| 1. |
- Bakx, Tristan R.M., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of spatial and temporal planning scale on the trade-off between the financial value and carbon storage in production forests
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing carbon stock in standing forests is one of the proposed ways to mitigate climate change. However, in production forests, this typically would lead to reduced harvesting possibilities and thus reduced financial gain for the forest owners. The size of this reduction should depend on the chosen target level of the carbon stock as well as the required speed of accumulation. Furthermore, due to landscape heterogeneity, the size of the loss can be expected to vary the planning scale, often related to forest property size. Aim: This study aimed to quantify the effects of spatial and temporal planning scales on the severity of the trade-off between Net Present Value (NPV) of future timber sales and carbon storage in production forests in Southern Sweden. Methods: We used the Heureka PlanWise forest decision support system with built-in Linear Programming functionality. We created six Production Possibility Frontiers (PPF) that quantified the trade-off for the combinations of two scenarios for timing of carbon accumulation (either by 2100 or by 2100 with an intermediate target by 2045) and three spatial management scales (∼3300 ha, ∼300 ha, and ∼60 ha; 1068 stands). Results: There was a strong effect of temporal scale, with consistently lower NPV, with the same carbon stock in 2100, when the intermediate target for 2045 was applied. The effect of the spatial scale was only apparent between the smallest (50 ha) scale and the larger scales (300 and 3300 ha), with consistently lower NPV with the same carbon stock at the smallest scale. Conclusion: We conclude that both the effects of spatial management scale and temporal scale on the cost of carbon storage should be considered in relation to potential climate policies.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bradter, Ute, et al.
(författare)
-
Habitat suitability models based on opportunistic citizen science data: Evaluating forecasts from alternative methods versus an individual-based model
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Diversity and Distributions. - : Wiley. - 1366-9516 .- 1472-4642. ; 27, s. 2397-2411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To evaluate the utility of opportunistic data from citizen science programmes for forecasting species distributions against forecasts with a model of individual-based population dynamics. Location Sweden. Methods We evaluated whether alternative methods for building habitat suitability models (HSMs) based on opportunistic data from citizen science programmes produced forecasts that were consistent with forecasts from two benchmark models: (1) a HSM based on data from systematic monitoring and (2) an individual-based model for spatially explicit population dynamics based on empirical demographic and movement data. We forecasted population numbers and habitat suitability for three realistic, future forest landscapes for a forest bird, the Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus). We ranked simulated forest landscapes with respect to their benefits to Siberian jays for each modelling method and compared the agreement of the rankings among methods. Results Forecasts based on our two benchmark models were consistent with each other and with expectations based on the species' ecology. Forecasts from logistic regression models based on opportunistic data were consistent with the benchmark models if species detections were combined with high-quality inferred absences derived via retrospective interviews with experienced "super-reporters." In contrast, forecasts with three other widely used methods were inconsistent with the benchmark models, sometimes with misleading rankings of future scenarios. Main conclusions Our critical evaluation of alternative HSMs against a spatially explicit IBM demonstrates that information on species absences critically improves forecasts of species distributions using opportunistic data from citizen science programmes. Moreover, high-quality information on species absences can be retrospectively inferred from surveys of the consistency of reporting of individual species and the identification skills of participating reporters. We recommend that citizen science projects incorporate procedures to evaluate reporting behaviour. Inferred absences may be especially useful for improving forecasts for species and regions poorly covered by systematic monitoring schemes.
|
|
| 4. |
- De Pellegrin Llorente, Irene, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceptions of uncertainty in forest planning: contrasting forest professionals? perspectives with the latest research
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 53, s. 391-406
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of the intrinsic facets of forest planning are surrounded by uncertainty. Decision-makers strive to improve their understanding of the sources of uncertainty and their impact on the decision-making process. However, uncertainty is rarely integrated into real-world forestry applications or into decision support tools used in forest planning problems. To identify the needs, interests, and challenges of managing uncertainty in forest planning, we interviewed forestry professionals. All the interviewees indicated the positive potential of a tool that could address some facets of uncertainty. Additionally, we conducted a review of the most recent literature on this topic to understand current hot topics and future trends that could help address realworld challenges. This study highlights the next steps to incorporate uncertainty into the decision support systems for forest planning. However, to strengthen the bond between the practical needs of forestry professionals and the theoretical approaches proposed by recent literature, more effort should be placed on defining terminology and formulating a theoretical framework for uncertainty analysis. This will provide the forestry community with a common language and typology, help increase its general understanding, and improve communication between forestry researchers, forestry professionals, and other stakeholders.
|
|
| 5. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Accounting for a Diverse Forest Ownership Structure in Projections of Forest Sustainability Indicators
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 6, s. 4001-4033
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we assessed the effect of a diverse ownership structure with different management strategies within and between owner categories in long-term projections of economic, ecological and social forest sustainability indicators, representing important ecosystem services, for two contrasting Swedish municipalities. This was done by comparing two scenarios: one where the diversity of management strategies was accounted for (Diverse) and one where it was not (Simple). The Diverse scenario resulted in a 14% lower total harvested volume for the 100 year period compared to the Simple scenario, which resulted in a higher growing stock and a more favorable development of the ecological indicators. The higher proportion of sparse forests and the lower proportion of clear-felled sites made the Diverse scenario more appropriate for delivering access to common outdoor recreation activities, while the Simple scenario projected more job opportunities. Differences between the scenarios were considerable already in the medium term (after 20 years of simulation). Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the variety of management strategies employed by forest owners in medium- to long-term projections of the development of forest sustainability indicators.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Adapted forest management to improve the potential for reindeer husbandry in Northern Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53, s. 46-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In northern Sweden, improvements of grazing conditions are necessary for the continuation of traditional, natural pasture-based reindeer husbandry. Ground and tree lichen constitute the main fodder resource for reindeer during winter but have reached critically low levels. Using a forest decision support system, we prescribe adapted forest management to improve the preconditions for reindeer husbandry and compare outcomes with the continuation of current forest management. We found that adapted management increases the forest area with ground lichen habitat by 22% already within 15 years, while a continuation of current management would result in a further decrease in ground lichen. Tree lichen habitat can be retained and increased in all scenarios, which is important in a changing climate. Compared to a continuation of current practices, adapted management with significantly improved conditions for lichen resulted in a decrease in net revenues from wood production by 11-22%.
