| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Armstrong, Chelsey, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropological contributions to historical ecology : 50 questions, infinite prospects
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.
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| 3. |
- Badenhorst, Shaw, et al.
(författare)
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Faunal remains from Chibuene, an Iron Age coastal trading station in central Mozambique
- 2011
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Ingår i: Southern African Humanities. - Pietermaritzburg, South Africa : KwaZulu-Natal Museum. - 1681-5564. ; 23, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the small faunal assemblage from the Iron Age coastal trading station of Chibuene, situated on the coastal littoral of central Mozambique. The faunal assemblage was excavated in 1995 and contains bones from a variety of animals, including livestock, chickens, wild game animals, as well as aquatic species such as turtles and fish. Fish, turtle and shark remains dominate the assemblage. The fauna from the first and second millennium AD occupations share similarities with other contemporaneous sites to the north on the East African coast, rather than with sites located in South Africa.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Boles, Oliver J. C., et al.
(författare)
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Historical Ecologies of Pastoralist Overgrazing in Kenya : Long-Term Perspectives on Cause and Effect
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-7839 .- 1572-9915. ; 47:3, s. 419-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spectre of overgrazing' looms large in historical and political narratives of ecological degradation in savannah ecosystems. While pastoral exploitation is a conspicuous driver of landscape variability and modification, assumptions that such change is inevitable or necessarily negative deserve to be continuously evaluated and challenged. With reference to three case studies from Kenya - the Laikipia Plateau, the Lake Baringo basin, and the Amboseli ecosystem - we argue that the impacts of pastoralism are contingent on the diachronic interactions of locally specific environmental, political, and cultural conditions. The impacts of the compression of rangelands and restrictions on herd mobility driven by misguided conservation and economic policies are emphasised over outdated notions of pastoralist inefficiency. We review the application of overgrazing' in interpretations of the archaeological record and assess its relevance for how we interpret past socio-environmental dynamics. Any discussion of overgrazing, or any form of human-environment interaction, must acknowledge spatio-temporal context and account for historical variability in landscape ontogenies.
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| 7. |
- Chakrabarti, Shreya, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19 pandemic effects and responses in the Maasai Mara Conservancy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tourism and Hospitality Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1467-3584 .- 1742-9692. ; 0:0
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local comparisons of effects, responses and mitigations to the Covid-19 pandemic are of vital importance inbuilding a sustainable tourism. This is particularly the case for conservancies in Africa which is largely dependent on international tourism. Qualitative interviews were carried out in the Kenya Maasai Mara WildlifeConservancies Association (MMWCA)with landowners, lodge managers and staff, tourism operators, community organisations and NGOs between January and May 2021. The MMWCA is an important case study asconservancies pay lease payments to more than 14,528 landowners through tourism revenues. The results showhow partner conservancies took different paths in securing payments of leases and salaries by rotating staff,attracting international funding and by targeting domestic tourism. Meanwhile, landowners experimented withalternative economic activities such as cattle herding and diary production. The study shows the strength ofMMWCA as a stakeholder partnership to proactively design measures including renegotiation of leasepayments, in soliciting external funding and in re-distributing funding. The positive role of domestic tourismis also stressed. The pandemic brought to the forefront discussions on equity and benefit sharing and on thesustainability of the model itself. Recommendations are given to strengthen possibilities for alternative incomessources and for a diversification of strategies of the MMWCA partners, including the need to stimulate domestictourism as a parallel source of income. These recommendations are also relevant to conservation areas acrossthe African continent
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| 8. |
- Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
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The history of settlement and agrarian land use in a boreal forestin Värmland, Sweden, new evidence from pollen analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shielings are the historically known form of transhumance in Scandinavia, where livestock were moved from the farmsteadto sites in the outlands for summer grazing. Pollen analysis has provided a valuable insight into the history of shielings. Thispaper presents a vegetation reconstruction and archaeological survey from the shieling Kårebolssätern in northern Värmland,western Sweden, a renovated shieling that is still operating today. The first evidence of human activities in the area nearKårebolssätern are Hordeum- and Cannabis-type pollen grains occurring from ca. 100 bc. Further signs of human impactare charcoal and sporadic occurrences of apophyte pollen from ca. ad 250 and pollen indicating opening of the canopy ca.ad 570, probably a result of modification of the forest for grazing. A decrease in land use is seen between ad 1000 and 1250,possibly in response to a shift in emphasis towards large scale commodity production in the outlands. Emphasis on bloomeryiron production and pitfall hunting may have caused a shift from agrarian shieling activity. The clearest changes in the pollenassemblage indicating grazing and cultivation occur from the mid-thirteenth century, coinciding with wetter climate at thebeginning of the Little Ice Age. The earliest occurrences of anthropochores in the record predate those of other shieling sitesin Sweden. The pollen analysis reveals evidence of land use that predates the results of the archaeological survey. The studyhighlights how pollen analysis can reveal vegetation changes where early archaeological remains are obscure.
