory is known to enhance the emissions of sesquiterpenes, especially those of alpha-farnesene, and the effect may last for several years.
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| 6. |
- Main, Chris J., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation Science and Employer Disability Practices : Embedding Implementation Factors in Research Designs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 26:4, s. 448-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: For work disability research to have an impact on employer policies and practices it is important for such research to acknowledge and incorporate relevant aspects of the workplace. The goal of this article is to summarize recent theoretical and methodological advances in the field of Implementation Science, relate these to research of employer disability management practices, and recommend future research priorities.Methods: The authors participated in a year-long collaboration culminating in an invited 3-day conference, “Improving Research of Employer Practices to Prevent Disability”, held October 14–16, 2015, in Hopkinton, MA, USA. The collaboration included a topical review of the literature, group conference calls to identify key areas and challenges, drafting of initial documents, review of industry publications, and a conference presentation that included feedback from peer researchers and a question/answer session with a special panel of knowledge experts with direct employer experience.Results: A 4-phase implementation model including both outer and inner contexts was adopted as the most appropriate conceptual framework, and aligned well with the set of process evaluation factors described in both the work disability prevention literature and the grey literature. Innovative interventions involving disability risk screening and psychologically-based interventions have been slow to gain traction among employers and insurers. Research recommendations to address this are : (1) to assess organizational culture and readiness for change in addition to individual factors; (2) to conduct process evaluations alongside controlled trials; (3) to analyze decision-making factors among stakeholders; and (4) to solicit input from employers and insurers during early phases of study design.Conclusions: Future research interventions involving workplace support and involvement to prevent disability may be more feasible for implementation if organizational decision-making factors are imbedded in research designs and interventions are developed to take account of these influences.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Young, M. H. H., et al.
(författare)
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Immunosuppression and treatment of rejection in uterus transplantation: Current practice and future potential
- 2019
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Ingår i: Uterus Transplantation. Brännström, M. (red.). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319941622 ; , s. 151-166
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uterus transplantation has recently been introduced as a novel infertility treatment in a small number of centers around the world. In this chapter, the immunosuppressive armamentarium at our current disposal will be discussed. We will also examine recent immunosuppression protocols employed as induction, maintenance, and rejection treatment for uterus transplantation and discuss specific aspects of immunosuppression during pregnancy. Moreover, future aspects of immunosuppression in uterus transplantation will be discussed. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
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| 10. |
- Östraat, Ö., et al.
(författare)
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Thalidomide prolonged graft survival in a rat cardiac transplant model but had no inhibitory effect on lymphocyte function in vitro
- 1996
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Ingår i: Transplant Immunology. - 1878-5492. ; 4:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of thalidomide on in vitro interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and thymidine uptake by human peripheral blood lymphocytes or rat splenocytes were investigated. Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of thalidomide added at culture initiation. No immunosuppressive effect of thalidomide was observed in these experiments. Primary human mixed lymphocyte cultures treated with thalidomide for 6 days were also unaffected. A microsomal rabbit liver homogenate was prepared for metabolizing thalidomide. Stimulated lymphocytes secreted significantly more IL-2 in the presence of microsomal-treated thalidomide than did controls. The effect of thalidomide was then studied either as single therapy or in combination with cyclosporin A (CyA) in a rat allograft cardiac transplantation model. In addition, T cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry in untransplanted rats treated with thalidomide. Treatment was given as induction therapy from the day of transplantation until day 9. Graft survival in rats treated with thalidomide was significantly prolonged compared to the untreated group. No difference in graft survival was detected between rats treated with thalidomide or CyA only. Graft survival was found to be slightly prolonged in rats given thalidomide and CyA in combination compared