|
|
| 7. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing different forest values: Evaluation of forest management scenarios in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 103, s. 55-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besides traditional timber production, other forest functions, such as biodiversity and recreation, have gained increasing importance during the last few decades. Demands on forests have become more diversified, thus making forest management and planning more complex. To meet these challenges, there is a growing interest in a more diversified silviculture, for which a number of different management options are available. However, it remains unclear how the various management options affect economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. Hence, in this study, we assess the consequences of various management options on different aspects of sustainable forest management through scenario analysis using a forestry decision support system. We evaluate 10 different forest management scenarios for two contrasting municipalities in Sweden, based on expert participation by way of a web-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework. We asked experts in economic, ecological, and social forest values, as well as those in reindeer husbandry, to weigh a number of indicators in their field of expertise against each other, and to create value functions for each indicator. We then determined scenario ranking for different sets of weights for economic, ecological and social forest values. Our results indicate that current management practices are favorable for economic aspects (wood production), while a number of scenarios would be better suited to fulfill the Swedish co-equal forest policy goal of production and consideration of environmental issues, such as scenarios with longer rotation periods, a larger share of set-asides and a higher share of continuous cover forestry. These measures would be beneficial not only for ecological values, but also for social values and for reindeer husbandry. Furthermore, we found that expert participation through the web-tool was a promising alternative to physical meetings that require more commitment in terms of time and resources.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing landscape-level forest management between recreation and wood production
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 33, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although many forested landscapes are used for both wood production and outdoor recreation, intensive forest management can negatively impact the recreational value of forests, including in Sweden, a country with rich forest resources and a strong forest industry. In Sweden, urbanization has increased the importance of, and demand for, urban and peri-urban recreational green areas such as forests. It is the responsibility of the local government - i.e., the municipalities - to provide a good living environment for its inhabitants, including recreational areas. However, most of the forest areas in Sweden are owned by private individuals and companies, which have a large degree of freedom in their forest management decisions. Municipalities can make formal agreements with forest owners to protect forests with high recreational values, but this requires financial resources, which are often scarce. Thus, tools are needed to identify the forest areas that should be prioritized for the use of forest management strategies that maintain or increase the recreational value of forests. In this study, we elaborate an approach that balances economic and recreational forest values within a forest decision support system (DSS) and test the approach for a case study area in southern Sweden. The recreation model included in the forest DSS links locational aspects, such as population density and proximity to water, with forest structure aspects, which are simulated over time under different management strategies. Our results suggest that the model could be useful for more efficient planning of the recreational potential of forests at the landscape level. The results from the case study indicate that substantial increases in the recreational value of a forest landscape can be achieved with relatively small overall economic losses, for example, by extending rotation periods in forests close to densely populated areas.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing wood production and biodiversity in intensively managed boreal forest
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fennoscandian boreal forests are managed intensively for wood production, which has had a negative impact on biodiversity. The harvesting pressure on the forests is likely to increase in the future because wood is seen as an important resource in a bio-based economy. Thus, there is an urgent need to better describe the trade-offs between wood production and biodiversity, and to understand how these trade-offs can be alleviated by adapting forest management. Encompassing a broad range of biodiversity aspects, we studied how forest management can increase biodiversity indicators while maintaining or increasing current harvest levels. We found that there is considerable leeway for forestry to pursue multiple objectives simultaneously in Fennoscandian forest landscapes. We show that it is possible to both increase harvests and structural elements of importance for biodiversity compared to present levels in a forest landscape that is representative of conditions in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Achieving this requires a variation in management strategies at the landscape level, and an adaptation of management practices to explicitly consider and implement multiple objectives in the planning process.
|
|
| 10. |
- Eggers, Jeannette
(författare)
-
Climate change and European forests: What do we know, what are the uncertainties, and what are the implications for forest management?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 146, s. 69-83
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knowledge about potential climate change impacts on forests is continuously expanding and some changes in growth, drought induced mortality and species distribution have been observed. However despite a significant body of research, a knowledge and communication gap exists between scientists and non-scientists as to how climate change impact scenarios can be interpreted and what they imply for European forests. It is still challenging to advise forest decision makers on how best to plan for climate change as many uncertainties and unknowns remain and it is difficult to communicate these to practitioners and other decision makers while retaining emphasis on the importance of planning for adaptation.In this paper, recent developments in climate change observations and projections, observed and projected impacts on European forests and the associated uncertainties are reviewed and synthesised with a view to understanding the implications for forest management. Current impact assessments with simulation models contain several simplifications, which explain the discrepancy between results of many simulation studies and the rapidly increasing body of evidence about already observed changes in forest productivity and species distribution. In simulation models uncertainties tend to cascade onto one another; from estimating what future societies will be like and general circulation models (GCMs) at the global level, down to forest models and forest management at the local level.Individual climate change impact studies should not be uncritically used for decision-making without reflection on possible shortcomings in system understanding, model accuracy and other assumptions made. It is important for decision makers in forest management to realise that they have to take long-lasting management decisions while uncertainty about climate change impacts are still large. We discuss how to communicate about uncertainty which is imperative for decision making without diluting the overall message. Considering the range of possible trends and uncertainties in adaptive forest management requires expert knowledge and enhanced efforts for providing science-based decision support. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 11. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors Influencing the Choice of Management Strategy among Small-Scale Private Forest Owners in Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 5, s. 1695-1716
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Half of the productive forest area in Sweden is owned by small-scale private forest owners. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information that would allow categorizing small-scale private forest owners according to their management strategy. In this study, we surveyed small-scale private forest owners in Sweden to determine the proportions who applied various management strategies. We analyzed the results using chi-square tests to identify the most relevant factors affecting the management strategy choices of individual forest owners. We found that. soft. factors, such as the importance of income from the forest, membership in a forest owners' association, certification and an interest in and knowledge of forestry issues, had a stronger impact on the choice of management strategy than most. hard. factors related to the owner or the property, such as gender and distance between the owner's residence and the property. However, property size was the most important factor and was associated with the importance of income derived from the forest and several other soft factors.
