| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Schmied, C., et al.
(författare)
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Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analyses
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Methods. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 21:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Images document scientific discoveries and are prevalent in modern biomedical research. Microscopy imaging in particular is currently undergoing rapid technological advancements. However, for scientists wishing to publish obtained images and image-analysis results, there are currently no unified guidelines for best practices. Consequently, microscopy images and image data in publications may be unclear or difficult to interpret. Here, we present community-developed checklists for preparing light microscopy images and describing image analyses for publications. These checklists offer authors, readers and publishers key recommendations for image formatting and annotation, color selection, data availability and reporting image-analysis workflows. The goal of our guidelines is to increase the clarity and reproducibility of image figures and thereby to heighten the quality and explanatory power of microscopy data. Community-developed checklists offer best-practice guidance for biologists preparing light microscopy images and describing image analyses for publications.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Niespodziana, K, et al.
(författare)
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PreDicta chip-based high resolution diagnosis of rhinovirus-induced wheeze
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1, s. 2382-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhinovirus (RV) infections are major triggers of acute exacerbations of severe respiratory diseases such as pre-school wheeze, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The occurrence of numerous RV types is a major challenge for the identification of the culprit virus types and for the improvement of virus type-specific treatment strategies. Here, we develop a chip containing 130 different micro-arrayed RV proteins and peptides and demonstrate in a cohort of 120 pre-school children, most of whom had been hospitalized due to acute wheeze, that it is possible to determine the culprit RV species with a minute blood sample by serology. Importantly, we identify RV-A and RV-C species as giving rise to most severe respiratory symptoms. Thus, we have generated a chip for the serological identification of RV-induced respiratory illness which should be useful for the rational development of preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the most important RV types.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Horta, Marilyn, et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin alters patterns of brain activity and amygdalar connectivity by age during dynamic facial emotion identification
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 78, s. 42-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging is associated with increased difficulty in facial emotion identification, possibly due to age-related network change. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) facilitates emotion identification, but this is understudied in aging. To determine the effects of OT on dynamic facial emotion identification across adulthood, 46 young and 48 older participants self-administered intranasal OT or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind procedure. Older participants were slower and less accurate in identifying emotions. Although there was no behavioral treatment effect, partial least squares analysis supported treatment effects on brain patterns during emotion identification that varied by age and emotion. For young participants, OT altered the processing of sadness and happiness, whereas for older participants, OT only affected the processing of sadness (15.3% covariance, p = 0.004). Furthermore, seed partial least squares analysis showed that older participants in the OT group recruited a large-scale amygdalar network that was positively correlated for anger, fear, and happiness, whereas older participants in the placebo group recruited a smaller, negatively correlated network (7% covariance, p = 0.002). Advancing the literature, these findings show that OT alters brain activity and amygdalar connectivity by age and emotion.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ziaei, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Amygdala functional network during recognition of own-age vs. other-age faces in younger and older adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 129, s. 10-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Facial cues, such as a person's age, provide important information for social interactions. Processing such facial cues can be affected by observer bias. However, there is currently no consensus regarding how the brain is processing facial cues related to age, and if facial age processing changes as a function of the age of the observer (i.e., own-age bias). The primary study aim was to investigate functional networks involved in processing own-age vs. other-age faces among younger and older adults and determine how emotional expression of the face modulates own-age vs. other-age face processing. The secondary study aim was to examine the relation between higher social cognitive processes (i.e., empathy) and modulation of brain activity by facial age and emotional expression. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) younger and older participants were asked to recognize happy, angry, and neutral expressions in own-age and other-age faces. Functional connectivity analyses with the amygdala as seed showed that for own-age faces both age groups recruited a network of regions including the anterior cingulate and anterior insula that was involved in empathy and detection of salient information. Brain-behavior analyses furthermore showed that empathic responses in younger, but not in older, participants were positively correlated with engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex during processing of angry own-age faces. These findings identify the neurobehavioral correlates of facial age processing, and its modulation by emotion expression, and directly link facial cue processing to higher-order social cognitive functioning.
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| 14. |
- Ziaei, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Neural correlates of affective empathy in aging : A multimodal imaging and multivariate approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. - : Routledge. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 29:3, s. 577-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empathy is one such social-cognitive capacity that undergoes age-related change. C urrently, however, not well understood is the structural and functional neurocircuitry underlying age-related differences in empathy. This study aimed to delineate brain structural and functional networks that subserve affective empathic response in younger and older adults using a modified version of the Multifaceted Empathy Task to both positive and negative emotions. Combining multimodal neuroimaging with multivariate partial least square analysis resulted in two novel findings in older but not younger adults: (a) faster empathic responding to negative emotions was related to greater fractional anisotropy of the anterior cingulum and greater functional activity of the anterior cingulate network; (b) however, empathic responding to positive emotions was related to greater fractional anisotropy of the posterior cingulum and greater functional activity of the posterior cingulate network. Such differentiation of structural and functional networks might have critical implications for prosocial behavior and social connections among older adults.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cortes, Diana S., et al.