to rats treated with CyA alone. In untransplanted rats given thalidomide a decrease of CD4 positive T cells was detected on days 3 and 5. The T helper/cytotoxic-suppressor cell ratio was significantly diminished but, after 1 week of treatment, values for T cell subsets had almost returned to baseline levels. No inhibitory effect was obtained when phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated rat splenocytes were cultured with metabolized thalidomide.In summary, the ability of thalidomide to improve allograft survival in a solid organ transplant model was verified. The occurrence of thalidomide-induced changes in T cell subset ratios was demonstrated. In in vitro studies, however, there was no decrease but an increase in IL-2 production, and no change in thymidine uptake. The mechanism responsible for the immunosuppressive effect of thalidomide remains to be elucidated.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Afshari, Alireza, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Ventilation Rate, Ozone and Limonene on Perceived Air Quality in Offices
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Indoor Air 2002 Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study has been to clarify to what extent ozone (03) and 03 !limonene in interaction with surface materials has an impact on the indoor air quality in typical low-polluting offices at various, realistic air change rates. Changes of environmental conditions were performed seven days before the chemical sampling. Organic compounds were collected on Tenax TA adsorbent tubes and the samples were analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass selective detectors. The concentration of Total Volatile Organic Compounds were asexpected found to be inversely proportional to air change rates. Aldehydes and organic acids werefound at increased levels when the air change rate was decreased from 1.0 h1 to 0.3 h1. Increased ventilation rate to 3.0 h1 did not induce additional changes in the chemical composition of aldehydes and organic acids. The fractions of aldehydes and organic acids relative to nonreactive alkanes indicated that chemical transformation in the indoor environment indeed took place; however, it could not be clearly specified whether the chemical changes were of homogeneous or heterogeneous character. The effects of 03 and 03 /limonene in interaction with surface materials in the offices over seven weeks showed different reaction pattems depending material and treatment.
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| 13. |
- Aneheim, Emma, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine - Behavior in chloroform
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted alpha therapy of disseminated cancer is an emerging technique where astatine-211 is one of the most promising candidate nuclides. Although astatine has been known for over 70 years, its chemistry is still largely unexplored, mainly due to the lack of stable or long-lived isotopes. However, substantial amounts of astatine-211 can be produced in cyclotrons by the bombardment of natural bismuth. The astatine can be recovered from the resulting irradiated target material through either wet extraction or dry-distillation. Chloroform has become an important intermediate solvent for the recovery of astatine after production, especially following dry distillation. In this work, the radiochemistry of astatine in chloroform was investigated using evaporation, solvent extraction, chromatographic methods and molecular modeling. The extraction of astatine in chloroform led to the formation of multiple astatine species, allowing for evaporation of the solvent to dryness without any loss of activity. Radiolysis products of chloroform were shown to play an important role in the speciation of astatine forming both reactive and kinetically stable compounds. It was hypothesized that reactions with chlorine, as well as trichloromethyl hydroperoxide, forming polar astatine compounds are important reactions under the current experimental conditions.
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| 14. |
- Arzola, Luis H., et al.
(författare)
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Viabahn-assisted sutureless anastomosis (VASA) repair of a complex internal carotid artery aneurysm
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases and Innovative Techniques. - : Elsevier. - 2468-4287. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (CAAs) are extremely rare and often require surgical intervention to avoid complications such as local compression symptoms and thrombo-embolization. We present the case of a 63-year-old man with a history of hypertension, meningioma, and an incidental finding of a right saccular internal carotid artery aneurysm at the base of the skull. He underwent open surgical repair; nonetheless, end-to-end anastomosis was not feasible. As bailout, the internal carotid artery was successfully reconstructed with a novel Viabahn-assisted sutureless anastomosis technique (GORE, Viabahn). Postoperative clinical assessment revealed no complications, postoperative computed tomography angiography revealed a patent reconstruction, and the patient was discharged home uneventfully with 1-year clinical and computed tomography angiography follow-up without remarks. Hybrid procedure is a viable option for technically challenging carotid anastomoses near the skull base.