|
|
| 12. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
How Well Do Stakeholder-Defined Forest Management Scenarios Balance Economic and Ecological Forest Values?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Highlights: We show the difference in the long-term effects on economic and ecological forest values between four forest management scenarios of a large representative forest landscape. The scenarios were largely formulated by stakeholders representing the main views on how to manage north-European forests. Background and Objectives: Views on how to balance forest management between wood production and biodiversity differ widely between different stakeholder groups. We aim to show the long-term consequences of stakeholder-defined management scenarios, in terms of ecological and economic forest values. Materials and Methods: We simulated management scenarios for a forest landscape in Sweden, based on the management objectives and strategies of key stakeholders. We specifically investigated the difference in economic forest values coupled to wood supply and ecological indicators coupled to structural biodiversity between the scenarios over a 100-year period. The indicators were net present value, harvest, growing stock and increment, along with deadwood volume, the density of large trees, area of old forests and mature broadleaf-rich forests. Results: We show that the scenarios have widely different outcomes in terms of the studied indicators, and that differences in indicator outcome were largely due to different distributions in management regimes, i.e., the proportion of forest left unmanaged or under even-aged management or continuous cover forest, as well as specific retention practices. Retention and continuous cover forestry mitigate the negative effects that clear-cut forestry has upon biodiversity. Conclusions: We found that an increase in the forest area under the continuous cover forestry regime could be a cost-efficient way to increase structural diversity in managed boreal forests. On the other hand, no single management regime performed best with respect to all indicators, which means that a mixture of several management regimes is needed to balance conflicting objectives. We also show that the trade-off between economic and ecological indicators was not directly proportional, meaning that an increase in structural biodiversity may be obtained at a proportionally low cost with appropriate management planning.
|
|
| 13. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Management Strategies for Wood Fuel Harvesting-Trade-Offs with Biodiversity and Forest Ecosystem Services
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy is expected to contribute to mitigating climate change. One major source for bioenergy is woody biomass from forests, including logging residues, stumps, and whole trees from young dense stands. However, at increased extraction rates of woody biomass, the forest ecosystem, its biodiversity, and its ability to contribute to fundamental ecosystem services will be affected. We used simulation and optimization techniques to assess the impact of different management strategies on the supply of bioenergy and the trade-offs between wood fuel harvesting, biodiversity, and three other ecosystem services-reindeer husbandry, carbon storage, and recreation. The projections covered 100 years and a forest area of 3 million ha in northern Sweden. We found that the development of novel and cost-effective management systems for biomass outtake from young dense stands may provide options for a significant supply of bioenergy to the emerging bioeconomy, while at the same time securing biodiversity and important ecosystem values in future stand developments. In addition, there is potential to increase the extraction of harvest residues and stumps while simultaneously improving conditions for biodiversity and the amount of carbon stored in forest ecosystems compared to current levels. However, the projected continuing trend of increased forest density (in terms of basal area) has a negative impact on the potential for reindeer husbandry and recreation, which calls for researching new management strategies on landscape levels.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Eggers, Jeannette
(författare)
-
Opportunity Costs of In Situ Carbon Storage Derived by Multiple-Objective Stand-Level Optimization-Results from Case Studies in Portugal and Germany
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering in situ carbon storage in forest management has gained momentum under increasing pressure to decarbonize our economies. Here, we present results from case studies in Portugal and Germany showing the opportunity costs of in situ carbon storage derived by multiple-objective optimization. We used a stand-level model to optimize land expectation value under uncertainty as a reference, then derived opportunity costs by including the enhancement of the average carbon storage in aboveground biomass as a second objective. Using the optimal (compromise) solution when considering both objectives simultaneously, we show opportunity costs of EUR 119 (Portugal) and EUR 68 (Germany) per Mg CO2eq. These opportunity costs are higher than conservative, but lower than alternative cost estimates for future damages caused by current CO2 emissions. An important result was that suggested reference solutions in both countries (though only for low discount rates in Portugal) were mixed forests without clearfelling. In Germany, this implicitly elevated carbon storage. Such "closer-to-nature-forest-management" systems were also mostly suggested by the optimization tool when carbon storage was an objective.
