| 1. |
- Beckman-Sundh, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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A screening method for phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 activity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 116:3, s. 161-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Research in the field of protein-bound phosphohistidine phosphorylation has been hampered by the difficulties in analysis and detection of phosphohistidine. Therefore a screening method was developed primarily for the analysis of phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1) activity. Methods. A highly positively charged substrate, Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA, containing the peptide surrounding the phosphorylated histidine in ion channel KCa3.1 was chemically phosphorylated using phosphoramidate. Excess phosphoramidate was removed by anion exchange chromatography using a micro spin column. After incubation of the eluate with PHPT1, the removed phosphate was bound on a consecutive anion exchange spin column. The eluate was assayed in a micro plate format for remaining phosphate in the substrate Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA. Histone H4, also highly positive in charge, was subjected to the same procedure to explore the possibility to use other substrates to PHPT1 in this assay format. Results. It was found that Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA and phosphohistone H4 were dephosphorylated by PHPT1. The apparent K(m) for Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA was in the order of 10 mu M. Using this method, phosphohistidine phosphatase activity was detected in mouse liver cell sap with Ac-Val-Arg-Leu-Lys-His(P)-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-pNA as substrate. Discussion. The described method for determination of PHPT1 activity is comparably much easier and faster than presently used methods for detection of phosphohistidine phosphatase activity. It is also sensitive, since the lower activity limit was 5 pmol phosphate released per min. It has the potential to be used both for more rapid screening for inhibitors and activators to phosphohistidine phosphatases and for screening of histidine kinases.
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| 2. |
- Cox Eriksson, Christine, 1956-
(författare)
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Children's Vocabulary Development : The role of parental input, vocabulary composition and early communicative skills
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to examine the early vocabulary development of a sample of Swedish children in relation to parental input and early communicative skills. Three studies are situated in an overall description of early language development in children. The data analyzed in the thesis was collected within a larger project at Stockholm University (SPRINT- “Effects of enhanced parental input on young children’s vocabulary development and subsequent literacy development” [VR 2008-5094]).Data analysis was based on parental report via SECDI, the Swedish version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, and audio recordings. One study examined parental verbal interaction characteristics in three groups of children with varying vocabulary size at 18 months. The stability of vocabulary development at 18 and 24 months was investigated in a larger study, with focus on children’s vocabulary composition and grammatical abilities. The third study examined interrelations among early gestures, receptive and productive vocabulary, and grammar measured with M3L, i.e. three longest utterances, from 12 to 30 months.Overall results of the thesis highlight the importance of early language development. Variability in different characteristics in parental input is associated with variability in child vocabulary size. Children with large early vocabularies exhibit the most stability in vocabulary composition and the earliest grammatical development. Children’s vocabulary composition may reflect individual stylistic variation. Use of early gestures is associated differentially with receptive and productive vocabulary.Results of the thesis have implications for parents, child- and healthcare personnel, as well as researchers and educational practitioners. The results underscore the importance of high quality in adult-child interaction, with rich input fine-tuned to children’s developmental levels and age, together with high awareness of early language development.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Baeckström, Dan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of the leukocyte-associated sialoglycoprotein CD43 by a colon carcinoma cell line
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9258. ; 270, s. 13688-13692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The colon adenocarcinoma cell line COLO 205 secretes L-CanAg, a mucin- like glycoprotein carrying the carcinoma-associated sialyl-Lewis a carbohydrate epitope. In an attempt to identify its apoprotein, an NH2- terminal peptide sequence was obtained from purified L-CanAg. In all interpretable positions, this sequence showed 100% identity to the NH2- terminal of human CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin), a plasma membrane-bound sialoglycoprotein hitherto only identified in leukocytes and other hematopoietic cells. An antiserum against deglycosylated L-CanAg and an anti- CD43 antiserum both immunoprecipitated a 61-kDa band, interpreted as the CD43 precursor, from COLO 205 cells as well as from the known CD43-expressing cell line HL-60. Results from immunoprecipitations following pulse-chase experiments and tunicamycin treatments were in agreement with earlier studies on the CD43 precursor. RNA blot analysis confirmed the expression of CD43 by the COLO 205 cell line, whereas three other colon carcinoma cell lines were negative. The glycosylation-dependent monoclonal antibody Leu-22, which recognizes leukocyte CD43, failed to bind L-CanAg, probably due to its much more extensive glycosylation. We conclude that L-CanAg is the secreted extracellular domain of a novel glycoform of CD43 and that CD43, if expressed in other carcinoma cells, may have escaped notice in studies relying on glycosylation-dependent monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte CD43.
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| 5. |
- Beckman Sundh, Ulla, 1953-
(författare)
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Studies on Phosphohistidine Phosphatase 1 : What? Where? Why?