(författare)
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Age-Related Differences in Evaluation of Social Attributes From Computer-Generated Faces of Varying Intensity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 34:5, s. 686-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In everyday life throughout the life span, people frequently evaluate faces to obtain information crucial for social interactions. We investigated age-related differences in judgments of a wide range of social attributes based on facial appearance. Seventy-one younger and 60 older participants rated 196 computer-generated faces that systematically varied in facial features such as shape and reflectance to convey different intensity levels of seven social attributes (i.e., attractiveness, competence, dominance, extraversion, likeability, threat, and trustworthiness). Older compared to younger participants consistently gave higher attractiveness ratings to faces representing both high and low levels of attractiveness. Older participants were also less sensitive to the likeability of faces and tended to evaluate faces representing low likeability as more likable. The age groups did, however, not differ substantially in their evaluations of the other social attributes. Results are in line with previous research showing that aging is associated with preference toward positive and away from negative information and extend this positivity effect to social perception of faces.
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| 17. |
- Cortes, Diana S., et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin may facilitate neural recruitment in medial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus during emotion recognition in young but not older adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 Cognitive Aging Conference. ; , s. 22-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal adult aging is associated with decline in some socioemotional abilities, such as the ability to recognize emotions in others, and age-related neurobiological processes may contribute to these deficits. There is increasing evidence that the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a key role in social cognition, including emotion recognition. The mechanisms through which oxytocin promotes emotion recognition are not well understood yet, and particularly in aging. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled within-subjects design, we investigated the extent to which a single dose of 40 IU of intranasal oxytocin facilitates emotion recognition in 40 younger (M = 24.90 yrs., SD = 2.97, 48% women) and 40 older (M = 69.70 yrs., SD = 2.99, 55% women) men and women. During two fMRI sessions, participants viewed dynamic positive and negative emotional displays. Preliminary analyses show that younger participants recognized positive and negative emotions more accurately than older participants (p < .001), with this behavioral effect not modulated by oxytocin. In the brain data, however, we found an age x treatment interaction in medial prefrontal cortex (xyz [14, 14, 6], p = .007) and superior temporal gyrus (xyz [53, 9, 2], p = .031). In particular, oxytocin (vs. placebo) reduced activity in these regions for older participants, while it enhanced activity in these regions for younger participants. In line with previous research, these findings support the notion that the effects of oxytocin vary by context and individual factors (e.g., social proficiency, age).
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| 18. |
- Cortes S., Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Does single-dose intranasal oxytocin facilitate neural recruitment in younger and older adults during negative compared to positive dynamic multimodal expressions?
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal adult aging is associated with a decline in socioemotional abilities, and underlying these deficits are age-related neurobiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a key role in social cognition, specifically in the ability to recognize emotions. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled within-subjects design, we investigated the extent to which a single dose of 40 IU of intranasal oxytocin facilitates neural recruitment in younger and older adults during negative compared to positive dynamic multimodal expressions. Based on the literature, several regions of interest were selected prior analyses: insula, amygdala, caudate head, fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Behavioral data showed that younger adults outperformed older adults. and higher accuracy scores were observed during the PL condition compared to the OT condition. This was further qualified by the brain data, where OT induced brain activity reductions in the fusiform gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex in response to negative compared to positive expressions. Both age groups showed hypoactivity in most regions of interest during auditory stimuli compared to visual and multimodal stimuli. In line with previous research, these findings suggest that the effects of oxytocin may vary due to context, social proficiency, and individual factors (i.e. age). Future studies should target how age, presentation modality, and oxytocin interact.
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| 19. |
- Ebner, Natalie C., et al.
(författare)
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Emotion and Aging : Evidence from Brain and Behavior
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotions play a central role in every human life from the moment we are born until we die. They prepare the body for action, highlight what should be noticed and remembered, and guide decisions and actions. As emotions are central to daily functioning, it is important to understand how aging affects perception, memory, experience, as well as regulation of emotions. The Frontiers research topic Emotion and Aging: Evidence from Brain and Behavior takes a step into uncovering emotional aging considering both brain and behavioral processes. The contributions featured in this issue adopt innovative theoretical perspectives and use novel methodological approaches to target a variety of topics that can be categorized into three overarching questions: How do cognition and emotion interact in aging in brain and behavior? What are behavioral and brain-related moderators of emotional aging? Does emotion-regulatory success as reflected in brain and behavior change with age? In this perspective paper we discuss theoretical innovation, methodological approach, and scientific advancement of the thirteen papers in the context of the broader literature on emotional aging. We conclude by reflecting on topics untouched and future directions to take.
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| 20. |
- Ebner, Natalie C., et al.
(författare)
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Neural mechanisms of reading facial emotions in young and older adults
- 2012
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 3:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to read and appropriately respond to emotions in others is central for successful social interaction. Young and older adults are better at identifying positive than negative facial expressions and also expressions of young than older faces. Little, however, is known about the neural processes associated with reading different emotions, particularly in faces of different ages, in samples of young and older adults. During fMRI, young and older participants identified expressions in happy, neutral, and angry young and older faces. The results suggest a functional dissociation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in reading facial emotions that is largely comparable in young and older adults: Both age groups showed greater vmPFC activity to happy compared to angry or neutral faces, which was positively correlated with expression identification for happy compared to angry faces. In contrast, both age groups showed greater activity in dmPFC to neutral or angry than happy faces which was negatively correlated with expression identification for neutral compared to happy faces. A similar region of dmPFC showed greater activity for older than young faces, but no brain-behavior correlations. Greater vmPFC activity in the present study may reflect greater affective processing involved in reading happy compared to neutral or angry faces. Greater dmPFC activity may reflect more cognitive control involved in decoding and/or regulating negative emotions associated with neutral or angry than happy, and older than young, faces.