|
|
| 16. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Overview of the PlanWise application and examples of its use
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many demands on forests today, such as producing wood and bioenergy, maintaining biodiversity, providing attractive recreational settings, and mitigating climate. These objectives are partly in conflict with each other, and management strategies differ in how much they contribute to each of these objectives. Therefore, there is a need to assess the long-term consequences of different management strategies on e.g. indicators for different ecosystem services and biodiversity. One important tool to do such assessments are forest decision support systems (DSS), i.e. ‘computer-based systems that help decision makers to analyse and solve ill-structured problems’ (Vacik et al. 2015). Methodologically, DSS can be classified into three groups: DSS based on simulation, DSS based on optimization, and DSS used for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). In this context, simulation means that forest management rules are specified, and the outcome is based on an application of these rules (Nobre et al. 2016). The simulator thus projects the likely development of the forest, and the resulting ecosystem services under pre-defined management rules. Simulators are useful for answering “what if” questions, i.e., for assessing the consequences of a limited set of pre-defined management alternatives. The advantage of simulation approaches lies in the relative ease of formulating the problem and interpreting the output. Simulation approaches are useful for projecting the consequences of a limited set of predefined scenarios. DSS based on optimization, in contrast, generate a large set of alternatives from which the best alternative is selected using an optimising algorithm based on the goals and constraints of the planning problem. These kinds of DSS can be used for answering “How to” questions, i.e., for finding the optimal way to reach certain objectives. Optimisation problems thus require that the user defines forest management goals and constraints rather than strict management rules. Both simulation and optimization approaches can be used to generate a number of scenarios, which can be used in a MCDA approach to identify the solution that best fits decision makers’ preference’s for different objectives. MCDA is the collective term for a set of mathematical methods and approaches used to find solutions to decision problems with multiple conflicting objectives.In Sweden, the forest DSS most widely used in research, education and at forest companies for producing long-term plans and making analysis related to forest and forestry is Heureka. The Heureka forest DSS was developed at SLU and the first 1. Introduction 7 version was released in 2009 (Wikström et al. 2011). The system includes three applications that are designed to be used for different types of analysis and at different spatial levels and one application that helps compare scenarios (such as different long-term forest management plans) using MCDA. StandWise is an interactive simulator for stand-level analysis. PlanWise, which we focus on in this report, is a system for analyzing a large set of forest management options in order to identify the best alternative using optimization based on user-defined objectives and constraints. RegWise, on the other hand, is based on a simulation approach where users pre-define the management for e.g. different forest types and landowners through management rules. The advantage of using PlanWise is the possibility to find the most cost-effective solution among a nearly continuous scale of possible alternatives. On the other hand, problems with a high degree of stochasticity are difficult to formulate and solve with in the PlanWise application. For such problems, RegWise could be a better alternative. Finally, PlanEval is a MCDA application designed to evaluate and rank forest plans or scenarios created in PlanWise or RegWise. PlanEval is also available as a web version intended for participatory planning processes.The aim of the report is to present how the Heureka PlanWise application can be used in different types of analysis for mapping and valuation of the future state of the forest, and forest-related indicators for ecosystem services and biodiversity. More specifically, we show which indicators can be assessed, how the type of input data determines what kind of analysis can be done, and how to assess trade-offs between conflicting objectives. We give several examples from recent research projects.
|
|
| 17. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Replik: Att bidra till en beboelig planet borde intressera alla – även forskare
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Curie: en tidning från Vetenskapsrådet.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fönstret för att säkra en hållbar framtid för alla är på väg att stängas. Även vi forskare måste fråga oss vilka vi vill vara i denna avgörande tid för mänskligheten. Det skriver några av de forskare som skrev under Forskarupproret i Aftonbladet, i en replik till Björn Hassler i den pågående debatten i Curie om forskare och aktivism.
|
|
| 18. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Replik: Visst måste forskare kunna kräva att forskning tas på allvar
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Curie: en tidning från Vetenskapsrådet.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Forskaruppropet i Aftonbladet uppmanade politikerna att ta klimatkrisen på allvar. Uppropet har kritiserats i Curie för att innehålla alltför konkreta förslag och vara ett exempel på grupporienterad aktivism som urholkar allmänhetens förtroende för forskning. Men att kalla den som kräver att vetenskap och kunskap tas på allvar i politiken för aktivist är absurt, replikerar några av dem som skrev under debattartikeln
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Eriksson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Availability and mobilization of forest resources in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 73, s. 703–712-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The available amount of wood supply is essential for national strategic planning and evaluation of forestry in Sweden. Since Sweden holds a large part of the forests in the European Union and plays a significant role in the global trade of wood-based products, a precise estimate of the potential of the Swedish forest resource is also important in regional and global outlook studies. In this study, we analyse factors influencing the availability and mobilization of wood supply. By comparing data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory with the stand registers of the five largest forest owners in Sweden, we estimate the productive forest area not included in the forest owners' stand databases. Our results show that 0.4 million hectares, or 5% of these large-scale forest owners productive forest area, is outside their stand registers and therefore neither included in their long-term harvesting plans nor in their nature conservation plans. For small-scale forest owners, we analyse the final felling rate during 2004-2020 using satellite imagery to estimate the proportion of properties that abstain from final fellings and thereby could affect the potential mobilization of wood supply. During this period, 32% of the forest properties owned by small-scale forest owners have not done any final felling. These forest estates hold in total 1.1 million hectares of productive forest land or 9% of the area owned by small-scale forest owners. This implies a gap between the potential and realistic estimates for Forest Available for Wood Supply.
|
|
| 24. |
- Eriksson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Management Response to Wind Disturbances in European Forests
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Current Forestry Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2198-6436.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of the Review The review synthesises the current knowledge of post-windstorm management in selected European countries in order to identify knowledge gaps and guide future research. Recent Findings Despite the differences in forest ownership and national regulations, management experiences in Europe converge at (1) the need for mechanization of post-windthrow management to ensure operator safety, (2) the importance to promote operator training and optimise the coordination between all the actors involved in disturbance management and (3) the need to implement measures to consolidate the timber market while restoring forest ecosystem services and maintain biodiversity. Windstorms are natural disturbances that drive forest dynamics but also result in socio-economic losses. As the frequency and magnitude of wind disturbances will likely increase in the future, improved disturbance management is needed. We here highlight the best practices and remaining challenges regarding the strategic, operational, economic and environmental dimensions of post-windthrow management in Europe. Our literature review underlined that post-disturbance management needs to be tailored to each individual situation, taking into account the type of forest, site conditions, available resources and respective legislations. The perspectives on windthrown timber differ throughout Europe, ranging from leaving trees on site to storing them in sophisticated wet storage facilities. Salvage logging is considered important in forests susceptible to bark beetle outbreaks, while no salvage logging is recommended in forests protecting against natural hazards. Remaining research gaps include questions of balancing between the positive and negative effects of salvage logging and integrating climate change considerations more explicitly in post-windthrow management.
