| 1. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
A study of the proactive occupational safety and health work in a Swedish construction company - the example of vibration exposure
- 2014
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9789176230053 ; , s. 360-370
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to vibrations from tools and machines used in construction work can induce damages to the human body. One of the most frequent symptoms is the hand-arm vibration syndrome commonly known as white fingers. The proportions of the international workforce exposed to vibrations are high and dominating sectors are construction, agriculture, forestry, and transport. Particularly exposed construction occupational groups include machine operators and drivers of vehicles. In 2005, the Swedish Work Environment Authority introduced a new guideline on the topic of preventing vibration exposure risks (AFS 2005:15) based on the European union 2002/44/EC directive on workers’ exposure to vibration. It includes raised demands on estimating vibration exposure, and clearly stated responsibilities and rights of employers and employees. However, in 2011 the Swedish Work Environment Authority’s inspections showed that many employers belonging to sectors such as building and construction, transport, and mining industry did not have any satisfactory proactive risk management work concerning vibration exposure. This paper reports on a pilot study performed in a large Swedish construction company with the aim to yield more knowledge about factors affecting the implementation of the guidelines and to suggest actions for improvement. A total of 31 construction workers and supervisors were interviewed at nine construction sites in southern Sweden. Interview results demonstrated a lack of knowledge in estimating vibration exposure; the incorporation of the Work Environment Authority’s directions had not been accomplished; driving forces for improving the proactive health and safety work and specifically vibration exposure management was weak on all organisational levels; important factors affecting the implementation of vibration exposure regulations are the psychosocial work environment at construction sites as well as company safety culture; a large proportion of the interviewed construction workers was judged to be at risk for developing vibration injuries if the exposure was not decreased; management, supervisory, and production levels need increased knowledge about vibration exposure and vibration injuries; and methods and tools for easy estimation of vibration exposure needs to be developed.
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| 2. |
- Adamovic, Svetlana, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Fine mapping study in Scandinavian families suggests association between coeliac disease and haplotypes in chromosome region 5q32.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tissue Antigens. - : Wiley. - 1399-0039 .- 0001-2815. ; 71:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The previous genome-wide scan in Scandinavian families supported earlier evidence for linkage of a region on chromosome 5 (5q31–33) to coeliac disease. This study deals with further genetic mapping of an 18 cM region, spanning from marker GAh18A (131.87 Mb) to D5S640 (149.96 Mb). Linkage and association analyses were performed in a two-step approach. First, seven microsatellites were added. Strong evidence for linkage was obtained with a Zlr score of 3.96, Pnc = 4 × 10−5 at marker D5S436. The strongest association was with a haplotype consisting of the markers D5S2033 and D5S2490 (Pnc < 0.001). In the second step, we added 17 microsatellites and 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the analysis. These markers were located close to or within candidate genes across the region of approximately 7 Mb beneath the linkage peak marked by D5S2017 and D5S812. A substantial increase of the linkage signal with a maximum Zlr score of 4.6 at marker rs1972644 (Pnc = 2 × 10−6) was obtained and several SNPs showed association. Seven SNPs that individually showed the strongest association were genotyped in a second independent family sample set (225 trios). In the trio family sample as well as in the multiplex family sample, the strongest association was found with SNPs within the region flanked by the associated microsatellites D5S2033 and D5S2490 at 5q32.
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| 3. |
- amundsen, silja, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive screen for SNP associations on chromosome region 5q31-33 in Swedish/Norwegian celiac disease families.
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 15:9, s. 980-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy, which results from the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. There is a strong human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with the disease, and HLA-DQ alleles represent a major genetic risk factor. In addition to HLA-DQ, non-HLA genes appear to be crucial for CD development. Chromosomal region 5q31–33 has demonstrated linkage with CD in several genome-wide studies, including in our Swedish/Norwegian cohort. In a European meta-analysis 5q31–33 was the only region that reached a genome-wide level of significance except for the HLA region. To identify the genetic variant(s) responsible for this linkage signal, we performed a comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association screen in 97 Swedish/Norwegian multiplex families who demonstrate linkage to the region. We selected tag SNPs from a 16 Mb region representing the 95% confidence interval of the linkage peak. A total of 1404 SNPs were used for the association analysis. We identified several regions with SNPs demonstrating moderate single- or multipoint associations. However, the isolated association signals appeared insufficient to account for the linkage signal seen in our cohort. Collective effects of multiple risk genes within the region, incomplete genetic coverage or effects related to copy number variation are possible explanations for our findings.
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| 4. |
- Ek, Weronica E, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies genes associated with the cardiovascular biomarker GDF-15
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 25:4, s. 817-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is expressed in low to moderate levels in most healthy tissues and increases in response to inflammation. GDF-15 is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and over-expressed in the myocardium of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the function of GDF-15 in cardiovascular disease, and the underlying regulatory network of GDF-15 is not known. To investigate a possible association between GDF-15 levels and DNA methylation, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study of white blood cells in a population-based study (N = 717). Significant loci where replicated in an independent cohort (N = 963). We also performed a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. We identified and replicated 16 CpG-sites (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), at 11 independent loci including MIR21. MIR21 encodes a microRNA (miR-21) that has previously been shown to be associated with the development of heart disease. Interestingly, GDF15 mRNA contains a binding site for miR-21. Four sites were also differentially methylated in blood from participants previously diagnosed with MI and 14 enriched GO terms (FDR < 0.05, enrichment > 2) were identified, including 'cardiac muscle cell differentiation'. This study shows that GDF-15 levels are associated with differences in DNA methylation in blood cells, and a subset of the loci are also differentially methylated in participants with MI. However, there might be interactions between GDF-15 levels and methylation in other tissues not addressed in this study. These results provide novel links between GDF-15 and cardiovascular disease.
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| 5. |
- Ek, Weronica E., et al.