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| 15. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish National Multicenter Study on Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary: Prognostic Factors and Impact of Treatment on Survival
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1809-9777 .- 1809-4864. ; 25:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is a rare condition whose prognostic factors that are significant for survival vary between studies. No randomized treatment study has been performed thus far, and the optimal treatment is not established. Objective The present study aimed to explore various prognostic factors and compare the two main treatments for HNCUP: neck dissection and (chemo) radiation vs primary (chemo) radiation. Methods A national multicenter study was performed with data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) and from the patients' medical records from 2008 to 2012. Results Two-hundred and sixty HNCUP patients were included. The tumors were HPVpositive in 80%. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients treated with curative intent was 71%. Age (p < 0.001), performance status (p = 0.036), and N stage (p = 0.046) were significant factors for overall survival according to the multivariable analysis. Treatment with neck dissection and (chemo) radiation (122 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 73%, and treatment with primary (chemo) radiation (87 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 71%, with no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival between the 2 groups. Conclusions Age, performance status, and N stage were significant prognostic factors. Treatment with neck dissection and ( chemo) radiation and primary (chemo)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bengtsson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Expansion pattern and risk of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms that were not operated on
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - 1102-4151. ; 159:9, s. 461-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the outcome of selective management of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, the expansion patterns of the aneurysms, and the factors that influenced the rate of rupture. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Malmo General Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 155 patients (96 men and 59 women) with abdominal aortic aneurysms who were not selected for operation for whatever reason were included in the study immediately after their first ultrasound scan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, expansion rate (mm/year) measured on ultrasound scan, and rate of rupture of aneurysm. RESULTS: Median aneurysmal diameter was 40 mm (range 20-80), and length (n = 106) 70 (range 28-140). The patients were followed up for a median of 3.4 years (range 0-10.2). A total of 107 patients died and in 21 the aneurysms ruptured (4 were operated on and survived). Thirteen patients were re-evaluated and operated on electively. Ultrasonography was repeated in 98 patients, the median expansion rates (mm/year) were 3.1 (diameter) and 1.9 (length). There was a significant linear relationship between initial size (diameter and length) and rate of expansion of diameter. The risk of rupture was greater in larger aneurysms that were expanding more quickly. The cumulative mortality was not affected by the 21 aneurysms that ruptured. CONCLUSION: Selective management of patients with aortic aneurysms is justified.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Boden, K., et al.
(författare)
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Swallowing and respiratory pattern in young healthy individuals recorded with high temporal resolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 21:11, s. 1163-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>The coordination of swallowing and respiration is essential for a safe swallow. Swallowing consists of several subsecond events. To study this, it is important to use modalities with high temporal resolution. In this study, we have examined young healthy individuals with simultaneous videofluoroscopy, videomanometry and respiratory recording, all with high temporal resolution. The onset of 13 predetermined swallowing and respiratory events and the surrounding respiratory phase pattern were studied in different body positions and during different respiratory drives. An increased respiratory drive was induced by breathing 5% CO2. The results demonstrated a highly repeatable and fixed temporal coordination of the swallowing pattern despite body position and respiratory drive. Previous studies have demonstrated a period of centrally controlled apnoea during swallowing. This apnoea period has a variable length, varying from 1 to 5 s. During increased respiratory drive, we could demonstrate a significantly shorter period of apnoea during swallowing, mainly due to an earlier resumption of respiration. The high temporal recordings in this study have revealed that swallowing during expiration is present basically in all healthy individuals. This swallowing respiratory pattern seems to be appropriate for a safe swallow. This knowledge will be used as a reference for future studies on how swallowing and respiratory coordination might be altered due to ageing and diseases.