|
|
| 25. |
- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Downscaling of Long-Term Global Scenarios to Regions with a Forest Sector Model
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Highlights:Long-term global scenarios give insights on how social and economic developments and international agreements may impact land use, trade, product markets, and carbon balances. They form a valuable basis for forming national forest policies. Many aspects related to long-term management of forests and consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services can only be addressed at regional and landscape levels. In order to be attended to in the policy process, there is a need for a method that downscales national scenarios to these finer levels.Background and Objectives:Regional framework conditions depend on management activities in the country as a whole. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of a forest sector model (FSM) as a method for downscaling national scenarios results to regional level. The national FSM takes the global scenario data (e.g., harvest level and market prices over time) and solves the national problem. The result for the region of interest is taken as framework conditions for the regional study.Materials and Methods:Two different specifications are tested. One lets product volumes and prices represent endogenous variables in the FSM model. The other takes volumes and prices from the global scenario as exogenous parameters. The first specification attains a maximum net social payoff whereas the second specification means that net present value is maximized under a harvest constraint.Results:The maximum net social payoff specification conforms better to economic factors than the maximum net present value specification but could give national harvest volume trajectories that deviates from what is derived from the global model. This means that regional harvest activity can deviate considerably from the national average, attesting to the benefit of the use of the FSM-based method
|
|
| 26. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for production forests : Trade-offs, synergies, and uncertainties in biodiversity and ecosystem services delivery in Northern Europe
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53, s. 1-16
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies (CCAMS) are changes to the management of production forests motivated by the need to mitigate climate change, or adapt production forests to climate change risks. Sweden is employing CCAMS with unclear implications for biodiversity and forest ecosystem services (ES). Here, we synthesized evidence from 51 published scientific reviews, to evaluate the potential implications for biodiversity and a range of provisioning, regulating, and cultural ES, from the adoption of CCAMS relative to standard forestry practice. The CCAMS assessed were the adoption of (i) mixed-species stands, (ii) continuous cover forestry, (iii) altered rotation lengths, (iv) conversion to introduced tree species, (v) logging residue extraction, (vi) stand fertilization, and (vii) altered ditching/draining practices. We highlight the complexity of biodiversity and ES outcomes, identify knowledge gaps, and emphasize the importance of evidence-based decision making and landscape-scale planning when navigating choices involving the widespread adoption of CCAMS.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Hahn, Thomas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Specified resilience value of alternative forest management adaptations to storms
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 36:7-8, s. 585-597
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resilient ecosystems provide natural insurance value, or resilience value, to the landowner and to society at large. In response to global calls for integrating biodiversity in sector policy and planning, we analysed the specified resilience value by simulating three storm regimes and five management scenarios: Business As Usual/BAU (spruce-dominance), Spruce Monoculture, More Broadleaves, Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), and No Thinnings. The forest decision support system Heureka RegWise was used to simulate the effects of storms on forest dynamics and Net Present Value (NPV). No Thinnings, CCF and More Broadleaves were more resilient to storms (reduced damage cost) compared to BAU. BAU had the highest NPV only if storms are ignored, a common assumption in today’s forest planning. Given storms, No Thinnings maximises NPV on landscape level. On the 20% most vulnerable plots the NPV was much higher for No Thinnings and slightly higher for CCF and More Broadleaves, compared to BAU. CCF and More Broadleaves also provide nature-based solutions (co-benefits) including public goods. However, forestry adaptations to storms are slow in Sweden, in contrast to e.g. German state forestry which emphasises maximising tree growth and resilience to several stresses and disturbances rather than NPV optimisation.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- López-Andújar Fustel, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of management strategies on forest susceptibility to spruce bark beetle damage and potential trade-offs with timber production and biodiversity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 563
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European spruce bark beetle (SBB) is an important insect pest in many countries such as Sweden and has caused the loss of millions of trees over the past few decades. Forest management targeting key variables in the forest can be a potential tool to decrease SBB susceptibility. In this paper, we simulated forest development over a 70-year planning horizon and evaluated the effect of different forest management strategies on spruce bark beetle susceptibility, timber production and biodiversity indicators. We used national forest inventory plots located in Kronoberg county, Southern Sweden, from 2016 to 2020 to perform the analyses. A reference strategy mimicking current management practices was simulated and compared with four other management strategies that can be an alternative to decrease spruce bark beetle damage. The four management strategies were (1) mixed forest stands, (2) shorter rotations and no thinnings, (3) prolonged rotations and (4) continuous cover forestry. The strategies differed in how and when regeneration, pre-commercial thinning, thinnings and final fellings were performed. The optimization of each of the strategies was aimed at reducing spruce bark beetle susceptibility while simultaneously investigating trade-offs with a range of timber production demands. In addition, we simulated a combined strategy where any of the strategies could be chosen with the objective of reducing spruce bark beetle susceptibility. Also, we evaluated each strategy with respect to biodiversity indicators described in the Swedish environmental quality objective Living Forests. The results show that a combination of all strategies is the most effective option to manage the forest to achieve the lowest average susceptibility in the analysed forest area. Shorter rotation management also resulted in low susceptibility. In addition, management strategies leading to large reductions in the abundance of large stem diameter Norway spruce trees in the landscape achieve lower susceptibility values. Our results suggest that various management strategies, alone or in combination with others, can be successfully employed to decrease forest susceptibility to spruce bark beetle damage. However, achieving multiple management objectives simultaneously, such as timber production and promotion of biodiversity, may require additional constraints in the mathematical models in addition to the settings used to describe each of the strategies. Future work should explore incorporating these additional constraints to better optimize management decisions.
|
|
| 31. |
- López-Andújar Fustel, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial optimization for reducing wind exposure of forest stands at the property level
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 502
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Storms constitute one of the major natural disturbances in Sweden and its associated damages appear to be in an upward trend during the last 35 years in Europe. In addition, storm damages are expected to increase in the future due to the shortening of the soil frost period during the winter caused by climate change. Here we present a new optimization model to be used in forest planning for decreasing the wind exposure for storms over time through the minimization of vulnerable edges between neighbouring stands in a forest property. Three different cases were investigated where height differences of 5, 10 and 15 m between neighbouring stands were used to identify vulnerable edges in the property. The model, which accounts for the higher sensitivity of spruce compared to other tree species, was formulated as a mixed integer programming problem and solved using a branch and bound algorithm in a case study for a forest property in southern Sweden. In the case study, we investigated the trade-off between minimizing the length of vulnerable stand edges and the net present value from wood production. Our results show that it is possible to decrease vulnerable edge length with relatively moderate declines in the maximum achievable net present value, resulting in a clustering of dominant heights of neighbouring stands. Larger decreases in vulnerable edge length led to larger decreases in net present value, and an increased area proportion of forest older than 80 years. This model can easily be adapted to other planning problems in which edge effects are important.
