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Sökning: WFRF:(Ekberg Thomas)

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1.
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2.
  • Mandl, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Dysphagia in systemic diseases
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Dysphagia : Diagnosis and treament - Diagnosis and treament. - 9783642178863 ; , s. 155-164
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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3.
  • Mäkitie, Antti A., et al. (författare)
  • Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Nordic Countries : Current Status and Perspectives
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2234-943X. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The five Nordic countries with a population of 27 M people form a rather homogenous region in terms of health care. The management of head and neck cancer is centralized to the 21 university hospitals in these countries. Our aim was to gain an overview of the volume and role of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and to evaluate the need to centralize it in this area as the field is rapidly developing.Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent to all 10 Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in the Nordic countries having an active programme for TORS in December 2017.Results: The total cumulative number of performed robotic surgeries at these 10 Nordic centers was 528 and varied between 5 and 240 per center. The median annual number of robotic surgeries was 38 (range, 5-60). The observed number of annually operated cases remained fairly low (<25) at most of the centers.Conclusions: The present results showing a limited volume of performed surgeries call for considerations to further centralize TORS in the Nordic countries.
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4.
  • Vieceli, Nathalia Cristine, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Solvent extraction of cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries: Dynamic optimization of the number of extraction stages using factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3794 .- 1383-5866. ; 307
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The optimization of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) recycling is crucial not only from a waste management perspective but also to decrease the dependence on imports of critical raw materials. In addition, the diversification of the recycling technologies is very important for better flexibility of the market. This study aims at investigating the recovery of Co from spent LiBs using solvent extraction from a real chloride-based solution obtained after the removal of Mn, which is very rarely reported. Cyanex 272 was used as the extractant and the effect of several variables on the extraction efficiency was considered to model and optimize the separation of Co and Ni. The number of extraction stages directly affects not only the process efficiency but also its cost. Thus, in this work, a novel approach was developed to assist in the selection of the number of extraction stages using a dynamic method based on the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology combined with the Kremseŕs Equation. This method can assist the process design, decrease the overall cost of the operation, and optimize the separation of Co and Ni in a reduced number of extraction stages. The concentration of Co and Ni in the feed solutions is ∼ 8.3 g/L and 1.9 g/L, respectively. Based on the results, 98% extraction efficiency for Co can be achieved in 1 to 2 extraction stages with low co-extraction of Ni (<5%) when using 0.6–0.8 M Cyanex 272, O:A ratio below 1 and pH ∼ 5, but several combinations of conditions could provide similar results.
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5.
  • Anund Vogel, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Buildings post corona
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The REHVA European HVAC Journal. - 1307-3729. ; 59:2, s. 19-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Buildings Post Corona is a Swedish collaborative research project between Chalmers, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Lund, and Umeå Universities. The project supports the building sector in designing and maintaining sustainable buildings with a healthy and good indoor environment. The COVID-19 crisis has stressed the importance and urge of this research.The scope of the project is to develop a methodology for the operation and design of buildings with an indoor environment that meets future health and climate challenges. The project’s overall goal is to establish an interdisciplinary platform to document existing experiences and knowledge and to gain new knowledge required for good building design and operation.
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6.
  • Anund Vogel, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Enbart avstånd och handhygien räcker inte
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Fastighetstidningen. - 0348-5552.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • I denna debattartikel lyfter sex forskare frågan att myndigheter och branschorganisationer delvis gav olika råd kring åtgärder för att begränsa risken för smittspridning inomhus. För att klara nästa pandemi krävs bättre samordning av riktlinjer kring ventilation och luftkvalitet.
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7.
  • Axelsson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish National Multicenter Study on Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary: Prognostic Factors and Impact of Treatment on Survival
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1809-9777 .- 1809-4864. ; 25:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is a rare condition whose prognostic factors that are significant for survival vary between studies. No randomized treatment study has been performed thus far, and the optimal treatment is not established. Objective The present study aimed to explore various prognostic factors and compare the two main treatments for HNCUP: neck dissection and (chemo) radiation vs primary (chemo) radiation. Methods A national multicenter study was performed with data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) and from the patients' medical records from 2008 to 2012. Results Two-hundred and sixty HNCUP patients were included. The tumors were HPVpositive in 80%. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients treated with curative intent was 71%. Age (p < 0.001), performance status (p = 0.036), and N stage (p = 0.046) were significant factors for overall survival according to the multivariable analysis. Treatment with neck dissection and (chemo) radiation (122 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 73%, and treatment with primary (chemo) radiation (87 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 71%, with no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival between the 2 groups. Conclusions Age, performance status, and N stage were significant prognostic factors. Treatment with neck dissection and ( chemo) radiation and primary (chemo)
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9.
  • Bondemark, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Funktionsstörningar och smärta
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 100:9-10, s. 64-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Orofaciala funktionsstörningar och smärta är en sammanfattning av kliniska problem och sjukdomar som involverar bett, käkar, tuggmuskulatur, käkleder och omgivande strukturer. Orsakerna är oftast multifaktoriella för de barn, ungdomar och vuxna som drabbas.
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10.
