| 1. |
- Borgersen, Hanne C., et al.
(författare)
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Authentic Leadership and Safety Climate Among Seafarers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of leadership & organizational studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1548-0518 .- 1939-7089. ; 21:4, s. 394-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined relationships between authentic leadership and safety climateamong 463 seafarers sailing on 23 merchant vessels in the international shipping industry. A multiple regression analysis was performed, where authentic leadership made a statistically significant contribution to explaining variance in safety climate, controlling for age, rank on board, and social desirable responding. Adding an interaction between authentic leadership and rank on board (officers vs. crew) to the multiple regression analysis did not add to the amount of explained variance (R 2 = .38). Implications for leadership training and safety in shipping are discussed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eid, Jarle, et al.
(författare)
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Developing local crisis leadership : A research and training agenda
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crisis triggered by Covid-19 has exposed the interdependencies of modern society and sparked interest in local response to protracted and complex crisis situations. There has been a growing awareness and interest in the key roles of political and professional stakeholders, their emotional regulation and how they influence team performance and outcomes in dealing with uncertainty and complex crisis situations. While cognitive and behavioral aspects of crisis leadership are well researched, less is understood about how one can mitigate negative emotions, instill trust, or restore public faith and support of security forces and emergency response teams during crises. In addressing this gap, we propose a simplified conceptual roadmap for research and training of local crisis leadership. In this, we emphasize complex problem solving, team interaction, team context and technology and team training design. These four factors represent significant barriers if neglected. On the other side, they may be considerable force multipliers when better understood and managed. We suggest how seven research and training questions could be linked to the four conceptual factors and guide an evidence-based approach to develop local crisis leadership.
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| 4. |
- Eid, Jarle, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed team processes in healthcare services : a scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - 2296-858X. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: High-quality healthcare services is delivered by teams rather than individuals and depends heavily on multidisciplinary cooperation between dispersed healthcare professionals. The aim of this scoping review is to identify common barriers and innovative applications of technology supporting team processes and patient safety, in geographically dispersed healthcare services.Methods: Studies were identified from searches in APA PsychINFO, Epistemonikos and Medline databases, from 2010 to 2023. A detailed search strategy was performed, and studies were included, based on prior established criteria.Results: Among the 19 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria, the majority (85%) were from Europe or North America, and most studies (53%) were quantitative, with a cross-sectional study design. Several reported observed distributed team processes in training and education. Most studies described barriers and detailed how innovative approaches and technological solutions were introduced to improve communication, coordination, and shared mental models in distributed healthcare settings. A small proportion of studies (16%) used health services data to examine interpersonal exchange and team processes.Conclusion: The scoping review offer recommendations to enhance future research on distributed team processes in healthcare services.
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| 5. |
- Eid, Jarle, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Norwegian Impact of Event Scale-Revised in a non-clinical sample
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:5, s. 426-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the widespread use of the Impact of Event Scale to measure post-traumatic stress symptoms, psychometric evaluations of the scale have revealed mixed findings. Aim: The aim of the present study is to provide new empirical evidence and examine the factor structure, reliability, and predictive validity of the Norwegian version of the IES-R. Methods: Posttraumatic stress symptoms were recorded in a student sample (n=312) 3 weeks after the Southeast Asian tsunami disaster in December 2004. Confirmatory factor analyses of the IES-R behavior items using structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed on four models from existing research. Results: The original three-factor model of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms exhibited the best goodness-of-fit indices when defined as oblique. The IES-R also revealed satisfactory reliability. Symptom levels of intrusion and avoidance were moderate, while hyperarousal scores were low, with a significant gender difference. Conclusion: Taken together, the IES-R revealed good psychometric properties in this nonclinical student sample and could be a useful instrument to assess and follow-up on PTSD symptoms after a certain identified trauma.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Trust in a military context : What contributes to trust in superior and subordinate leaders?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Trust Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2151-5581 .- 2151-559X. ; 3:2, s. 125-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to explore which components military personnel in peacekeeping operations perceive as contributing to trust in their superior and subordinate leaders during international or national operations or exercises. Data were collected among 591 military officers and cadets from Norway and Sweden using a questionnaire with open-ended questions. Two superior categories emerged: Individual-Related Characteristics and Communication- and Relationship-Related Characteristics. The former is made up of the higher-level categories Personal attributes and Experience and competence. The latter is derived from the higher-level categories Consideration and inspiration and Effective communication. In turn, all higher-level categories are underpinned by a number of subcategories (13 altogether). When comparing trust in superior leaders with trust in subordinate leaders, the results show that trust in superiors is characterised to a greater extent by Communication- and Relationship-related characteristics and also by Experience and professional knowledge. Trust in subordinate leaders is characterised to a greater extent by Personal attributes and Management competence.