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| 21. |
- Bülow, Pia H., 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Avstämningsmötet som mötesplats och metod för återgång i arbete - ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten redovisar resultatet av en studie av avstämningsmöten som ett effektivt redskap i den enskildes rehabilitering. Nio avstämningsmöten spelades in på ljudbandspelare och följdes genom deltagande observation. Varje möte har följts upp med intervjuer med samtliga mötesdeltagare. Studerade möten och efterföljande intervjuer har analyserats med frågeställningar utifrån avstämningsmötets kommunikativa processer och deltagarnas upplevelse av mötet och dess betydelse. Analysen visar att de försäkrade har en relativt stor andel av det totala talutrymmet räknat i procent av det antalet ord som yttras under ett möte. Samtidigt visar efterintervjuerna att hälften av de försäkrade upplevde sig stå utanför händelsernas centrum under mötet. Detta uppfattades istället mest som en sak mellan andra deltagande parter såsom mellan Försäkringskassan och arbetsgivaren eller mellan Försäkringskassan och sjukvården. Det tycktes kräva ett relativt stort mått av initiativ från den försäkrade själv för ta aktiv del av mötet. Analysen av interaktionen vid inspelade avstämningsmöten visar att en stor del av mötena utvecklade sig som en slags förhandling där olika ”myndighetsröster” utgick från ”sitt” perspektiv i arbetet med att rehabilitera den försäkrade tillbaka till arbete. Under förhandlingen i mer okomplicerade fall tenderade handläggarna från Försäkringskassan snabbt acceptera de hinder för att förkorta rehabiliteringsprocessen som arbetsgivaren, stödd av den försäkrade, presenterade. I mer komplicerade fall tycks sjukvården utgöra den främsta gränspostering som legitimerar vid vilken tidpunkt och i vilken utsträckning arbetsåtergång är möjlig. I diskussioner omkring individens arbetsförmåga dominerade aspekter som fysisk arbetsoförmåga hos individen tillsammans med fysiska hinder på arbetsplatsen. Andra aspekter av arbetsförmåga så som motivation, social förmåga, kompetens etc. diskuterades i ringa utsträckning om alls. Trots intentionen att avstämningsmöten ska bygga på samverkan mellan olika parter involverade i individens sjukskrivnings- och rehabiliteringsprocess tycks det finnas en väsentlig potential för förbättring av samordningen mellan framför allt Försäkringskassan och sjukvården, men även mellan Försäkringskassan och arbetsförmedlingen. En annan möjlighet till förbättring som framträder är hur resultatet av SASSAM-kartläggningen praktiskt kommer till användning under mötet för att öppna för en diskussion omkring resurser snarare än hinder och om arbetsförmåga ur ett flerdimensionellt perspektiv. Generellt saknades diskussioner om den försäkrades arbetsförmåga i relation till arbeten på arbetsmarknaden i stort. Utifrån studiens resultat finns fog för fortsatt diskussion om avstämningsmötet ska vara den självklara metoden i alla sjukfall som överstiger en viss tidsgräns eller om det behövs en differentiering av såväl mötets upplägg och syfte som vilka som kommer ifråga för ett sådant möte. Mer varierande och målgruppsanpassade möten med en tydlig målsättning om samverkan och samarbete mellan medverkande parter skulle sannolikt öka mötets effektivitet och meningsfullhet. Färre avstämningsmöten skulle ge utrymme för större satsning på möten omkring försäkrade med svårare problematik. Det skulle vidare öka möjligheten för handläggare att specialisera sig också utifrån den problematik som gäller för olika grupper av försäkrade.
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| 22. |
- Cantarovich, M, et al.
(författare)
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First global forum on education on organ donation and transplantation for schools.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pediatric Transplantation. - : Wiley. - 1399-3046 .- 1397-3142.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transplantation Society, in collaboration with the Canadian Society of Transplantation, organized a forum on education on ODT for schools. The forum included participants from around the world, school boards, and representatives from different religions. Participants presented on their countries' experience in the area of education on ODT. Working groups discussed about technologies for education, principles for sharing of resources globally, and relationships between education, and health authorities and non-governmental organizations. The forum concluded with a discussion about how to best help existing programs and those wishing to start educational programs on ODT.
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| 23. |
- Cedborg, A. I. Hardemark, et al.