|
|
| 32. |
- Lämås, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
The multi-faceted Swedish Heureka forest decision support system: context, functionality, design, and 10 years experiences of its use
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in forests and global change. - 2624-893X. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several decades, computerized forest decision support systems (DSS) have helped managers and decision makers to analyze different management options and supported the search for preferred management alternatives. In Sweden, a country rich in forests and with a long tradition in intensive forest management, such systems have been developed and available since the 1970s. Changes in societal as well as in forest owners' preferences and objectives in the 1990s led to a need for forest DSS handling broader perspectives compared to precedent single-objective timber-oriented systems. In Sweden, this led to the initiation of a research programme in the beginning of the 2000s aiming at developing a versatile and multi-objective forest DSS, resulting in the first version of the Heureka forest DSS released in 2009. The system handles several forest values, such as timber and biofuel production, carbon sequestration, dead wood dynamics, habitat for species, recreation and susceptibility to forest damages (spruce bark beetle, wind-throw and root rot). It contains a suite of software for different problem settings and geographical scales and uses simulation as well as optimization techniques. Three software handle projections of the forest using a common core of growth and yield models for simulating forest dynamics. A fourth software, built for multi-criteria decision analysis and including a web-version, enables also group decision making and participatory planning. For more than 10 years, the Heureka system has been used in teaching, environmental analysis, research and as decision support in practical forestry. For example, several research groups using the system for analyses in different problem areas have so far published more than 80 scientific papers. The system is used for nation-wide forest impact analysis for policy support and all large and many medium-sized forest owners use it for their long-term forest planning, meaning that it directly influences forest management decisions and activities on more than 50% of the Swedish forest area. Besides presenting the present system and its use, we also discuss lessons learned and potential future development.
|
|
| 33. |
- Mazziotta, Adriano, et al.
(författare)
-
More future synergies and less trade-offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28, s. 6333-6348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reach the Paris Agreement, societies need to increase the global terrestrial carbon sink. There are many climate change mitigation solutions (CCMS) for forests, including increasing bioenergy, bioeconomy, and protection. Bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions use climate-smart, intensive management to generate high quantities of bioenergy and bioproducts. Protection of (semi-)natural forests is a major component of "natural climate solution" (NCS) since forests store carbon in standing biomass and soil. Furthermore, protected forests provide more habitat for biodiversity and non-wood ecosystem services (ES). We investigated the impacts of different CCMS and climate scenarios, jointly or in isolation, on future wood ES, non-wood ES, and regulating ES for a major wood provider for the international market. Specifically, we projected future ES given by three CCMS scenarios for Sweden 2020-2100. In the long term, fulfilling the increasing wood demand through bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will decrease ES multifunctionality, but the increased stand age and wood stocks induced by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will partially offset these negative effects. Adopting bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will have a greater negative impact on ES supply than adopting NCS. Bioenergy or bioeconomy solutions, as well as increasing GHG emissions, will reduce synergies and increase trade-offs in ES. NCS, by contrast, increases the supply of multiple ES in synergy, even transforming current ES trade-offs into future synergies. Moreover, NCS can be considered an adaptation measure to offset negative climate change effects on the future supplies of non-wood ES. In boreal countries around the world, forestry strategies that integrate NCS more deeply are crucial to ensure a synergistic supply of multiple ES.
|
|
| 34. |
- Moor, Helen, et al.
(författare)
-
Rebuilding green infrastructure in boreal production forest given future global wood demand
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 59, s. 1659-1669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global policy for future biodiversity conservation is ultimately implemented at landscape and local scales. In parallel, green infrastructure planning needs to account for socioeconomic dynamics at national and global scales. Progress towards policy goals must, in turn, be evaluated at the landscape scale. Evaluation tools are often environmental quality indicators. How developments of different organism groups will relate to developments of these indicators is unclear. We evaluated three management scenarios for a 100,000 hectare boreal forest landscape in the coming 100 years in terms of their effects on the future habitat suitability/occupancy of four bird species, six wood-decaying fungi and one lichen, most of them red-listed. The scenarios optimize financial returns and account for downscaled projected global demand of wood given a middle-of-the road Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP2). We contrast a reference scenario meeting the wood demand against an economy scenario with no upper harvest limit, and a green infrastructure scenario optimizing the levels of environmental indicators. Environmental indicators generally reached the highest and lowest levels in the green infrastructure and economy scenarios, respectively. Most indicators increased further in set-asides. The profit was 14% lower in the green infrastructure and 2% higher in the economy than in the reference scenario. In the green infrastructure scenario, the species increased on average by 135%, followed by the reference scenario (+65%), and the economy scenario (+47%). All bird species increased in the green infrastructure scenario, while in the other scenarios, only hazel grouse increased and Siberian tit instead decreased. Most fungi increased in the production forest of the green infrastructure scenario but decreased in the economy scenario. All increased in set-asides. In all scenarios, the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria increased, owing to host tree retention. Synthesis and applications. Effects of global socioeconomic developments can be downscaled and accounted for in planning landscape-scale forest and conservation management. Accounting for indicators of environmental quality identified forest management scenarios for reaching targets on both revenue and conservation. Rebuilding green infrastructure in the production forest was possible at a relatively minor economic cost and to the benefit of species of conservation concern.