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1) is a small protein, consisting of 125 amino acids, that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of histidine but does not have any activity towards other phosphorylated amino acids. PHPT1 was identified in 2002, and is so far the only mammalian histidine phosphatase known, but still little is known about its physiological role. No mammalian histidine kinases have hitherto been identified.Phosphorylation is one of the most important ways in which the structure and activity of a protein may be changed after translation. Proteins are phosphorylated on the side chain of amino acid residues. When a hydroxyl is phosphorylated the result is a phosphoester and when a nitrogen is phosphorylated the result is a phosphoamidate. Histidine may be phosphorylated on either of the two nitrogens of the imidazole ring of the side chain. The resulting phosphoamidate bond is labile and rich in energy, which makes histidine phosphorylation highly reversible and flexible. However, histidine phosphorylation is less studied than that of the phosphoesters due to the acid lability of the phosphoamidate bond.The work described in this thesis was focused on further elucidating the physiological role of PHPT1. Amino acid residues of importance for the activity of PHPT1 were identified, and mutants with decreased phosphatase activity were produced. These mutants have been used in studies on the function of PHPT1. By using immunohistochemical methodology the localization of PHPT1 in both mouse and human tissues was determined, with mainly similar results. A general finding was that expression of PHPT1 was high in epithelial cells with short turnover time, indicating that PHPT1 may have an important role in proliferating cells. We have also developed a comparatively fast and simple screening method for determination of PHPT1 activity. Since research in this field has been hampered by the lack of efficient and practical methodology, hopefully this new method will be an asset in search of inhibitors for PHPT1, which in turn may be used for detection of the elusive mammalian histidine kinases, the finding of which may give major breakthroughs in the field.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Blomqvist, My, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive ability and dental fear and anxiety
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 121:2, s. 117-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental fear and anxiety (DFA), as well as dental behavior management problems, are common in children and adolescents. Several psychological factors in the child, and parental DFA, have been studied and found to correlate to the child's DFA. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and DFA in a population-based group of children with identified behavior and learning problems. In conjunction with a dental examination at 11yr of age, 70 children were assessed with regard to DFA using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and their cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. In addition, parental DFA was measured using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. The results revealed that DFA was significantly correlated to verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) but not to any other cognitive index. A significant correlation was found between parental DFA and child DFA. The results indicate that the child's verbal capacity may be one factor of importance in explaining dental fear in children.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, My, et al.
(författare)
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Dental caries in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a population-based follow-up study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 119:5, s. 381-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tested the hypothesis that adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a higher prevalence of caries than adolescents in a control group. Thirty-two adolescents with ADHD and a control group of 55 adolescents from a population-based sample, all 17yr of age, underwent a clinical and radiographic dental examination. The mean±SD number of decayed surfaces (DS) was 2.0±2.2 in adolescents with ADHD and 0.9±1.4 in adolescents of the control group. Thirty-one per cent of the adolescents in the ADHD group had no new caries lesions (DS=0) compared with 62% in the control group. Six per cent of the adolescents in the ADHD group were caries free [decayed, missing or filled surfaces (DMFS)=0] compared with 29% in the control group. Adolescents with ADHD also had a higher percentage of gingival sites that exhibited bleeding on probing compared with the control group: 35±39% vs. 16±24% (mean±SD), respectively. At 17yr of age, adolescents with ADHD exhibited a statistically significantly higher prevalence of caries compared with an age-matched control group. Adolescents with ADHD need more support regarding oral hygiene and dietary habits. They should be followed up with shorter intervals between dental examinations to prevent caries progression during adulthood.
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| 10. |
- Blomqvist, My, et al.
(författare)
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How do children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder interact in a clinical dental examination? : A video analysis.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 113:3, s. 203-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the most common behavioural disorder in school-age children. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of behavioural interactions between the dentist and the child patient with ADHD. All children born in 1991(n=555) in one Swedish municipality were screened for attention and learning problems and assessed for ADHD: Twenty-two children with ADHD and a control group of 47 children without attention and learning problems were included in the study. The dental recall visit was recorded on video. The interaction between the dentist and the child was analyzed in detail and scored as verbal and nonverbal initiatives and responses. Compared to the children in the control group, the children with ADHD made significantly more initiatives, especially initiatives that did not focus on the eaxmination or the dentist. The children with ADHD had fewer verbal responses and more missing responses. In conclusion, the problems in communication resulted in less two-way communication between the dentist and the children with ADHD than the interaction between the dentist and the children in the control group. The children with ADHD had particular difficulties staying focused on the examination.
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| 11. |
- Blomqvist, My, et al.
(författare)
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Oral health, dental anxiety, and behavior management problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Science. - 0909-8836. ; 114:5, s. 385-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with ADHD have a higher caries prevalence, a higher degree of dental anxiety, or more dental behavior management problems (BMP) than children of a control group. Twenty-five children with ADHD and a control group of 58 children, all aged 11 yr, were included in the study. The children underwent a clinical dental examination, and bitewing radiographs were taken. The parents completed the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Dental records from the subjects were obtained, and data regarding notes on behavior management problems (BMP) of the children when between 3 and 10 yr of age were compiled. Compared with controls, children with ADHD had significantly higher decayed, missing or filled surfaces (DMFS) (2.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 1.0 +/- 1.5) and significantly higher decayed surfaces (DS) (1.7 +/- 3.6 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.9). Differences between the groups regarding CFSS-DS scores were non-significant. In the ADHD group, the prevalence of BMP increased when the children were between 7 and 9 yr of age. In conclusion, children with ADHD exhibited a higher caries prevalence, did not exhibit a higher degree of dental anxiety, and had more BMP than children of a control group.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ceynowa, Dylan J., et al.