(författare)
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Breathing and swallowing in normal man - effects of changes in body position, bolus types, and respiratory drive
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 22:11, s. 1201-1201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Coordination of breathing and swallowing is essential for airway protection and dyscoordination may cause morbidity and mortality. Methods Using a recently developed technique for high accuracy respiratory measurements of airflow during swallowing, we investigated the effects of body position (upright vs left lateral), bolus type (spontaneously swallowed saliva vs water), and respiratory drive (normo- vs hypercapnia) on coordination of breathing and swallowing in 32 healthy volunteers. Key Results Swallows were in all cases (100%) proceded by expiration and 98% were also followed by expiration, regardless of body position, bolus type, or respiratory drive. While the endpoint of postswallow apnea correlated well to the endpoint of pharyngeal swallowing, duration of preswallow apnea was highly variable. In a small fraction of swallows followed by inspiration (3%), the expiratory phase before swallowing and duration of postswallow apnea was significantly longer. Body position and respiratory drive affected the increase in upper esophageal sphincter tone during inspiration. Increased respiratory drive also reduced swallowing frequency and shortened duration of preswallow apnea. Water swallows had longer duration of preswallow apnea. Conclusions & Inferences Swallowing occurs during the expiratory phase of respiration, and the fraction of swallows preceded and followed by expiration approach 100% in healthy humans. This integration between breathing and swallowing remains unchanged regardless of body position, bolus characteristics, or respiratory drive. Our results provide a platform for future studies aiming at understanding how this integration is changed by aging, diseases, and drugs.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ekberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Isoprene emission from wetland sedges
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - 1726-4189. ; 6:4, s. 601-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High latitude wetlands play an important role for the surface-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), but fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in these ecosystems have to date not been extensively studied. This is despite BVOC representing a measurable proportion of the total gaseous C fluxes at northern locations and in the face of the high temperature sensitivity of these systems that requires a much improved process understanding to interpret and project possible changes in response to climate warming. We measured emission of isoprene and photosynthetic gas exchange over two growing seasons (2005-2006) in a subarctic wetland in northern Sweden with the objective to identify the physiological and environmental controls of these fluxes on the leaf scale. The sedge species Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rostrata were both emitters of isoprene. Springtime emissions were first detected after an accumulated diurnal mean temperature above 0 degrees C of about 100 degree days. Maximum measured growing season standardized (basal) emission rates (20 degrees C, 1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) were 1075 (2005) and 1118 (2006) mu g Cm-2 (leaf area) h(-1) in E. angustifolium, and 489 (2005) and 396 (2006) mu g Cm(-2)h(-1) in C. rostrata. Over the growing season, basal isoprene emission varied in response to the temperature history of the last 48 h. Seasonal basal isoprene emission rates decreased with leaf nitrogen (N), which may be explained by the typical growth and resource allocation pattern of clonal sedges as the leaves age. The observations were used to model emissions over the growing season, accounting for effects of temperature history, links to leaf assimilation rate and the light and temperature dependencies of the cold-adapted sedges.
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| 27. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Extraction of At-211 from nitric acid solutions into various organic solvents for use as an alpha-source for radiation chemistry studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 314:1, s. 235-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The partitioning of At-211 from an irradiated bismuth target using solvent extraction into several organic solvents is presented. Although astatine speciation is difficult to measure given its invariably low chemical concentration its extraction here is consistent with the existence of a cationic species in nitric acid that is not reduced upon contact with the organic phase. This is consistent with previous work that postulated the most probable species in acidic solution as AtO+. The technique presented has a simple experimental set up and provides high specific activity astatine solutions compatible for use in alpha-radiolysis studies.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Ekberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Calcineurin Inhibitor Minimization in the Symphony Study: Observational Results 3 Years after Transplantation.
