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Sökning: WFRF:(Ek Bo)

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1.
  • Hedström, Brita, et al. (författare)
  • Visby Innerstad : En användningsplan
  • 1973
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Sedan lång tid föreligger i stort sett enighet om att bevara innerstadens bebyggelse och att anpassa eventuella nytillskott till det redan bestående. Med den inställningen har förändringsprocessen både dämpats och mildrats men ändå inte bragts att avstanna. Förändringar sker ständigt om det också huvudsakligen i smått: de många synbart så anspråkslösa byggnadsåtgärderna adderar efterhand ihop sig till något större och mer genomgripande. Långsamt, nästan omärkligt, ändrar innerstaden sitt ansikte.Ändå är det inte själva husen som förändrats mest utan användningen av dem. Ur funktionell synpunkt har 1950 - och 60-talen har varit något av en omstörtning i innerstadens historia: den har förlorat nästan hälften av de boende, en stor del av detaljhandeln och praktiskt taget helt sin gamla roll som skolcentrum. I gengäld har ytterstaden vuxit ut till ett sammanhängande kilometerbrett bälte. Till stor del av denna funktionella förändring en följd av beslutet att bevara innerstadens bebyggelse. Vad som inte fått plats inom den gamla ramen har etablerats utandör den.Föreliggande arbete vill ge en översiktlig bild av förändringsförloppen, sedda i ett långt tidsperspektiv men med tonvikt på dagsläget. Bebyggelsen tas upp till utförlig granskning men också användningen av den. Det är just samspelet mellan husen och de funtkioner, de fyller, som kan sägas utgöra bokens huvudtema. I de flesta fall är detta sammanhang hus-användning alldeles konfliktfritt och föranleder därför inte heller någon diskussion. Vad som behandlas är de relativt få problematiska fallen, hus som borde rustas upp för att fylla sin uppgift, hus som är olämpligt nyttjade eller inte använda alls. En serie sådana fall tas upp till systematisk genomgång; samtidigt berörs också de trafik - och miljömässiga konsekvenserna. Bokens syfte är alltså klart: den ger ett underlag av fakta för arbetet med att jämka samman byggnader och användningsformer. I den meningen kan skriften kallas en anvädningsplan för Visby innanför murarna.Arkitekturskolanas arbete har bedrivitis parallellt med den kommunala Innerstadskommitténs verksamhet. Något organiserat samarbete har inte förekommit med de informella kontakterna har varit både täta och goda. Att likheterna mellan Innerstadskommittén och Arkitekturskolans slutsatser blivit så pass stora, kan tillskrivas en gemensam helhetssyn.En av Arkitekturskolans elever, arkitekt Lars-Ingvar Larsson, har tidigare självständigt genomfört en undersökning av förändringar i innerstaden 1945-70- Denna studie publicerats separat och bör uppfattas som ett komplement till den hör föreliggande.Förutom de i innehållsförteckningen nämnda har ytterligare några aktivt medverkat i arbetet. Studiet av trafikfrågorna i innerstaden, i hamnen och öster om ringmuren leddes av Åke Claesson, I fältstudier och diskussioner medverkande Göran Månsson.Arkitekturskolan har fått god hjälp av ett antal initierade personer i Visby. Särskild tacksamhet är vi skyldiga byggnadsnämnden ordförande Henning Jacobson, kommunalrådet C B Stenström, stadsarkitekten Måns Hagbergm f. länsbostadsdorektören Åke Malmberg och landsantikvarien Gunnar Svahnström. I boken publiceringskostnaderna har ekonomiskt bidrag lämnats av Gotlands kommun och Riksantikvarieämbetet.Boken har redigerats av Sture Balgård och Ann Mari Westerlind med hjälp av Henrik O Andersson, Bo Ek, Göran Lindahl, Fredrik von Platen, John Sjöström Gunnar Westerlind och Hans Wetterfors.Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, sommaren 1973.Arkitekturskolans lärare och elever.