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| 9. |
- Ekblom, Anneli
(författare)
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A cattle Country
- 2015
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Ingår i: Seminar. ; September:673
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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A Historical Ecology of the Limpopo and Kruger National Parks and Lower Limpopo Valley
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History. - Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. - 2001-1199. ; 1:1, s. 1-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper uses new palaeo-ecological data and a selective review of archaeological and written sources to show how social and natural history over the last 1200 years have interacted to form the present day landscape of Limpopo National Park and Northern Kruger National Park. The long-term mosaic of different communities in this landscape, hunter and gatherers, pastoralists, farmers and traders has, over time, contributed to shape and reshape a heterogeneous landscape. While some features in this landscape, such as water scarcity, have remained stable over time, there have also been major transformations in both the physical landscape and social life. The natural mosaics have been utilised and enhanced over time and the combination of natural and cultural mosaics are reflected in the landscape through archaeological sites, the pollen record and in the present day landscape.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-
(författare)
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An historical ecology of cattle in Mozambique
- 2018
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Ingår i: At Nature’s Edge. - New Delhi : Oxford University Press. - 9780199489077
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No account of human nature history can be complete without the complimentary story of one of our companion species. Cattle in many parts of Africa, as also other parts of the world are highly prized and loved, sharing the destinies of the people who rear them. By structuring the narrative around cattle: its biology, selection and breeding history, and tracing the social webs and markets of cattle we allow them to become agents of history. In this narrative the relations between cattle, people and landscapes are central to how history unfolded and nature was remade. Rather than structuring the narrative chronologically or along a cultural-history continuum, I will here attempt to focus on nodes of connections in the long history of the relationships of cattle and people. The historical ecology of cattle illustrates the intricate and long term relationship between people, cattle, and landscapes, and the ecological skills of farmers and herders. Cattle herding in southern Africa demand a good ecological understanding of landscape dynamics. Traditional cattle keeping are ecologically well suited to meet the environmental constraints of episodic disease and episodic droughts. Contrary to industrialised forms of cattle rearing, traditional cattle keeping remain an enterprise that is low in environmental cost. Cattle usually roam freely over large distances and grazing is low intensive and crucial for biodiversity and to keep the landscape open.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological surveys in the lower Limpopo valley, Limpopo national park
- 2015
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Ingår i: South African Archaeological Bulletin. - 0038-1969 .- 2224-4654. ; 70:202, s. 201-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents the results of the first archaeological surveys in Limpopo National Park (Parque Nacional do Limpopo - PNL) in Mozambique. We discuss the different categories of sites, their research potential, and the possible relative ages. Sites dating from the Early Stone Age (ESA) to the Later Stone Age (LSA) have been identified as farming community settlements from both the first and second millennium AD. PNL is of particular interest when it comes to hunter-gatherer and farmer interactions, as foraging communities were reported in the area until the 1870s, and we raise the potential of further studies to elucidate this interaction.
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| 16. |
- Ekblom, Anneli
(författare)
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Archaeology, Historical Sciences, and Environmental Conservation
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology. - Oxford : Oxford University Press.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental conservation has long been orientated towards reconstructing or conserving ‘naturalness’. The historical sciences in combination with new ecological thinking have taught us that landscapes are constantly in flux. We now know that many landscapes that previously were regarded as natural in fact have been shaped and reshaped by people over millennia, and that human disturbance of different kinds may enhance landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity. This chapter presents cases from different parts of Africa that demonstrate how archaeology, palaeoecology, and historical analysis have contributed to reform the traditional outlook of environmental conservation and revise misconstrued landscape histories. It shows that historical studies can offer insights that contribute a better understanding of species conservation, ecosystem function, prediction of ecosystem behaviour, and sound management of cultural landscapes. The long-term historical continuities in the landscape raise awareness of the importance of traditional practices and their benefits for environmental conservation.