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135. ; 9, s. 1876-1885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Symphony study showed that at 1 year posttransplant, a regimen based on daclizumab induction, 2 g mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), low-dose tacrolimus and steroids resulted in better renal function and lower acute rejection and graft loss rates compared with three other regimens: two with low-doses of cyclosporine or sirolimus instead of tacrolimus and one with no induction and standard cyclosporine dosage. This is an observational follow-up for 2 additional years with the same endpoints as the core study. Overall, 958 patients participated in the follow-up. During the study, many patients changed their immunosuppressive regimen (e.g. switched from sirolimus to tacrolimus), but the vast majority (95%) remained on MMF. During the follow-up, renal function remained stable (mean change: -0.6 ml/min), and rates of death, graft loss and acute rejection were low (all about 1% per year). The MMF and low-dose tacrolimus arm continued to have the highest GFR (68.6 +/- 23.8 ml/min vs. 65.9 +/- 26.2 ml/min in the standard-dose cyclosporine, 64.0 +/- 23.1 ml/min in the low-dose cyclosporine and 65.3 +/- 26.2 ml/min in the low-dose sirolimus arm), but the difference with the other arms was not significant (p = 0.17 in an overall test and 0.077, 0.039 and 0.11, respectively, in pair-wise tests). The MMF and low-dose tacrolimus arm also had the highest graft survival rate, but with reduced differences between groups over time, and the least acute rejection rate. In the Symphony study, the largest ever prospective study in de novo kidney transplantation, over 3 years, daclizumab induction, MMF, steroids and low-dose tacrolimus proved highly efficacious, without the negative effects on renal function commonly reported for standard CNI regimens.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Ekberg, H, et al.
(författare)
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Similar treatment success rate after renal transplantation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients due to improved short- and long-term diabetic patient survival
- 1996
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Ingår i: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. - 0934-0874. ; 9:6, s. 64-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the early era of transplantation, it was common practice to exclude diabetic patients since the outcome in such cases was usually poor. At our center in Malmö, Sweden, diabetic nephropathy was never regarded as a contraindication. During the 22-year period from 1972 to 1993, 223 renal allografts were transplanted in 189 uremic diabetics, representing 24% of all renal transplant recipients (n = 788). The two subgroups - patients with and without diabetes - did not differ significantly in graft survival rates for the 22-year period, which was characterized by a successive improvement in the success rate that was especially striking in the diabetic nephropathy subgroup. Among transplantations performed before 1988, the overall patient survival rate was significantly lower in the diabetic subgroup than in the remainder. After 1988 (when a series of new procedures had been adopted), the patient survival rate in the diabetic subgroup was similar to that in the nondiabetic subgroup, a similarity that persisted for at least 5 years. The 1st year post-transplant mortality rate was reduced in diabetic patients from 24% before 1988 to 0% in those transplanted after 1988. In the 22-year period as a whole, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events were the most common cause of death in both subgroups; the risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular death was reduced after 1988, and the rates were similar in both subgroups. The improved success rate of renal transplantation in patients with diabetic nephropathy supports continuation of the renal transplant program, which is based on careful management of the early stages of the disease.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ekberg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Contributions by kidney and liver to glucose production in the postabsorptive state and after 60 h of fasting
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 48:2, s. 292-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contributions of renal glucose production to whole-body glucose turnover were determined in healthy individuals by using the arteriovenous balance technique across the kidneys and the splanchnic area combined with intravenous infusion of [U-13C6]glucose, [3-(3)H]glucose, or [6-(3)H]glucose. In the postabsorptive state, the rate of glucose appearance was 11.5 +/- 0.6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1). Hepatic glucose production, calculated as the sum of net glucose output (9.8 +/- 0.8 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and splanchnic glucose uptake (2.2 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) accounted for the entire rate of glucose appearance. There was no net exchange of glucose across the kidney and no significant renal extraction of labeled glucose. The renal contribution to total glucose production calculated from the arterial, hepatic, and renal venous 13C-enrichments (glucose M+6) was 5 +/- 2%. In the 60-h fasted state, the rate of glucose appearance was 8.2 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1). Hepatic glucose production, estimated as net splanchnic output (5.8 +/- 0.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) plus splanchnic uptake (0.6 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) accounted for 79% of the rate of glucose appearance. There was a significant net renal output of glucose (0.9 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), but no significant extraction of labeled glucose across the kidney. The renal contribution to whole-body glucose turnover calculated from the 13C-enrichments was 24 +/- 3%. We concluded that 1) glucose production by the human kidney in the postabsorptive state, in contrast to recent reports, makes at most only a minor contribution (approximately 5%) to blood glucose homeostasis, but that 2) after 60-h of fasting, renal glucose production may account for 20-25% of whole-body glucose turnover.