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| 21. |
- Ebner, N. C., et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin and socioemotional aging: Current knowledge and future trends
- 2013
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5161. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxytocin (OT) system is involved in various aspects of social cognition and prosocial behavior. Specifically, OT has been examined in the context of social memory, emotion recognition, cooperation, trust, empathy, and bonding, and-though evidence is somewhat mixed-intranasal OT appears to benefit aspects of socioemotional functioning. However, most of the extant data on aging and OT is from animal research and human OT research has focused largely on young adults. As such, though we know that various socioemotional capacities change with age, we know little about whether age-related changes in the OT system may underlie age-related differences in socioemotional functioning. In this review, we take a genetic-neuro-behavioral approach and evaluate current evidence on age-related changes in the OT system as well as the putative effects of these alterations on age-related socioemotional functioning. Looking forward, we identify informational gaps and propose an Age-Related Genetic, Neurobiological, Sociobehavioral Model of Oxytocin (AGeNeS-OT model) which may structure and inform investigations into aging-related genetic, neural, and sociocognitive processes related to OT. As an exemplar of the use of the model, we report exploratory data suggesting differences in socioemotional processing associated with genetic variation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in samples of young and older adults. Information gained from this arena has translational potential in depression, social stress, and anxiety-all of which have high relevance in aging-and may contribute to reducing social isolation and improving well-being of individuals across the lifespan.
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| 22. |
- Ebner, Natalie C., et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin modulates meta-mood as a function of age and sex
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attending to and understanding one's own feelings are components of meta mood and constitute important socio-affective skills across the entire lifespan. Growing evidence suggests a modulatory role of the neuropeptide oxytocin on various socio-affective processes. Going beyond previous work that almost exclusively examined young men and perceptions of emotions in others, the current study investigated effects of intranasal oxytocin on meta-mood in young and older men and women. In a double-blind between-group design, participants were randomly assigned to self-administer either intranasal oxytocin or a placebo before responding to items from the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) about attention to feelings and clarity of feelings. In contrast to older women, oxytocin relative to placebo increased attention to feelings in older men. Oxytocin relative to placebo enhanced meta-mood in young female participants but reduced it in older female participants. This pattern of findings supports an age- and sex-differential modulatory function of the neuropeptide oxytocin on meta-mood, possibly associated with neurobiological differences with age and sex.
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| 23. |
- Ebner, Natalie C., et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin’s effect on resting-state functional connectivity varies by age and sex
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 69, s. 50-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a role in social cognition and affective processing. The neural processes underlying these effects are not well understood. Modulation of connectivity strength between subcortical and cortical regions has been suggested as one possible mechanism. The current study investigated effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as two regions involved in social-cognitive and affective processing. Going beyond previous work that largely examined young male participants, our study comprised young and older men and women to identify age and sex variations in oxytocin’s central processes. This approach was based on known hormonal differences among these groups and emerging evidence of sex differences in oxytocin’s effects on amygdala reactivity and age-by-sex-modulated effects of oxytocin in affective processing. In a double-blind design, 79 participants were randomly assigned to self-administer either intranasal oxytocin or placebo before undergoing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a targeted region-to-region approach, resting-state functional connectivity strength between bilateral amygdala and mPFC was examined. Participants in the oxytocin compared to the placebo group and men compared to women had overall greater amygdala–mPFC connectivity strength at rest. These main effects were qualified by a significant three-way interaction: while oxytocin compared to placebo administration increased resting-state amygdala–mPFC connectivity for young women, oxytocin did not significantly influence connectivity in the other age-by-sex subgroups. This study provides novel evidence of age-by-sex differences in how oxytocin modulates resting-state brain connectivity, furthering our understanding of how oxytocin affects brain networks at rest.
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| 24. |
- Ebner, Natalie C., et al.
(författare)
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Processing own-age vs. other-age faces : Neuro-behavioral correlates and effects of emotion
- 2013
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 78, s. 363-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age constitutes a salient feature of a face and signals group membership. There is evidence of greater attention to and better memory for own-age than other-age faces. However, little is known about the neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying processing differences for own-age vs. other-age faces. Even less is known about the impact of emotion expressed in faces on such own-age effects. Using fMRI, the present study examined brain activity while young and older adult participants identified expressions of neutral, happy, and angry young and older faces. Across facial expressions, medial prefrontal cortex, insula, and (for older participants) amygdala showed greater activity to own-age than other-age faces. These own-age effects in ventral medial prefrontal cortex and insula held for neutral and happy faces, but not for angry faces. This novel and intriguing finding suggests that processing of negative facial emotions under some conditions overrides age-of-face effects.
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| 25. |
- Ebner, Natalie C., et al.
(författare)
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Studying the various facets of emotional aging
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To study emotional aging is to study a very multi-faceted concept. In particular, the study of emotion and aging covers a wide range of topics. Taking a closer look, domains of functioning can be differentiated such as pertaining to the experiential nature of emotion or its regulation, as well as social-cognitive processes associated with the perception of emotion in others or emotion-related attention and memory retrieval. Importantly, evidence over the last two decades suggests that not all of these functional domains are negatively affected by the aging process. Rather late-life development in emotion-related functional domains is characterized by multi-directionality, in that aging seems to be associated with deterioration in abilities related to emotion perception and increased difficulty remembering (particularly negative compared to positive) emotional information, while emotional experience and emotion-regulatory capacities appear to remain relatively preserved or even improve with age.
