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| 4. |
- Lauwers, E., et al.
(författare)
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Potential human transmission of amyloid beta pathology: surveillance and risks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 19:10, s. 872-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies in experimental animals show transmissibility of amyloidogenic proteins associated with prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although these data raise potential concerns for public health, convincing evidence for human iatrogenic transmission only exists for prions and amyloid beta after systemic injections of contaminated growth hormone extracts or dura mater grafts derived from cadavers. Even though these procedures are now obsolete, some reports raise the possibility of iatrogenic transmission of amyloid beta through putatively contaminated neurosurgical equipment. Iatrogenic transmission of amyloid beta might lead to amyloid deposition in the brain parenchyma and blood vessel walls, potentially resulting in cerebral amyloid angiopathy after several decades. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause life-threatening brain haemorrhages; yet, there is no proof that the transmission of amyloid can also lead to Alzheimer's dementia. Large, long-term epidemiological studies and sensitive, cost-efficient tools to detect amyloid are needed to better understand any potential routes of amyloid beta transmission and to clarify whether other similar proteopathic seeds, such as tau or alpha-synuclein, can also be transferred iatrogenically.
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| 5. |
- Thorslund, Sara E, et al.
(författare)
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The RACK1 signaling scaffold protein selectively interacts with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence function
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 6:2, s. e16784-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many Gram-negative bacteria use type III secretion systems to translocate effector proteins into host cells. These effectors interfere with cellular functions in a highly regulated manner resulting in effects that are beneficial for the bacteria. The pathogen Yersinia can resist phagocytosis by eukaryotic cells by translocating Yop effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. This is called antiphagocytosis, and constitutes an important virulence feature of this pathogen since it allows survival in immune cell rich lymphoid organs. We show here that the virulence protein YopK has a role in orchestrating effector translocation necessary for productive antiphagocytosis. We present data showing that YopK influences Yop effector translocation by modulating the ratio of the pore-forming proteins YopB and YopD in the target cell membrane. Further, we show that YopK that can interact with the translocators, is exposed inside target cells and binds to the eukaryotic signaling protein RACK1. This protein is engaged upon Y. pseudotuberculosis-mediated beta1-integrin activation and localizes to phagocytic cups. Cells with downregulated RACK1 levels are protected from antiphagocytosis. This resistance is not due to altered levels of translocated antiphagocytic effectors, and cells with reduced levels of RACK1 are still sensitive to the later occurring cytotoxic effect caused by the Yop effectors. Further, a yopK mutant unable to bind RACK1 shows an avirulent phenotype during mouse infection, suggesting that RACK1 targeting by YopK is a requirement for virulence. Together, our data imply that the local event of Yersinia-mediated antiphagocytosis involves a step where YopK, by binding RACK1, ensures an immediate specific spatial delivery of antiphagocytic effectors leading to productive inhibition of phagocytosis.
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- Edgren, Aina, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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High temperature deformation of polycrystalline C40 Mo(Si,Al) 2
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093. ; 849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycrystalline Mo(Si,Al)2 with C40 crystal structure was deformed in compression with a strain rate of 10−4 s−1 at 1300 °C. The specimens were deformed to a strain of 10%–15% and showed maximum stresses around 150 MPa prior to pronounced softening. No crack formation or significant increase in porosity could be observed. Post-test microstructure analysis revealed that the material was inhomogeneously deformed on both inter- and intragranular levels. Dynamic recrystallization occurred alongside low angle grain boundary formation in highly deformed grains. Furthermore, complex intragranular deformation fields suggest that slip systems other than 21̄1̄0[0001] may be active during deformation.
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| 11. |
- Edgren, Aina, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Yttrium Doping on the Oxidation of Mo(Si,Al) 2 in Air at 1500 °C
- 2022
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 98:5-6, s. 415-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mo(Si,Al)2 with different yttrium (Y) additions (up to 2 at.%) was synthesised by dry powder mixing followed by compaction and sintering. In as-sintered materials, Y was present as yttrium aluminium garnet. The materials were exposed in air at 1500 °C for up to 250 h to study the effect of Y on oxidation behaviour. The oxides formed were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based techniques and X-ray diffraction. While the Y-free Mo(Si,Al)2 formed a scale consisting of Al2O3 and a small amount of mullite, the Y-containing samples formed oxides containing both yttrium silicate and larger fractions of mullite, in addition to Al2O3. Oxidation rate, scale spallation, as well as the evaporation of Mo, all increased with Y addition.