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  • Beckman-Sundh, Ulla, et al. (författare)
  • A screening method for phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 activity
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 116:3, s. 161-168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction. Research in the field of protein-bound phosphohistidine phosphorylation has been hampered by the difficulties in analysis and detection of phosphohistidine. Therefore a screening method was developed primarily for the analysis of phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1) activity. Methods. A highly positively charged substrate, Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA, containing the peptide surrounding the phosphorylated histidine in ion channel KCa3.1 was chemically phosphorylated using phosphoramidate. Excess phosphoramidate was removed by anion exchange chromatography using a micro spin column. After incubation of the eluate with PHPT1, the removed phosphate was bound on a consecutive anion exchange spin column. The eluate was assayed in a micro plate format for remaining phosphate in the substrate Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA. Histone H4, also highly positive in charge, was subjected to the same procedure to explore the possibility to use other substrates to PHPT1 in this assay format. Results. It was found that Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA and phosphohistone H4 were dephosphorylated by PHPT1. The apparent K(m) for Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA was in the order of 10 mu M. Using this method, phosphohistidine phosphatase activity was detected in mouse liver cell sap with Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA as substrate. Discussion. The described method for determination of PHPT1 activity is comparably much easier and faster than presently used methods for detection of phosphohistidine phosphatase activity. It is also sensitive, since the lower activity limit was 5 pmol phosphate released per min. It has the potential to be used both for more rapid screening for inhibitors and activators to phosphohistidine phosphatases and for screening of histidine kinases.
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  • Ek, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • Identification and characterization of a mammalian 14-kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 269, s. 5016-5023
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Protein histidine phosphorylation in eukaryotes has beensparsely studied compared to protein serine/threonine andtyrosine phosphorylation. In an attempt to rectify this byprobing porcine liver cytosol with the phosphohistidinecontainingpeptide succinyl-Ala-His(P)-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide(phosphopeptide I), we observed a phosphataseactivity that was insensitive towards okadaic acid andEDTA. This suggested the existence of a phosphohistidinephosphatase different from protein phosphatase 1, 2Aand 2C. A 1000-fold purification to apparent homogeneitygave a 14-kDa phosphatase with a specific activity of 3lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 at pH 7.5 with 7 lM phosphopeptide Ias substrate. Partial amino-acid sequence determination ofthe purified porcine enzyme by MS revealed similaritywith a human sequence representing a human chromosome9 gene of hitherto unknown function. Molecularcloning from a human embryonic kidney cell cDNAlibraryfollowed by expression and purification, yielded aprotein with a molecular mass of 13 700 Da, and anEDTA-insensitive phosphohistidine phosphatase activityof 9 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 towards phosphopeptide I. Nodetectable activity was obtained towards a set of phosphoserine-,phosphothreonine-, and phosphotyrosine peptides.Northern blot analysis indicated that the humanphosphohistidine phosphatase mRNA was present preferentiallyin heart and skeletal muscle. These resultsprovide a new tool for studying eukaryotic histidinephosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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  • Ek, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1) also dephosphorylates phospholysine of chemically phosphorylated histone H1 and polylysine
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 120:1, s. 20-27
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. Phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1), also named protein histidine phosphatase (PHP), is a eukaryotic enzyme dephosphorylating proteins and peptides that are phosphorylated on a histidine residue. A preliminary finding that histone H1, which lacks histidine, was phosphorylated by phosphoramidate and dephosphorylated by PHPT1 prompted the present investigation. Methods. Histone H1 and polylysine were phosphorylated at a low concentration (3.9 mM) of phosphoramidate. Their dephosphorylation by recombinant human PHPT1 was investigated by using a DEAE-Sepharose spin column technique earlier developed by us for studies on basic phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides. Determination of protein-bound, acid-labile phosphate was performed by a malachite green method. Mass spectrometry (MS) was used to investigate the occurrence of N-epsilon-phospholysine residues in a phosphorylated histone H 1.2 preparation, and to measure the activity of PHPT1 against free N-omega-phosphoarginine. Results. Histone H1.2, which lacks histidine, was phosphorylated by phosphoramidate on several lysine residues, as shown by MS. PHPT1 was shown to dephosphorylate phosphohistone H1 at a rate similar to that previously described for the dephosphorylation of phosphohistidine-containing peptides. In addition, phosphopolylysine was an equally good substrate for PHPT1. However, no dephosphorylation of free phosphoarginine by PHPT1 could be detected. Conclusion. The finding that PHPT1 can dephosphorylate phospholysine in chemically phosphorylated histone H1 and polylysine demonstrates a broader specificity for this enzyme than known so far.