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| 17. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Arkadien
- 2013
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Ingår i: Institutionens historier: En vänbok till Gullög Nordquist. - Uppsala : Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia. - 9789150623260 ; , s. 3-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Få landskap har ett sådant symbolvärde som det grekiska och särskilt gäller det regionen Arkadien. Det arkadiska landskapet spred välljud, dofter och bilder till barockens, renässansens och romantikens poeter och konstnärer. I herdediktningen, som ju hade sitt ursprung i antikens diktning, blev Arkadien scenen för en hängiven längtan efter pastorala och lantliga idyller. Men vid sidan av det som lite nedsättande (och missvisande) brukar kallas ”bonderomantik” bär bilden av Arkadien också på teman för en historiskt återkommande civilisationskritik. Idag liksom igår är människor ibland oense om hur jorden bäst ska brukas, hur landskap ska formas, omformas och förskönas för att passa människors och till och med gudars behov idag och i morgon. Ekvationen har blivit mycket komplex nu när vi också måste ta ställning till långsiktiga effekter på biologisk mångfald och ekologisk hållbarhet. Rötterna till denna komplexitet kan vi finna i den feta, mjuka, grekiska jorden som redan på Platons tid kunde uppfattas som hotad. Vill vi följa miljöhistoriens hemliga meanderbana bör vi emellertid börja vid en punkt där den antika människan försökte finna sig en plats i ett redan besjälat landskap.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-
(författare)
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Changing Landscapes : An Environmental History of Chibuene, Southern Mozambique
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses the dynamics of environmental change and its embeddedness in the long term interactions of social history and rainfall variability through the building of an environmental history of the Chibuene locality, the coastal plain of southern Mozambique, 5 km south of the town Vilanculos, from 400 AD to present day. Land-use practices over time are discussed on the basis of vegetation and land-use history based pollen analysis, charcoal influx and diatom analysis. It is shown that the savanna vegetation is a long term feature of the Chibuene landscapes and that there have been several expansions of savannas and subsequent retractions of forests through time, linked primarily with rainfall variation. Written sources and archaeological material are drawn upon for a discussion on changing practices of environmental management and it is argued that as the Chibuene landscape is marked by a high degree of environmental insecurity, it is the competent management of resources that has enabled the continuous occupation of Chibuene from c. the 7th century AD, through management of natural resources, flexible farming practices and wide reaching social networks. The last two decades have seen a marked change in land-use patterns, reflected in a decrease in forests of the Chibuene area, the reasons for which are complex and needs to be further studied. Interviews with individual elders in the village community provide alternative ways of understanding environmental degradation as merely the loss of disappearance of forests, or the failure of crops due to droughts, but also as the erosion of local power, wars and social unrest. In a similar way, through a long-term perspective this study stresses that socio-political life, climatic variability and environmental dynamics are interlinked, highlighting the importance of the complimentarity of different forms of knowledge and ways of knowing the Chibuene landscape.
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| 20. |
- Ekblom, Anneli
(författare)
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Chibuene
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Swahili World. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138913462
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Chicumbane Connections: Lower Limpopo Valley During the First Millennium AD.
- 2023
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Ingår i: African Archaeological Review. - 0263-0338 .- 1572-9842.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion of the transition to farming in southern Africa and the formation of Early Iron Age society, referred to in Mozambican archaeology as the Early Farming Communities (EFC), is complicated by the lack of surveys in key areas of intensive contacts. This article presents the results of excavations at the EFC site Chicumbane in the eastern lower Limpopo Valley, dated 500–800 AD. The variation of ceramic styles in terms of decoration and shape suggests predominantly interior influences (Gokomere and Zhizo facies), but there are also decoration elements similar to what is found on the coast. A wide variety of ceramic technologies were used in terms of clay sources, temper, and ways of building the pot. Here, we reconstruct possible social interactions based on these differences. Together with the other artifact categories, such as slag, metal, and shell beads, the results show some aspects of regional interactions among Early Farming Communities. The combined ceramic analyses suggest a mix of traditions by female potters who, through marriage, moved between regions, bringing new ways of decorating, tempering, and building pots.