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| 14. |
- Edgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Compressive failure of impacted NCF composite sandwich panels - Characterisation of the failure process
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of composite materials. - : SAGE Publications. - 0021-9983 .- 1530-793X. ; 38:6, s. 495-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, non-crimp fabric (NCF) composite face sheet sandwich panels have been tested in compression after impact (CAI). Damage in the face sheets was characterised by fractography. Compression after impact loaded panels were found to fail by plastic fibre microbuckling (kinking) in the damaged face sheet. Studies of panels for which loading was interrupted prior to failure revealed extensive stable kink band formation at several positions and in numerous plies. Kink bands initiated and propagated within a wide region close to the point of impact. In addition, kink bands initiated in zones with high shear stresses, away from the impact centre line. Consequently, the fractographic results from this investigation do not support the assumption of modelling the impact damage as an equivalent hole. To achieve accurate predictions of kink band initiation, the stress field must be known. The results from this study imply that bending effects caused by remaining dent or material eccentricities in the damaged region must be considered.
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| 17. |
- Edgren, Maliha, et al.
(författare)
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[111In-DPTA-D-Phe1] - Octreotide Scintigraphy in the Management of Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
- 1999
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Ingår i: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 14:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using the 111In-labelled somatostatin analogue octreotide (Octreoscan) was performed in 9 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In total 11 scintigraphies were performed. Positive tumor uptakes were observed in 9 patients. The results of the octreotide scans were correlated to diagnostic CT and/or X-ray images. Forty (59%) out of 68 known tumor localizations were visualized with the octreotide scan. A second scan following therapy was performed in two patients. These patients showed progressive disease despite treatment and also exhibited intensified uptakes at octreotide scintigraphy. One false positive lesion was observed in the 40 lesions visualized in scintigraphy.It was concluded that renal cell carcinoma expresses somatostatin receptors, as could be visualized with Octreoscan scintigraphy. The scintigraphic technique can be used as an instrument for in vivo characterization of the disease. The data could also form a basis for future investigations regarding the possible therapeutic effect of octreotide in the management of renal cell cancer.
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| 20. |
- Edgren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Biological characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma : A study of p53, IGF, EGF-r, Ki-67 and PCNA in 17 adrenocortical carcinomas
- 1997
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 17:2B, s. 1303-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Prognostic factors are needed to identify patients who should be treated aggressively and those for which a less aggressive approach is warranted. As a result of advances within the field of immunohistochemistry, investigations of Ki-67, PCNA, IGF, EGF-r and p53 were performed in 17 ACC. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of Ki-67, PCNA, EGF-r, IGF and p53 in correlation to tumour behaviour and outcome. This retrospective study includes 16 patients, 10 women and 6 men, with a median age of 46 years. Nine tumours were hormonally functioning and 7 were non-functioning. The results obtained revealed that all tumours expressed PCNA and Ki-67 with median values of 59% and 14%, respectively, while p53 was negative in 88%, IGF negative in 82% and EGF-r positive in 94% of the tumours. No correlation was found between p53, IGF, EGF-r and survival rate. There was no interdependence between PCNA and Ki-67, or between PCNA, Ki-67 and the survival rate.
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| 21. |
- Ekestubbe, Sofie, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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The amino-terminal part of the needle-tip translocator LcrV of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is required for early targeting of YopH and in vivo virulence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2235-2988. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are dedicated to targeting anti-host effector proteins into the cytosol of the host cell to promote bacterial infection. Delivery of the effectors requires three specific translocator proteins, of which the hydrophilic translocator, LcrV, is located at the tip of the T3SS needle and is believed to facilitate insertion of the two hydrophobic translocators into the host cell membrane. Here we used Yersinia as a model to study the role of LcrV in T3SS mediated intracellular effector targeting. Intriguingly, we identified N-terminal IcrV mutants that, similar to the wild-type protein, efficiently promoted expression, secretion and intracellular levels of Yop effectors, yet they were impaired in their ability to inhibit phagocytosis by J774 cells. In line with this, the YopH mediated dephosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase early after infection was compromised when compared to the wild type strain. This suggests that the mutants are unable to promote efficient delivery of effectors to their molecular targets inside the host cell upon host cell contact. The significance of this was borne out by the fact that the mutants were highly attenuated for virulence in the systemic mouse infection model. Our study provides both novel and significant findings that establish a role for LcrV in early targeting of effectors in the host cell.
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| 23. |
- Fernberg, P., et al.