(författare)
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Tea and coffee consumption in relation to DNA methylation in four European cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 26:16, s. 3221-3231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifestyle factors, such as food choices and exposure to chemicals, can alter DNA methylation and lead to changes in gene activity. Two such exposures with pharmacologically active components are coffee and tea consumption. Both coffee and tea has been suggested to play an important role in modulating disease-risk in humans by suppressing tumour progression, decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism. These mechanisms may be mediated by changes in DNA methylation.To investigate if DNA methylation in blood is associated with coffee and tea consumption we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study for coffee and tea consumption in four European cohorts (N = 3,096). DNA methylation was measured from whole blood at 421,695 CpG sites distributed throughout the genome and analysed in men and women both separately and together in each cohort. Meta-analyses of the results and additional regional-level analyses were performed.After adjusting for multiple testing, the meta-analysis revealed that two individual CpG-sites, mapping to DNAJC16 and TTC17, were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. No individual sites were associated in men or in the sex-combined analysis for tea or coffee. The regional analysis revealed that 28 regions were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. These regions contained genes known to interact with estradiol metabolism and cancer. No significant regions were found in the sex-combined and male-only analysis for either tea or coffee consumption.
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| 6. |
- Thelander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Expert risk communication from an organisational context view
- 2023
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Ingår i: ; , s. 65-65
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During recent years new threats have accentuated the role of scientific experts for creating risk awareness, understanding, and advice for action or preparedness for informed risk decisions. Scientific experts are expected to engage in risk communication with stakeholders at various levels, not least the general public. Scientific experts exist in organizations where forms and goals may vary, as well as in various industries. One such expert is the radiation protection expert, who exist in several organizational contexts. Responsibilities and requirements on communication are linked to the profession and a general supporting guideline on risk communication was in 2020 launched bythe International Radiation Protection Agency. However, less focus is on the organizational context such as how organizational conditions create opportunities and obstacles for the expert’s risk communication. The aim of this study was to analyze opportunities and limitations in organizational contexts and the significance they have on the experts’ communication on radiation risks. We study how the radiation protection expert understand their responsibility to communicate, how the expert is involved in communication, and how communication is shaped by the organizational context. The qualitative study focuses on radiation protection experts in three cases or contexts having different goals: an authority, a university hospital, and a European research infrastructure consortium. Communicative logics in the organizations was studied through text analyses of home pages and documents. In-depth interviews with radiation protection experts was conducted to learn about theircommunication strategies, practices, and experiences. The study show that high demands are put on the radiation protection expert to engage in communication with the public despite an often existing lack of training in communication. The experts have an implicit understanding of communication and their strategies are experience-based and context dependent. The study shows that communicative logics within the expert’s organization create some possibilities but also hindrances for the expert to communicate risk. Two such logics, the media and a promotional logic entails that certain stakeholders, channels and type of communication is prioritized. In both cases, experts are involved to a low extent and other aspects than risks are highlighted.
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| 7. |
- Adamovic, Svetlana, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Association study of IL2/IL21 and FcgRIIa: significant association with the IL2/IL21 region in Scandinavian coeliac disease families
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Genes and immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 9:4, s. 364-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first genome-wide association study performed in a UK coeliac disease (CD) case-control cohort revealed association with a linkage disequilibrium block containing the KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 genes. Also recently, an association with a non-synonymous polymorphism in Fcitalic gammaRIIa (CD32a) was reported in CD with an unusually strong P-value. We aimed to replicate the reported associations with the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs13119723 A>G and rs6822844 G>T in the KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 region and rs1801274 G>A in the Fcitalic gammaRIIa gene in a family sample consisting of 325 Swedish/Norwegian families using the robust transmission disequilibrium test. The family sample used in this study included 100 families with two or more children affected by CD and 225 families with one affected child. We could confirm significant association between the polymorphisms rs13119723 A>G and rs6822844 G>T located in the KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 region and CD (P-value 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). However, we found no association with the Fcitalic gammaRIIa rs1801274 G>A polymorphism (P-value=0.3). In conclusion, our results support the KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 region as a true CD susceptibility region.
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| 8. |
- Ahsan, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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The relative contribution of DNA methylation and genetic variants on protein biomarkers for human diseases.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between epigenetic alterations and disease status have been identified for many diseases. However, there is no strong evidence that epigenetic alterations are directly causal for disease pathogenesis. In this study, we combined SNP and DNA methylation data with measurements of protein biomarkers for cancer, inflammation or cardiovascular disease, to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and epigenetic variation on biomarker levels. A total of 121 protein biomarkers were measured and analyzed in relation to DNA methylation at 470,000 genomic positions and to over 10 million SNPs. We performed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses, and integrated biomarker, DNA methylation and SNP data using between 698 and 1033 samples depending on data availability for the different analyses. We identified 124 and 45 loci (Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.05) with effect sizes up to 0.22 standard units' change per 1% change in DNA methylation levels and up to four standard units' change per copy of the effective allele in the EWAS and GWAS respectively. Most GWAS loci were cis-regulatory whereas most EWAS loci were located in trans. Eleven EWAS loci were associated with multiple biomarkers, including one in NLRC5 associated with CXCL11, CXCL9, IL-12, and IL-18 levels. All EWAS signals that overlapped with a GWAS locus were driven by underlying genetic variants and three EWAS signals were confounded by smoking. While some cis-regulatory SNPs for biomarkers appeared to have an effect also on DNA methylation levels, cis-regulatory SNPs for DNA methylation were not observed to affect biomarker levels. We present associations between protein biomarker and DNA methylation levels at numerous loci in the genome. The associations are likely to reflect the underlying pattern of genetic variants, specific environmental exposures, or represent secondary effects to the pathogenesis of disease.
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| 9. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient and effective learning for safety from incidents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 3216-3222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning from incidents is important for improving safety. Many companies spend a great deal of time and money on such learning procedures. The objectives of this paper are to present some early results from a project aimed at revealing weaknesses in the procedures for learning from incidents and to discuss improvements in these procedures, especially in chemical process industries. The empirical base comes from a project assessing organizational learning and the effectiveness of the different steps of the learning cycle for safety and studying relations between safety-specific transformational leadership, safety climate, trust, safety-related behavior and learning from incidents. The results point at common weaknesses in the organizational learning, both in the horizontal learning (geographical spread) and in vertical learning (double-loop learning). Furthermore, the effectiveness in the different steps of the learning cycle is low due to insufficient information in incident reports, very shallow analyses of reports, decisions that focus at solving the problem only at the place where the incident took place, late implementations and weak solutions. Strong correlations with learning from incidents were found for all safety climate variables as well as for safety-related behaviors and trust. The relationships were very strong for trust, safety knowledge, safety participation and safety compliance.