(författare)
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Morning Glory Disc Anomaly in childhood - a population-based study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 93:7, s. 626-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To report prevalence, ocular characteristics and coexisting neurological, behavioural, somatic and neuroradiological abnormalities in children and adolescents with morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA).Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, 12 patients with MGDA, aged 2-20years, were identified. All 12 agreed to ophthalmological assessments including visual functions, refraction, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ocular motor score (OMS). Neurological examinations and behavioural/developmental screening were carried out. Data from previous or new neuroradiological investigations were collected.Results: The prevalence of MGDA was 2.6/100000. MGDA was unilateral in 11/12 patients with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the MGDA eye ranging from hand motion to 0.65 (median 0.06). Severe microphthalmus prevented unilaterality to be determined in one adolescent. All patients had a binocular BCVA of 0.5. OMS showed abnormalities in pupil response, vestibulo-ocular reflex, stereo visual acuity, strabismus and convergence. OCT revealed peripapillary or macular oedema in 5/8 patients and foveal aplasia in 3/8 patients. Three patients had extensive capillary hemangiomas, of which one had PHACES syndrome and one had additional cerebrovascular anomalies and corpus callosum agenesis. Neuroradiology showed craniovascular anomalies in two patients. Neurology was mostly normal. Behavioural/developmental screening showed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in one patient.Conclusions: The prevalence data, previously not reported, of morning glory disc anomaly was 2.6/100 000. Coexisting retinal peripapillary or macular oedema was common, as were cerebral abnormalities and/or cutaneous vascular malformations. The associated findings may not be discovered through routine ophthalmological examination why OCT and neuroimaging are called for.
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| 14. |
- Choi, Jaeyeong, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of binding between model protein GA-Z and human serum albumin using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and small angle X-ray scattering.
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein-based drugs often require targeted drug delivery for optimal therapy. A successful strategy to increase the circulation time of the protein in the blood is to link the therapeutic protein with an albumin-binding domain. In this work, we characterized such a protein-based drug, GA-Z. Using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle light scattering (AF4-MALS) we investigated the GA-Z monomer-dimer equilibrium as well as the molar binding ratio of GA-Z to HSA. Using small angle X-ray scattering, we studied the structure of GA-Z as well as the complex between GA-Z and HSA. The results show that GA-Z is predominantly dimeric in solution at pH 7 and that it binds to monomeric as well as dimeric HSA. Furthermore, GA-Z binds to HSA both as a monomer and a dimer, and thus, it can be expected to stay bound also upon dilution following injection in the blood stream. The results from SAXS and binding studies indicate that the GA-Z dimer is formed between two target domains (Z-domains). The results also indicate that the binding of GA-Z to HSA does not affect the ratio between HSA dimers and monomers, and that no higher order oligomers of the complex are seen other than those containing dimers of GA-Z and dimers of HSA.
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| 15. |
- Dahl, S., et al.
(författare)
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Children with optic nerve hypoplasia face a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 107:3, s. 484-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital ocular malformation that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the prevalence in unilateral disease and less severe visual impairment is unknown. We studied intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in patients with ONH. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional cohort study of 65 patients (33 female) with ONH below 20 years of age, living in Stockholm in December 2009, with data analysed in January 2016. Of these 35 were bilateral and 30 were unilateral. Neurodevelopmental disorders were diagnosed or confirmed by neurological assessments, the Five to Fifteen parent questionnaire and reviewing previous neuropsychological investigations or conducting neuropsychological tests. Results: Bilateral ONH patients had lower mean full scale intelligence quotient scores than unilateral patients (84.4 and 99.4, respectively, p = 0.049). We assessed intellectual disability in 55 eligible patients, and it was more common in patients with bilateral ONH (18 of 32, 56%) than unilateral ONH (two of 23, 9%, p < 0.001). ASDs were diagnosed in seven of 42 (17%) patients. Conclusion: Children with bilateral ONH had a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially intellectual disability. The risk was lower in unilateral ONH, but the levels of neurodevelopmental disorders warrant screening of both groups.
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| 16. |
- Dahlqvist-Edberg, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Purification of a Ca2+-activated protease from rat erythrocytes and its possible effect on pyruvate kinase in vivo
- 1981
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Enzymology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2744. ; 660:1, s. 96-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Ca2+-activated protease with [32P]phosphopyruvate kinase as substrate was purified to about 50% from rat erythrocytes. The purification involved chromatography on Sepharose/Sephadex gels, DEAE-cellulose and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. The protease required 3.3 mM Ca2+ for full activity. When pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) was purified from erythrocytes incubated with [32P]phosphate it contained 0.5 mol [32P]phosphate/mol enzyme subunit. When 3.3 mM Ca2+ were added at hemolysis this incorporation decreased. The possible importance of this Ca2+-activated protease for the regulation of pyruvate kinase in erythrocytes is discussed.
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| 17. |
- Dahlqvist-Edberg, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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The demonstration in rat liver cell sap of protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase active on fructose-bisphosphatase
- 1982
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4838 .- 1879-2588. ; 706:2, s. 239-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A protein kinase active on fructose-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) was demonstrated in rat liver cell sap. The protein kinase activity was stimulated by cyclic AMP and coincided with the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type I. In addition, three different peaks of phosphoprotein phosphatase active on [32P] phosphofructose-bisphosphatase were found on chromatography of rat liver cell sap on a DEAE-cellulose column. These phosphatases needed divalent cations for full activity. 5'-AMP, a negative modulator of fructose-bisphosphatase, had no effect on the phosphorylation-de-phosphorylation reactions of the enzyme. ATP and Ca2+ did not influence the dephosphorylation reaction of fructose-bisphosphatase.