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| 22. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Coastal forest and Miombo woodland history of the Vilankulo region, Mozambique
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 24:3, s. 284-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present day distribution of Miombo savanna-woodland in Mozambique has been attributed to an expansion due to the clearing of original coastal forests through agriculture and use of fire. Here, we test this hypothesis using palaeoecological data from Lake Nhauhache, situated in the Vilankulo region. Our analysis shows that Brachystegia, one of the main constituents of the Miombo, has varied over time, and its variability seems to be driven by hydrological changes related to climatic variability rather than by land-use changes. The analyses show that Brachystegia was most common during ad 200-700 when a marshy forest/shrub community was dominant. After ad 700, this community changes to a dominance of Syzygium and Fagara linked to gradually rising water levels. Brachystegia remains in low abundance and fluctuating over time. From ad 1000, a general decline in trees/shrubs in favour of grasses concurs with an increase in grass pollen (possibly cereal) and charcoal, most probably as a result of farming activities. The decline in tree taxa was probably exacerbated by periodic droughts after c. ad 1200 as indicated by the diatom assemblage. In the period ad 1700 to late 1800, arboreal pollen is well represented, and this is concurrent with the diatom record suggesting high lake levels.
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| 23. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation through Biocultural Heritage-Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2019
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI. - 2073-445X. ; 8:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review the potential of biocultural heritage in biodiversity protection and agricultural innovation in sub-Saharan Africa. We begin by defining the concept of biocultural heritage into four interlinked elements that are revealed through integrated landscape analysis. This concerns the transdisciplinary methods whereby biocultural heritage must be explored, and here we emphasise that reconstructing landscape histories and documenting local heritage values needs to be an integral part of the process. Ecosystem memories relate to the structuring of landscape heterogeneity through such activities as agroforestry and fire management. The positive linkages between living practices, biodiversity and soil nutrients examined here are demonstrative of the concept of ecosystem memories. Landscape memories refer to built or enhanced landscapes linked to specific land-use systems and property rights. Place memories signify practices of protection or use related to a specific place. Customary protection of burial sites and/or abandoned settlements, for example, is a common occurrence across Africa with beneficial outcomes for biodiversity and forest protection. Finally, we discuss stewardship and change. Building on local traditions, inclusivity and equity are essential to promoting the continuation and innovation of practices crucial for local sustainability and biodiversity protection, and also offer new avenues for collaboration in landscape management and conservation.
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| 24. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Dung fungi as indicators of past herbivore abundance, Kruger and Limpopo National Park
- 2010
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 296:1-2, s. 14-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective wildlife management needs historical data on herbivore abundance and its interactions with vegetation, climate and disturbance over longer time periods than is available through observational and archive data. Spores specific to herbivore dung provide a potential source of information on past herbivore abundances. This paper sets out to evaluate the potential of fungal spores as environmental indicators and in particular the use of coprophilous fungi in understanding past herbivore densities and their impact on the savanna landscape of Kruger and Limpopo National Parks (South Africa and Mozambique). Spore assemblages from six sedimentary cores are analysed and compared with the pollen data. Spores of coprophilous fungi, Coniochaeta cf ligniaria, and Sordariaceae in particular provide a valuable source of information about past herbivore densities. The spore assemblages of investigated localities show historical fluctuations in herbivore abundance. Peaks in wild/domestic herbivore densities can be seen, on a local scale from 800– 900 AD and another at 1400 AD, however, these cannot be linked with any significant changes in vegetation. The last 200-300 years have seen an increased abundance of herbivores in the Limpopo floodplain sites, particularly domestic cattle. There is no clear correspondence between changes in herbivore abundance and local vegetation in this period or the 20th century. However, domestic cattle, together with wild herbivores, probably contributed to creating a mosaic type of landscape with heterogeneous tree cover.