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| 26. |
- Fischer, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Divergent effects of oxytocin in men and women : Increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activity to negative emotion displays in men but not in women
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a prominent role in social and emotional cognition. Findings suggest that intranasal oxytocin administration facilitates emotion recognition in humans, but individual and contextual differences may have moderating effects. A major caveat in this line of work is its predominant focus on young males, which limits current knowledge and generalizability across gender. To uncover potential gender effects, the present study included 32 men (mean age 45.78, sd. 22.87) and 39 women (mean 47.87, sd. 22.59). Utilizing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design, participants self-administered a single-dose of 40 IUs intranasal oxytocin 40 minutes prior to completion of a dynamic emotion recognition task in the MRI scanning. The task paradigm used positive and negative stimuli from the Geneva Multimodal Emotion Portrayals Core Set. Preliminary analyses show that oxytocin induced dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activity reductions during exposure to negative (relative to positive) stimuli in women, while dmPCF activity was increased under this condition in men. We observed no effect of sex in the behavioral data, however, the results show a similar trend as in brain data. We speculate that the effects of oxytocin on brain activity during emotion recognition may be related to emotion-regulatory and mentalization processes. The observed gender-differential modulatory role of oxytocin raises concern of a bias in the previous oxytocin literature on emotion recognition and associated brain activity by neglecting women in the examination. Next, we will determine the role of age effects on gender-bytreatment interactions, as well as consider modality of the emotion stimulus presentation.
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| 27. |
- Fischer, Håkan, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Why the Single-N Design Should Be the Default in Affective Neuroscience
- 2024
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Ingår i: Affective Science. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-2041 .- 2662-205X. ; 5:1, s. 62-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies in affective neuroscience rely on statistical procedures designed to estimate population averages and base their main conclusions on group averages. However, the obvious unit of analysis in affective neuroscience is the individual, not the group, because emotions are individual phenomena that typically vary across individuals. Conclusions based on group averages may therefore be misleading or wrong, if interpreted as statements about emotions of an individual, or meaningless, if interpreted as statements about the group, which has no emotions. We therefore advocate the Single-N design as the default strategy in research on emotions, testing one or several individuals extensively with the primary purpose of obtaining results at the individual level. In neuroscience, the equivalent to the Single-N design is deep imaging, the emerging trend of extensive measurements of activity in single brains. Apart from the fact that individuals react differently to emotional stimuli, they also vary in shape and size of their brains. Group-based analysis of brain imaging data therefore refers to an “average brain” that was activated in a way that may not be representative of the physiology of any of the tested individual brains, nor of how these brains responded to the experimental stimuli. Deep imaging avoids such group-averaging artifacts by simply focusing on the individual brain. This methodological shift toward individual analysis has already opened new research areas in fields like vision science. Inspired by this, we call for a corresponding shift in affective neuroscience, away from group averages, and toward experimental designs targeting the individual.
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| 28. |
- Frazier, I., et al.
(författare)
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Older Adults Show More Trust Than Younger Adults Post-Betrayal in Trust/Lottery Game
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults comprise both the fastest growing population segment in industrialized nations and the majority of political and industry leaders. Regardless of social status, older adults face a constant flow of highly consequential decisions. These decisions are often social in nature, even when they primarily concern health, finance, or politics; in particular, they often require putting trust in others. However, older adults’ social decision making processes relating to trust have not been well researched yet. Trust is an important aspect of maintaining social supports and maintenance of social supports is health protective. This is of particular concern in older adults as aging is linked to increased social loss, isolation, and loneliness. Evidence has indicated that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is linked to several aspects of socioemotional functioning including trust. There is emerging evidence of a possible deficit in OT in older, specifically male, adults. Intranasally administered OT before a trust game has resulted in young adults acting in a more trusting, but not gullible manner. However, the potential effects of OT administration on trust game performance in older adults is unknown. We compared older (N = 54, 56% female) and younger adults’ (N = 48, 48% female) performance on a Trust/Lottery game after intranasal administration of either OT or placebo (P). Participants played the role of investors with ostensible same age social partners (trust) or a computer (lottery). At the beginning of each game investors received monetary units to invest in increments. They were instructed that if money was sent it would be tripled and then the investee (ostensible social partner) would be able to send an amount, or none, back or the lottery would be played (in the lottery condition). The probabilities of the trustee returning behavior in both the trust and lottery conditions were drawn from the same probability distributions, thus the participants faced the same objective risk but only interacted socially in the trust condition. Twelve trust and 12 lottery games were played in a pseudo-randomly, counterbalanced fashion. After half of the trust and lottery trials were played, a feedback screen was presented informing participants that in both the trust and lottery conditions only 50% of their investments bore returns, signifying 50% chance of trust breach or lottery success. While no effects of OT were detected, trust trials older adults increased their investments post betrayal while younger adults decreased their investments (F = 5.53, p = .021). No such differences were found in the lottery game. These results may indicate that older adults are more forgiving of breaching trust than younger adults. However, these results may also indicate vulnerability to being taken advantage of in a social context. To address these interpretations, research examining older adults’ goals in social decision making contexts is warranted.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Association between polymorphisms in NOS3 and KCNH2 and social memory