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| 10. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Resilience Safety Culture
- 2009
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Ingår i: 17th World Congress on Ergonomics 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety culture may be seen as the oil necessary for an efficient safety management system. During the work in HILAS SMS task force some weaknesses in the use of safety culture in practice were identified. A work stream was initiated to identify further weaknesses and suggest remedies for them. The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the weaknesses and propose mitigations. A major suggestion is to actively look for „holes‟ in the safety culture and mitigate them. The „holes‟ could be low-score groups, low-score aspects of safety culture, and critical time-windows. Also the efforts by top management may need to be improved. Also means for feed forward control should be used and further developed as proposed by the new school of resilience engineering. Also when problems with long questionnaires are too big shorter questionnaires could be used complemented by interviews and studies of behaviour and artefacts.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Amundsen, Silja Svanström, et al.
(författare)
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Four novel coeliac disease regions replicated in an association study of a Swedish-Norwegian family cohort.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Genes and immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 11:1, s. 79-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genome-wide association studies have identified 1q31 (RGS1), 2q11-12 (IL18RAP), 3p21 (CCR1/CCR3/CCR2), 3q25-26 (IL12A/SCHIP1), 3q28 (LPP), 4q27 (IL2/IL21), 6q25 (TAGAP) and 12q24 (SH2B3) as susceptibility regions for coeliac disease (CD). We have earlier replicated association with the IL2/IL21 region. This study aimed at replicating the remaining regions in a family cohort using the transmission disequilibrium test, which is not prone to population stratification as a source of false-positive results. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these regions were genotyped in 325 Swedish-Norwegian CD families. We found significant associations with the same alleles in the regions 1q31 (rs2816316; P(nc)=0.0060), 3p21 (rs6441961; P(nc)=0.0006), 3q25-26 (rs17810564; P(nc)=0.0316 and rs9811792; P(nc)=0.0434) and 3q28 (rs1464510; P(nc)=0.0037). Borderline, but non-significant, associations were found for rs917997 (IL18RAP), whereas no evidence for association could be obtained for rs13015714 (IL18RAP) or rs1738074 (TAGAP). The lack of replication of the latter SNPs could be because of limited power. rs3184504 (SH2B3) was not analysed because of assay failure. The most significantly associated region, 3p21 (CCR1/CCR3/CCR2), was further analysed by typing of 30 SNPs, with the aim of identifying the causal variant responsible for the initial association. Several SNPs showed association with CD, but none displayed associations stronger than rs6441961, nor did any of them add to the effect initially marked by rs6441961 in a conditional analysis. However, differential effects of rs6441961(*)C carrying haplotypes were indicated, and we thus cannot exclude the possibility that our inability to obtain evidence for multiple independent effects in the CCR1/CCR3/CCR2 gene region was related to a power issue.
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| 13. |
- Amundsen, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analysis of the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS (CELIAC3) region in coeliac disease.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Tissue antigens. - : Wiley. - 0001-2815 .- 1399-0039. ; 64:5, s. 593-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to extend our previous findings of genetic linkage to the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS region on chromosome 2q33 (CELIAC3) in coeliac disease (CD), we have investigated 22 genetic markers in 325 Norwegian/Swedish multiplex and simplex CD families. We found both linkage and association with several markers, primarily in the multiplex material. We observed strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) within an LD block delimited by MH30 and D2S72. A haplotype of this region marked by the alleles -1147*T: + 49*A:CT60*G:CT61*A was significantly associated with CD, suggesting that one or more polymorphisms of this haplotype, possibly -1147*T, are involved in CD susceptibility. The CT60 SNP, a polymorphism found to be most strongly associated with some other immune-mediated diseases, was not associated with CD, as this SNP was part of both associated and non-associated haplotypes. Moreover, our results suggest that CELIAC3 harbours several independent loci contributing to CD susceptibility.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish flex-fuel failure
- 2016
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Ingår i: BEHAVE 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Transition towards sustainable transportation : What determines fuel choice?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 90, s. 31-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the transport sector to become more sustainable, substantial technological and behavioural changes are required. Increased understanding about household choices related to more green alternatives in transportation is needed in order for policy makers to make efficient policies in the future. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze which factors that determines the fuel choice between ethanol and gasoline for owners of flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs). We evaluate how the self-reported fuel choice is influenced by the relative price, as well as individual differences in norms and perceptions about environmental and quality attributes of ethanol. Data was collected through a survey sent to Swedish FFV owners and is analyzed in a binary choice and a LCM framework. Results show that price, perceptions about quality, age and environmental attitudes influence the self-reported willingness to choose ethanol. Furthermore, results show that preferences are not homogenous, three groups are identified; price conscious respondents, ethanol skeptical respondents and respondents with pronounced environmental concern. However, although the motive for introducing and subsidizing ethanol was to reduce climate and environmental impacts, the group that chooses ethanol based on climate and environmental motives is small. The results further reveal that the debate about motor damages from ethanol have had a long lasting effect on the willingness to choose ethanol. Thus, it is necessary to try to prevent or mitigate concerns regarding e.g. potential technical or ethical issues when promoting future technologies or fuels aimed at a sustainable transportation sector.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Why flex-fuel failed? : A household perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Meeting Sweden's current and future energy challenges, Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2016. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of Organizational Psychology and Innovation in Air Traffic Control
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of the Swedish Centre for Aviation R&D, on Human Factors and Safety in Aviation. - 9197505803 ; , s. 14-21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to adapt to new conditions that increasing air traffic volumes bring forward, the Swedish Air Navigation Services (ANS) is going through a process of change. In order to meet the new conditions it will be necessary to be more efficient in the work of handling the air traffic. New conditions bring forward new demands, not only on technology and methods used, but also on organizational structures and individual employees. The challenge is to make the adaptation in ways that do not affect the safety standards. The Swedish air traffic control, ATC centers in Malmö and Stockholm are adjusting their activity to meet the new situations in mainly two ways: a new team-based organization has recently been introduced and a new ATC system will soon be installed.
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| 18. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Organisational climate and psychosocial work environment in air traffic control
- 2004
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts of the 6th European Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air traffic control in Sweden is being studied in a joint long-term project between Lund University and the Swedish Air Navigation Services (ANS).The project aims to investigate how different organisational aspects such as organisational climate, team climate, leadership, psychosocial work environment and safety culture will be affected by ongoing organisational and technical changes. The basic research design comprises three studies, two prior to the introduction of a new air traffic control system and one after. This design has provided opportunities to compare the situation before and after the system introduction. The first and the second studies have been completed and the results concerning organisational climate and psychosocial work environment are the focus of this paper.