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  • Mishra, A, et al. (författare)
  • Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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  • Berglund, Marika, et al. (författare)
  • Nationell kartläggning av arsenikhalter i brunnsvatten samt hälsoriskbedömning
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Arsenik (As) är ett grundämne som förekommer naturligt i berggrunden. I områdenmed sulfidrika bergarter som vissa skiffrar och andra äldre sedimentbergarter kanarsenikhalten i vattnet vara över eller mycket över gränsvärdet för dricksvatten (10 μgAs/l). Dricksvattnet från framför allt bergborrade brunnar kan därför utgöra enbetydande källa till arsenikexponering. Drygt en miljon permanentboende och ungefärlika många fritidsboende har sin dricksvattenförsörjning från egen brunn. Antaletborrade brunnar ökar. Tidigare undersökningar har visat förhöjda till högaarsenikhalter i brunnsvatten, framför allt i bergborrade brunnar, i Skelleftefältet iVästerbotten, i ett stråk mellan Västerås och Enköping och kring Sollefteå. I flera länsaknas i dagsläget helt information om arsenikhalter i grundvatten.Gränsvärdet för arsenik i dricksvatten baseras på livstidsrisken för cancer. Arsenikkan ge tumörer i hud, lunga och urinblåsa, möjligen även i lever och njure. Detidigaste symptomen på kronisk arsenikförgiftning är pigmenteringsförändringar ihuden och förtjockning av hudens hornlager framför allt på handflator och fotsulor.Risken för negativa hälsoeffekter minskar om exponeringen minskar eller upphör. Detär således önskvärt att begränsa intaget av arsenik så långt det är möjligt. Detta gällerspeciellt för barn, eftersom experimentella studier tyder på att foster och små barn kanvara känsligare än vuxna.Inom ramen för den nationella hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen analyseradesunder 2004 arsenik i 199 brunnsvattenprover tagna före eventuella filter. I dennarapport redovisas även resultaten från arsenikanalyser utförda vid SGU 2001-2003(totalt 178 brunnsvatten). Sammantaget redovisas arsenikanalyser för 377brunnsvatten från 14 län och 97 kommuner. I några län har endast ett fåtal prov tagits.Syftet med undersökningen var att kartlägga arsenikhalter i enskilda brunnar samt attsätta uppmätta halter i relation till kända risknivåer och göra en hälsoriskbedömning.Arsenikhalterna var låga i del flesta län. I 4,8% av brunnarna var arsenikhalten högreän 10 μg/l (range 11-297 g/l) och i 1,9% av brunnarna var halten högre än 100 μg/l(range 108-297 g/l). De högsta halterna uppmättes i Västerbotten (297 μg/l),Stockholm (max-halt 231μg/l) och Västmanlands län (25 μg/l). Arsenikhalter straxunder gränsvärdesnivån 10 μg/l uppmättes i Jämtland, Norrbotten ochVästernorrlands län samt på Öland. I övriga län låg alla uppmätta arsenikhalter under10 μg/l.SyfteAtt kartlägga arsenikhalter i enskilda brunnar samt att sätta uppmätta halter i relationtill kända risknivåer och göra en hälsoriskbedömning.
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30.