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| 25. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Fire history and fire ecology of Northern Kruger (KNP) and Limpopo National Park (PNL), southern Africa
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 20:7, s. 1063-1077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the general correlations between fire and grass/tree relationships, as represented by fossil charcoal and pollen, from different vegetation types in the savanna ecosystems of the neighbouring Kruger (KNP) and Limpopo (PNL) national parks. Our analysis suggests that the basic presumption that fire is a main driver of vegetation dynamics in the savanna ecosystem by suppressing tree seedlings and encouraging grasses needs to be re-examined. An improved approach is to understand how fire may act both as a negative and positive feedback in different vegetational phases and both as a driver and responder in transitions between phases. The correlation between arboreal pollen (AP) percentages and charcoal influx suggests that in the grassland phase (< 5% AP), fire acts as a driver of woody recruitment and as a positive feedback, i.e. potentially driving the system to shift into a savanna phase. In the savanna phase (5–10% AP) fire limits woody recruitment and acts as a negative feedback in maintaining the savanna. Thus, in the savanna phase other factors than fire alone drive the transition from savanna to woodland-forest. In the riparian phase, where evidence of farming is present particularly from ad 1600 onwards, fire appears to facilitate tree recruitment where AP ranges between c. 10 and 20% AP. Though a decline in AP abundance can be seen contemporaneously with charcoal peaks, our analysis suggests that overall, human-induced fires do not seem to have a negative impact on woody cover. Our results have implications for fire management as riparian-dominated phases and savannas with a sufficient woody cover are less sensitive to changes in fire policies than open grasslands that may, with a change in fire frequency, change into another state.
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| 26. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-
(författare)
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Forest-savanna dynamics in the coastal lowland of southern Mozambique since 400 AD
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 18, s. 1247-1257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the coastal lowlands of Mozambique, an expansion of savannas at the cost of forests has been attributed to anthropogenic influence. There are few investigations that have studied vegetation dynamics over the long term. Pollen analysis from two sedimentary cores in the Chibuene area, 7 km south of Vilanculos presented in this paper show that the coastal area 1600 years ago consisted of a mosaic of forests, Miombo woodlands and grasslands. The data also show that the area supported extensive forests in the past until AD 1400–1600 when the forests declined dramatically. Changing settlement patterns, as suggested from archaeological excavations, cannot be correlated with the forest decline and the charcoal abundance, in the sedimentary cores does not suggest an intensification of farming. Instead the decline of forests appears to be temporally correlated with a prolonged period of repeated dry spells associated with the ‘Little Ice Age’, which caused a shift in vegetation whereby typical forest species as Trema, Celtis and Moraceae were outcompeted on account of the droughts. This study challenges rooted assumptions about the cause of decline of forests in the coastal region. It also suggests that the forest fragments present on the Mozambique coast today are naturally subject to threat from climatic stress and as such are highly sensitive areas to future climate change.
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| 27. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Hierarchy and scale : testing the long term role of water, grazing and nitrogen in the savanna landscape of Limpopo National Park (Mozambique)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 25:10, s. 1529-1546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares vegetation dynamics at two sites in the savanna landscape of Limpopo National Park (PNL), Mozambique. In order to test the relationship between vegetation cover and hydrology, nutrient availability and disturbance from grazing and fire over the last 1,200 years at local (100 m2) scales, we use palaeoecological data (i.e. pollen assemblages, charcoal abundance, C/N ratio, stable isotopes and herbivore-associated spore abundance). Two pans governed by similar rainfall regimes (on average 600 mm/year) but different hydrologies are compared. Chixuludzi Pan is responsive to the Limpopo River and is more water rich than Radio Pan, which is situated in a dry landscape with little surface water. The analysis suggests that in savannas where water is scarce, the recruitment of woody taxa is constrained mainly by the availability of underground water. In the Radio Pan sequence, the present grassland savanna has been stable throughout the time studied. In contrast, the Chixuludzi Pan savanna landscape where local hydrology, due to the proximity of Limpopo River, allows for a higher water availability the relationship between grass-arboreal pollen suggests a greater variability in vegetation cover, and other factors such as grazing, herbivory and nitrogen availability are important as controlling mechanisms for woody cover. The historical depth of the analysis enables a sub-hierarchy of local scale process to be identified, in this case local hydrology. Local water availability is shown to override the effect of regional rainfall and, in turn, to control the influence of other local scale factors such as nutrients and grazing.