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| 8. |
- Hede, Susanne, 1961-
(författare)
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Crisis management : psychological challenges for leaders
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to gain knowledge about how leaders holding the role as crisis manager at the Swedish municipal level perceive and experience crisis management in different phases.The thesis comprises four papers (Papers I-IV) based on empirical data. The sample consisted of relevant municipal leaders. Paper I, Paper II and Paper IV were based on qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, and Paper III on quantitative data. Paper I presents a theoretical model that highlights the complex evaluations underlying managers’ decisions and actions in real-life crisis situations. Paper II contributes further knowledge on how to improve evaluation and thus how learning from crisis experience can be developed. In particular, the importance of evaluation and the value of group reflection in evaluation are demonstrated. Additionally, Paper II identifies motivational aspects during an event. In Paper III perceived preparedness is analysed in terms of three aspects: perceived municipal preparedness, perceived individual preparedness and motivation. These aspects are explained by different psychological theories and concepts and may serve to understand the driving forces for motivation to work with and to develop crisis preparedness. Paper IV focuses on motivation for preparedness efforts and contributes a model demonstrating the close links between different motivational factors and how these influence one another, as well as emphasizing the central role of experience and the strong role of personal factors in both supporting and diminishing motivation.In sum, this thesis demonstrates how psychological theories and concepts are important for understanding the municipal leaders’ perceptions of their role as crisis managers. In addition, the knowledge gained in this thesis can be useful for promoting crisis preparedness.
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| 9. |
- Hyllengren, Peder, et al.
(författare)
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Trust at first sight : Swift trust in leaders in temporary military groups
- 2011
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Ingår i: Team Performance Management. - : Emerald. - 1352-7592 .- 1758-6860. ; 17:7/8, s. 354-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The study seeks to illuminate factors that benefit, or do not benefit, the development of swift trust towards leaders in temporary military groups.Design/methodology/approach – The study group comprised 50 Norwegian cadets, 34 Norwegian military officers, 317 Swedish cadets, and 190 Swedish military officers. Data were gathered using a questionnaire which included two open-ended questions on aspects which contribute to swift trust (and lack thereof) towards leaders, as well as Likert-scale questions on temporary group characteristics, and a personality inventory.Findings – A qualitative clustering analysis of the open-ended responses yielded a hierarchical model of aspects which contribute to swift trust (or the lack thereof) with the following two superior categories: individual-related characteristics such as emotional stability and relationship-related characteristics such as encourage involvement and creativity. The latter superior category covaried most strongly with ratings of the groups' performance.Research limitations/implications – The results need to be substantiated by further research in other professional groups and cultures.Practical implications – The findings can help leaders of temporary groups become more conscious of how they may affect the group members' development of swift trust.Originality/value – The hierarchical and detailed model of aspects which contribute to swift trust in leaders of temporary groups is new.
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| 10. |
- Johnsen, Bjørn Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinating Mechanisms Are More Important Than Team Processes for Geographically Dispersed Emergency Dispatch and Paramedic Teams
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades there has been an increased emphasis on non-technical skills in medical teams. One promising approach that relates teamwork to medical efficiency is the theory of Shared Mental Models (SMM). The aim of the present study was to investigate the suitability of the Shared Mental Model approach for teamwork between operators in emergency medical communication centers and the first line ambulance personnel in real-life settings. These teams collaborate while working from geographically dispersed positions, which makes them distinct from the kinds of teams examined in most previous research on team effectiveness. A pressing issue is therefore whether current models on co-located teams are valid for medical distributed teams. A total of 240 participants from 80 emergency medical teams participated in the study. A team effectiveness model was proposed based on identified team coordinating mechanisms and the “Big five†team processes. Path analyses showed that SMM was positively associated with team effectiveness (i.e., performance satisfaction and situational awareness) and negatively related to mission complexity. Furthermore, the coordinating mechanisms of SMM and Closed Loop Communication was positively related to “Big five†team scores. However, no effects were found for the “Big five†team processes on effectiveness, which could indicate that the model needs to be adjusted for application to geographically dispersed teams. Possible implications for team training of distributed emergency response teams are discussed.