  • Bruun, Laila, et al. (författare)
  • Rapid elimination by glomerular filtration of free prostate specific antigen and human kallikrein 2 after renal transplantation.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 171:4, s. 1432-1435
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The low molecular mass and short half-life of free (f) prostate specific antigen (PSA) implies elimination from blood by glomerular filtration. In addition, patients with terminal renal failure have increased fPSA in serum but there have been sparse data reported on the rates and pathways of elimination of PSA complexes and human kallikrein 2 (hK2). We studied glomerular filtration dependent elimination of fPSA and hK2 in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing successful renal transplantation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 14 patients with immediate onset of renal function after renal transplantation. Blood samples were obtained before and at regular intervals up to 160 hours after transplanted kidney reperfusion. Measurements of fPSA, total PSA and hK2 were performed with immunofluorometric assays and complexed PSA was determined by a chemiluminiscence assay. Glomerular filtration rates were monitored by analyzing serum creatinine and cystatin C. NONMEM, a multivariate pharmacokinetic approach, was used to determine the elimination rates of fPSA and hK2 after renal transplantation.RESULTS: Serum fPSA and hK2 but not PSA complexes, decreased rapidly after renal transplantation. Significant reductions in fPSA and hK2 were observed after only 16 and 8 hours, respectively. fPSA and hK2 showed similar elimination patterns, decreasing to 42% and 44% of their original levels compared to cystatin C, which was at 44% after 160 hours. The median half-lives of fPSA and hK2 were 17.4 and 11.5 hours, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: These results verify the hypothesis that fPSA and hK2 are eliminated from the blood circulation by glomerular filtration and severe renal failure influences the levels of the 2 proteins in serum.
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11.
  • Cippà, Pietro E, et al. (författare)
  • Risk Stratification for Rejection and Infection after Kidney Transplantation.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - 1555-905X. ; 10:12, s. 2213-2220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Definition of individual risk profile is the first step to implement strategies to keep the delicate balance between under- and overimmunosuppression after kidney transplantation.
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12.
  • Coelho, Ruben, et al. (författare)
  • Reconstruction of late esophagus perforation after anterior cervical spine fusion with an adipofascial anterolateral thigh free flap : A case report.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Microsurgery. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0738-1085 .- 1098-2752. ; 37:6, s. 684-688
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reconstruction of late esophageal perforation usually requires flap surgery to achieve wound healing. However, restoring the continuity between the digestive tract and retropharyngeal space to allow for normal swallowing remains a technical challenge. In this report, we describe the use of a thin and pliable free adipofascial anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in a 47-year-old tetraplegic man with a history of C5-C6 fracture presented with a large posterior esophagus wall perforation allowing an easier flap insetting for a successful wound closure. The postoperative course was uneventful and mucosalization of the flap was confirmed by esophagoscopy 4 weeks postsurgery. The patient tolerated normal diet and maintained normal swallowing during a follow-up of 3 years postoperatively. The adipofascial ALT flap may provide easier insetting due to the thin and pliable layer of adipofascial tissue for reconstructing large defects of the posterior wall of the esophagus by filling the retroesophageal space.
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13.
  • Corbascio, Matthias, et al. (författare)
  • Anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 monoclonal antibody inhibits CD40 ligand-independent immune responses and prevents chronic vasculopathy in CD40 ligand-deficient mice.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Transplantation. - 1534-6080. ; 74:1, s. 35-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Blockade of CD40 ligand (CD40L; CD154, gp39) is a potential treatment for autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. However, CD40L-/- mice are capable of mobilizing cellular immune responses to viral, parasitic, and intracellular bacterial infections as well as rejecting skin grafts with nearly the same efficiency as wild-type mice. CD40L-deficient mice (CD40L-/-) or wild-type mice treated with anti-CD40L develop chronic vasculopathy only 8 weeks after allogeneic heart transplantation. To overcome CD40L-independent immune responses, we used anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen monoclonal antibody (LFA)-1, which has previously been shown to inhibit CD8+ immune responses. METHODS: We conducted mixed lymphocyte reactions, cytotoxicity assays, skin transplantation, and vascularized heterotopic heart transplantation in wild-type B6 and CD40L-deficient mice in the presence and absence of anti-LFA-1 to study the effects of anti-LFA-1 in the absence of CD40L signaling. RESULTS: Anti-LFA-1 inhibited proliferation of naïve CD40L-/- mixed leukocyte reactions and the lysis of donor targets by CD40L-/- cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Anti-LFA-1-treated CD40L-/- mice that received fully MHC-mismatched skin grafts showed significant prolongation of graft survival, with a median survival time of 55 days (mean 66 days) compared with 13 and 21 days in wild-type and CD40L-/- controls, respectively. CD40L-/- mice that received fully MHC-mismatched vascularized heart transplants treated with four doses of 200 microg of anti-LFA-1 at the time of transplantation did not develop any signs of chronic vasculopathy 150 days after transplantation. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that anti-LFA-1 can complement CD40L inhibition in the prevention of undesirable immune responses.
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14.
  • Corbascio, Matthias, et al. (författare)
  • CTLA4Ig combined with anti-LFA-1 prolongs cardiac allograft survival indefinitely.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Transplant Immunology. - 1878-5492. ; 10:1, s. 55-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • CTLA4Ig and anti-LFA-1 are members of a new generation of immunomodulatory drugs which inhibit important signaling pathways in T cell activation. Both substances target molecules which have pivitol functions in the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and have been theorized to have an interdependent relationship. These drugs have been used independently in various treatment regimens and have shown great promise in prolonging the survival of allografts. In order to test whether these substances have synergistic or potentiating effects when combined, we performed mixed lymphocyte reactions, skin transplantation and vascularised heterotopic heart transplantation in the Balb/c (H-2(d)) to C3H/HeJ (H-2(k)) strain combination. When anti-LFA-1 and CTLA4Ig were combined at low doses, there was a substantial inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. When each drug was used as a mono-therapy in skin graft recipients, there was no significant effect on median graft survival (anti-LFA-1, 15 days; CTLA4Ig, 16 days) when compared to untreated controls (13 days), whereas a combination of anti-LFA-1 and CTLA4Ig extended graft survival significantly to 32 days. Untreated vascularised heart grafts rejected at a median of 8 days, CTLA4Ig-treated mice rejected at a median time of 79 days and anti-LFA-1-treated mice rejected at 43 days (n = 9). When CTLA4Ig and anti-LFA-1 were combined, all animals had functioning heart grafts at 100 days after transplantation. Histological analysis of combined-therapy hearts showed no signs or only minor changes associated with chronic rejection. In conclusion, these results indicate a synergistic effect of combining anti-LFA-1 with CTLA4Ig in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and prolonging the survival of fully MHC-mismatched allografts.