|
|
| 35. |
- Nordkvist, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Development and implementation of a spruce bark beetle susceptibility index: A framework to compare bark beetle susceptibility on stand level
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Trees, Forests and People. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7193. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spruce bark beetle (spruce bark beetle) (Ips typographus) is one of the major disturbance agents in European forests. Damage by spruce bark beetle is expected to increase in the future, as a result of e.g. increased temperatures. However, not all forest stands are equally vulnerable. Therefore, describing the relative difference in susceptibility of different forest stands to spruce bark beetle infestation and to try to estimate changes in susceptibility under different management or climate scenarios is necessary to support decision making on forest management. We present a spruce bark beetle susceptibility index, which describes the relative sus-ceptibility of forest stands to spruce bark beetle infestation. The index is based on empirical findings and expert opinion, and takes both climatic and stand variables into account. The index can be implemented in forest simulation programs. The susceptibility index was implemented in Heureka, a forest decision support system. To demonstrate the use of the index, simulations were run for three management scenarios: baseline; even-aged management focused on conifers, longer rotation: same as baseline but with longer rotation periods and mixed forest: same as baseline but retaining a higher share of broadleaves. For this purpose, an area of 2451 ha consisting of 751 stands was used. The index value per stand per five-year time period was obtained from the simulations. The index was calculated individually, per management strategy, for all 751 stands and thereafter mean index and harvest volume was obtained for the whole area. Mean susceptibility was higher, and harvest slightly lower, in the longer rotation scenario, compared with the baseline, while there were no differences between baseline and mixed. At individual stand level, the differences are more nuanced and, for example, certain stands have lower susceptibility in the mixed compared with the baseline scenario. The ability to simulate forest development and simultaneously get a measure of spruce bark beetle susceptibility will enable forest owners to identify vulnerable stands and evaluate effects of different management decisions to reduce the risk for future economic losses.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Roos, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Using von Thünen rings and service-dominant logic in balancing forest ecosystem services
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 79, s. 622-632
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The allocation of forest land to different uses for ecosystem services (ES) is a complex task which is increasingly influenced by current urbanisation trends and the growth of the service-oriented economy. With the focus on cultural ES, this paper examines the principles that are intended to ensure the best cultural ES value in forest land use allocation. The analysis considers the co-creation process of cultural ES value and the trade-off between cultural and other categories of ES in an urban rural context. A literature review of applied studies on forest land use allocation and ES is presented and research gaps are identified. Based on the findings of the review, two theoretical frameworks for an improved analysis of cultural ES value and land use allocation are suggested: the von Thiinen location theory and service-dominant logic (SDL). Von Thiinen showed that optimal land use is determined by the land rents for different alternative uses, which vary depending on distance from population centres. SDL, a theory from the field of marketing research, focuses on the role of skills and services in addition to the traditional goods-related attributes for the creation of customer value. This paper argues that a combination of the two frameworks can inspire future research and policymaking concerning forest land use allocation. The von Thiinen framework highlights the role of local forest landscapes in proximity to population centres for creating cultural ES value. The SDL theory emphasises the co-creation of forest based cultural ES value that involves the forest ecosystem; beneficiaries of cultural ES value; and actors, who also are resource integrators (e.g. forest owners, planners, associations and other actors). Examples of applications of the two frameworks are given and both practical implications and limitations are discussed.
|
|
| 38. |
- Schulte, Maximilian, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate change mitigation from increased paper recycling in Sweden : conserving forests or utilizing substitution?
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research Communications (ERC). - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7620. ; 6:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change mitigation by increased paper recycling can alleviate the two-sided pressure on the Swedish forest sector: supplying growing demands for wood-based products and increasing the forest carbon sink. This study assesses two scenarios for making use of a reduced demand for primary pulp resulting from an increased paper recycling rate in Sweden, from the present 72% to 78%. A Conservation scenario uses the saved primary pulp to reduce pulplog harvests so as to increase the forest carbon sink concomitant with constant overall wood product supply. In contrast, a Substitution scenario uses the saved primary pulp to produce man-made cellulosic fibers (MMCF) from dissolving pulp replacing cotton fiber, implying increased overall wood product supply. Our results suggest that utilizing efficiency gains in paper recycling to reduce pulplog harvests is better from a climate change mitigation perspective than producing additional MMCF to substitute cotton fiber. This conclusion holds even when assuming the use of by-products from dissolving pulp making and an indirect increase in MMCF availability. Hence, unless joint improvements across the value chain materialize, the best climate change mitigation option from increased paper recycling in Sweden would seemingly be to reduce fellings rather than producing additional MMCF.
|
|
| 39. |
- Schulte, Maximilian, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate change mitigation from increased paper recycling in Sweden: conserving forests or utilizing substitution?
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Environmental research communications. - 2515-7620. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change mitigation by increased paper recycling can alleviate the two-sided pressure on the Swedish forest sector: supplying growing demands for wood-based products and increasing the forest carbon sink. This study assesses two scenarios for making use of a reduced demand for primary pulp resulting from an increased paper recycling rate in Sweden, from the present 72% to 78%. A Conservation scenario uses the saved primary pulp to reduce pulplog harvests so as to increase the forest carbon sink concomitant with constant overall wood product supply. In contrast, a Substitution scenario uses the saved primary pulp to produce man-made cellulosic fibers (MMCF) from dissolving pulp replacing cotton fiber, implying increased overall wood product supply. Our results suggest that utilizing efficiency gains in paper recycling to reduce pulplog harvests is better from a climate change mitigation perspective than producing additional MMCF to substitute cotton fiber. This conclusion holds even when assuming the use of by-products from dissolving pulp making and an indirect increase in MMCF availability. Hence, unless joint improvements across the value chain materialize, the best climate change mitigation option from increased paper recycling in Sweden would seemingly be to reduce fellings rather than producing additional MMCF.
|
|
| 40. |
- Schulte, Maximilian, et al.