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| 28. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: The resilience of heritage : cultivating a future of the past : essays in honour of Professor Paul J.J. Sinclair / edited by Anneli Ekblom, Christian Isendahl och Karl-Johan Lindholm.. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 1651-1255. - 9789150626759 ; , s. 9-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Land use history and resource utilisation from A.D. 400to the present, at Chibuene, southern Mozambique
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 23:1, s. 15-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses changing patterns of resource utilisation over time in the locality of Chibuene, Vilankulos, situated on the coastal plain of southern Mozambique. The macroscopic charcoal, bone and shellassemblages from archaeological excavations are presented and discussed against the off-site palaeoecological records from pollen, fungal spores and microscopic charcoal. The Chibuene landscape has experienced four phases of land use and resource utilisation that have interacted with changes in the environment. Phase 1 (A.D. 400–900), forest savanna mosaic, low intensity cattle herding and cultivation, trade of resources for domestic use. Phase 2 (A.D. 900–1400), forest savanna mosaic, high intensity/extensive cultivation and cattle herding. Phase 3 (A.D. 1400–1800), savanna woodland and progressive decrease in forests owing to droughts. Decline of agricultural activities and higher reliance on marine resources. Possible trade of resources with the interior. Phase 4 (A.D. 1800–1900), open savanna with few forest patches. Warfare and social unrest. Collapse of trade with the interior. Decline in marine resources and wildlife. Loss of cattle herds. Expansion of agriculture locally and introduction of New World crops and clearing of Brachystegia trees. The study shows the importance of combining different environmental resources for elucidating how land use and natural variability have changed over time.
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| 30. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-
(författare)
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Livelihood Security, Vulnerability and Resilience : A Historical Analysis of Chibuene, Southern Mozambique
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41:5, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sustainable livelihood framework is used to analyse livelihood security, vulnerability and resilience in the village of Chibuene, Vilanculos, southern Mozambique from a historical and contemporary perspective. Interviews, assessments, archaeology, palaeoecology and written sources are used to address tangible and intangible aspects of livelihood security. The analysis shows that livelihood strategies for building resilience, diversification of resource use, social networks and trade, have long historical continuities. Vulnerability is contingent on historical processes as long-term socio-environmental insecurity and resultant biodiversity loss. These contingencies affect the social capacity to cope with vulnerability in the present. The study concludes that contingency and the extent and strength of social networks should be added as a factor in livelihood assessments. Furthermore, policies for mitigating vulnerability must build on the reality of environmental insecurity, and strengthen local structures that diversify and spread risk.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Ekblom, Anneli
(författare)
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Miljöhistoria och dess frestelser
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental history is a wide field that encompasses many of our traditional disciplines. This paper gives a short introduction and historical overview over the different directions that environmental history as a field entails. It also gives a brief introduction to the Philosophy of History. The historical overview is based on the categories: Natural History, History of ideas, Traditional Environmental History, Historical Ecology and what I refer to here as ‘Postcolonial Environmental History’ – a direction that is yet to develop. In the second part of the paper, specific problems or ‘temptations’ related to environmental history are raised. The aim of this paper is to advocate an inclusive and broad environmental history that does not shy away from the complexities of interactions within society, within nature and in the interactions between them.
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| 34. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Natur skövlas i miljöns namn
- 2012
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Ingår i: Uppsala nya tidning. ; 22:Juni
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 35. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Negotiating identity and heritage through authorised vernacular history, Limpopo National Park
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of social archaeology. - : Sage Publications. - 1469-6053 .- 1741-2951. ; 7:1, s. 49-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we assess vernacular history, traditional authority and the use of heritage places as mediums for negotiating ancestry, identity, territory and belonging based on conversations, interviews and visitations to heritage places together with residents in Limpopo National Park. We explore how particular vernacular histories become dominant village history through the authorisation of traditional leaders and their lineage histories and how traditional leaders use heritage places to mediate narratives. Authorised vernacular histories are narratives about mobility and identity, but they are also localised narratives about ‘home’ in terms of access to resources and heritage places. We discuss how lineage histories and traditional authority are mobilised or questioned in the context of the ongoing displacement of local residents through resettlement programmes and make comparisons with the historical experiences of evictions in the neighbouring Kruger and Gonarezhou National Parks. We emphasise the need for residents to remain connected to and in control of heritage places; otherwise, the linkages between these places, ancestral authority, and present-day authority risk being severed.