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| 18. |
- Dahlqvist, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Endogenous substrates of protein kinase in rat liver cell sap under different dietary conditions
- 1978
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434 .- 0304-4165. ; 540:1, s. 13-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver cell sap from normally fed rats, rats fed with a high-carbohydrate diet and fasted rats was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose (pH 7.0). The chromatogram from each diet group was analyzed for pyruvate kinase activity and endogenous substrates of cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase. The materials were pooled into five phosphorylatable fractions, in each of which phosphate incorporation at 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM [32P]ATP in the presence of cyclic AMP and protein kinase was determined. For characterization of the phosphorylatable components, thin-layer gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in detergent were used for determination of native and minimal molecular weights, respectively. Except for pyruvate kinase, eight components which incorporated at least 0.05 nmol of [32P]phosphate/g of liver were detected. The phosphorylation of four of them was stimulated by cyclic AMP. Their minimal molecular weights were 42000, 21000, 52000 and 49000. The component with a minimal molecular weight of 42000 seemed to have a native molecular weight of 160000. Both the 21000 and the 52000 component had a native molecular weight of about 110000-120000. The protein with a minimal molecular weight of 49000 could not be correlated with certainty to a native molecular weight. The proteins whose phosphorylation was not stimulated by cyclic AMP had minimal molecular weights of 54000, 39000, 34000 and 22000.
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| 19. |
- de Verdier, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Study of Reading Development, Academic Achievement, and Support in Swedish Inclusive Education for Students with Blindness or Severe Visual Impairment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. - 0145-482X .- 1559-1476. ; 108:6, s. 461-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This longitudinal study examined reading development, academic achievement and support in school for six students with blindness or severe visual impairments in inclusive educational settings. Methods: School grades and results from reading observations and decoding skills tests were collected, and interviews were conducted with students, parents, and teachers. Results: The results show that the outcome of these students' schooling varied a great deal regarding both levels of academic achievement and reading development, as well as in the support needed and received. Students with additional disabilities had less positive experiences in school, and the parents of these students were more critical of the support provided by the schools. Discussion: Important aspects of the outcomes concerned the attitudes held by school management and teachers and the competence of teachers. In some cases, teachers lacked sufficient knowledge about braille and teaching methods for students with visual impairments. Implications for practitioners: The findings imply that the support system for students with visual impairments in Sweden needs to be more systematized in order to secure equal educational opportunities for all students.
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| 20. |
- de Verdier, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Blindness and Autism : Parents’ Perspectives on Diagnostic Challenges, Support Needs and Support Provision
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 50:6, s. 1921-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with or without intellectual disability (ID), is common in children with congenital blindness. This complex combination of disabilities often involves many challenges for the family. This study explored parents’ experiences of having a child with blindness and ASD (with or without ID), their support needs and experiences of the support provided. Interviews with eight parents, representing six families, were performed. The parents emphasized that assessment and diagnostic procedures must be performed by professionals with expertise in blind children’s development, and ASD. The support was often perceived as fragmented and did not correspond to the families’ needs. The results suggest that national guidelines should be produced, to ensure a more coordinated and tailored support to these families.
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| 21. |
- de Verdier, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and Successful Pedagogical Strategies : Experiences from Six Swedish Students with Blindness and Autism in Different School Settings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 48:2, s. 520-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of autism in children with blindness is much higher than in the general population. There are many challenges regarding the school situation for children with this complex dual disability. This study explored challenges and successful strategies in school for a sample of six Swedish children with blindness and autism, with and without intellectual disability, through qualitative interviews with students, teachers and parents. All students displayed executive functioning deficits, and the teaching situation entailed several challenges. Our research points to the importance of adopting evidence-based practices for ASD, but adapted according to the students lack of vision. For this to be possible, close collaboration between teachers, parents and specialists in the field of visual impairment and autism is necessary.
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| 22. |
- de Verdier, Kim, 1973-
(författare)
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Children with blindness: Developmental aspects, comorbidity and implications for education and support
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this research is to deepen the knowledge about developmental aspects, comorbidity and implications for education and support provision, regarding children with blindness. Special focus is directed towards children with blindness and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The research comprises three different projects, reported in five papers. The studies adopt different designs; one is record-based and explores clinical characteristics and etiologies of Swedish children with blindness, one has a longitudinal design with collection of qualitative as well as quantitative data, and explores the school outcome for braille reading students in inclusive education; and one has a mainly qualitative design and explores diagnostic challenges and support to children with blindness and ASD and their families. Both children’s, parents’ and teachers’ perspectives are included in the research.The results show that children with blindness are very rare; in average seven blind children per year are born in Sweden. Moreover, isolated blindness is unusual in children, and the rate of multidisability is high. The comorbidity with ASD and intellectual disability (ID) is high, especially in certain etiological groups. Competence about children with blindness is necessary in assessment and diagnostic procedures, to differentiate between effects of blindness and possible additional disabilities. The results also highlight the fact that the support provided to children with blindness, with and without additional disabilities, is perceived as insufficient and does not correspond to the complex needs of the population. Teachers need more competence in braille and teaching methods, especially regarding blindness and additional disabilities such as ASD. Parents ask for a more coordinated support with a life-long scope, provided by professionals with expertise in children with blindness.The opinions about inclusive education differ in the studies; both students, parents and teachers point to advantages as well as challenges. However, for the schools to be able provide equal educational opportunities for children with blindness in the inclusive setting, the support must be further developed and the national responsibility for unusual disability groups must be extended.