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| 19. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational climate in air traffic control
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology conference proceedings series. - 1473-0200. ; , s. 24-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A positive and innovative organizational climate is of great importance in order to manage and adapt to change. Such a climate seldom evolves in organizations closely governed by rules and regulations. Because of ongoing organizational and technical changes within the Swedish Air Navigation Services Provider, a study concerning the organizational climate for changes and innovations was conducted to investigate the organization’s capacity to cope with changes. Study locations were the two Swedish main air traffic control centers and parts of the civil aviation administration headquarters. 390 subjects took part in the study and the CCQ questionnaire was used to measure the organizational climate. The results show that the organizational climate is quite positive despite the rule governed work. The results also show that administrative personnel assess the organizational climate as more positive than operative personnel. Comparisons between management positions did not result in any differences.
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| 20. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational climate in air traffic control - Innovative preparedness for implementation of new technology and organizational development in a rule governed organization
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9126 .- 0003-6870. ; 37:2, s. 119-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A positive and innovative organizational climate is of great importance in order to manage and adapt to change. Such a climate seldom evolves in organizations closely governed by rules and regulations. Because of ongoing organizational and technical changes within the Swedish Air Navigation Services Provider, a study concerning the organizational climate for changes and innovations was conducted to investigate the organization's capacity to cope with changes. Study locations were the two Swedish main air traffic control centers and parts of the civil aviation administration headquarters. In the study 390 subjects took part and the CCQ questionnaire was used to measure the organizational climate. The results show that the organizational climate is quite positive despite the rule-governed work. The results also show that administrative personnel assess the organizational climate as more positive than operative personnel. Comparisons between management positions did not result in any differences. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between safety culture and psychosocial working environment in air traffic control
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Aeronautics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Air Navigation Service Provider in cooperation with the University of Lund aims at developing a model for supporting continuous improvements and learning focusing on safety in air traffic control. This paper focuses on relationships between the safety culture and the psychosocial working environment. These areas were studied using questionnaires at the two main air traffic control centres in Sweden and a part of the central civil aviation administration. The results showed that some associations exist between the two concepts and that this was true within all three study locations.
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| 22. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Situational leadership in air traffic control
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Air Transportation. - 1544-6980. ; 12:1, s. 67-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In high-risk environments such as air traffic control, leadership on different levels plays a certain role in establishing, promoting, and maintaining a good safety culture. The current study aimed to investigate how leadership styles, leadership style adaptability, and over and under task leadership behavior differed across situations, operative conditions, leadership structures, and working tasks in an air traffic control setting. Study locations were two air traffic control centers in Sweden with different operational conditions and leadership structures, and an administrative air traffic management unit. Leadership was measured with a questionnaire based on Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Description (LEAD; Blanchard, Zigarmi & Zigarmi, 2003; Hersey & Blanchard, 1988). The results showed that the situation had strong impact on the leadership in which the leadership behavior was more relationship oriented in Success and Group situations than in Hardship and Individual situations. The leadership adaptability was further superior in Success and Individual situations compared with Hardship and Group situations. Operational conditions, leadership structures and working tasks were, on the other hand, not associated with leadership behavior.
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| 23. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Team climate and safety culture in air traffic control
- 2003
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Ingår i: Ergonomics in the digital age. ; 5:Safety I, s. 368-371
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a joint project – Human Factors in ANS, HUFA - between the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration and Lund University the aim is to find out how a new team-based organization and the introduction of a new air traffic control system will affect safety culture and psychosocial working environment by changes in organizational climate, team climate and leadership. All in all, four studies will be conducted, before and after the system introduction, involving the two air traffic control centers (ATCC) in Malmö and Stockholm as well as the air navigation services (ANS) division in Norrköping. This paper focus on findings from the first study concerning the team climate and the safety culture. The results show an overall positive picture concerning the safety culture at all three units. The team climate is assessed as average at the two ATCCs and just above at the ANS-division. No clear patterns could be found that can explain if and how the safety culture and the team climate are related.
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| 24. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Team climate and situational leadership in air traffic control
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. ; , s. 14-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a joint project between the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration (SCAA) and Lund University, questions concerning organizational aspects - such as organizational climate, team climate, situational leadership, psychosocial working environment - and safety culture are under study. A team-based organization has recently been introduced and a new air traffic control system will soon be installed at the two main air traffic control centers (ATCC) in Sweden. To find out how these changes will affect the organizational aspects and the safety culture, four studies will be conducted. These studies will involve the two air traffic control centers in Malmö and Stockholm as well as the Air Navigation Services Headquarters in Norrköping (ANS). The first study conducted about a year before the introduction of the new system, has been accomplished. The second study will be conducted just before the system introduction, the third directly after the introduction and the fourth approximately six months later. This design gives the opportunity to compare the situations before and after the system introduction.
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| 25. |
- Asker-Árnason, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Spoken and written narratives in Swedish children and adolescents with hearing impairment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Communication Disorders Quarterly. - : Sage Publications. - 1538-4837 .- 1525-7401. ; 33:3, s. 131-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty 10- to 18-year-old children and adolescents with varying degrees of hearing impairment (HI) and hearing aids (HA), ranging from mild-moderate to severe, produced picture-elicited narratives in a spoken and written version. Their performance was compared to that of 63 normally hearing (NH) peers within the same age span. The participants with HI and NH showed similar patterns regarding intragroup correlations between corresponding measures of spoken and written narratives. However, the participants with HI had significantly less diverse language than the NH group. The participants with poorer hearing (higher best ear hearing level [BEHL]) produced spoken and written narratives comprising more content words and they also produced written narratives that were less lexically diverse than the participants with better hearing (lower BEHL). The difference as to lexical skills emphasizes the importance of focusing on these skills in the group of children with HI. However, the results give support for a quite optimistic view on the development of narration in children with HI with HA, at least for picture-elicited narratives.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Aulin, Radhlinah, et al.