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15.
  • Davidson, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • The costs of human uterus transplantation: a study based on the nine cases of the initial Swedish live donor trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 36:2, s. 358-366
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • STUDY QUESTION: What are the costs of live donor uterus transplantation in a European setting? SUMMARY ANSWER: The total costs for preoperative investigations, including IVF, and live donor uterus transplantation including postoperative costs for 2 months, were calculated to be (sic) 74 564 (mean), with the costs of recipient being somewhat higher than for donor and the cost components of total costs distributed between sick leave (25.7%), postoperative hospitalization (17.8%), surgery (17.1%), preoperative investigations (15.7%), anaesthesia (9.7%), drugs (7.8%), tests after surgery (4.0%) and for re-hospitalization (2.2%). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Uterus transplantation has proved to be successful by demonstrations of live births, both after live donor and deceased donor procedures. The transplantation is considered as a complex and expensive infertility treatment. There exist no analyses of costs involved in uterus transplantation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This prospective cohort study included nine uterus transplantations procedures, performed in Sweden in 2013. Study duration of this health economic study included 6-12 months of pre-transplantation investigations and the time interval from transplantation to 2 months after. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Nine triads of uterus recipient, partner of recipient and uterus donor participated. All prospective recipients were in stable relationships and performed IVF with their partners before transplantation. The nine donors were relatives or family friends. The recipients and donors underwent pre-transplantation investigations with imaging, laboratory tests and psychological/medical screening prior to transplantation. Transplantation was by laparotomy in both donor and recipient. Standard immunosuppression and postoperative medication were used. After discharge from the hospital, the recipients were followed frequently with laboratory tests and examinations. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The mean costs for preoperative investigations, including IVF, and live donor uterus transplantation with postoperative costs for 2 months, were calculated to be (sic)74 564 (range (sic) 50 960-(sic)99 658), from a societal perspective. The four largest components were cost of sick leave (sic) 19 164), cost of postoperative hospitalization (sic)13 246), surgery cost (sic)12 779) and costs for preoperative investigations, including IVF (sic) 11 739). Smaller components were costs for anaesthesia (sic) 7207), costs for drugs (sic) 5821), costs for post-surgical tests (sic) 2985) and costs for re-hospitalization (sic)1623). The costs of the recipient (sic) 42 984) were somewhat higher than the costs of the donor (sic) 31 580), but in terms of costs, they should be viewed as one entity. By using a health care perspective, excluding cost for productivity loss, the total costs would be reduced by 26%. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: A limitation is the restricted sample size and that this is in the experimental, clinical stage of development. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The results provide the first information concerning the costs for pre-transplantation investigations and uterus transplantation procedures with postoperative follow-up. We consider the total estimate to be in the higher interval, because of the extensive research protocol. It is likely that the cost of live donor uterus transplantation will vary between countries and that the costs will be lower in a future clinical setting.
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17.
  • Ekberg, Anders, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying the root causes of damage on the wheels of heavy haul locomotives and its mitigation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 228:6, s. 663-672
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper illustrates how damage patterns in the form of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on wheels, can be employed to identify and improve underlying operational conditions. The focus is on RCF of locomotive wheels operating on the Iron Ore Line in northern Sweden and Norway. Seasonal changes and damage patterns are charted. Potential root causes for observed damage patterns are identified and investigated. Mitigating actions are proposed and the efficiency of implemented actions is quantified.
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18.
  • Ekberg, Anders, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying the root causes of damage on the wheels of heavy haul wheel damage phenomena
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Heavy Haul Conference (IHHA 2013), February 4–6, New Dehli, India. ; , s. 520-526
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper illustrates how damage patterns, in particular in the form of rolling contact fatigue (RCF), can be employed to identify underlying operational conditions. In particular the focus is on RCF of wheel occurring at the Iron Ore line in north Sweden and Norway. The paper charts seasonal changes and damage patterns, and potential root causes are identified and investigated. Finally mitigating actions are proposed.
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19.
  • Ekberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Isoprene emission from Sphagnum species occupying different growth positions above the water table
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Boreal Environment Research: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. - 1239-6095. ; 16:1, s. 47-59
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Isoprene emission from Sphagnum species naturally growing at different positions above the water table were measured in a subarctic peatland and at monoliths from a temperate bog. Our objectives were to investigate (1) whether emission rates were species and/or moisture dependent, and (2) whether short-term temperature history had an influence on emission capacity. We expected greater emission capacities in moist than dry growing conditions, and from species adapted to wet habitats. We also expected that higher emission capacities would be found in response to elevated temperatures. Average peak growing season isoprene emission capacities (standardized to 20 degrees C and PAR 1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) at the subarctic site were 106 and 74 mu g C m(-2) h(-1) from a S. balticum wet lawn and a S. balticum dry hummock/palsa, respectively. Emission capacities correlated strongly with gross primary productivity (GPP) and the average air temperature of the 48 hours prior to measurement (T-48), but the effect of T-48 seemed to be partly masked by the influence of GPP when moisture was not limiting. The laboratory experiments suggested that a typical hummock species, S. rubellum had higher capacity for isoprene emission than a typical lawn species S. magellanicum. Instantaneous emission rates increased with temperature, but no effect of temperature history was discernible. Sphagnum mosses are known to emit substantial amounts of isoprene, but in this study we also showed significant inter-species differences in emission capacity. The results imply that climate change induced alterations of peatland hydrology may change the total ecosystem isoprene source strength, as individual species adapt to new growth conditions or as a consequence of species succession.
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20.
  • Ekberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Isoprene emission from wetland sedges
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - 1726-4189. ; 6:4, s. 601-613
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High latitude wetlands play an important role for the surface-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), but fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in these ecosystems have to date not been extensively studied. This is despite BVOC representing a measurable proportion of the total gaseous C fluxes at northern locations and in the face of the high temperature sensitivity of these systems that requires a much improved process understanding to interpret and project possible changes in response to climate warming. We measured emission of isoprene and photosynthetic gas exchange over two growing seasons (2005-2006) in a subarctic wetland in northern Sweden with the objective to identify the physiological and environmental controls of these fluxes on the leaf scale. The sedge species Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rostrata were both emitters of isoprene. Springtime emissions were first detected after an accumulated diurnal mean temperature above 0 degrees C of about 100 degree days. Maximum measured growing season standardized (basal) emission rates (20 degrees C, 1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) were 1075 (2005) and 1118 (2006) mu g Cm-2 (leaf area) h(-1) in E. angustifolium, and 489 (2005) and 396 (2006) mu g Cm(-2)h(-1) in C. rostrata. Over the growing season, basal isoprene emission varied in response to the temperature history of the last 48 h. Seasonal basal isoprene emission rates decreased with leaf nitrogen (N), which may be explained by the typical growth and resource allocation pattern of clonal sedges as the leaves age. The observations were used to model emissions over the growing season, accounting for effects of temperature history, links to leaf assimilation rate and the light and temperature dependencies of the cold-adapted sedges.
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22.
  • Ekberg, Ewacarin, et al. (författare)
  • Can MRI Observations Predict Treatment Outcome of Lavage in Patients with Painful TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction?
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research. - : Kaunas University of Medicine. - 2029-283X. ; 30:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with painful disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint to determine whether the findings were able to predict treatment outcome of lavage and a control group treated with local anaesthesia without lavage in a short-term: 3-month perspective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral magnetic resonance images were taken of 37 patients with the clinical diagnosis of painful disc displacement without reduction. Twenty-three patients received unilateral extra-articular local anaesthetics and 14 unilateral lavage and extra-articular local anaesthetics. The primary treatment outcome defining success was reduction in pain intensity of at least 30% during jaw movement at the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Bilateral disc displacement was found in 30 patients. In 31 patients the disc on the treated side was deformed, and bilaterally in 19 patients. Osteoarthritis was observed in 28 patients, and 13 patients had bilateral changes. Thirty patients responded to treatment and 7 did not, with no difference between the two treated groups. In neither the treated nor the contralateral temporomandibular joint did treatment outcome depend on disc diagnosis, disc shape, joint effusion, or osseous diagnoses. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of disc position, disc shape, joint effusion or osseous diagnosis on the treated or contralateral side did not give information of treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging findings could not predict treatment outcome in patients treated with either local anaesthetics or local anaesthetics and lavage.
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23.
  • Ekberg, EwaCarin, et al. (författare)
  • Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders - INfORM recommendations : Comprehensive and short-form adaptations for adolescents.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842. ; 50:11, s. 1167-1180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for use in adults is in use worldwide. Until now, no version of this instrument for use in adolescents has been proposed.OBJECTIVE: To present comprehensive and short-form adaptations of the adult version of DC/TMD that are appropriate for use with adolescents in clinical and research settings.METHODS: International experts in TMDs and experts in pain psychology participated in a Delphi process to identify ways of adapting the DC/TMD protocol for physical and psychosocial assessment of adolescents.RESULTS: The proposed adaptation defines adolescence as ages 10-19 years. Changes in the physical diagnosis (Axis I) include (i) adapting the language of the Demographics and the Symptom Questionnaires to be developmentally appropriate for adolescents, (ii) adding two general health questionnaires, one for the adolescent patient and one for their caregivers, and (iii) replacing the TMD Pain Screener with the 3Q/TMD questionnaire. Changes in the psychosocial assessment (Axis II) include (i) adapting the language of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale to be developmentally appropriate for adolescents, (ii) adding anxiety and depression assessment that have been validated for adolescents, and (iii) adding three constructs (stress, catastrophizing and sleep disorders) to assess psychosocial functioning in adolescents.CONCLUSION: The recommended DC/TMD, including Axis I and Axis II for adolescents, is appropriate to use in clinical and research settings. This adapted first version for adolescents includes changes in Axis I and Axis II requiring reliability and validity testing in international settings. Official translations of the comprehensive and short-form to different languages according to INfORM requirements will enable a worldwide dissemination and implementation.
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24.
  • Ekberg, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • The challenge of achieving target drug concentrations in clinical trials: experience from the Symphony study.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Transplantation. - 1534-6080. ; 87:9, s. 1360-1366
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Symphony study compared four immunosuppressant regimens, defined by protocol-specified target drug concentrations. This subanalysis examines actual drug levels and the implications on the interpretation of results. METHODS: De novo renal transplant patients (n=1645) were randomized to receive mycophenolate mofetil (2 g/day) and corticosteroids in combination with standard-dose cyclosporine A (CsA; 150-300 ng/mL for 3 months then 100-200 ng/mL), or daclizumab induction and low-dose CsA (50-100 ng/mL), low-dose tacrolimus (Tac; 3-7 ng/mL), or low-dose sirolimus (SRL; 4-8 ng/mL). RESULTS: Low-dose Tac was significantly superior for renal function, acute rejection, and graft survival at 12 months. Median trough levels of CsA, Tac, or SRL were toward the high end of target ranges in all groups, and 50% to 60% were within target. During weeks 1 to 8, only 6.5% to 11.0% of patients were consistently within target. At week 8, the range of concentrations encompassing 75% of patients on standard-dose CsA was 141 to 321 ng/mL; for low-dose CsA, 62 to 159 ng/mL; for low-dose Tac, 4.3 to 10.0 ng/mL, and for low-dose SRL, 4.4 to 11.2 ng/mL. The protocol-defined target levels were approximately, but not fully achieved. CONCLUSIONS: To replicate the Symphony study results in clinical practice, the protocol-defined drug concentration targets should be aimed for, but the concentrations actually achieved may be regarded as acceptable. Future clinical studies should include measures of how well target drug levels were achieved to better guide further attempts to develop new regimens designed to reduce or eliminate calcineurin inhibitors.