(författare)
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Time Trends in Risk and Risk Determinants of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 11:11, s. 2472-2482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organ transplantation increases risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but long-term risk and time trends have seldom been evaluated. Immunosuppressive drug load is an important risk determinant, but the details are unclear. We studied NHL risk in a nationwide Swedish cohort of 11 081 graft recipients transplanted 1970-2008. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated within the cohort and versus the general population by age, sex, follow-up time and calendar period. NHL risk was also assessed by cumulative and average doses of immunosuppressive treatments in a nested case-control design throughout 1997 using conditional logistic regression. We observed 153 NHL cases during 97 853 years of follow-up. Compared with the general population, NHL risk was eightfold increased (RR 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6-9.4), and increased risks persisted after >= 15 years of follow-up among kidney (6.1; 95% CI 3.5-10) and nonkidney recipients (44; 14-103). Among nonkidney recipients, NHL risk was lower in the 2000s compared with the 1990s (0.5; 95% CI 0.3-1.0; p = 0.04). A high average dose of antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) conferred an eightfold increased risk of NHL (OR 8.5; 95% CI 1.9-38). To conclude, posttransplant NHL risk decreased during the last decade among nonkidney recipients, possibly because of a more careful use of ATG, the introduction of new drugs, or both.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hollmark, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of radiobiological models for light ion therapy
- 2007
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Ingår i: The 11th Workshop of Ion Beams in Biology and Medicine, 25-29 September 2007, Heidelberg, Germany, ISSN 1013-4506, p. 47 (2007).
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Treatment planning for light ion therapy requires development of radiobiological models describing the effects of light ion irradiation on cellular survival. The aim of this work is to compare some of these radiobiological models currently in use. The benchmark cell line used in these studies is an AA human melanoma cell line, irradiated in vitro under aerobic conditions by 60Co and 10B5+ ions of different values of linear energy transfer (40, 80, 125 and 160 keV/μm). The models used to analyze the data were: the standard linear-quadratic (LQ) model, the repairable-conditionally repairable (RCR) model, the probabilistic two-stage (P2S) model, Katz’s cellular track structure theory (TST), and the local effect model (LEM).
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| 30. |
- Krynitz, B., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of basal cell carcinoma in Swedish organ transplant recipients: a population-based study
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 174:1, s. 95-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been reported to be several-fold increased among organ transplant recipients (OTRs). However, due to lack of reliable BCC registration, population-based risk estimates are scarce. Objectives To characterize risk of BCC among OTRs compared with the general population, and contrast with risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Subjects and methods OTRs transplanted during 2004-2011 were identified through national healthcare registers and linked with the nationwide Swedish BCC Register initialized in 2004. Relative risk of BCC was expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Altogether, 4023 transplanted patients developed 341 BCCs during follow-up. Compared with the general population, the relative risk of BCC was increased sixfold (SIR 6.1, 95% CI 5.4-6.9). The risk was higher in kidney and heart/lung than in liver recipients (SIRkidney 7.2, 6.3-8.3; SIRheart/lung 5.8, 4.0-8.2; SIRliver 2.6, 1.7-4.0), and risk increased with time since transplantation (P-trend < 0.01). The SCC to BCC ratio was 1 : 1.7 and BCC developed earlier after transplantation than SCC. Distribution of anatomical sites and histological types did not differ substantially between OTR- and population-BCCs. Conclusions Risk of BCC was strikingly elevated in OTRs compared with the general population. Risk was higher in kidney recipients and increased with follow-up time. These findings support a tumour-promoting effect of immunosuppressive drugs in BCC development. The low SCC to BCC ratio was possibly attributed to short follow-up time.
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| 31. |
- Krynitz, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of skin cancer and other malignancies in kidney, liver, heart and lung transplant recipients 1970 to 2008 : A Swedish population-based study
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 132:6, s. 1429-1438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of a wide range of malignancies, especially cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Few previous population-based studies have quantified and compared cancer risks according to graft type and with long-term follow-up. Using nationwide Swedish registers, we identified 10,476 recipients transplanted from 1970 to 2008 and followed them for cancer occurrence. Relative risks of cancer in comparison with the general population were expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and within the transplanted cohort as incidence rate ratios (IRR). During a total follow-up of 93,432 person-years, patients were diagnosed with 1,175 cancers excluding SCC, and with 2,231 SCC, SIRcancer excl SCC 2.4 (95% CI, 2.2–2.5); SIRSCC 121 (95% CI, 116–127). Cancer risks were most increased among heart and/or lung recipients SIRcancer excl SCC 3.3 (95% CI, 2.8–4.0); SIRSCC 198 (95% CI, 174–224), followed by kidney SIRcancer excl SCC 2.3 (95% CI, 2.1–2.4); SIRSCC 121 (95% CI, 116–127) and liver recipients SIRcancer excl SCC 2.3 (95% CI, 1.9–2.8); SIRSCC 32 (95% CI, 24–42). During follow-up, risk of cancer excluding SCC remained stable while risk of SCC tripled over 20 years irrespective of graft type, partly due to a subgroup of patients developing new SCCs at a rapidly increasing rate. In summary, post-transplant cancer risk varied by transplanted organ and by cancer site, with the bulk of the excess risk driven by an exceptionally high and accelerating risk of SCC. These findings underscore the importance of regular skin screening in organ transplant recipients.