(författare)
-
Underlying Causes for Risk Taking Behaviour Among Construction Workers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 10th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization. - 2516-2853. - 9781838670511 ; 2, s. 419-426
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper will examine the unsafe work practices that are plaguing the construction industry. Statistics show that four out of five of all workplace accidents are attributed to unsafe behaviour. Research studies have sought to understand worker self-protection. For example, it is difficult to make predictions of conditions that influenced worker’s behaviour to act unsafely or safely in a given work situation. It is evidentthere is a gap in the literature in this area of research, most notably failing to understand the underlying “why” factors. The aim of the study is to identify and examine the proximate set of contributing factors most likely to have an influence on workers’ decisions about participation in unsafe behaviour.Design/Methodology/Approach – To perform the study, questionnaires were adopted, and 225construction workers from 9 construction companies participated in the study.Findings – Results showed that both underlying organisational factors and individual factors could affect the risk aversion among construction workers. The paper also highlights measures to create a safe work environment to minimise unsafe behaviour among construction workers. Results from the study are important to help organisation to systematically plan for a good working environment.Research limitations – As the results were based only from the questionnaires, a deeper understanding behind the workers’ responses was not probed.Practical implications – Construction companies should work at several organisational levels at thesame time. It is necessary to include levels such as individual, group, workplace and management levels, thus taking a systemperspective on risk behaviour and safety.
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| 28. |
- Bal, Anjali S., et al.
(författare)
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You know you've got to, express yourself : A comparative study of self-expression through brand, women in six Asian nations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Sustainable Global Marketplace. - Cham : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783319108728 - 9783319108735 ; , s. 165-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers express themselves in a multitude of ways; one expression mechanism is brand consumption. Self-expression can be an important driver of consumer preference and choice. Despite the importance of self-expression, additional research is needed as to how brands are used as a means of self-expression. Previous studies indicate that the importance of brands for self-expression can differ across cultures. This study explores how female consumers in six Asian nations differ in the extent to which they express themselves through the use of their favorite brands.
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| 29. |
- Bal, Anjali S., et al.
(författare)
-
You know you've got to, express yourself : A comparative study of self-expression through brand, women in six Asian nations
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Sustainable Global Marketplace. - : The Academy of Marketing Science. - 0939783363 ; , s. 165-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers express themselves in a multitude of ways; one expression mechanism is brand consumption. Self-expression can be an important driver of consumer preference and choice. Despite the importance of self-expression, additional research is needed as to how brands are used as a means of self-expression. Previous studies indicate that the importance of brands for self-expression can differ across cultures. This study explores how female consumers in six Asian nations differ in the extent to which they express themselves through the use of their favorite brands.
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| 30. |
- Belfrage, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome (BIO-MUSE) : Protocol for a Translational Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - 1929-0748. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare group of lymphomas that primarily affects the skin. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of CTCL and Sézary syndrome (SS) is more infrequent. Early stages (IA-IIA) have a favorable prognosis, while advanced stages (IIB-IVB) have a worse prognosis. Around 25% of patients with early stages of the disease will progress to advanced stages. Malignant skin-infiltrating T-cells in CTCL are accompanied by infiltrates of nonmalignant T-cells and other immune cells that produce cytokines that modulate the inflammation. Skin infection, often with Staphylococcus aureus, is frequent in advanced stages and can lead to sepsis and death. S. aureus has also been reported to contribute to the progression of the disease. Previous reports indicate a shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokine production and dysfunction of the skin barrier in CTCL. Treatment response is highly variable and often unpredictable, and there is a need for new predictive and prognostic biomarkers.OBJECTIVE: This prospective translational study aims to identify prognostic biomarkers in the blood and skin of patients with MF and SS.METHODS: The Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With MF and SS (BIO-MUSE) study aims to recruit 120 adult patients with MF or SS and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers. The treatments will be given according to clinical routine. The sampling of each patient will be performed every 3 months for 3 years. The blood samples will be analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase, immunoglobulin E, interleukins, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, and lymphocyte subpopulations. The lymphoma microenvironment will be investigated through digital spatial profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing. Microbiological sampling and analysis of skin barrier function will be performed. The life quality parameters will be evaluated. The results will be evaluated by the stage of the disease.RESULTS: Patient inclusion started in 2021 and is still ongoing in 2023, with 18 patients and 20 healthy controls enrolled. The publication of selected translational findings before the publication of the main results of the trial is accepted.CONCLUSIONS: This study aims to investigate blood and skin with a focus on immune cells and the microbiological environment to identify potential new prognostic biomarkers in MF and SS.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904146; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04904146.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/55723.
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| 31. |
- Bengtsson Ryberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effects of Wind Power on Human Interests : A Synthesis
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PrefaceThere is a great need for knowledge concerning the impacts of wind power on humans, landscapes, the marine environment, birds, bats and other mammals.Previous studies of these environmental impacts have lacked an overall view of the effects. This has led to deficiencies in the processes surrounding the establishment of new wind farms. Vindval is a knowledge programme undertaken as a collaboration between the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Its aim is to gather and communicate scientific knowledge about the impacts of wind power on people and the natural environment. The programme continues until 2013.Vindval comprises some 30 individual research projects, together with four synthesis projects. Syntheses are prepared by experts, who compile and assess overall research results and experience regarding the effects of wind power in four different areas – humans, birds/bats, marine life and terrestrial mammals.The results of this research and synthesis work will provide a basis for environmental impact assessments and for the planning and permitting processes associated with wind power installations. Vindval requires high standards in the review and approval of research proposals, in order to ensure high-quality reports. The same high standards apply to the reporting, approval and publication of research results from the projects.This report was written by Johanna Bengtsson Ryberg, Gösta Bluhm, Karl Bolin, Bosse Bodén, Kristina Ek, Karin Hammarlund, Marianne Henningsson, Inga-Lena Hannukka, Carina Johansson, Sofia Jönsson, Sanna Mels, Tom Mels, Mats Nilsson, Erik Skärbäck, Patrik Söderholm, Åsa Waldo, Ingegärd Widerström, Niklas Åkerman.This report is a translation of the previous report in Swedish “Vindkraftens påverkan på människors intressen” (Naturvårdsverket report no 6497). Translated by Sofia Jönsson.The contents of the report are the responsibility of the authors.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating and learning maritime safety culture - development and evaluation of a didactic design based on an interactive module
- 2013
-
Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1654-1642 .- 1651-436X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To be able to disseminate knowledge about maritime safety culture and safety management to different actors in the Swedish maritime sector, a didactic design was developed and evaluated. The didactic design includes an interactive scenario-based module and a teacher’s guide and is based on a model for experience-based learning that connects theory and practice by a cyclic approach. Students at upper-secondary maritime schools were chosen as a user group and the didactic design was adapted for them. The didactic design was tested in a classroom setting including interaction with the students and a follow- up 1 week later. The didactic design was successful in immediately creating a relevant discussion about safety culture, and the student group could, on the whole, remember and describe all scenarios a week after the presentation of the material. The results were overall positive regarding usability and user experience with a potential for further development and implementations. The participating teacher at the school was also very positive and felt he would be able to apply the didactic design with support of the teacher’s guide.