  • Bi, Zhaoxia, et al. (författare)
  • InN quantum dots on GaN nanowires grown by MOVPE
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: physica status solidi (c). - : Wiley. - 1862-6351 .- 1610-1642 .- 1610-1634. ; 11, s. 421-424
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, growth of InN quantum dots (QDs) on GaN nanowires (NWs) by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy is demonstrated, illustrating the feasibility to combine 0D and 1D structures for nitride semiconductors. Selective area growth was used to generate arrays of c-oriented GaN NWs using Si3N4 as the mask material. In general, InN QDs tend to form at the NW edges between the m-plane side facets, but the QD growth can also be tuned to the side facets by controlling the growth temperature and the growth rate. TEM characterization reveals that I1-type stacking faults are formed in the QDs and originate from the misfit dislocations at the InN/GaN interface. Photoluminescence measurement at 4 K shows that the peak shifts to high energy with reduced dot size. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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  • Bi, Zhaoxia, et al. (författare)
  • Self-assembled InN quantum dots on side facets of GaN nanowires
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 123:16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Self-assembled, atomic diffusion controlled growth of InN quantum dots was realized on the side facets of dislocation-free and c-oriented GaN nanowires having a hexagonal cross-section. The nanowires were synthesized by selective area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. A 3 Å thick InN wetting layer was observed after growth, on top of which the InN quantum dots formed, indicating self-assembly in the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode. We found that the InN quantum dots can be tuned to nucleate either preferentially at the edges between GaN nanowire side facets, or directly on the side facets by tuning the adatom migration by controlling the precursor supersaturation and growth temperature. Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy and reciprocal space mapping show that the InN quantum dots are close to be fully relaxed (residual strain below 1%) and that the c-planes of the InN quantum dots are tilted with respect to the GaN core. The strain relaxes mainly by the formation of misfit dislocations, observed with a periodicity of 3.2 nm at the InN and GaN hetero-interface. The misfit dislocations introduce I1 type stacking faults (...ABABCBC...) in the InN quantum dots. Photoluminescence investigations of the InN quantum dots show that the emissions shift to higher energy with reduced quantum dot size, which we attribute to increased quantum confinement.
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  • Bozaykut, Perinur, et al. (författare)
  • The role of heat stress on the age related protein carbonylation
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919 .- 1876-7737. ; 89, s. 238-254
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since the proteins are involved in many physiological processes in the organisms, modifications of proteins have important outcomes. Protein modifications are classified in several ways and oxidative stress related ones take a wide place. Aging is characterized by the accumulation of oxidized proteins and decreased degradation of these proteins. On the other hand protein turnover is an important regulatory mechanism for the control of protein homeostasis. Heat shock proteins are a highly conserved family of proteins in the various cells and organisms whose expressions are highly inducible during stress conditions. These proteins participate in protein assembly, trafficking, degradation and therefore play important role in protein turnover. Although the entire functions of each heat shock protein are still not completely investigated, these proteins have been implicated in the processes of protection and repair of stress-induced protein damage. This study has focused on the heat stress related carbonylated proteins, as a marker of oxidative protein modification, in young and senescent fibroblasts. The results are discussed with reference to potential involvement of induced heat shock proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Modifications. Biological significance Age-related protein modifications, especially protein carbonylation take a wide place in the literature. In this direction, to highlight the role of heat shock proteins in the oxidative modifications may bring a new aspect to the literature. On the other hand, identified carbonylated proteins in this study confirm the importance of folding process in the mitochondria which will be further analyzed in detail.
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  • Driscoll, T, et al. (författare)
  • Global and regional burden of disease and injury in 2016 arising from occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 77:3, s. 133-141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study provides an overview of the influence of occupational risk factors on the global burden of disease as estimated by the occupational component of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study.MethodsThe GBD 2016 study estimated the burden in terms of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) arising from the effects of occupational risk factors (carcinogens; asthmagens; particulate matter, gases and fumes (PMGF); secondhand smoke (SHS); noise; ergonomic risk factors for low back pain; risk factors for injury). A population attributable fraction (PAF) approach was used for most risk factors.ResultsIn 2016, globally, an estimated 1.53 (95% uncertainty interval 1.39–1.68) million deaths and 76.1 (66.3–86.3) million DALYs were attributable to the included occupational risk factors, accounting for 2.8% of deaths and 3.2% of DALYs from all causes. Most deaths were attributable to PMGF, carcinogens (particularly asbestos), injury risk factors and SHS. Most DALYs were attributable to injury risk factors and ergonomic exposures. Men and persons 55 years or older were most affected. PAFs ranged from 26.8% for low back pain from ergonomic risk factors and 19.6% for hearing loss from noise to 3.4% for carcinogens. DALYs per capita were highest in Oceania, Southeast Asia and Central sub-Saharan Africa. On a per capita basis, between 1990 and 2016 there was an overall decrease of about 31% in deaths and 25% in DALYs.ConclusionsOccupational exposures continue to cause an important health burden worldwide, justifying the need for ongoing prevention and control initiatives.