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| 33. |
- Meijer, Annelie E., et al.
(författare)
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Dose and time dependent apoptotic response in a human melanoma cell line exposed to accelerated boron ions at four different LET
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 81:4, s. 261-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate and compare the influence of linear energy transfer (LET), dose and time on the induction of apoptosis in a human melanoma cell line exposed to accelerated light boron ((10)B) ions and photons. Cells were exposed in vitro to doses up to 6 Gy accelerated boron ions (40, 80, 125 and 160 eV nm(-1)) and up to 12 Gy photons (0.2 eV nm(-1)). The induction of apoptosis was measured up to 9 days after irradiation using morphological characterization of apoptotic cells and bodies. In parallel, measurements of cell-cycle distribution, monitored by DNA flow cytometry, and cell survival based on the clonogenic cell survival assay, were performed. In addition, the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were studied. Accelerated boron ions induced a significant increase in apoptosis as compared with photons at all time points studied. At 1-5 h the percentage of radiation-induced apoptotic cells increased with both dose and LET. At the later time points (24-216 h) the apoptotic response was more complex and did not increase in a strictly LET-dependent manner. The early premitotic apoptotic cells disappeared at 24 h following exposure to the highest LET (160 eV nm(-1)). A postmitotic apoptotic response was seen after release of the dose-, time- and LET-dependent G2/M accumulations. The loss of clonogenic ability was dose- and LET-dependent and the fraction of un-rejoined DSB increased with increasing LET. Despite the LET-dependent clonogenic cell killing, it was not possible to measure quantitatively a LET-dependent apoptotic response. This was due to the different time course of appearance and disappearance of apoptotic cells.
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| 34. |
- Mörner, Malin E M, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative anaemia and perioperative red blood cell transfusion as prognostic factors for recurrence and mortality in colorectal cancer-a Swedish cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 32:2, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The hypothesis in this study was that anaemia prior to surgery and perioperative red blood cell transfusion increases the risk for recurrence and overall mortality in patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer after abdominal resection with curative intent.METHODS: This is a Swedish single centre retrospective cohort study. Data on 496 consecutive radical abdominal resections stages I-III colorectal cancer performed at the Karolinska University Hospital 2007-2010 were extracted from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Data were linked to local laboratory and transfusion databases to identify preoperative anaemia and perioperative transfusion. Disease recurrence was validated by scrutiny of patient records. A total of 496 stages I-III colorectal cancer patients were included in the analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for tumour and patient characteristics were performed to assess risk for recurrence and overall mortality.RESULTS: Anaemia prior to surgery was associated with increased risk for overall mortality (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4-3.2). There was no association between anaemia and risk for recurrence (HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.97-2.6). Transfusion was not associated with increased risk of recurrence (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3) or overall mortality (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.7-1.6).CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia prior to colorectal cancer surgery was associated with increased risk for overall mortality while a no increased risk was seen for recurrence. Previous findings indicating an association between blood transfusion and increased risk for recurrence could not be confirmed.