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| 34. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding safety culture by visualization of scenarios - development and evaluation of an interactive prototype
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. - 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 3213-3215
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To be able to disseminate knowledge about maritime safety culture and safety management to different actors in the Swedish maritime sector, a preliminary pedagogical concept was developed and evaluated. As a first user group, students at upper secondary maritime schools were chosen and the pedagogical concept was adapted for this group. The concept includes an interactive prototype and a teacher's guide and is based on a model for experience-based learning which connects theory and practice by a cyclic approach. The concept was tested in a classroom setting including interaction with the students and a follow-up one week later. A preliminary evaluation of the results shows a very positive response among the students as well as the lecturers. The educational material was successful in immediately creating a relevant discussion about safety culture, and one week later, students could remember many of the safety scenarios included in the pedagogical concept.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Pedagogisk förändring av arbetsvetenskapskurser i några olika utbildningsprogram vid LTH
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Pedagogisk inspirationskonferens LTH 27 maj 2003. - Lund : Lunds tekniska högskola, Lunds universitet. ; , s. 14-17
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi har genomfört genomgripande förändringar i obligatoriska grundkurser i arbetsvetenskap. Förändringarna har genomförts som en utvecklingsprocess i vilken samtliga lärare som deltagit i kurserna har medverkat. Processen startade med konsulthjälp från Universitetspedagogiskt centrum vid Lunds universitet, fortsatte med kompetensutveckling av oss själva och följdes av några utvecklingsprojekt, varefter från grunden förändrade kurser genomfördes under fyra år. Den nya uppläggningen medförde att vi fick positiva attityder i studentenkäterna när det gällde två av kurserna i årskurs 2 i vilken medodiken genomfördes fullständigt. I en kurs, som gavs i årskurs 1 och i vilken den nya uppläggningen endast delvis genomfördes blev studentattityderna negativa.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Ek, Amanda, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical inactivity and smoking after myocardial infarction as predictors for readmission and survival : results from the SWEDEHEART-registry.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical Research in Cardiology. - : Springer. - 1861-0684 .- 1861-0692. ; 108:3, s. 324-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) and smoking cessation are included in the secondary prevention guidelines after myocardial infarction (MI), but they are still underutilised. This study aims to explore how PA level and smoking status (6-10 weeks post-MI) were associated with 1-year readmission and mortality during full follow-up time, and with the cumulative 5-year mortality.METHODS: A population-based cohort of all hospitals providing MI-care in Sweden (SWEDEHEART-registry) in 2004-2014. PA was expressed as the number of exercise sessions of ≥ 30 min in the last 7 days: 0-1 (low), 2-4 (medium) and 5-7 (high) sessions/week. Individuals were categorised as smokers, former smokers or never-smokers. The associations were analysed by unadjusted and adjusted logistic and Cox regressions.RESULTS: During follow-up (M = 3.58 years), a total of 1702 deaths occurred among 30 644 individuals (14.1 cases per 1000 person-years). For medium and high PA, the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were 0.39 and 0.36, respectively, compared with low PA. For never-smokers, the HR was 0.45 and former smokers 0.56 compared with smokers. Compared with low PA, the odds ratios (ORs) for readmission in medium PA were 0.65 and 0.59 for CVD and non-CVD causes, respectively. For high PA, the corresponding ORs were 0.63 and 0.55. The association remained in adjusted models. There were no associations between smoking status and readmission.CONCLUSIONS: The PA level and smoking status are strong predictors of mortality post-MI and the PA level also predicts readmission, highlighting the importance of adherence to the secondary prevention guidelines.
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| 41. |
- Ek, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Kommunerna och vindkraften
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska vindkraften står inför en massiv utbyggnad de närmaste tio åren, vilket har manifesterats i både nationella och internationella beslut och målsättningar. I praktiken sker emellertid utbyggnaden i det lokala (kommunala) sammanhanget, vilket innebär en rad utmaningar och ställningstaganden både för dem som projekterar vindkraften, för dem som beslutar om den och för dem som ska bli grannar med den.I den här studien ligger fokus på det lokala sammanhanget – de fysiska resurserna och de sociala förutsättningarna. Ett grundantagande är att kommunala skillnader i fysiska resurser och sociala förutsättningar har betydelse för kommunens inställning till vindkraft. Sveriges 290 kommuner analyseras med utgångspunkt i hur mycket installerad effekt vindkraft som finns i respektive kommun. Analysen visar att vindkraftsutbyggnaden i Sverige framför allt har präglats av stora variationer – där vissa kommuner har mycket befintlig vindkraft medan andra kommuner helt saknar vindkraft. När det gäller den framtida vindkraftsutbyggnaden, de projekt som planeras idag, baseras analysen framför allt på statistik på länsnivå, vilket begränsar möjligheterna att relatera utbyggnaden till olika kommuner. Det kan ändå konstateras att tendensen att vindkraften etableras på vissa platser, i vissa kommuner och län, men inte andra, ser ut att fortsätta.Denna ojämna utveckling av vindkraften gör det intressant att undersöka vilka lokala förutsättningar som är relaterade till utbyggnad. I en ekonometrisk analys relateras installerad effekt (kW) vindkraft till kommunernas fysiska resurser och sociala förutsättningar. Valet av faktorer som ingår i analysen är baserat på ett resonemang kring att en kommuns potential för vindkraft avgörs dels av fysiska resurser såsom markyta och vind och dels av sociala förutsättningar såsom kommunens utvecklingstrend som boende-, besöks- och företagsmiljö. Resultaten visar att det är mer sannolikt att det finns vindkraft i kommuner med en positiv befolkningsutveckling, låg befolkningstäthet och mycket fritidsturism. Betydelsen av ett kustnära läge, en stor markyta och ett lokalt miljöengagemang kan däremot inte statistiskt säkerställas. Utbyggnaden tycks vidare vara oberoende av kommunens vindresurser (baserat på hur stor andel riksintresse för vindbruk som finns i kommunen) och företagsklimatet i kommunen. Vindkraften är således utbyggd främst i kommuner som är attraktiva boende- och besöksarenor, men oberoende av om kommunen är en attraktiv affärsarena eller inte. 5Flera av resultaten pekar i en oväntad riktning, vilket gör dem svårtolkade. De processer som leder fram till en stark eller svag utbyggnad lokalt är komplexa och drivs sannolikt av förhållanden som inte kan analyseras inom ramen för en tvärsnittsstudie.Denna studie ska ses som ett första försök att identifiera och testa betydelsen av olika lokala faktorer för vindkraftsutbyggnaden. Kombinationen av perspektiv och metoder från nationalekonomi, miljöpsykologi och sociologi har gett en bredd till analysen och pekar på möjligheter att fördjupa analysen med bättre och mer fullständig statistik. Exempelvis skulle statistik för den planerade vindkraftsutbyggnaden på kommunnivå ge en helt annan bild och förståelse för vilka lokala förutsättningar som har betydelse för utbyggnaden. Vidare skulle en mer omfattande longitudinell studie kunna visa vilka processer som samvarierar med en viss utvecklingstendens. Slutligen skulle en fördjupad analys genom intervjuer med centrala aktörer i det lokala sammanhanget kunna öka förståelsen för vilka resonemang som i praktiken föranleder beslut för eller emot vindkraft