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25.
  • Ekberg, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Immigrants in the Old-Age Pension System : The Case of Sweden
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International migration (Geneva. Print). - : Wiley. - 0020-7985 .- 1468-2435. ; 54:5, s. 5-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The article investigates incomes and especially state pensions 2008 among elderly immigrants who arrived in Sweden before 1970. At age 70 and above, the level of state old-age pension for immigrant men was nearly the same and for immigrant women somewhat higher than for natives with similar characteristics. At age 65-66 the state pension was lower for immigrants than for their native counterparts. The differences in pensions for immigrants of different ages are probably due to changed rules in the Swedish state old-age pension system from 2003. The new rules have hit different age groups in different ways. The gaps are partially levelled out when other incomes are included. The extent to which levelling occurs varies greatly between different immigrant groups. For immigrants who have arrived during the last decades, the future state old-age pension outcomes are expected to be worse.
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26.
  • Ekberg, Lars, 1962, et al. (författare)
  • Buildings Post Corona
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The REHVA European HVAC Journal. - 1307-3729. ; 59:2, s. 19-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Buildings Post Corona is a Swedish collaborative research project between Chalmers, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Lund, and Umeå Universities. The project supports the building sector in designing and maintaining sustainable buildings with a healthy and good indoor environment. The COVID-19 crisis has stressed the importance and urge of this research, which is financially supported by FORMAS (a governmental research council for sustainable development https://formas.se)
  •  
27.
  • Ekberg, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Covid 19 guidance for the Swedish construction and real estate sectors : results from a survey study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The REHVA European HVAC Journal. - 1307-3729. ; 60:2, s. 18-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Buildings Post Corona is a Swedish collaborative research project between Chalmers, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Lund, and Umeå Universities. The project intends to provide knowledge related to designing, maintaining and operating sustainable buildings with a healthy and good indoor environment.The project aims to contribute to the knowledge and processes needed for the construction and real-estate sectors to meet the needs of the post-pandemic era.In this article, the authors describe the approach in the study and its results.
  •  
28.
  • Ekberg, Olle, et al. (författare)
  • Dysphagia secondary to systemic diseases
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Principles of Deglutition : A multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders - A multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders. - 9781461437932 ; , s. 485-492
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
29.
  • Ekberg, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4 in metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and base of tongue
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 26:5, s. 1177-85
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The expressions of all four receptors in the epidermal growth factor receptor family, EGFR. HER2, HER3, and HER4 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 19 cases of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and base of tongue. EGFR had a similar and high expression in both primary tumours and the corresponding metastases, while the expression in normal epithelium was lower in most cases. HER2 was not expressed to the same extent as EGFR. However, when HER2 was well expressed, it was in most cases expressed to the same extent and intensity in the primary tumours, metastases, and normal epithelium. The expression of HER3 and HER4 varied and was mainly cytoplasmic in all cases studied. No overexpression of HER3 and HER4 in tumours was seen as compared to normal epithelium. In order to further investigate the distribution of HER3, two HER3 expressing cell lines originating from tongue cancer were analysed in vitro, using radiolabelled anti-HER3 antibodies directed to the extracellular domains of the receptor. The results indicated that HER3 was not present in measurable amounts in the cellular membrane. There is a need for improved diagnostics and therapy for the studied type of tumours, e.g. using radiolabelled antibodies or ligands, and EGFR seemed suitable as target since the expression was high, membrane associated and similar in the primary tumours and the corresponding metastases.
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30.
  • Englesson-Sahlström, Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • Lavage question in treatment of painful reduced mouth opening capacity
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. - 1010-5182 .- 1878-4119. ; 36:Suppl 1, s. 162-163
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To compare treatment with local anaesthetics and local anaesthetics and lavage in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and reduced mouth opening in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Forty-one women and four men (mean age 35 years) participated. All patients had had TMJ pain för more than 3 months, had reduced mouth opening capacity, and had non-reducin disc displacement confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient were randomized to treatment with extra-articular local anaesthetics alone (control) or with extra-articular local anaesthetics and lavage (treatment). All patients were examined at basline and at 1 and 3 months by an examiner blind to treatment. Successful treatment was determined as 30% or more pain reduction on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: At baseline, mean pain intensity (VAS) on movement of the TMJ was 58 among the controls and 61 in the treatment group. At the 3-month folow-up, treatment was considered succesful in 76% of the controls and 50% of the treatment group. Mouth opening capacity without assistance was 34 mm and 33 mm at baseline and 43 mm and 38 mm after 3 months among the controls and in the treatment group, respectively. These differences between groups in median pain intesity, successful treatment outcome, and mouth opening capacity with assistance were nonsignificant. CONLUSIONS: Use of lavage to supplement extra-articular local anaesthetic treatment of painful reduced mouth opening at non-reducing discs does not appear to improve treatment outcome.
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31.
  • Englesson Sahlström, Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • Lavage Questionable in Treatment of Painful Reduced Mouth Opening (Stockholm)
  • 2008
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Objective: To compare treatment with local anaesthetics and local anaesthetics in combination with lavage in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and reduced mouth opening in a randomized controlled trial. Material and methods: Forty-one women and four men (mean age of 35 years) participated. All patients had had TMJ pain for more than 3 months, had reduced mouth opening capacity, and had non-reducing disc displacement confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were randomized to treatment with extra-articular local anaesthetic alone (control) or with extra-articular local anaesthetic in combination with lavage (treatment). All patients were examined at baseline and at 1 and 3 months by an examiner blind to treatment. Successful treatment was determined as 30% or more pain reduction on a 100-mm analog scale (VAS). Results: At baseline, mean pain intensity (VAS) of the TMJ during mandibular movements was rated 58 among the controls and 61 in the treatment group. At the 3 months follow-up, treatment was considered successful in 76% of the controls and 50% of the treatment group. Mouth opening capacity was 34 mm and 33 mm at baseline and 43mm and 38 mm after 3 months among the controls and in the treatment group, respectively. These differences between groups in pain intensity (VAS), successful treatment outcome (≥ 30%), and mouth opening capacity (mm) were non-significant between groups. Conclusion: Use of lavage to supplement extra-articular local anesthetic treatment of painful reduced mouth opening at non-reducing dics does not appear to improve treatment outcome. only.