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social memory, including the ability to recognize faces and voices, is essential for social relationships. It has a large heritable component, but the knowledge about the contributing genes is sparse. The genetic variation underlying inter-individual differences in social memory was investigated in an exploratory sample (n = 55), genotyped with a chip comprising approximately 200,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and in a validation sample (n = 582), where 30 SNPs were targeted. In the exploratory study face identity recognition was measured. The validation study also measured vocal sound recognition, as well as recognition of faces and vocal sounds combined (multimodal condition). In the exploratory study, the 30 SNPs that were associated with face recognition at puncorrected < 0.001 and located in genes, were chosen for further study. In the validation study two of these SNPs showed significant associations with recognition of faces, vocal sounds, and multimodal stimuli: rs1800779 in the gene encoding nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and rs3807370 in the gene encoding the voltage-gated channel, subfamily H, member 2 (KCNH2), in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other. The uncommon alleles were associated with superior performance, and the effects were present for men only (p < 0.0002). The exploratory study also showed a weaker but significant association with (non-emotional) word recognition, an effect that was independent of the effect on face recognition. This study demonstrates evidence for an association between NOS3 and KCNH2SNPs and social memory.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Lin, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Age-Related Differences in Amygdala Activation Associated With Face Trustworthiness but No Evidence of Oxytocin Modulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amygdala has been shown to be responsive to face trustworthiness. While older adults typically give higher face trustworthiness ratings than young adults, a direct link between amygdala response and age-related differences in face trustworthiness evaluation has not yet been confirmed. Additionally, there is a possible modulatory role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in face trustworthiness evaluation, but the results are mixed and effects unexplored in aging. To address these research gaps, young, and older adults were randomly assigned to oxytocin or placebo self-administration via a nasal spray before rating faces on trustworthiness while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was no overall age-group difference in face trustworthiness ratings, but older compared to young participants gave higher trustworthiness ratings to ambivalently untrustworthy-looking faces. In both age groups, lower face trustworthiness ratings were associated with higher left amygdala activity. A comparable negative linear association was observed in right amygdala but only among young participants. Also, in the right amygdala, lower and higher, compared to moderate, face trustworthiness ratings were associated with greater right amygdala activity (i.e., positive quadratic (U-shaped) association) for both age groups. Neither the behavioral nor the brain effects were modulated by a single dose of intranasal oxytocin administration, however. These results suggest dampened response to faces with lower trustworthiness among older compared to young adults, supporting the notion of reduced sensitivity to cues of untrustworthiness in aging. The findings also extend evidence of an age-related positivity effect to the evaluation of face trustworthiness.
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| 34. |
- Lin, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of face attractiveness on face memory depend on both age of perceiver and age of face
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cognition & Emotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9931 .- 1464-0600. ; 34:5, s. 875-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Face attractiveness can influence memory for previously seen faces. This effect has been shown to differ for young and older perceivers. Two parallel studies examined the moderation of both the age of the face and the age of the perceiver on the relationship between facial attractiveness and face memory. Study 1 comprised 29 young and 31 older participants; Study 2 comprised 25 young and 24 older participants. In both studies, participants completed an incidental face encoding and a surprise old/new recognition test with young and older faces that varied in face attractiveness. Face attractiveness affected memory for young but not older faces. In addition, young but not older perceivers showed a linear effect of facial attractiveness on memory for young faces, while both young and older perceivers showed a quadratic effect on memory for young faces. These findings extend previous work by demonstrating that the effect of facial attractiveness on face memory is a function of both the age of the perceiver and the age of the face. Factors that could account for such moderations of face and perceiver age on the associations between face attractiveness and face memory are discussed (e.g. age differences in social goals and face similarity/distinctiveness).
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| 35. |
- Lövén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Face gender modulates women’s brain activity during face encoding
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1749-5016 .- 1749-5024. ; 9:7, s. 1000-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women typically remember more female than male faces, whereas men do not show a reliable own-gender bias. However, little is known about the neural correlates of this own-gender bias in face recognition memory. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated whether face gender modulated brain activity in fusiform and inferior occipital gyri during incidental encoding of faces. Fifteen women and 14 men underwent fMRI while passively viewing female and male faces, followed by a surprise face recognition task. Women recognized more female than male faces and showed higher activity to female than male faces in individually defined regions of fusiform and inferior occipital gyri. In contrast, men's recognition memory and blood-oxygen-level-dependent response were not modulated by face gender. Importantly, higher activity in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG) to one gender was related to better memory performance for that gender. These findings suggest that the FFG is involved in the gender bias in memory for faces, which may be linked to differential experience with female and male faces.