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| 42. |
- Ek, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Location of Swedish wind power - Random or not? : A quantitative analysis of differences in installed wind power capacity across Swedish municipalities
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 58, s. 135-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of installed wind power varies significantly across municipalities although the financial support for wind power production and the technology available is identical in all Swedish municipalities. This study analyses how local differences between municipalities, such as local wind prerequisites and socioeconomic conditions, might explain the establishment of wind power. The analysis is carried out for a cross section of Swedish municipalities. The time periods before and after 2006 are analyzed separately; and results reveal that the factors affecting wind power establishments are different between the two periods. In the later time period we found a statistically significant positive relationship between good wind resources and the presence of wind power as well as with the amount of wind energy installed. This result is consistent with the idea that the first wind power investments in Sweden were highly affected by individual wind energy enthusiasts, while in the more recent large-scale investments market-based judgments about future profitability may have become increasingly important. In addition, previous experience seems to be a factor that in itself facilitates additional future wind power establishments, thereby pointing to the role of accumulated institutional capacity.
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| 43. |
- Ek, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimering av luftad damm - resultat av pilotförsök
- 1994
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Omfattande pilotförsök har genomförts för att undersöka olika sätt att effektivisera befintliga luftade dammar i skogsindustrin. Målsättningen med projektet var att genom pilotförsök finna metoder att modifiera luftade dammar så att de kan ge reningseffekter motsvarande väl fungerande aktivslamanläggningar, en fullständig kloratreduktion och låga utsläpp av närsalter. Totalavloppsvatten från tillverkning av blekt och oblekt barr- och lövvedssulfatmassa integrerat med pappersbruk behandlades. Genom att i pilotanläggningen återföra slam från sedimenteringen kunde slambelastningen sänkas från den stora luftade dammens ca 1,5-2 kg COD/kg slam, dygn till under 0,2 COD/kg slam, dygn i pilotdammen. Samtidigt infördes en oluftad zon i början av dammen. Detta gav tillsammans med den låga belastningen ett mycket väl sedimenterande slam, som resulterade i låga utsläpp av suspenderat material och tillät en hög ytbelastning (över 2 m/h) i eftersedimenteringen. 20 % av dammvolymen avdelades som anoxisk (oluftad) zon med slamhalten ca 1 g/l. Resten av volymen luftades, halten löst syre hölls vid 2 mg/l, och slamhalten var där drygt 2 g/l. Inga närsalter tillsattes. Temperaturen var ca 30ºC och den hydrauliska uppehållstiden var 1,5 dygn. I rapporten diskuteras hur skalan kan ha påverkat resultaten. Ungefärliga kostnader för ombyggnad av en befintlig damm enligt det framtagna förslaget har beräknats för några standardfall.
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| 44. |
- Ek, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrospray Ionization from an Adjustable Gap between two Silicon Chips
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 1076-5174 .- 1096-9888. ; 44:2, s. 171-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a silicon chip - based electrospray emitter with a variable orifice size is presented. The device consists of two chips, with a thin beam elevating from the center of each of the chips. The chips are individually mounted to form an open gap of a narrow, uniform width between the top areas of the beams. The electrospray is generated at the endpoint of the gap, where the spray point is formed by the very sharp intersection between the crystal planes of the < 100 > silicon chips. Sample solution is applied to the rear end of the gap from a capillary via a liquid bridge, and capillary forces ensure a spontaneous imbibition of the gap. The sample solution is confined to the gap by means of a hydrophobic treatment of the surfaces surrounding the gap, as well as the geometrical boundaries formed by the edges of the gap walls. The gap width could be adjusted between 1 and 25 μm during electrospray experiments without suffering from any interruption of the electrospray process. Using a peptide sample solution, a shift toward higher charge states and increased signal-to-noise ratios was observed when the gap width was decreased. The limit of detection for the peptide insulin (chain B, oxidized) was approximately 4 nM. We also show a successful interfacing of the electrospray setup with capillary electrophoresis.
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| 45. |
- Ek, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry from discrete nanoliter-sized sample volumes
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 0951-4198 .- 1097-0231. ; 24:17, s. 2561-2568
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a method for nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nESI-MS) of very small sample volumes. Nanoliter-sized sample droplets were taken up by suction into a nanoelectrospray needle from a silicon microchip prior to ESI. To avoid a rapid evaporation of the small sample volumes, all manipulation steps were performed under a cover of fluorocarbon liquid. Sample volumes down to 1.5 nL were successfully analyzed, and an absolute limit of detection of 105 attomole of insulin (chain B, oxidized) was obtained. The open access to the sample droplets on the silicon chip provides the possibility to add reagents to the sample droplets and perform chemical reactions under an extended period of time. This was demonstrated in an example where we performed a tryptic digestion of cytochrome C in a nanoliter-sized sample volume for 2.5h, followed by monitoring the outcome of the reaction with nESI-MS. The technology was also utilized for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) sequencing analysis of a 2 nL solution of angiotensin I.