  •  
32.
  • Eriksson, Lill, et al. (författare)
  • Lavage treatment of painful jaw movements at disc displacement without reduction : a randomized controlled trial in a short-term perspective
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0901-5027 .- 1399-0020. ; 42:3, s. 356-363
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study compared the short-term efficacy of two treatments (local anesthetics (A) and local anesthetics and lavage (AL)) in patients with permanently displaced discs and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. 45 patients participated in the single-blind randomized controlled trial. All patients had received: a Research Diagnostic Criteria/TMD diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction; and magnetic resonance imaging confirmation of non-reducing disc displacement. Participants were randomized to treatment with A or AL and were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 3 month follow-ups. The primary outcome measure defining success was reduction in pain intensity of at least 30% during jaw movement. At the 3 month follow-up, the success rate was 76% for A and 55% for AL. Both groups reported similar pain relief with no significant difference between the groups. Similar trends were observed for outcome measures in the physical functioning, emotional functioning, and global improvement domains with no significant difference between the groups. Use of lavage to supplement extra-articular local anesthetic treatment of painful jaw movements at non-reducing discs does not appear to improve TMD pain and mouth opening capacity in the short term
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33.
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34.
  • Festin, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Choice of measure matters: A study of the relationship between socioeconomic status and psychosocial resources in a middle-aged normal population
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psychosocial resources may serve as an important link to explain socioeconomic differences in health. Earlier studies have demonstrated that education, income and occupational status cannot be used interchangeably as indicators of a hypothetical latent social dimension. In the same manner, it is important to disentangle the effect of measuring different constructs of psychosocial resources. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse if associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial resources differ depending on the measures used. A cross-sectional population-based study of a random sample (n = 1007) of middle-aged individuals (45-69 years old, 50% women) in Sweden was performed using questionnaire and register data. SES was measured as education, occupation, household income and self-rated economy. Psychosocial resources were measured as social integration, social support, mastery, self-esteem, sense of coherence (SOC) and trust. Logistic regression models were applied to analyse the relationships controlling for the effects of possible confounders. The measures of SES were low or moderately correlated to each other as were the measures of psychosocial resources. After controlling for age, sex, country of birth and employment status, household income and self-rated economy were associated with all six psychosocial resources; occupation was associated with three (social integration, self-esteem and trust) and education with two (social integration and self-esteem). Social integration and self-esteem showed a significant and graded relationship with all SES measures; trust was associated with all SES measures except education, whereas SOC and mastery were only associated with household income and self-rated economy. After controlling for other SES measures, no associations with psychosocial resources remained for education or occupation. In conclusion, associations between SES and psychosocial resources did differ depending on the measures used. The findings illustrate the importance of the choice of measure when investigating SES as well as psychosocial resources.
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35.
  •  
36.
  • Grøndahl, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Spatial and interannual variability of trace gas fluxes in a heterogeneous High Arctic landscape
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: High-arctic ecosystem dynamics in a changing climate - Ten years of monitoring and research at Zackenberg Research Station, Northeast Greenland (Advances in Ecological Research). - 0065-2504. - 9780123736659 ; 40, s. 473-498
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Summertime measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were carried out over a range of high-arctic ecosystem types in the valley Zackenbergdalen since 1996 using both chamber and eddy covariance methodology. The net ecosystem CO2 exchange and CH4 flux data presented reveal a high degree of inter-annual variability within the dominant vegetation types in the valley, but also show distinct differences between them. In particular, the wet and dry parts of the valley show distinct differences. In general, the wet parts of the valley, the fens dominated by white cotton grass Eriophorum scheuchzeri, show high productivity, also in comparison with other sites, whereas CO2 uptake rates in the white arctic bell heather Cassiope tetragona and mountain avens Dryas spp.-dominated heaths are much smaller. Also within the different ecosystem types, a high degree of spatial variability can be documented. The spatial variability both within and between ecosystem types is especially pronounced for the CH4 flux and can, at least partly, be related to differences in vegetation composition and water table level. The importance of the CH4 emission from the various ecosystem types is evaluated both in relation to carbon and greenhouse gas budgets. In both wet and drier ecosystem components, inter-annual variability seems best explained through differences in the amount and distribution of snow in spring and the length of the growing season. A large number of replicate chamber measurements carried out over various vegetation types in the valley are used to produce a synthesis of 10 years of flux data available on growing season carbon dynamics and CH4 emission patterns in the individual parts of this high-arctic ecosystem and relates the differences between the ecosystems found in Zackenbergdalen to comparable sites in the circumpolar North.
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37.
  •  
38.