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| 36. |
- Maurer, D, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral blood dendritic cells express Fc epsilon RI as a complex composed of Fc epsilon RI alpha- and Fc epsilon RI gamma-chains and can use this receptor for IgE-mediated allergen presentation
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : American association of immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 157:2, s. 607-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Originally limited to basophils and mast cells, the spectrum of high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI-bearing cells has expanded recently to include Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells (DC), monocytes, and eosinophils. As a result of studies on the distribution, structure, and function of Fc epsilon RI on APCs, we discovered a minor nonbasophil, nonmonocyte PBMC population that can bind IgE via Fc epsilon RI. This receptor occurs on the surface of these cells as a multimeric structure containing Fc epsilon RI alpha- and Fc epsilon RI gamma-chains but, unlike its counterpart on basophils, lacking Fc epsilon RI beta. Further experiments revealed that these Fc epsilon RI alpha gamma-expressing cells closely resemble peripheral blood DC by immunophenotype (HLA-DRhigh, HLA-DQhhigh; CD4+, CD11a+, CD32+, CD33+, B7/2 (CD86)+; CD11blow, CD14low, CD40low, CD54low, CD64low) and cell morphology. These features allowed us to isolate Fc epsilon RI-expressing DC from the peripheral blood and to investigate their immunostimulatory properties. We found Fc epsilon RI-positive DC to be efficient stimulators of both primary (allogeneic MLR) and Fc epsilon RI/IgE-dependent, secondary T cell responses at low cell numbers. Thus, Fc epsilon RI-expressing DC may not only amplify established type I allergic immune reactions but, unlike Fc epsilon RI-positive semiprofessional APCs, may be able to prime naive T cells to common and/or cryptic epitopes of IgE-reactive Ags.
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| 37. |
- Migueles, JH, et al.
(författare)
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Equivalency of four research-grade movement sensors to assess movement behaviors and its implications for population surveillance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 5525-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- the benefits of physical activity (PA) and sleep for health, accurate and objective population-based surveillance is important. Monitor-based surveillance has potential, but the main challenge is the need for replicable outcomes from different monitors. This study investigated the agreement of movement behavior outcomes assessed with four research-grade activity monitors (i.e., Movisens Move4, ActiGraph GT3X+, GENEActiv, and Axivity AX3) in adults. Twenty-three participants wore four monitors on the non-dominant wrist simultaneously for seven days. Open-source software (GGIR) was used to estimate the daily time in sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and sleep (movement behaviors). The prevalence of participants meeting the PA and sleep recommendations were calculated from each monitor’s data. Outcomes were deemed equivalent between monitors if the absolute standardized difference and its 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) fell within ± 0.2 standard deviations (SD) of the mean of the differences. The participants were mostly men (n = 14, 61%) and aged 36 (SD = 14) years. Pairwise confusion matrices showed that 83–87% of the daily time was equally classified into the movement categories by the different pairs of monitors. The between-monitor difference in MVPA ranged from 1 (CI95%: − 6, 7) to 8 (CI95%: 1, 15) min/day. Most of the PA and sleep metrics could be considered equivalent. The prevalence of participants meeting the PA and the sleep guidelines was 100% consistent across monitors (22 and 5 participants out of the 23, respectively). Our findings indicate that the various research-grade activity monitors investigated show high inter-instrument reliability with respect to sedentary, PA and sleep-related estimates when their raw data are processed in an identical manner. These findings may have important implications for advancement towards monitor-based PA and sleep surveillance systems.
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| 38. |
- Milne, Christopher J., et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the evolution of electrons and holes in photoexcited ZnO nanoparticles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Structural Dynamics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2329-7778. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of charge carriers in photoexcited room temperature ZnO nanoparticles in solution is investigated using ultrafast ultraviolet photoluminescence spectroscopy, ultrafast Zn K-edge absorption spectroscopy, and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The photoluminescence is excited at 4.66 eV, well above the band edge, and shows that electron cooling in the conduction band and exciton formation occur in <500 fs, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The x-ray absorption measurements, obtained upon excitation close to the band edge at 3.49 eV, are sensitive to the migration and trapping of holes. They reveal that the 2 ps transient largely reproduces the previously reported transient obtained at 100 ps time delay in synchrotron studies. In addition, the x-ray absorption signal is found to rise in similar to 1.4 ps, which we attribute to the diffusion of holes through the lattice prior to their trapping at singly charged oxygen vacancies. Indeed, the MD simulations show that impulsive trapping of holes induces an ultrafast expansion of the cage of Zn atoms in <200 fs, followed by an oscillatory response at a frequency of similar to 100 cm-1, which corresponds to a phonon mode of the system involving the Zn sub-lattice.
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| 39. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Functional Correlates of Personality and Emotional Faces in Young and Older Adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 Annual Meeting Program. ; , s. 79-79
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Individual differences in personality may affect perceptions of emotional states in others. Studies investigating the link between personality and blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation to facial expressions of emotion are scarce. We assessed the influence of personality on peak BOLD activation from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the middle frontal (MFG), inferior frontal (IFG), and insula (IN) gyri to happy and angry faces contrasted with a low-level baseline, in young (n= 30, 20-31 years) and older (n=30, 65-74 years) adults, using a facial emotion identification paradigm. Self-reported information about neuroticism, extraversion, and openness was included (NEO-PI). Latent difference score models gauged the influence of personality on BOLD activation. Individuals with higher levels of neuroticism had decreased BOLD in left IN and right IFG and in the MFG to angry faces, after accounting for age. Greater openness predicted activation of IN, controlling for the influence of age. Age magnified the effect of openness and extraversion on BOLD response to angry facial expressions, to greater activation in older adults. Inter-individual differences in personality did not explain BOLD activation to happy faces. Our findings suggest that the personality trait neuroticism is associated with increased neuronal response to negative (angry) cues in key structures associated with emotional processing, IFG, MFG and IN. Greater IN activation in more extraverted and open older compared to young individuals may be of importance for age-specific differences in emotional processing.