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| 46. |
- Ek, Patrik, 1980-
(författare)
-
Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization from an Adjustable Gap
- 2008
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the fabrication and analytical evaluation of two new electrospray emitters utilized for mass spectrometry analysis is presented. The emitters are based on a new concept, where the spray orifice can be varied in size. The thesis is based on two papers. All present-day nanoelectrospray emitters have fixed dimensions. The range of the applicable flow rate for such an emitter is therefore rather limited and exchange of emitters may be necessary from one experiment to another. Optimization of the signal of the analyte ions is also limited to adjustments of the applied voltage or the distance between the emitter and the mass spectrometer inlet. Furthermore, clogging can occur in emitters with fixed dimensions of narrow orifice sizes. In this thesis, electrospray emitters with a variable size of the spray orifice are proposed. An open gap between two thin substrates is filled with sample solution via a liquid bridge from a capillary. Electrospray is generated at the end point of the gap, which can be varied in width. In Paper I, electrospray emitters fabricated in polyethylene terephthalate have been evaluated. Triangular tips are manually cut from the polymer film. The tips are mounted to form a gap between the edges of the tips. The gap wall surfaces are subjected to a hydrophilic surface treatment to increase the wetting of the gap walls. In Paper II, silicon electrospray chips with high precision are fabricated and evaluated. A thin beam, elevated from the bulk silicon chip is fabricated by means of deep reactive ion etching. The top surfaces of the beams of two chips act as a sample conduit when mounted in the electrospray setup. An anisotropic etching step with KOH of the intersecting <100> crystal planes results in a very sharp spray point. The emitters were given a hydrophobic surface treatment except for the hydrophilic gap walls. For both emitter designs, the gap width has been adjusted during the experiments without any interruption of the electrospray. For a continuously applied peptide mixture, a shift towards higher charge states and increased signal to noise ratios could be observed when decreasing the gap width. The limit of detection has been investigated and the silicon chips have been interfaced with capillary electrophoresis.
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| 47. |
- Ek, Patrik, 1980-
(författare)
-
New methods for sensitive analysis with nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, new methods that address some current limitations in nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry (nESI-MS) analysis are presented. One of the major objectives is the potential gain in sensitivity that can be obtained when employing the proposed techniques. In the first part of this thesis, a new emitter, based on the generation of electrospray from a spray orifice with variable size, is presented. Electrospray is generated from an open gap between the edges of two individually mounted, pointed tips. The fabrication and evaluation of two different types of such emitters is presented; an ESI emitter fabricated from polyethylene terephtalate (Paper I), and a high-precision silicon device (Paper II). Both emitters were surface-treated in a selective way for an improved wetting of the gap and to confine the sample solution into the gap. In the second part of this thesis, different methods for improved sensitivity of nESI-MS analysis have been developed. In Paper III, a method for nESI-MS analysis from discrete sample volumes down to 1.5 nL is presented, using commercially available nESI needles. When analyzing attomole amounts of analyte in such a small volume of sample, an increased sensitivity was obtained, compared to when analyzing equal amounts in conventional nESI-MS analysis. To be able to analyze smaller sample volumes, needles with a narrower orifice and a higher flow resistance were needed. This triggered the development of a new method for fabrication of fused silica nESI needles (Paper IV). The fabrication is based on melting of a fused silica capillary by means of a rotating plasma, prior to pulling the capillary into a fine tip. Using the described technique, needles with sub-micrometer orifices could be fabricated. Such needles enabled the analysis of sample volumes down to 275 pL, and a further improvement of the sensitivity was obtained. In a final project (Paper V), nESI-MS was used to study the aggregation behavior of Aβ peptides, related to Alzheimer’s disease. An immunoprecipitation followed by nESI-MS was employed. This technique was also utilized to study the selectivity of the antibodies utilized.
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| 48. |
- Ek Styvén, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Benefits and barriers for the use of digital channels among small tourism companies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 19:1, s. 27-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to identify and explain perceived benefits and barriers for the use of digital channels by tourism companies in Swedish Lapland. Data were collected through exploratory interviews and an online survey to tourism companies in the region, most of which are small firms. Through factor analysis, we identified four barriers (Financial risk, Time constraints, External environment, and Lack of IT expertise and strategy) and three benefits (Internal efficiency, Marketing and competition, and Financial benefit) connected to the use of digital channels for customer communication. Results suggest that having staff with work time specifically reserved for working with digital channels, rather than trying to manage this alongside other tasks, increases the perceived benefits and decreases barriers related to Information and Communication (ICT) use. Moreover, analysis shows that the most important factors explaining tourism firms’ intentions to use digital channels are the perceived benefits connected to marketing and competition, as well as the perceived financial risk, which works as a barrier. Contrary to expectations, time constraints had a significant positive correlation with the intention to use digital channels. This implies that tourism firms in Swedish Lapland increasingly recognize the necessity of investing time in online communications in order to attract more visitors.
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- Ek Styvén, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Impulse buying tendencies among online shoppers in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2040-7122. ; 11:4, s. 416-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize consumers with high impulse buying tendency (IBT) by comparing them with low-IBT consumers in an online shopping context.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a postal survey to a random sample of Swedish citizens, resulting in 144 responses, which were analysed statistically.Findings: Results indicate that high-IBT consumers, compared to those with low IBT, are on average younger, more likely to be female and more frequent online shoppers with higher levels of trust in the internet. However, they seem more likely than low-IBT consumers to abandon their online shopping carts before completing the purchase, often because of need uncertainty.Practical implications: The findings can give retailers a better understanding of consumers with high IBT and thereby increase the possibility to target and communicate with them more effectively. This is an interesting opportunity as both multi-channel shopping and impulse buying behaviour is likely to become even more common in the future.Originality/value: The study contributes to the understanding of impulsive consumers, as it addresses the role of situational and socio-demographic attributes of high-IBT consumers compared to low-IBT consumers. The differences in online purchases, intentions to buy fashion online, shopping cart abandonment and trust in the internet suggest that even if IBT is a relatively stable and general personal trait, the tendencies to act on buying impulses may be more context-specific.
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