  • Holgersson, Georg, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish Lung Cancer Radiation Study Group: Predictive value of age at diagnosis for radiotherapy response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 51:6, s. 759-767
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of age at diagnosis on prognosis in patients treated with curatively intended radiotherapy for NSCLC. Material and methods. This is a joint effort among all the Swedish Oncology Departments that includes all identified patients with a diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer that have been subjected to curatively intended irradiation (andgt;= 50 Gy) treated during 1990 to 2000. Included patients had a histopathological/cytological diagnosis date as well as a death date or a last follow-up date. The following variables were studied in relation to overall and disease-specific survival: age, gender, histopathology, time period, smoking status, stage and treatment. Results. The median overall survival of all 1146 included patients was 14.7 months, while the five-year overall survival rate was 9.5%. Younger patients (andlt;55 years), presented with a more advanced clinical stage but had yet a significantly better overall survival compared with patients in the age groups 55-64 years (p = 0.035) and 65-74 years (p = 0.0097) in a multivariate Cox regression analysis. The overall survival of patients aged andgt;= 75 years was comparable to those aged andlt;55 years. Conclusion. In this large retrospective study we describe that patients younger than 55 years treated with curatively intended radiotherapy for NSCLC have a better overall survival than patients aged 55-64 and 65-74 years and that younger patients seem to benefit more from the addition of surgery and/or chemotherapy to radiotherapy. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, these results should be confirmed in future prospective trials.
  •  
39.
  • Holgersson, Georg, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of hyperfractionated radiotherapy regimen in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Humana Press. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 30:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The prognosis for patients with lung cancer is poor with an average of 5-year overall survival rate of only 10-15 % taking all clinical stages together. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of the radiotherapy regimen on survival. Clinical data were collected from all the Swedish Oncology Departments for 1,287 patients with a diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subjected to curatively intended irradiation (andgt;= 50 Gy) during the years 1990 to 2000. The included patients were identified based on a manual search of all medical and radiation charts at the oncology departments from which the individual patient data were collected. Patients who did not have a histopathological diagnosis date and/or death date/last follow-up date as well as patients being surgically treated were excluded from the study (n = 592). Thus, 695 patients were included in the present study. Patients who received hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HR) had a higher local control rate compared with patients receiving conventional fractionation (CF) (38 vs. 49 % local relapse). The difference in survival between the two radiotherapy regimens was statistically significant in a univariate Cox analysis (p = 0.023) in favor of HR. This significance was, however, not retained in a multivariate Cox analysis (p = 0.56). Thus, the possible beneficial effects of hyperfractionation are still unclear and need to be further investigated in well-controlled prospective clinical trials, preferably including systemic treatment with novel drugs.
  •  
40.
  • Holgersson, Georg, et al. (författare)
  • The value of induction chemotherapy for survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with radiotherapy.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : The International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 1791-7530 .- 0250-7005. ; 32:4, s. 1339-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The aim of the present study was to retrospectively investigate the impact of induction chemotherapy on treatment outcome in patients treated with curatively intended radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with a diagnosed NSCLC that have been subjected to curatively intended irradiation (≥50 Gy) and treated in an oncology department in Sweden during the years 1990-2000 were included in the study. Operated patients and patients having received concomitant chemotherapy were excluded. The included patients were localised by a manual search of all the oncology departments' medical records and radiation charts. RESULTS: Patients treated with induction chemotherapy (n=79) had a significantly better overall survival compared with patients treated with radiotherapy alone (p=0.0097) in a univariate Cox regression analysis. A platinum/taxane combination produced the greatest survival benefit; hazard ratio=0.49 (95% confidence interval=0.31 to 0.75). CONCLUSION: We found that patients treated with induction chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy for NSCLC have a better overall survival than patients treated with radiotherapy alone and that the best results are achieved using a platinum/taxane combination.
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41.
  •  
42.
  •  
43.
  • Holst, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Measurements of biogenic volatile organic compounds above a sub-arctic wetland in northern Sweden
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Contributions 3rd International Conference on Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications. ; , s. 174-177
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We present first results of fluxes of biogenic VOC emitted from the vegetation at a sub-arctic wetland in northern Sweden, measured using the disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) technique with a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) as scalar sensor.
  •  
44.
  • Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al. (författare)
  • The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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45.
  • Larsson, Lena C, et al. (författare)
  • Induction of operational tolerance to discordant dopaminergic porcine xenografts.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Transplantation. - 1534-6080 .- 0041-1337. ; 75:9, s. 1448-1454
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Porcine embryonic neural tissue transplanted intracerebrally could potentially relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease if the immune response toward the graft could be overcome. However, conventional immunosuppressive treatments have proven inefficient in preventing rejection. An alternative is blocking the costimulatory signals for lymphocyte activation. Treatment with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) and anti-CD40L has been successful in preventing rejection of xenografts in some experimental studies, but not all. Lymphocyte function antigen (LFA)-1 is an important costimulatory molecule for CD8+ T cells, and we hypothesize that blockade with anti-LFA-1 may enhance the efficacy of CTLA4Ig and anti-CD40L therapy. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice received intracerebral transplants of ventral mesencephalic tissue from embryonic porcine donors. CTLA4Ig, anti-CD40L, and anti-LFA-1 were administered every other day on days 0 to 8, and the transplants were studied after 4 to 6 weeks. Grafts were histologically analyzed for size, survival of dopaminergic nerve cells, and immune responses. Recipients were challenged with cultured glia cells of donor origin or an allogeneic skin graft to evaluate tolerance induction. RESULTS: Mice treated with all three substances had large grafts containing high amounts of dopamine cells but a low degree of immune response. Grafts in recipients challenged with glial cells showed an increased immunologic activity but were not rejected. Triple-treated mice showed a normal rejection process of the allogeneic skin grafts. CONCLUSION: After a short course of costimulation blocking therapy, discordant neural xenografts demonstrate long-term survival, withstand immunologic challenge, yet maintain host-versus-graft reactivity. Anti-LFA-1 complements CTLA4Ig and anti-CD40L in the induction of operational tolerance to these xenografts.
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46.