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  • Dubois, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Proteomic profiling of detergent resistant membranes (lipid rafts) of prostasomes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 14:11, s. 3015-3022
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prostasomes are exosomes derived from prostate epithelial cells through exocytosis by multivesicular bodies. Prostasomes have a bilayered membrane and readily interact with sperm. The membrane lipid composition is unusual with a high contribution of sphingomyelin at the expense of phosphatidylcholine and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are dominant. Lipid rafts are liquid-ordered domains that are more tightly packed than the surrounding non-raft phase of the bilayer. Lipid rafts are proposed to be highly dynamic, submicroscopic assemblies that float freely within the liquid disordered membrane bilayer and some proteins preferentially partition into the ordered raft domains. We asked the question whether lipid rafts do exist in prostasomes and, if so, which proteins might be associated with them. Prostasomes of density range 1.13-1.19g/mL were subjected to density gradient ultracentrifugation in sucrose fabricated by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1% Triton X-100 with capacity for banding at 1.10g/mL, i.e. the classical density of lipid rafts. Prepared prostasomal lipid rafts (by gradient ultracentrifugation) were analyzed by mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. The clearly visible band on top of 1.10g/mL sucrose in the Triton X-100 containing gradient was subjected to LC-MS/MS and more than 370 lipid raft associated proteins were identified. Several of them were involved in intraluminal vesicle formation, e.g. tetraspanins, ESCRTs and Ras-related proteins. This is the first comprehensive LC-MS/MS profiling of proteins in lipid rafts derived from exosomes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002163.
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  • Ek, Britt-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Naturlig radioaktivitet, uran och andra metaller i dricksvatten
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Naturligt radioaktiva ämnen och metaller förekommer i dricksvatten men halterna varierar mycket mellan olika brunnar. De tidsmässiga variationerna är i allmänhet måttliga. Många undersökningar av radonhalter i svenskt dricksvatten har visat att förhöjda halter finns främst i områden med kristallina prekambriska bergarter som t ex vissa graniter och omvandlade vulkaniska och sedimentära bergarter. Förhöjda halter av uran och radium i dricksvatten uppträder ofta inom samma geografiska områden dock inte nödvändigtvis i samma brunnar. Uran finns i dricksvattnet i många delar av Sverige med halter som överstiger myndigheternas rekommendationer. Radium, som är svårlösligt i vatten, är sparsamt förekommande i dricksvatten. En viktig anledning till den genomförda undersökningen är de hälsomässiga problemen med radioaktivitet och metaller i dricksvatten. Socialstyrelsens hälsomässiga riktvärde (otjänligt) för radon är 1000 Bq/l. För uran finns sedan 2003 en med Livsmedelsverket och Socialstyrelsen gemensam rekommendation att uranhalten inte bör överstiga 15 μg/l i dricksvatten p.g.a. dess kemiska toxicitet. Riktvärdet för arsenik sänktes 2003 från det tidigare värdet 50 μg/l till 10 μg/l. För de flesta ämnen i denna undersökning används Socialstyrelsens riktvärden. Där riktvärden saknas används Livsmedelsverkets eller Världshälsoorganisationens (WHOs) gränsvärden eller rekommendationer. För enskild vattenförsörjning används ungefär 270 000 bergborrade brunnar och 180 000 jordbrunnar av permanentboende. Dessutom utnyttjas sammantaget ungefär lika många jord- och bergborrade brunnar av fritidsboende. Projektet har genomförts under perioden 2001 – 2006 i samverkan med Statens strålskyddsinstitut. Finansiering har under 2006 även erhållits av Naturvårdsverket genom medel från den hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen (NV-avtal nr 215 0610, dnr 721-1594-06Mm ). Tack vare finansieringen från Naturvårdsverket har en rikstäckande undersökning kunnat genomföras med ytterligare provtagning av 324 brunnar. I resultaten redovisas data från hela projektperioden där sammantaget 768 brunnar har ingått.
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39.