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| 40. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Functional correlates of personality & facial perception in old and young adults
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Daily social interaction involves perception of emotional faces. Individual personality is of vital importance for how we perceive and interact with the outer world. Personality has been associated with age sensitive structures in the frontal cortices, and emotional perception. The literature investigating the link between personality, facial perception and BOLD activation is scarce. We assessed the influence of personality on peak fMRI BOLD activation in fronto- parietal areas in response to happy, neutral, and angry faces in a sample of younger (n= 30, 20-31 years) and older (n=31, 65-74 years) men and women. A series of Structural Equation Models was specified to evaluate the influence of age and personality on BOLD activation to emotional faces, contrasted with neutral faces. The behavioral measures included aspects of neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), and openness (O), assessed by a standard questionnaire (NEO-PI) during a first session. During the second session (fMRI), participants worked on the Facial Expression Identification Task that presented them with photos of old and young neutral, happy, and angry faces, randomly intermixed. Images were acquired using a 3T scanner (Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio). Onehundred and sixty functional images each were acquired with a T2*-weighted echo- planar sequence. Thirty-nine oblique axial slices were positioned parallel to the AC-PC line and acquired interleaved. A 1 × 1 × 1 mm T1-weighted image was used for co-registration with functional images. Processing of emotional faces was associated with increased activation in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and the post central gyrus (PCG), (FWE corrected). Older adults showed lesser degree of N and O than their younger counterparts. There were no reliable group differences in E. Older age predicted greater activity in PCG to angry faces compared to neutral faces, but there was no significant association for MFG. Extraverted subjects showed greater activity to angry than neutral faces after age was accounted for. E also predicted greater activity in MFG in response to happy than neutral faces, but the association was gone after age was taken into account. A trend was present for lesser activity in the PCG to angry than neutral faces for more neurotic subjects, but the association did not hold when adjusting for age. O was not related to activation to emotional faces in any of the ROIs.Our findings suggest that higher degree of extraversion is particularly important for BOLD activation in age-sensitive key structures in emotional processing. Greater activation of fronto-parietal networks to emotional faces in extroverted subjects may reflect increased use of cognitive control.
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| 41. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of DARPP-32 genetic variation on BOLD activation to happy faces
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. - : Oxford University Press. - 1749-5016 .- 1749-5024. ; 12:10, s. 1658-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dopaminergic pathways play a crucial role in reward processing, and advanced age can modulate its efficiency. DARPP-32 controls dopaminergic function and is a chemical nexus of reward processing. In 61 younger (20-30 years) and older adults (54% female) (65-74 years), we examined how blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation to emotional faces, vary over genotypes at three single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs), coding for DARPP-32 (rs879606; rs907094; 3764352). We also assessed age-magnification of DARPP-32 effects on BOLD activation. We found that major homozygote G, T or A genotypes, with higher cortical expression of DARPP-32, higher dopamine receptor efficacy, and greater bias toward positive cues, had increased functional connectivity in cortical-subcortical circuits in response to happy faces, engaging the dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), fusiform gyrus (FG) and the midbrain (MB). Local BOLD response to happy faces in FG, and MB was age dependent, so that older carriers of the major G, T or A alleles showed lesser activation than minor genotypes. These genetic variants of DARPP-32 did not modulate BOLD response to angry faces, or engagement of the inferior occipital gyrus, to happy or angry faces. Taken together our results lend support for a potential role of DARPP-32 genetic variants in neural response to potential reward triggering cues.
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| 42. |
- Robba, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Ventilatory settings in the initial 72 h and their association with outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients : a preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 48:8, s. 1024-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The optimal ventilatory settings in patients after cardiac arrest and their association with outcome remain unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the ventilatory settings applied in the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and their association with 6-month outcomes. Methods: Preplanned sub-analysis of the Target Temperature Management-2 trial. Clinical outcomes were mortality and functional status (assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale) 6 months after randomization. Results: A total of 1848 patients were included (mean age 64 [Standard Deviation, SD = 14] years). At 6 months, 950 (51%) patients were alive and 898 (49%) were dead. Median tidal volume (VT) was 7 (Interquartile range, IQR = 6.2–8.5) mL per Predicted Body Weight (PBW), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 7 (IQR = 5–9) cmH20, plateau pressure was 20 cmH20 (IQR = 17–23), driving pressure was 12 cmH20 (IQR = 10–15), mechanical power 16.2 J/min (IQR = 12.1–21.8), ventilatory ratio was 1.27 (IQR = 1.04–1.6), and respiratory rate was 17 breaths/minute (IQR = 14–20). Median partial pressure of oxygen was 87 mmHg (IQR = 75–105), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 40.5 mmHg (IQR = 36–45.7). Respiratory rate, driving pressure, and mechanical power were independently associated with 6-month mortality (omnibus p-values for their non-linear trajectories: p < 0.0001, p = 0.026, and p = 0.029, respectively). Respiratory rate and driving pressure were also independently associated with poor neurological outcome (odds ratio, OR = 1.035, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.003–1.068, p = 0.030, and OR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.001–1.036, p = 0.048). A composite formula calculated as [(4*driving pressure) + respiratory rate] was independently associated with mortality and poor neurological outcome. Conclusions: Protective ventilation strategies are commonly applied in patients after cardiac arrest. Ventilator settings in the first 72 h after hospital admission, in particular driving pressure and respiratory rate, may influence 6-month outcomes.
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| 43. |
- Szymkowicz, Sarah M., et al.