  • Larsson, Lena Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Simultaneous inhibition of B7 and LFA-1 signaling prevents rejection of discordant neural xenografts in mice lacking CD40L.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Xenotransplantation. - : Wiley. - 0908-665X. ; 9:1, s. 68-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transplantation of embryonic human neural tissue can restore dopamine neurotransmission and improve neurological function in patients with Parkinson's disease. Logistical and ethical factors limit the availability of human embryonic allogeneic tissue. Embryonic xenogeneic neural tissue from porcine donors is an alternative form of donor tissue, but effective immunomodulatory techniques are warranted for neural xenotransplantation to become clinically feasible. We transplanted embryonic porcine ventral mesencephalic tissue into the brains of adult untreated C57BL/6 mice, untreated CD40L-/-mice and CD40L-/-mice that received injections of anti-LFA-1, CTLA41g or both compounds. Double-treated CD40L-/-mice had large grafts with high numbers of dopaminergic neurons 4 wk after transplantation. The grafts were completely devoid of lymphocytes, macrophages and activated microglia. Untreated C57BL/6 mice had rejected their grafts. Untreated CD40L-/-mice and CD40L-/-mice treated with monotherapy of anti-LFA-1 or CTLA41g had smaller grafts and more microglial and lymphocytic infiltration than double-treated CD40L-/-mice. We conclude that immunomodulation with concomitant inhibition of LFA-1 and B7 signaling in the perioperative period in CD40L-/-mice prevented the rejection of discordant neural xenografts. The treatment most likely reduced antigen presenting capacity and interfered with the costimulatory signaling needed for T cell activation to occur.
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47.
  • Lindh, Thomas, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Pensionsreformen och invandrarna
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. ; 39:5, s. 33-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
  •  
48.
  • Malm, Helene, et al. (författare)
  • CTLA4ig induces long-term graft survival of allogeneic skin grafts and totally inhibits T-cell proliferation in LFA-1-deficient mice.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Transplantation. - 1534-6080. ; 73:2, s. 293-297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: It was recently shown that some strains of mice are capable of rejecting transplants independently of B7 and CD40L signaling and that this rejection is mediated by CD8(+) T cells. LFA-1 is known to be important for CD8(+) T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, blockade of LFA-1 could be important in overcoming costimulation blockade, CD8(+) T-cell-mediated, resistant rejection. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of combined blockade of the LFA-1 and B7 costimulation pathways on the alloimmune response in mice. METHODS: Allogeneic skin transplantation was performed using BALB/c mice as donors and C57BL/6J wild-type or LFA-1-deficient (CD11a(-/-)) mice as recipients. CTLA4Ig or anti-LFA-1 was administered either as an induction or a prolonged therapy. Mixed lymphocyte reactions were conducted to study the effect of CTLA4Ig on T-cell proliferation in CD11a(-/-) mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Administration of CTLA4Ig completely inhibits CD11a(-/-) T-cell proliferation in response to alloantigens and significantly improved skin allograft survival in CD11a(-/-) mice. Prolonged treatment of wild-type recipient mice with CTLA4Ig and anti-LFA-1 increased median survival time to 45.5 days compared with 16 days after induction therapy, but it was not sufficient to induce indefinite allograft survival in this model.
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49.
  • Mandl, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Dysphagia and dysmotility of the pharynx and oesophagus in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 36:5, s. 394-401
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To assess the prevalence of pharyngeal and oesophageal symptoms and dysmotility in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome ( pSS) and relate these to autonomic nervous function. Methods: Twenty consecutive pSS patients, according to the American - European Consensus Criteria ( AECC), and 30 age- and sex- matched controls from the Swedish general population registry were studied. All subjects completed a pharyngeal and oesophageal symptoms questionnaire and were examined by pharyngeal and oesophageal video radiography. In addition, the pSS patients were examined by two different autonomic nervous function tests, the deep breathing test [ calculating the expiration/ inspiration ( E/ I) ratio] and the finger skin blood flow test [ the vasoconstriction ( VAC) index]. Results: pSS patients experienced significantly more dysphagia compared with controls ( 65% vs. 3%; p < 0.001). Pharyngeal ( 45% vs. 7%; p < 0.01), oesophageal ( 80% vs. 7%; p < 0.001) and gastro- oesophageal reflux symptoms ( 60% vs. 23%; p < 0.01) were also more prevalent in pSS patients compared with controls while pharyngeal ( 15% vs. 17%; p=NS) and oesophageal dysmotility ( 40% vs. 30%; p=NS) were not. Dysphagia was not associated with dysmotility but was found to be associated with a decreased E/ I ratio [ -1.05 ( -1.51 to -0.40) in patients with dysphagia vs. -0.21 ( -0.39 to 0.65) in patients without dysphagia; p < 0.01]. Conclusion: Subjective swallowing difficulties were more common in pSS patients than in controls while objective signs of pharyngeal and oesophageal dysmotility were not. Dysphagia in pSS patients does not seem to be related to video radiographical signs of dysmotility but may be related to an impaired parasympathetic function.
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50.
  • Mandl, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Frequent development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary SS--results of a longitudinal follow-up.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 51:5, s. 941-946
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives. To study the longitudinal development of pulmonary function in patients with primary SS (pSS) and its association with respiratory symptoms, pulmonary radiographic findings and clinical features of pSS.Methods. Forty-one pSS patients, previously evaluated by pulmonary function tests (PFTs), were included in the study. The patients were studied at baseline and follow-up by PFT and at follow-up also by high-resolution CT scan of the lungs, the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and by inflammatory and serological tests. The PFT results were compared with previously studied population-based controls, standardizing results with regard to gender, age, height, weight and tobacco consumption.Results. The mean follow-up time was 11 years. The pSS patients displayed signs of both obstructive and restrictive lung disease at baseline and at follow-up, and deteriorated in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), ratio of FEV(1) to vital capacity and in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide during follow-up. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was diagnosed in 37% of the pSS patients at follow-up. In pSS patients, respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were common, although with a poor association with PFT variables.Conclusion. The pSS patients showed signs of both obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease and COPD commonly developed during follow-up. Respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were common but poorly associated with PFT in pSS patients.
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