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| 37. |
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| 40. |
- Ekberg, NR, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of normalized HbA1c after gastric bypass surgery in subjects with abnormal glucose levels, a 2-year follow-up study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 15127-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical biomarkers can predict normalization of HbA1c after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, but it is unclear which are the most predictive.The aim of this study was to compare biomarkers for insulin sensitivity and other clinical parameters in the prediction of normalization of HbA1c after RYGB surgery. This study included 99 (23 men) obese subjects (BMI > 35 kg/m2) undergoing a laparoscopic RYGB. Clinical and biochemical examinations were performed pre-operatively and up to 2 years after surgery. Pre-operatively, normal fasting glucose levels were found in 25 individuals (NG), prediabetes in 46 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in 28. At baseline IGF-I (SD), IGFBP-1 and adiponectin levels were low while leptin was high. Weight loss was observed in all three groups, most in the prediabetes group. After 2 years HbA1c was decreased in prediabetes and T2DM. In all three groups insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids and blood pressure improved, IGFBP-1 and adiponectin increased and leptin decreased. IGF-I (SD) increased only in T2DM. In those with prediabetes or T2DM (n = 74), HbA1c at 2 years correlated to baseline BMI (r = -0.27, p = 0.028), age (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and IGFBP-1 (r = 0.25, p = 0.038), and was normalized in 45/74 (61%) at 1 year and in 36 subjects (49%) at 2 years. These responders were younger, had higher BMI, larger waist circumference, lower HbA1c and lower IGFBP-1 levels at baseline. In a multiple regression model age (negative, p = 0.021) and waist circumference (positive, p = 0.047) were the only predictors for normalized HbA1c. RYGB normalized HbA1c in 49% at two years follow-up, which was predicted by low baseline IGFBP-1 level, a marker of hepatic insulin sensitivty and insulin secretion. However,. younger age and larger waist circumference were the only predictors of normalized HbA1c in multivariate analysis.
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| 41. |
- Ekberg, NR, et al.
(författare)
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Protective Effect of the HIF-1A Pro582Ser Polymorphism on Severe Diabetic Retinopathy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of diabetes research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6753 .- 2314-6745. ; 2019, s. 2936962-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Hypoxia is central in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the key mediator in cellular oxygen homeostasis that facilitates the adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 is repressed by hyperglycemia contributing by this to the development of complications in diabetes. Recent work has shown that the HIF-1A Pro582Ser polymorphism is more resistant to hyperglycemia-mediated repression, thus protecting against the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we have investigated the effect of the HIF-1A Pro582Ser polymorphism on the development of DR and further dissected the mechanisms by which the polymorphism confers a relative resistance to the repressive effect of hyperglycemia. Research Design and Method. 703 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus from one endocrine department were included in the study. The degree of retinopathy was correlated to the HIF-1A Pro582Ser polymorphism. The effect of glucose on a stable HIF-1A construct with a Pro582Ser mutation was evaluated in vitro. Results. We identified a protective effect of HIF-1A Pro582Ser against developing severe DR with a risk reduction of 95%, even when adjusting for known risk factors for DR such as diabetes duration, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. The Pro582Ser mutation does not cancel the destabilizing effect of glucose but is followed by an increased transactivation activity even in high glucose concentrations. Conclusion. The HIF-1A genetic polymorphism has a protective effect on the development of severe DR. Moreover, the relative resistance of the HIF-1A Pro582Ser polymorphism to the repressive effect of hyperglycemia is due to the transactivation activity rather than the protein stability of HIF-1α.