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| 42. |
- Sisodia, Samjay, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of voids on quasi-static and tension fatigue behaviour of carbon-fibre composite laminates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of composite materials. - : SAGE Publications. - 0021-9983 .- 1530-793X. ; 49:17, s. 2137-2148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of voids on quasi-isotropic carbon-fibre reinforced plastic laminates under quasi-static loading is compared with that under cyclic tension loading. Emphasis is placed on following damage development at the non-crimp fabric ply-level by investigating the influence of voids on damage accumulation, most notably transverse cracking and delamination. Details from experiments include micrographs of voids taken in both scanning-electron and light microscopy, measurements of void content and crack density using light microscopy, and stiffness plots from both quasi-static and cyclic tests. The stiffness results are compared with theoretical predictions accounting for transverse cracks. Voids have a significantly more detrimental effect on the mechanical properties in cyclic loading compared with quasi-static loading. Specifically, the stiffness reduction development, the underlying transverse cracking in layers and the number of cycles to failure are affected. Quality control by only quasi-static testing for void-containing composite materials to be used in components subjected to fatigue cannot therefore be recommended
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| 43. |
- Sisodia, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of voids on tension fatigue and quasi-static behaviour of carbon-fibre composite laminates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of composite materials. - : SAGE Publications. - 0021-9983 .- 1530-793X. ; 49:17, s. 2137-2148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of voids on quasi-isotropic carbon-fibre reinforced plastic laminates under quasi-static loading is compared with that under cyclic tension loading. Emphasis is placed on following damage development at the non-crimp fabric ply-level by investigating the influence of voids on damage accumulation, most notably transverse cracking and delamination. Details from experiments include micrographs of voids taken in both scanning-electron and light microscopy, measurements of void content and crack density using light microscopy, and stiffness plots from both quasi-static and cyclic tests. The stiffness results are compared with theoretical predictions accounting for transverse cracks. Voids have a significantly more detrimental effect on the mechanical properties in cyclic loading compared with quasi-static loading. Specifically, the stiffness reduction development, the underlying transverse cracking in layers and the number of cycles to failure are affected. Quality control by only quasi-static testing for void-containing composite materials to be used in components subjected to fatigue cannot therefore be recommended.
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| 44. |
- Steiner, Svava E., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of anticoagulant and platelet inhibition on the risk of bacteremia among patients with acute pyelonephritis : a retrospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2334. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background An increasing number of patients are being prescribed anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors (antithrombotic treatment). Basic research has suggested an association between antithrombotic treatment and bacteremia during kidney infection. Here, we investigated the association between antithrombotic treatment, bacteremia and acute kidney injury in patients with acute pyelonephritis. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large university hospital in Sweden. Data were retrieved from electronic medical records for adult patients with acute pyelonephritis in 2016. The main outcome was bacteremia and secondary outcome acute kidney injury. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through multiple logistic regression. Treatment with different groups of antithrombotic agents were compared to no antithrombotic treatment. Results 1814 patients with acute pyelonephritis were included, in whom bacteremia developed in 336 (18.5%). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) at prophylactic doses was associated with a lower risk of bacteremia, compared to no antithrombotic treatment (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.7). Other antithrombotic treatments were not associated with a risk of bacteremia. Additionally, patients with prophylactic doses of LMWH had a lower risk of acute kidney injury (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.8). Conclusions We found no association between antithrombotic treatment and an increased risk of bacteremia during acute pyelonephritis. Conversely, patients with prophylactic doses of LMWH had a slightly reduced risk of bacteremia. LMWH at prophylactic doses was also associated with a lower risk of acute kidney injury. Our results suggest that it is safe to continue antithrombotic treatment during acute pyelonephritis, in regards to bacteremia and acute kidney injury risk.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Strand, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptions of how a learning or teaching curriculum, workplace culture and agency of individuals shape medical student learning and supervisory practices in the clinical workplace.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Health Sciences Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1677 .- 1382-4996. ; 20:2, s. 531-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of workplace supervisors in the clinical education of medical students is currently under debate. However, few studies have addressed how supervisors conceptualize workplace learning and how conceptions relate to current sociocultural workplace learning theory. We explored physician conceptions of: (a) medical student learning in the clinical workplace and (b) how they contribute to student learning. The methodology included a combination of a qualitative, inductive (conventional) and deductive (directed) content analysis approach. The study triangulated two types of interview data from 4 focus group interviews and 34 individual interviews. A total of 55 physicians participated. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: learning as membership, learning as partnership and learning as ownership. The themes described how physician conceptions of learning and supervision were guided by the notions of learning-as-participation and learning-as-acquisition. The clinical workplace was either conceptualized as a context in which student learning is based on a learning curriculum, continuity of participation and partnerships with supervisors, or as a temporary source of knowledge within a teaching curriculum. The process of learning was shaped through the reciprocity between different factors in the workplace context and the agency of students and supervising physicians. A systems-thinking approach merged with the "co-participation" conceptual framework advocated by Billet proved to be useful for analyzing variations in conceptions. The findings suggest that mapping workplace supervisor conceptions of learning can be a valuable starting point for medical schools and educational developers working with changes in clinical educational and faculty development practices.
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