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| 23. |
- de Verdier, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Children with blindness – major causes, developmental outcomes and implications for habilitation and educational support : a two‐decade, Swedish population‐based study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420 .- 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 96:3, s. 295-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim was to describe the population of children with congenital or early infancy blindness in Sweden, with regard to causes of blindness and prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments.MethodsMedical, psychological and pedagogical records of Swedish children with congenital or early infancy blindness (total blindness or light perception at the most) born in 1988–2008 were analysed regarding year of birth, gender, cause of blindness, gestational age, associated neurological disorders/syndromes, associated neurodevelopmental impairments, cognitive level and type of school placement.ResultsA total of 150 individuals, 80 girls and 70 boys, were identified, corresponding to a prevalence of 7/100 000. Five causes of blindness dominated, constituting 76% of all represented aetiologies: retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), optic nerve atrophy (ONA) and microphthalmia/anophthalmia. Nearly three of four children in the study population had at least one additional disability besides blindness; the most common being intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). More than half of the population had more than one additional disability. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was most common in children with ONH, ROP, LCA and microphthalmia/anophthalmia.ConclusionIn children born within the last decades, isolated blindness is uncommon and the rate of multidisabilities is high. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to be more strongly associated with specific aetiological subgroups. Further development of the support to families and schools should be based on knowledge about the considerable heterogeneity of the population of children with blindness, and the common occurrence of coexisting neurodevelopmental disorders, especially ID and ASD.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Edlund, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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Amino acid sequence at the phosphorylated site of rat liver pyruvate kinase
- 1975
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 67:4, s. 1516-1521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One dominating peptic phosphopeptide, Asx-Thr-Lys-Gly-Pro-Glx-Ile-Glx-Thr-Gly-Val-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-(32P)SerP-Val-Ala-Glx-Leu, was obtained from rat liver pyruvate kinase (type L) phosphorylated by cyclic 3′,5′-AMP-stimulated protein kinase from the same tissue. The sequence around the phosphorylated serine residue is similar to that of a corresponding but smaller peptic phosphopeptide previously isolated from pig liver (type L) pyruvate kinase, Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-(32P)SerP-Leu.
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| 26. |
- Ek, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative kinetic studies on the L-type pyruvate kinase from rat liver and the enzyme phosphorylated by cyclic 3´, 5´-AMP-stimulated protein kinase
- 1976
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434. ; 429:2, s. 374-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kinetics of rat liver L-type pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), phosphorylated with cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase from the same source, and the unphosphorylated enzyme have been compared. The effects of pH and various concentrations of substrates, Mg2+, K+ and modifiers were studied. In the absence of fructose 1, 6-diphosphate at pH 7.3, the phosphorylated pyruvate kinase appeared to have a lower affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate (K0.5=0.8 mM) than the unphosphorylated enzyme (K0.5=0.3 mM). The enzyme activity vs. phosphoenolpyruvate concentration curve was more sigmoidal for the phosphorylated enzyme with a Hill coefficient of 2.6 compared to 1.6 for the unphosphorylated enzyme. Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate increased the apparent affinity of both enzyme forms for phosphoenolpyruvate. At saturating concentrations of this activator, the kinetics of both enzyme forms were transformed to approximately the same hyperbolic curve, with a Hill coefficient of 1.0 and K0.5 of about 0.04 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate. The apparent affinity of the enzyme for fructose 1, 6-diphosphate was high at 0.2 mM phosphoenolpyruvate with a K0.5=0.06 muM for the unphosphorylated pyruvate kinase and 0.13 muM for the phosphorylated enzyme. However, in the presence of 0.5 mM alanine plus 1.5 mM ATP, a higher fructose 1, 6-diphosphate concentration was needed for activation, with K0.5 of 0.4 muM for the unphosphorylated enzyme and of 1.4 muM for the phosphorylated enzyme. The results obtained strongly indicate that phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase may also inhibit the enzyme in vivo. Such an inhibition should be important during gluconeogenesis.
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| 27. |
- Ek, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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The kinetics of unphosphorylated, phosphorylated and proteolytically modified fructose bisphosphatase from rat liver
- 1981
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - 0005-2744. ; 662:2, s. 265-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylation of fructose-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from pig muscle decreased the K0.5 for fructose-bisphosphate from 21 to 11 microM. When the phosphorylated fructose-bisphosphatase was treated with trypsin the K0.5 increased to 22 microM. The K0.5 also increased when the phosphoenzyme was treated with a partially purified phosphatase from rat liver. There was no difference between the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme with respect to pH dependence, the pH optimum being about 7.0 for both. Limited treatment of fructose-bis-phosphatase with subtilisin, which cleaves the enzyme at its unphosphorylatable N-terminal part, increased the pH optimum more than limited treatment with trypsin, which releases the phosphorylated peptide at the C-terminal part of fructose-bisphosphatase. The phosphorylated site on the phosphorylated fructose-bisphosphatase was more easily split off by trypsin treatment than the corresponding unphosphorylated site. The results suggest in addition to the glucagon-induced phosphorylation of fructose-bisphosphatase described by Claus et al. [1] that the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of fructose-bisphosphatase could be of importance for the hormonal regulation of the enzyme in vivo.