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| 36. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Paleohydrology of Lake Nhaucati (southern Mozambique),c. 400 AD to present
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - Dordrecht : Kluwer. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 40, s. 1127-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the correlations between lake level change, rainfall variability and general atmospheric forcing in southern Africa. The analysis of fossil diatom assemblages in a sediment sequence from the small, rain-fed Lake Nhaucati, southern Mozambique, is presented and discussed in relation to regional palaeoclimate data. The accumulation of organic sediments in Lake Nhaucati began 1,600 years ago when the lake level was rising. Lithology and pollen suggest a low stand at 800 AD, which correlates with other climate proxies from the summer rainfall region of southern Africa. The diatom assemblage suggests that lake levels were high between 900 and 1300 AD, with shorter low stands at c.1100 and 1200 AD. The period after 1400 AD was marked by a slow rate of accumulation and consequently a low temporal resolution. The correlation with other climate proxies in the summer rainfall region, written sources, and pollen data suggests repeated droughts corresponding to the Little Ice Age, though the driest periods may have caused complete desiccation of the lake. Higher lake levels are suggested after 1800 AD, though written sources suggest droughts in the beginning of the twentieth century. The analysis shows a good correlation with palaeoclimate data from the summer rainfall region and confirms the presence of an antiphase relationship between the summer rainfall region of southern Africa and the bi-modal rainfall region of east tropical Africa. It also supports the general hypothesis that variation in the intensity of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is the main agent modulating rainfall over southern and eastern Africa on centennial timescales.
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| 37. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Rainfall variability and vegetation dynamics of the lower Limpopo Valley, Southern Africa, 500 AD to present
- 2012
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 363, s. 69-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term responses of vegetation to climate variability are of relevance for predicting present and future vegetation change, and have implications for the management of savanna and riparian ecosystems. This paper explores the links between regional rainfall, hydrology and vegetation dynamics in the savannas and riverine forests of the lower Limpopo Valley, southern Africa, from 800 AD to the present, reviewing palaeoecological data (fossil pollen, spores, diatoms and lithology) from several hydrological systems in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa and Limpopo National Park (PNL), Mozambique. The PNL-KNP records show that riverine arboreal taxa expanded during wetter periods, including 800-1400 AD and after 1800 AD. Between 1400 and 1800 AD, grasses, savanna taxa and generalist taxa were favored over riparian taxa, a change that is linked with the onset of dry spells in the region (corresponding to the so-called Little Ice Age). The most extreme drought events around 1700 AD resulted in a marked decline of riparian forest taxa near Lake Mapimbi, KNP. In contrast, many water-scarce sequences away from the riverine environment, such as Radio Pan, Mafayeni Pan, Malahlapanga Pan and Lake Makwadzi show stable grassland vegetation throughout the last 1200 years. The results demonstrate the resilience of the grassland-savanna ecosystems to projected climate change with warmer and overall drier climate. The riverine forests are predicted to be more vulnerable especially as more extreme weather events are projected.