  • Ek, Britt-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Naturligt radioaktiva ämnen, arsenik och andra metaller i dricksvatten från enskilda brunnar
  • 2008
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Vatten är vårt viktigaste livsmedel. I Sverige använder 1,2 miljoner permanentboende människor vatten från egen brunn. Trots detta är inte vattenkvaliteten för enskild dricksvattenförsörjning tillfredsställande kartlagd. Framförallt har kunskapen om naturlig radioaktivitet och metaller i vattnet varit begränsad. Sveriges geologiska undersökning (SGU) initierade år 2001 tillsammans med Statens strålskyddsinstitut (SSI) ett sexårigt samarbete för att kartlägga naturligt förekommande radioaktiva ämnen, metaller och andra ämnen i dricksvatten från enskilda främst bergborrade brunnar. Resultaten av undersökningen ska kunna användas av myndigheter på både riks- och lokalplanet för riskbedömningar och för att utveckla förslag till åtgärder samt som underlag för riktvärden och gränsvärden. Denna rapport fokuserar främst på de naturligt förekommande radioaktiva ämnena samt uran och arsenik. SGU har finansierat sin del av projektet med interna forskningsmedel. Under 2004 och 2006 har finansiering även erhållits av den hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen vid Naturvårdsverket. SSI har utfört undersökningarna inom det egna miljöövervakningsprogrammet. Provtagningen har, med några undantag, utförts av personal från SGU. Analyser har utförts av AnalyCen, SGU, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet och SSI. Till samtliga som har medverkat och speciellt till alla vänliga och intresserade brunnsägare som har ställt upp vid provtagningarna riktats här ett mycket varmt tack.
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42.
  • Ekman, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • The quantity of protein-bound (32P)phosphotyrosine in hepatocytes and fibroblasts : The effects of tyrosine protein kinase activating agents
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo). - 0021-924X .- 1756-2651. ; 101:4, s. 863-870
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tyrosine protein kinase activities have been demonstrated in transformed and normal cell systems. So far, few data on the quantity of protein-bound phosphotyrosine in intact cells have been published. A knowledge of the stoichiometric increase in phosphotyrosine in cells after hormonal induction could be of interest when evaluating the importance of the tyrosine protein kinase activities found. By the addition of a known amount of unlabeled phosphotyrosine to the precipitated protein of 32P-phosphate-labeled cells it was possible after alkaline hydrolysis to spectrophotometrically follow the phosphotyrosine during consecutive chromatographies of the material. From the specific radioactivity of the purified phosphotyrosine the initial concentration of [32P]phosphotyrosine could be calculated. The method proved to be useful for the determination of [32P]phosphotyrosine is small amounts of cells. The minimum detectable amount of [32P]phosphotyrosine was about 1 pmol, and as an example, only 2.5 X 10(6) fibroblasts were needed. By this method it was shown that platelet-derived growth factor increased protein-bound [32P]phosphotyrosine from 600 to 3,200 pmol/g of fibroblasts, while insulin only increased the [32P]phosphotyrosine from 110 to 120 pmol/g of hepatocytes.
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43.
  • Eriksson, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Microfluidic analysis of antibody specificity in a compact disk format
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 5:7, s. 1568-1574
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A new and flexible technology for high throughput analysis of antibody specificity and affinity is presented. The method is based on microfluidics and takes advantage of compact disks (CDs) in which the centrifugal force moves fluids through microstructures containing immobilized metal affinity chromatography columns. Analyses are performed as a sandwich assay, where antigen is captured to the column via a genetically attached His(6)-tag. The antibodies to be analyzed are applied onto the columns. Thereafter, fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies recognize the bound primary antibodies, and detection is carried out by laser-induced fluorescence. The CDs contain 104 microstructures enabling analysis of antibodies against more than 100 different proteins using a single CD. Importantly, through the three- dimensional visualization of the binding patterns in a column it is possible to separate high affinity from low affinity binding. The method presented here is shown to be very sensitive, flexible and reproducible.
  •  
44.