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| 42. |
- Ekberg, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A distributed swarm-intelligent localization for sensor networks with mobile nodes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proc. 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9781424495399 ; , s. 83-88
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel distributed localization algorithm, called Swarm-Intelligent Localization (SIL), for computing the physical locations of nodes in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm assumes that only a small fraction of the nodes have a priori knowledge of their positions, and that noisy distance measurements are available between all neighboring nodes. The algorithm has no explicit global state and it can handle nodes that are both mobile and that can arrive in the network at any time. SIL works in two different phases, a coarse phase where nodes compute rough positions for themselves based on information about remote anchors, and a fine phase where nodes iteratively refine their positions from the coarse phase by collaborating with their neighbors. The average computational complexity per node running SIL is very low, namely constant in the network size and linear in the connectivity of the network. We evaluate the algorithm through extensive simulations. The results indicate that SIL is able to compute accurate positions for the majority of nodes in a wide range of network topologies and settings, and that it can handle difficulties such as large distance measurement errors and low network connectivity.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hakansson, K, et al.
(författare)
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MR imaging in clinically suspected acute cholecystitis. A comparison with ultrasonography
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 41:4, s. 322-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The diagnostic value of fast pulse sequences in MR imaging was compared with US in patients with clinically suspected acute cholecystitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective study of 94 patients, 35 were examined with both MR and US within 24 h. RESULTS: MR diagnoses were acute cholecystitis in 23, gallbladder and common bile duct stones in 3, other pathologic conditions of the abdomen in 7 and normal in 2 patients. US diagnoses were acute cholecystitis in 17, gallbladder stones in 8, other pathologic conditions of the abdomen in 2, normal in 5 and non-conclusive in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: MR has a higher sensitivity than US for diagnosing acute cholecystitis and, with increased accessibility, may be the first imaging method.
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| 50. |
- Hallqvist, Andreas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrent cetuximab and radiotherapy after docetaxel-cisplatin induction chemotherapy in stage III NSCLC : Satellite-A phase II study from the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5002 .- 1872-8332. ; 71:2, s. 166-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several attempts to increase the locoregional control in locally advanced lung cancer including concurrent chemotherapy, accelerated fractionation and dose escalation have been made during the last years. As the EGFR directed antibody cetuximab has shown activity concurrent with radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, as well as in stage IV NSCLC combined with chemotherapy, we wanted to investigate radiotherapy with concurrent cetuximab in locally advanced NSCLC, a tumour type often over expressing the EGF-receptor. Methods: Between February 2006 and August 2007 75 patients in stage Ill NSCLC with good performance status (PS 0 or 1) and adequate lung function (FEV1 > 1.0) were enrolled in this phase II study at eight institutions. Treatment consisted of 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy, docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) with 3 weeks interval. An initial dose of cetuximab 400 mg/m(2) was given before start of 3D-CRT to 68 Gy with 2 Gy per fraction in 7 weeks concurrent with weekly cetuximab 250 mg/m(2). Toxicity was scored weekly during radiotherapy (CTC 3.0), and after treatment the patients were followed every third month with CT-scans, toxicity scoring and QLQ. Results: Seventy-one patients were eligible for analysis as four were incorrectly enrolled. Histology: adenocarcinoma 49%, squamous cell carcinoma 39% and other NSCLC 12%. The majority had PS 0 (62.5%), median age 62.2 (42-81), 50% were women and 37% had a pre-treatment weight loss > 5%. Toxicity: esophagitis grade 1-2: 72%; grade 3:1.4%. Hypersensitivity reactions grade 3-4: 5.6%. Febrile neutropenia grade 3-4: 15.4%. Skin reactions grade 1-2: 74%; grade 3: 4.2%. Diarrhoea grade 1-2: 38%; grade 3: 11.3%. Pneumonitis grade 1-2: 26.8%; grade 3: 4.2%; grade 5:1.4%. The median follow-up was 39 months for patients alive and the median survival was 17 months with a 1-, 2- and 3-year OS of 66%, 37% and 29% respectively. Until now local or regional failure has occurred in 20 patients and 22 patients have developed distant metastases. Weight loss, PS and stage were predictive for survival in univariate as well as in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent cetuximab and RT to 68 Gy is clearly feasible with promising survival. Toxicity, e.g. pneumonitis and esophagitis is low compared to most schedules with concurrent chemotherapy. This treatment strategy should be evaluated in a randomised manner vs. concurrent chemoradiotherapy to find out if it is a valid treatment option.
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