(författare)
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Hippocampal Brain Volume Is Associated with Faster Facial Emotion Identification in Older Adults : Preliminary Results
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-4365. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quick correct identification of facial emotions is highly relevant for successful social interactions. Research suggests that older, compared to young, adults experience increased difficulty with face and emotion processing skills. While functional neuroimaging studies suggest age differences in neural processing of faces and emotions, evidence about age-associated structural brain changes and their involvement in face and emotion processing is scarce. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study investigated the extent to which volumes of frontal and temporal brain structures were related to reaction time in accurate identification of facial emotions in 30 young and 30 older adults. Volumetric segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer and gray matter volumes from frontal and temporal regions were extracted. Analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) models with response time (RT) as the dependent variable and age group and regional volume, and their interaction, as independent variables were conducted, controlling for total intracranial volume (ICV). Results indicated that, in older adults, larger hippocampal volumes were associated with faster correct facial emotion identification. These preliminary observations suggest that greater volume in brain regions associated with face and emotion processing contributes to improved facial emotion identification performance in aging.
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| 44. |
- Valero-Esquitino, Verónica, et al.
(författare)
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Direct angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation attenuates T-cell and microglia activation and prevents demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 128:2, s. 95-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we evaluated stimulation of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) by the selective non-peptide agonist Compound 21 (C21) as a novel therapeutic concept for the treatment of multiple sclerosis using the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. C57BL-6 mice were immunized with myelin-oligodendrocyte peptide and treated for 4 weeks with C21 (0.3 mg/kg/day i.p.). Potential effects on myelination, microglia and T-cell composition were estimated by immunostaining and FACS analyses of lumbar spinal cords. The in vivo study was complemented by experiments in aggregating brain cell cultures and microglia in vitro. In the EAE model, treatment with C21 ameliorated microglia activation and decreased the number of total T-cells and CD4+ T-cells in the spinal cord. Fluorescent myelin staining of spinal cords further revealed a significant reduction in EAE-induced demyelinated areas in lumbar spinal cord tissue after AT2R stimulation. C21-treated mice had a significantly better neurological score than vehicle-treated controls. In aggregating brain cell cultures challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFNγ), AT2R stimulation prevented demyelination, accelerated re-myelination and reduced the number of microglia. Cytokine synthesis and nitric oxide production by microglia in vitro were significantly reduced after C21 treatment. These results suggest that AT2R stimulation protects the myelin sheaths in autoimmune central nervous system inflammation by inhibiting the T-cell response and microglia activation. Our findings identify the AT2R as a potential new pharmacological target for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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| 45. |
- Westberg, Lars, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Is Associated with Face Recognition and its Neural Correlates
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5153. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to recognize faces is crucial for daily social interactions. Recent studies suggest that intranasal oxytocin administration improves social recognition in humans. Oxytocin signaling in the amygdala plays an essential role for social recognition in mice, and oxytocin administration has been shown to influence amygdala activity in humans. It is therefore possible that the effects of oxytocin on human social recognition depend on mechanisms that take place in the amygdala a central region for memory processing also in humans. Variation in the gene encoding the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) has been associated with several aspects of social behavior. The present study examined the potential associations between nine OXTR polymorphisms, distributed across the gene, and the ability to recognize faces, as well as face-elicited amygdala activity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during incidental encoding of faces. The OXTR 3' polymorphism rs7632287, previously related to social bonding behavior and autism risk, was associated with participants ability to recognize faces. Carriers of the GA genotype, associated with enhanced memory, displayed higher amygdala activity during face encoding compared to carriers of the GG genotype. In line with work in rodents, these findings suggest that, in humans, naturally occurring endogenous modulation of OXTR function affects social recognition through an amygdala-dependent mechanism. These findings contribute to the understanding of how oxytocin regulates human social behaviors.
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| 46. |
- Xiao, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Age-dependent effects of oxytocin in brain regions enriched with oxytocin receptors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although intranasal oxytocin administration to tap into central functions is the most commonly used non-invasive means for exploring oxytocin’s role in human cognition and behavior, the way by which intranasal oxytocin acts on the brain is not yet fully understood. Recent research suggests that brain regions densely populated with oxytocin receptors may play a central role in intranasal oxytocin’s action mechanisms in the brain. In particular, intranasal oxytocin may act directly on (subcortical) regions rich in oxytocin receptors via binding to these receptors while only indirectly affecting other (cortical) regions via their neural connections to oxytocin receptor-enriched regions. Aligned with this notion, the current study adopted a novel approach to test 1) whether the connections between oxytocin receptor-enriched regions (i.e., the thalamus, pallidum, caudate nucleus, putamen, and olfactory bulbs) and other regions in the brain were responsive to intranasal oxytocin administration, and 2) whether oxytocin-induced effects varied as a function of age. Forty-six young (24.96 ± 3.06 years) and 44 older (69.89 ± 2.99 years) participants were randomized, in a double-blind procedure, to self-administer either intranasal oxytocin or placebo before resting-state fMRI. Results supported age-dependency in the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on connectivity between oxytocin receptor-enriched regions and other regions in the brain. Specifically, compared to placebo, oxytocin decreased both connectivity density and connectivity strength of the thalamus for young participants while it increased connectivity density and connectivity strength of the caudate for older participants. These findings inform the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous oxytocin on brain function and highlight the importance of age in these processes.
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