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| 28. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Academic performance of adolescents with ADHD and other behavioural and learning problems : a population-based longitudinal study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:3, s. 402-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study academic performance (final grades at the age of 16 years) in individuals with i) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ii) other learning and/or behavioural problems. Methods: Of a total population of 591 children, originally assessed at the age of 10-11 years, it was possible to obtain final grades for 536 16-year-olds (in grade 9). Those fulfilling the criteria for ADHD/sub-threshold ADHD (n=39) and those with 'Behaviour and Learning Problems' (BLP group), (n=80) and a comparison group (n=417) were contrasted. Results: The ADHD and BLP groups had a significantly lower total mean grade at the age of 16 years than the comparison group. In addition, the ADHD and BLP groups also qualified for further studies in the upper secondary school to a significantly lesser extent than the controls (72%, 68% and 92%, respectively). All IQ measures (at the age of 10-11 years) were positively correlated with the overall grade after grade 9, with especially strong correlations for verbal capacity. Conclusion: ADHD and similar problems entail a risk of underachievement at school. The results indicate that pupils with ADHD underachieve in the school situation in relation to their optimal cognitive capacity. The contextual situation and the particular requirements should be considered in order for adequate educational measures to be undertaken.
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| 29. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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An audit of teenagers who had not succeeded in elementary school : a retrospective case review
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Audit. - : Dovepress. - 1179-2760. ; 4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to perform a retrospective case review of pupils who had not succeeded in elementary school, in order to analyze barriers at individual and system levels. Methods: Forty-five pupils, aged 16–20 years, who had not qualified for senior high school, were consecutively assessed within the school health unit to determine their cognitive function, school history, measures taken, previous assessments, and diagnoses given. Results: School health records revealed early problems with learning, reading, mathematics, and attention, but very few students had received an appropriate diagnosis. Our review and assessment when all the data had been compiled demonstrated that the vast majority (96%) of participants had clear developmental problems. Attention problems or full attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder dominated. About half of the students reported extensive truancy. Mean intelligence quotient in the study group was 83.9, about 1 standard deviation below the mean. Fluid intelligence was significantly superior to crystallized intelligence. Conclusion: Screening and identification are needed throughout the school years of children who present symptoms that could interfere with their academic achievement. Intervention needs to be based on skilled assessment, with consideration given to each individual's broad panorama of cognitive deficits and assets, as well as concomitant social adversities that may underlie their school failure. Since there can be a significant negative impact of limited educational opportunities on future socioeconomic outcomes, the question of who is at risk is important both for affected individuals and more generally for public health. Limitations: The study group was small and may not have been fully representative. In spite of limited confidence about generalizing from the results, the findings call for reflection.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ek, Ulla
(författare)
-
Children with visual disorders : Cognitive development, developmental disorders and consequences for treatment and counselling
- 2008
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causes of visual impairment and blindness has changed over the years, in industrialised countries, giving rise to a new population of visually impaired children. Damages to the posteriorvisual pathway and the brain are now common causes of visual impairment. In this thesis this changed panorama was explored and cognitive and behavioural outcome in children with ocular vs. cerebral visual impairment was examined in various studies. More cognitive deficits and developmental disorders, such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and complex visual perceptual and visual cognitive disorders were found in children with cerebral visual impairment or combinations of ocular and cerebral causes of visual impairment. Children born preterm, now form a considerable part of the population of visually impaired children and are at risk for such disorders. Children born at term with visual impairment due to causes in the anterior parts of the visual system have an entirely different developmental outcome. Psychological assessment methods, early intervention and counselling should be adapted to correspond with this changing population of visually impaired children.
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| 32. |
- Ek, Ulla, 1948-
(författare)
-
Children with visual disorders : cognitive development, developmental disorders and consequences for treatment and counselling
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The causes of visual impairment and blindness has changed over the years, in Sweden and in other industrialised countries, giving rise to a new population of visually impaired children. Damages to the posterior visual pathway and the brain are now common causes of visual impairment. In contrast, purely ocular diseases or conditions are increasingly rare. In this thesis this changed panorama was explored and cognitive and behavioural outcome in children with ocular vs. cerebral visual impairment was examined in various studies. More cognitive deficits and developmental disorders, such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and complex visual perceptual and visual cognitive disorders were found in children with cerebral visual impairment or combinations of ocular and cerebral causes of visual impairment. Children born preterm, now form a considerable part of the population of visually impaired children and are at risk for such disorders. In contrast, children born at term with visual impairment due to causes in the anterior parts of the visual system have an entirely different developmental outcome. Psychological assessment methods, early intervention, counselling of parents and teachers and the education of visually impaired children in mainstream classes should be adapted to correspond with this changing population of visually impaired children.
