| 1. |
- Dahlgren Sandberg, Annika, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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The Rett Syndrome Complex Communicative Functions in Relation to Developmental Level and Autistic Features
- 2000
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Ingår i: Autism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1362-3613 .- 1461-7005. ; 4:3, s. 249-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communicative functions and their relationship with overall developmental level and autistic features were studied in eight young women with disorders in the Rett syndrome complex, three with the classical variant and five with variants with partially preserved/ regained speech. The Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, individual structured observation, and a specially designed structured interview covering early pre-linguistic and linguistic development, current receptive and expressive language and non-verbal communication skills, were used. Autistic features were evaluated in accordance with the DSM-IV. Low levels of communicative abilities and overall functioning were demonstrated. In most cases, the communicative abilities did not reach the level expected on the basis of overall development. Joint attention behaviours and expressions of communicative intent were rare. However, six of the eight subjects showed clear examples of social interaction abilities. ‘Eye pointing’, as distinct from ‘eye communication’, was demonstrated only in a minority of the cases. The level of communicative function at developmental arrest did not predict later language ability. It is suggested that intervention should focus on developing further the joint attention behaviours, intentional communications and communicative functions spontaneously used by individuals with disorders in the Rett syndrome complex.
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| 2. |
- Ehlers, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - 0162-3257. ; 29:2, s. 129-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high-functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) is a 27-item check- list for completion by lay informants when assessing symptoms characteristic of Asperger syn- drome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with normal intelligence or mild mental retardation. Data for parent and teacher ratings in a clini- cal sample are presented along with various measures of reliability and validity. Optimal cut- off scores were estimated, using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Findings indi- cate that the ASSQ is a useful brief screening device for the identification of autism spectrum disorders in clinical settings.
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| 3. |
- Ehlers, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Asperger syndrome, autism and attention disorders: a comparative study of the cognitive profiles of 120 children.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 38:2, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was applied (in a Swedish version) in 120 children with Asperger syndrome, autistic disorder, and attention disorders. Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the WISC's discriminating ability was investigated. The overall rate of correct diagnostic classification was 63%. Further, WISC profiles were analysed within each group. The group with autistic disorder was characterised by a peak on Block Design. The Asperger syndrome group had good verbal ability and troughs on Object Assembly and Coding. The group with attention disorders had troughs on Coding and Arithmetic. The results suggest that Kaufman's Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organisation and Freedom from Distractibility factors rather than verbal IQ and performance IQ account for the variance on the WISC. Furthermore, the Asperger syndrome and autistic disorder groups differed in respect of "fluid" and "crystallised" cognitive ability.
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| 4. |
- Ehlers, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Mental Impairment and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Family with FRAXF
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neurocase. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-4794 .- 1465-3656. ; 5:6, s. 533-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mother and her three children with fragile X syndrome (FRAXF fragile site), shown by cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods, were neuro psychiatrically and psychometrically evaluated. All individuals exhibited clear learning disability, as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The findings suggest that these clinical attributes, particularly mental impairment, may be a phenotypic expression of the FRAXF fragility.
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| 5. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Autism Under Age 3 Years: A Clinical Study of 28 Cases Referred for Autistic Symptoms in Infancy
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 31:6, s. 921-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-eight children referred with a preliminary diagnosis of autistic disorder under age 3 yrs were extensively examined from the neuropsychiatric point of view and followed up for several months to several years. A diagnosis of autistic disorder was confirmed in 75% of the cases. A variety of associated medical conditions was identified. It was concluded that autism can be diagnosed in a substantial proportion of cases before age 3 yrs and that the neurobiological background is similar to that seen in older autistic children.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Happé, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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'Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Neuroreport. - 0959-4965. ; 8:1, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to attribute mental states to others ('theory of mind') pervades normal social interaction and is impaired in autistic individuals. In a previous positron emission tomography scan study of normal volunteers, performing a 'theory of mind' task was associated with activity in left medial prefrontal cortex. We used the same paradigm in five patients with Asperger syndrome, a mild variant of autism with normal intellectual functioning. No task-related activity was found in this region, but normal activity was observed in immediately adjacent areas. This result suggests that a highly circumscribed region of left medial prefrontal cortex is a crucial component of the brain system that underlies the normal understanding of other minds.
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| 8. |
- Jacobsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD : Diagnostik och behandling, vårdens organisation och patientens delaktigheten systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2013
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- ADHD En funktionsnedsättning med debut i baranåren. Kärmsymtom karaktäriseras av uppmärksamhetsproblem, impulsivitet ioch hyperaktivitet.I ett antal fall sker en normalisering eller mognadsprocess, i andra fall kan någon form av psykisk ohälsa förekommma samtidigt. Den diagnostiska utredningen är omfattande, och både instrument för diagnostik och den diagnostiska processen bör undersökas bättre.Många olika insatser och behandlingar, förutom läkemedel förekommer idag, men kunskapen om eras nytta, risker och kostnader måste förbättras. Vissa läkemedel lindrar ADHD symtom vid korttidsbehandling, men nyttan av långtidsbehandling går inte att bedöma. Vanliga biverjkningar av dessa läkemedel är illamående och nedsatt aptit, för barn viktminskning och pulsökning.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ramberg, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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Language and pragmatic functions in school-age children on the autism spectrum
- 1996
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Ingår i: European Journal of Disorders of Communication. - 0963-7273. ; 31:4, s. 387-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined group differences in language and pragmatic functions across sex-, age- and IQ-matched samples of Asperger syndrome (N = 22), high-functioning autism (N = 11), deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) (N = 11), and speech and language disorder (SLD) (N = 11) groups. The purpose was to explore possible differentiating features in the fields of vocabulary, comprehension and pragmatics and, in addition, to determine whether Asperger syndrome could be reliably separated from high-functioning autism on these variables. The findings suggest that Asperger syndrome may be associated with higher full-scale and verbal IQ than high-functioning autism; Asperger syndrome may not be associated with better pragmatic skills (as defined in this context) than high-functioning autism; language comprehension may not clearly separate Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism once the effects of very low IQ are partialled out; both DAMP and SLD can be distinctly separated from Asperger syndrome and autism.
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| 11. |
- Zappella, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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The preserved speech variant: a subgroup of the Rett complex: a clinical report of 30 cases
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - 0162-3257. ; 28:6, s. 519-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty girls and young women, 6 from Sweden and 24 from Italy, are described in this paper. They ranged in age from 5 through 28 years. All but one of the cases met full symptom criteria for DSM-IV autistic disorder. However, they also showed many features of classic Rett syndrome (RS) as outlined by the Rett syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group. All met the required 3 out of 6 main criteria and 47% also met both these and the required 5 out of 11 supportive criteria for RS variants as outlined by Hagberg. The course of the disorder was more benign than in classic RS, but all the girls were severely functionally impaired. There was familial clustering in a subgroup. It is concluded that these 30 cases represent a syndrome, similar and probably related, to classic RS. It is suggested that there is a spectrum of syndromes ranging from severe cases with classical presentation to considerably milder variants. We propose that, at the present state of knowledge, these conditions might be best categorized as subgroups of the "Rett Complex," in which classical RS and the preserved speech variant may be the most frequent.
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