(författare)
-
Demand-driven climate change mitigation and trade-offs from wood product substitution : The case of Swedish multi-family housing construction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-family housing construction (MFHC) with wood instead of concrete as frame material results in lower greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, substituting wood for concrete in MFHC in Sweden until 2030, and onwards to 2070, could be a promising climate change mitigation option. But to what extent, and how would it impact Sweden’s forests? Here we assess climate and biodiversity implications - in terms of the area of old forest - of a completely wood-based future MFHC in Sweden. The wood required is assumed to be exclusively sourced as additional fellings in Swedish forests, thus carbon leakage from wood imports as well as displacement of other wood uses can be disregarded. Different types of timber frame systems and the role of varying future dwelling sizes are considered. We find that the wood needed for a complete substitution of concrete would result in very minor increases in harvests. We further register slight net additional climate change mitigation, irrespective of the wood construction system. There is a small tradeoff between climate change mitigation and biodiversity, as the area of old forest reduces slightly. The largest climate benefit, and lowest impact on Swedish forests, is provided when using timber-light frame combined with reduced dwelling size. © 2023 The Authors
|
|
| 41. |
- Stjernström, Olof, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-level planning and conflicting interests in the forest landscape
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Globalisation and change in forest ownership and forest use. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137571168 - 9781137571151 ; , s. 225-259
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes and analyses overlapping planning structures and multi-level planning issues and how they affect current land use and management in the forest landscape. Forest land use in Sweden is based on a large proportion of privately owned forests with the primary purpose of producing timber for the forest industries. Nevertheless, the forests are also characterised by multiple uses and many stakeholders (economic as well as ecological and social) who express themselves and relate to forest management. In this chapter, we present a number of methods, both traditional and more recent, for managing multiple use of the forest landscape. These range from physical planning and the Swedish Right of Public Access to Natura 2000, forest certification, reindeer-husbandry plans, and scenario techniques.
|
|
| 42. |
- Wilhelmsson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving dynamic treatment unit forest planning with cellular automata heuristics
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 141, s. 887-900
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a model for conducting dynamic treatment unit (DTU) forest planning using a heuristic cellular automata (CA) approach. The clustering of DTUs is driven by entry costs associated with treatments, thus we directly model the economic incentive to cluster. The model is based on the work presented in the literature but enhanced by adding a third phase to the CA algorithm where DTUs are mapped in high detail. The model allows separate but nearby forest areas to be included in the same DTU and shares the entry cost if they are within a defined distance. The model is applied to a typical long-term forest planning problem for a 1 182 ha landscape in northern Sweden, represented by 4 218 microsegments with an average size of 0.28 ha. The added phase increased the utility by 1.5-32.2%. The model produced consistent solutions-more than half of all microsegments were managed with the same treatment program in 95% of all solutions when multiple solutions were found.
|
|
| 43. |
- Öhman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Integrerad planering av virkesproduktion och naturvård
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns i dag ett behov av modeller för långsiktig planering som möjliggör integrerade analyser av virkesproduktion och naturvård. Genom att inkludera de båda målen i samma planeringsmodell ökar möjligheterna att hitta optimala skötselstrategier som ger en högre måluppfyllelse. I denna rapport presenterar vi en areabaserad modell där planering av virkesproduktion och lokalisering av frivilliga avsättningar integreras i en och samma planeringsmodell Genom att inkludera val av områden för frivillig avsättning i en traditionell modell för långsiktig planering så kan konflikten mellan skogsbruk för virkesproduktion och naturvård utvärderas och därmed kan kostnadseffektiva lösningar för naturvård identifieras. Modellen har utvärderats i en fallstudie utförd på ett delområde av Mistra Digital Forests försöksområde utanför Sundsvall. I studien är den rastercellsbaserade informationen gällande initialt skogstillstånd segmenterade till ”avdelningar” med två olika fall av geografisk upplösning. I fall ett är medelarealen 1 ha och i fall två är medelarealen 10 ha. Resultaten från fallstudien visar att de finns en konflikt mellan grad av fragmentering av frivilliga avsättningar och nuvärde från framtida skogsskötsel. Men genom att acceptera en begränsad minskning av nuvärde kan stora förbättringar göras i termer av avsättningarnas geografiska läge. Analyserna visar även att möjligheterna ökar ytterligare att minska fragmenteringen om man använder sig av en mindre storlek på segmenten i planeringen. Detta förutsätter dock att man inkluderar den typen av hänsyn i den planeringsmodell man använder. Resultatet från studien visar även att det är extra viktigt att ta rumslig hänsyn när medelstorleken på avdelningarna är mindre. Om ingen rumslig hänsyn införs i planeringsmodellen utan man endast inkluderar ett krav på en viss mängd avsättning kommer modellen föreslå avdelningar för frivillig avsättning som leder till en hög grad av fragmentering. Vidare påvisar fallstudien att segmentering och tilldelning av data till segmenten kan ha inverkan på företeelser som skattning av arealer av habitat för arter i de fall då samma rastervisa data ligger bakom bildande av segmenten.
|
|
| 44. |
- Öhman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategisk skoglig planering – jämförelse mellan stratabaserade och areabaserade ansatser
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den strategiska skogliga planeringen utarbetas långsiktiga strategier för nyttjandet av skogsresursen, vilket kan inkludera hur avverkningspotentialen ska nyttjas över tid, val av föryngringsträdslag, samt inriktningen för miljö- och naturvård. Med andra ord så lägger strategisk planering grunden till ett hållbart brukande av skogen. Vid många av de större skogsbolagen i Sverige tillämpas sedan årtionden en stickprovsvis, stratabaserad ansats för den strategiska planeringen. Ett alternativ till den stratabaserade ansatsen är den areabaserade ansatsen, dvs. att i planeringsmodellen använda sig av information från alla avdelningar. Den areabaserade ansatsen har många fördelar, t.ex. att planeringen blir rumsligt explicit vilket möjliggör beaktande av en mängd aspekter kopplade till långsiktig hållbarhet. Trots detta används i dagsläget den areabaserade ansatsen endast i begränsad omfattning. I denna rapport beskriver vi strategisk planering med en strata- respektive areabaserad ansats. Vi går också igenom respektive ansats fördelar och utmaningar. Utgångspunkten i rapporten är skoglig planering för större skogsinnehav (tiotusentals ha till miljontals ha) med stöd av beslutsstödssystem som inkluderar optimeringsmetoder för att formulera och lösa det strategiska planeringsproblemet.
|
|