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| 33. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and behavioural characteristics in blind children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 94:10, s. 1421-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe cognitive and behavioural characteristics in a group of blind children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Methods: Data from records, parents, teachers, and repeated developmental assessments of 13 blind children with ONH born in 1988–1998 were analysed. All children had neuroimaging and/or hormonal evidence of midline malformations. They were all blind and able to communicate with speech. Results: Severe mood swings and temper tantrums were common, especially during the first years of life. Later in life, sluggish tempo, low frustration tolerance and a narrow range of interests were common. Autism had been diagnosed in 6/13 children, autistic-like condition (ALC) was found in another three. The behaviour of the remaining four children was not within the autism spectrum. Eight children had cognitive capacities within the normal or near-normal range; five had mental retardation. Autism/ALC was found in all cognitive subgroups. All children exhibited fluent speech and, of these, 12 had started to talk at the expected age, but had clear deficiencies in communicative ability. Conclusion: These children had a common pattern of behavioural characteristics including autism spectrum disorders independent of intellectual capacities.
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| 34. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive strengths and deficits in schoolchildren with ADHD.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:5, s. 756-761
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies provide detailed analyses of the various aspects of the entire cognitive profile of children with ADHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cognitive test data were analysed for 10- to 11-year-old children with (1) ADHD, (2) subthreshold ADHD and (3) milder attention and/or learning problems, and compared with normative data. RESULTS: Thirty-two had ADHD and 10 met the criteria for subthreshold ADHD, prevalence rates of 5.4% and 1.6%, respectively. On a group level, children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD, and those with milder attention and/or learning problems had almost identical cognitive profiles for the 13 subtests comprising the WISC III, with particularly low results on the arithmetic, coding, information and digit span subtests (ACID profile). When analyzed individually, a complete or incomplete ACID profile (three of four subtests) was equally common in children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD and in children with milder problems, found in about 1/5. The relative strengths of both groups were in areas demanding logical thinking, reasoning and common sense. CONCLUSION: The specific ACID profile is as common in children with ADHD as in those with minor attention and/or learning problems. The cognitive weaknesses reflected in the ACID profile might play a role as an underlying factor in various developmental disorders.
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| 35. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Etik och juridik
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Psykolog i skolan. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144054452 ; , s. 35-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kapitlet handlar om etiska och juridiska aspekter avseende skolpsykologer.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
General versus executive cognitive ability in pupils with ADHD and with milder attention problems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1176-6328 .- 1178-2021. ; 9, s. 163-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to analyze two main types of cognitive domains in school children with different types and severities of attention-related problems. The cognitive domains examined were general cognitive ability and executive abilities. Methods: Three different clinical samples of pupils with school problems were analyzed to assess their cognitive Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children profiles. In particular, the general cognitive ability index and the executive markers (ie, verbal memory index and processing speed index) were of interest. Of the total sample (n = 198), two main groups were contrasted; one met the full criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/subthreshold ADHD, and one was comprised of those with milder attention problems, insufficient to meet the criteria for ADHD/subthreshold ADHD. Results: It could be demonstrated that both groups had a significantly higher score on the general cognitive ability index than on measures of working memory and processing speed. This difference was more pronounced for boys. Conclusion: These types of cognitive differences need to be considered in children with different kinds of learning, behavior, and attention problems; this is also true for children presenting with an average general intelligence quotient and with milder attention problems. Current educational expectations are demanding for children with mild difficulties, and such cognitive information will add to the understanding of the child's learning problems, hopefully leading to a better adapted education than that conventionally available.
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| 38. |
- Ek, Ulla
(författare)
-
"Om någon ändå märkt hur jag hade det..."
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Psykisk Hälsa. - : Svenska föreningen för psykisk hälsa. - 0033-3212. ; :3-4, s. 65-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenska föreningen för psykisk hälsa ägnar nr 3-4 åt barns villkor i Sverige. Det är 20 år sedan FN antog barnkonventionen. Ett antal personer har inbjudits att ge sin syn på: att som barn växa upp i Sverige idag, begreppet barnperspektivet och vilka förslag som finns för att förbättra den rådande situationen.
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| 39. |
- Ek, Ulla, 1948-
(författare)
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Psykologiska bedömningar
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Barn med funktionsnedsättning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144071879 ; , s. 319-325
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity and autistic spectrum disorders: a population-based study.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 40:5, s. 297-301
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)--who are at greatly increased risk of cerebral damage--have been noted to have a high rate of autistic symptoms, but systematic controlled studies have been lacking. A controlled population-based study was performed; one group was blind due to ROP (N=27) and the other was congenitally blind due to hereditary retinal disease (N=14). Fifteen of the 27 children with ROP had autistic disorder. All these children were mentally retarded and about one-third of them had cerebral palsy. In the comparison group, two of the 14 children had autistic disorder. It is concluded that there is a strong association between ROP and autistic disorder. The association is most probably mediated by brain damage and is largely independent of the blindness per se.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Rätt & Vett
- 2007
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-esteem in children with attention and/or learning deficits : the importance of gender
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:8, s. 1125-1130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Our objective was to analyze self-esteem in children within a spectrum of attention disorders, that is, besides attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also children with subthreshold ADHD and even milder attention deficits and/or learning problems.Methods: From a population-based group of 10–11-year-old children in a Swedish municipality those with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD (n = 30) and those with milder attention and/or learning problems (n = 64) were targeted for the study. The children completed the 'I think I am' scale, reflecting physical appearance, scholastic competence, mental well-being, relationships to parents and to others and global self-esteem. Data from boys and girls were compared and related to the parents' and teachers' ratings on the two dimensions of the Conners' 10-item questionnaire (impulsive-restless behaviour and emotional lability) and to the children's cognitive levels.Results: Significant gender differences were found, girls reporting lower self-esteem concerning mental well-being and poorer relationships with parents and peers. However, children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD did not report significantly lower global self-esteem when compared to a reference population.Conclusion: Self-esteem in children with attention, behaviour and/or learning problems has to be carefully evaluated, especially in girls, and measures are needed to prevent a trajectory towards adolescent psychopathology.