  • Feigin, VL, et al. (författare)
  • Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: The GBD 2013 Study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0208 .- 0251-5350. ; 45:3, s. 161-176
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • <b><i>Background:</i></b> Global stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Although age-standardized rates of stroke mortality have decreased worldwide in the past 2 decades, the absolute numbers of people who have a stroke every year, and live with the consequences of stroke or die from their stroke, are increasing. Regular updates on the current level of stroke burden are important for advancing our knowledge on stroke epidemiology and facilitate organization and planning of evidence-based stroke care. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aims to estimate incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) and their trends for ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) for 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALYs and YLDs were estimated using all available data on mortality and stroke incidence, prevalence and excess mortality. Statistical models and country-level covariate data were employed, and all rates were age-standardized to a global population. All estimates were produced with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 2013, there were globally almost 25.7 million stroke survivors (71% with IS), 6.5 million deaths from stroke (51% died from IS), 113 million DALYs due to stroke (58% due to IS) and 10.3 million new strokes (67% IS). Over the 1990-2013 period, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of DALYs due to IS, and of deaths from IS and HS, survivors and incident events for both IS and HS. The preponderance of the burden of stroke continued to reside in developing countries, comprising 75.2% of deaths from stroke and 81.0% of stroke-related DALYs. Globally, the proportional contribution of stroke-related DALYs and deaths due to stroke compared to all diseases increased from 1990 (3.54% (95% UI 3.11-4.00) and 9.66% (95% UI 8.47-10.70), respectively) to 2013 (4.62% (95% UI 4.01-5.30) and 11.75% (95% UI 10.45-13.31), respectively), but there was a diverging trend in developed and developing countries with a significant increase in DALYs and deaths in developing countries, and no measurable change in the proportional contribution of DALYs and deaths from stroke in developed countries. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Global stroke burden continues to increase globally. More efficient stroke prevention and management strategies are urgently needed to halt and eventually reverse the stroke pandemic, while universal access to organized stroke services should be a priority.
  •  
45.
  • Feng, Qi, et al. (författare)
  • Null association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization and non-allergic rhinitis : A Mendelian randomization study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 51:1, s. 78-86
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Previous observational studies have not found a conclusive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic sensitization (AS). Objective To investigate a causal association between 25(OH)D levels with risk of AR and AS, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, were identified as instrumental variables. The primary outcome was AR, and the secondary outcomes were AS and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). The genome-wide association (GWA) summary statistics of the outcomes were obtained from two cohort studies (EAGLE Consortium and UK Biobank). An MR analysis with random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was performed as the primary analysis to estimate overall effect size (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Sensitivity analysis using weighted median method and MR-Egger regression method was conducted. A subgroup analysis based on 25(OH)D synthesis-related SNPs was further applied. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with risk of AR (OR: 0.960; 95% CI: 0.779-1.184), AS (OR: 1.059; 95% CI: 0.686 to 1.634) or NAR (OR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.588-1.491). Subgroup analysis also showed null association between 25(OH)D synthesis-related SNPs and the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This MR study found no evidence supporting a causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of AR, AS and NAR in European-ancestry population. This argues against the previous postulation that vitamin D supplementation is effective in prevention of allergic diseases.
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46.
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47.
  • Gabrielson, Marike, et al. (författare)
  • Inclusion of Plasma Prolactin Levels in Current Risk Prediction Models of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: JNCI CANCER SPECTRUM. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2515-5091. ; 2:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Circulating plasma prolactin is associated with breast cancer risk and may improve our ability to identify high-risk women. Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, but the association with prolactin is unclear. We studied the association between breast cancer, established breast cancer risk factors and plasma prolactin, and improvement of risk prediction by adding prolactin. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study including 721 breast cancer patients and 1400 age-matched controls. Plasma prolactin levels were assayed using immunoassay and mammographic density measured by STRATUS. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by multivariable adjusted logistic regression, and improvement in the area under the curve for the risk of breast cancer by adding prolactin to established risk models. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results: In multivariable adjusted analyses, prolactin was associated with risk of premenopausal (OR, top vs bottom quintile = 1.9; 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 3.26) but not with postmenopausal breast cancer. In postmenopausal cases prolactin increased by 10.6% per cBIRADS category (P-trend = .03). In combined analyses of prolactin and mammographic density, ORs for women in the highest vs lowest tertile of both was 3.2 (95% CI = 1.3 to 7.7) for premenopausal women and 2.44 (95% CI = 1.44 to 4.14) for postmenopausal women. Adding prolactin to current risk models improved the area under the curve of the Gail model (+2.4 units, P = .02), Tyrer-Cuzick model (+3.8, P = .02), and the CAD2Y model (+1.7, P = .008) in premenopausal women. Conclusion: Circulating plasma prolactin and mammographic density appear independently associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women, and prolactin may improve risk prediction by current risk models.
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