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| 11. |
- Johnsen, Bjørn H., et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Complexity of Ambulance Missions on Shared Mental Models in Virtual Teams
- 2022
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Ingår i: Emergency Medicine Open Journal. - 2379-4046. ; 8:1, s. 25-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Empirical research on shared mental models (SMM) in virtual environments are almost non-existent. Pre-hospital emergencies presents an opportunity to examine team processes in virtual teams because the dispatcher is geographically separated from the ambulance and at the same time plays a significant role in coordinating, organizing, obtaining, evaluating, and conveying relevant information to the deployed ambulance. The present study aimed at mapping team behavior and cognition in critical real-life emergency medical missions based on the concept of SMM. Methods By investigating the frequencies of coordinating mechanisms and team competencies based on voice recordings from real-life missions, differences in team behavior between low and high-complexity missions were investigated. Results Lower frequencies of team competencies and coordinating mechanisms were found in high compared to low-complexity missions. The results showed a different profile in communication between high and low-complexity missions with more frequent use of both coordinating mechanisms and team competencies in low-complexity missions. Furthermore, the profiles revealed that SMM and closed loop communication were the only coordinating mechanism used, and leadership and team orientation were the only competencies exercised. Conclusion It was concluded that the lack of visual input of a team member during team interaction could lead to team process loss due to a breakdown of the team into sub-units. Potential improvement of team behavior is discussed within the SMM framework.
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| 12. |
- Kjellevold Olsen, Olav, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership and Ethical Justice Behavior in a High Moral Intensity Operational Context
- 2010
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Ingår i: Military Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0899-5605 .- 1532-7876. ; 22:1, s. 137-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explores the relationship between moral behavior in a high moral intensity context and leadership behavior in Norwegian naval officer cadets (N = 82). Peer ratings of leadership behavior were used as predictor variables, and ethical justice behavior, defined as the disclosure of sensitive information in a demanding prisoner-of-war exercise, was used as an outcome measure. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that transactional leadership explained 19% of the variance in ethical justice behavior, whereas transformational leadership did not augment this effect. However, in a model including all facets of the full range of leadership model, 25% of the variance in leaders' ethical justice behaviors was accounted for, with high scores on the transformational facet of Intellectual Stimulation (β = -.45, p < .05) and low on Individual Consideration (β = .44, p < .05) combined with high scores on the transactional facet Contingent Reward (β = -.68, p < .01) as significant predictors. The present data indicate that there is a strong component of ethical behavior embedded in both transactional and transformational leadership.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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An idea paper on leadership theory integration
- 2012
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Ingår i: Management Research Review. - : Emerald. - 2040-8269 .- 2040-8277. ; 35:3/4, s. 177-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to pursue an idea on leadership theory integration which includes two integrative attempts. The first involves three different leadership models (the developmental/transformational leadership model, the authentic leadership model, and the indirect leadership model). The second consists of a suggestion of how this integrated model, in turn, can be integrated into an interactional person-by-situation paradigm including a process-over-time perspective.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative analysis of the three existing leadership models mentioned above was performed. In the second integrative step, the following concepts were added: individual characteristics (general and stable as well as specific, of importance in a given situation); contextual characteristics (general more stable contextual profile as well as specific contextual profile in a given situation); appraisal and sensemaking processes over time; trust; and psychological capital.Findings – An integrated leadership model is proposed which rests on three explicit hypotheses with two addendums. Empirical support for the suggested model is evaluated.Practical implications – The presented idea may be of value in recruitment and selection, leadership development programmes, and organisational design.Originality/value – The theoretical integration of existing models is new and could act as a conceptual bridge.
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