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| 44. |
- Ek, Ulla, 1948-
(författare)
-
Specialpedagogik – en framtidsvy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Barn med funktionshinder. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144071879 ; , s. 327-333
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
|
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| 46. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Synutbildning vid Stockholms universitet
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nya Synvärlden. - 1401-4742. ; :4, s. 6-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln diskuterar den roll som Stockholms universitet har för att genomföra utbildningar inom synområdet i Sverige.
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| 47. |
- Ek, Ulla, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Teenage outcomes after speech and language impairment at preschool age
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1176-6328 .- 1178-2021. ; 8, s. 221-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Ten years ago, we published developmental data on a representative group of children (n = 25) with moderate or severe speech and language impairment, who were attending special preschools for children. The aim of this study was to perform a follow-up of these children as teenagers. Methods: Parents of 23 teenagers participated in a clinical interview that requested information on the child's current academic achievement, type of school, previous clinical assessments, and developmental diagnoses. Fifteen children participated in a speech and language evaluation, and 13 participated in a psychological evaluation. Results: Seven of the 23 teenagers had a mild intellectual disability, and another three had borderline intellectual functioning. Nine had symptoms of disorders on the autism spectrum; five of these had an autism spectrum disorder, and four had clear autistic traits. Six met criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/subthreshold ADHD. Thirteen of 15 teenagers had a moderate or severe language impairment, and 13 of 15 had a moderate or severe reading impairment. Overlapping disorders were frequent. None of the individuals who underwent the clinical evaluation were free from developmental problems. Conclusion: A large number of children with speech and language impairment at preschool age had persistent language problems and/or met the criteria for developmental diagnoses other than speech and language impairment at their follow-up as teenagers. Language impairment in young children is a marker for several developmental disorders, particularly intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Fahnehjelm, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Optic nerve hypoplasia in children and adolescents; prevalence, ocular characteristics and behavioural problems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 92:6, s. 563-570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To report prevalence, ocular characteristics and coexisting behavioural problems in children and adolescents with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is a common cause of visual impairment in children in western countries, often associated with neurological or endocrinological problems and where autism has been reported in severe cases with blindness. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study of patients <20 years of age who had been diagnosed with ONH and lived in the county of Stockholm in December 2009. Ophthalmological assessments including fundus photographs with optic disc analyses were made. A questionnaire was used to screen for behaviour and development. Results: The prevalence of ONH in all living children <18 years of age in Stockholm was 17.3/100 000 with a prevalence of visual impairment (<0.3) of 3.9/100 000. In total, 66 patients, median age 9.3 years (0.6-19.4), 36 with bilateral and 30 with unilateral ONH, were included in the current study; 53 were re-examined clinically, group A, and 13 agreed to retrospective analyses of existing medical records, group B. Analyses of the optic discs were made in fundus photographs from 53 patients comparing a semi-automated (Retinal Size Tool) and a manual method (Zeki). There was a strong curvilinear correlation (rS = -0.91 p < 0.0001 for both eyes). Behavioural problems were more common (p < 0.05) in bilateral ONH. Conclusion: Opticnerve hypoplasia is a common ocular malformation with a prevalence of 17.3/100 000 children and adolescents <18 years of age in Stockholm. Unilateral ONH seems as common as bilateral.
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| 50. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Borderline intellectual functioning in children and adolescents - insufficiently recognized difficulties
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 99:5, s. 748-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To draw attention to groups of children and adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning, especially with respect to their school-situation. Methods: In one study, population-based, children with borderline intellectual functioning at age 10 years were followed until they finished compulsory school when their final certificates could be analysed. In a second study parents of 20 individuals in the upper secondary school for pupils with mild mental retardation were interviewed according to the Vineland adaptive scales and school health records were reviewed. In a third study pupils attending an individual programme in upper secondary school were assessed and we report one representative case. Results: (1) Pupils with borderline intellectual functioning, assessed in grade 4, received significantly lower grades when finishing the compulsory school. (2) In the group of pupils in the upper secondary school for the mildly mentally retarded, compiled data indicated that a considerable number did not fulfil the combined IQ and adaptive criteria for mild mental retardation. (3) The subtle nature of borderline intellectual functioning may delay appropriate measures at school, which our case illustrates. Conclusion: Borderline intellectual functioning seldom attracts attention. Our studies indicate that school and also society at large must be prepared to adapt educational and working conditions for the large minority of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning.
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