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| 38. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-
(författare)
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Samhälle, beslutsfattande och miljö
- 2012
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Ingår i: Miljöhistorier: Personliga, lokala, globala berättelser om dåtid, nutid och framtid.. - : CSD Uppsala och Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia. - 9789150623208 ; , s. 53-62
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste åren har det varit en renässansför synteser över Global miljöhistoria, speciellt synteser i syfte att kommenteradagens hållbarhets-problem. Som en arkeolog delar jag detta intresse förhistoria. Men problemet är att miljöhistoria i mitt tycke sällan tar upp just de frågor som är relevanta idag. Berättelserna om ekologiska självmord,miljöförstöring och kollaps av samhällen på grund av klimatförändringar är visserligenbra historier. De ger oss, som Cronon (1992) skulle säga, moraliska pekpinnarochde kan övertyga oss om att vi behöver förändra vårt samhälle. Men de kommerinte att hjälpa oss att förstå hur förändringen ska gå till. Om vi är överensom att samhälleligaomställningar är nödvändiga för att möta de utmaningar somen mer hållbar framtid innebär, ja då måste vi ha verktyg för att forma dessa omställningar. Vi behöver veta vilka omställningar som är mer hållbara än andra och vi måste vara tydliga med vad vi vill att dessa omställningar ska leda till.. Historien kan hjälpa oss här, eftersom en rad olika lösningar redan har testats och utvärderats i det förflutna. Men för att förstå och utvärdera dessa lösningar måste vi intressera oss för detspecifika och det komplexa samhälleliga samspelet mellan individer, normer, och politiska och sociala system (se texterna i denna bok; Balée 2006; Crumley2007; Costanza et al. 2007; Chakrabarty 2009). Vi måste bättre förstå vilka de faktorerär som tenderar att driva omställningar i samhället: är det starka individer, kollektiva krav, statlig kontroll, innovation, resiliens, långsamma gradvisa övergångareller revolutionära förändringar, tryck från miljö eller klimat ellerekonomiska, sociala krafter eller en kombination? – listan skulle kunna varal ängre. Här kommer jag att hävda vikten av att ta dess frågor på allvar genom att lyfta fram några utvalda exempel från det förflutna och nutid och jag kommer strukturera texten på basis av ett antal påståenden om relationen mellan samhälle och miljö
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Varför denna bok?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Miljöhistorier: Personliga, lokala, globala berättelser om dåtid, nutid och framtid.. - Uppsala : CSD Uppsala och Institution för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala universitet. - 9789150623208 ; , s. 3-8
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrunden till denna bok är det intresse för miljöhistoria och dess roll i att förklara och förändra de problem vi står inför idag som sedan lång tid tillbaka har funnits på Cemus (Centrum för miljö och utvecklingstudier, CSD Uppsala). Bokens olika medförfattare har kanske olika syn på miljöhistoriens roll och hur själva miljöproblematiken ska hanteras. Men tanken om att miljöhistoria är ett relevant verktyg för att förklara och förändra är något som förenar bokens författare
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Water flow, ecological dynamics, and management in the lower Limpopo Valley : a long‐term vie
- 2017
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Ingår i: WIREs Water. - : Wiley. - 2049-1948. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this contribution, we review long-term (millennial-decadal scale) river-flow changes, climate interactions, and interlinkage with vegetation dynamics, as well as society and policy, focusing on the lower Limpopo Valley (from the South African border through Mozambique). Drawing on paleoecological data, we address the valley's potential for defining critical ecological thresholds and managing an adaptive ecological landscape, by focusing on the dynamic relationship between different drivers (fire, hydrology, and grass/tree relationships). We briefly review the long-term interactions between water flow, climate variability, and society using archeological records and written sources. Lastly, we analyze the social and political context of water management, focusing on the last 100 years and transboundary water management. We also discuss planning and mitigation in relation to climate change and rainfall extremes that are projected to increase. It is stressed that forward-thinking policies must heed long-term climate variability, hydrology and biological and social impact and to plan and mitigate for environmental events. The discussion also brings to the fore the importance of an adaptable and equitable strategy in cross-border water sharing.
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| 43. |
- Elinor, Breman, et al.
(författare)
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Phytolith-based environmental reconstruction from an altitudinal gradient in Mpumalanga, South Africa, 10,600 BP-present
- 2019
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Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-6667 .- 1879-0615. ; 263, s. 104-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying vegetation change across biome boundaries provides insight into vegetation resilience. In this study, shifts in grassland composition are reconstructed from sediments in three wetland sites across altitudinal gradient from 2128 to 897 m.a.s.l., representing a gradient from the grassland biome to the grassland/savanna boundary in the Mpumalanga region, north-eastern South Africa. Phytolith records from Verloren Valei (dated from 10,600 BP), Graskop (dated from 6500 BP) and Versailles (dated from 4500 BP) are used to reconstruct shifts in grassland composition and vegetation change. Phytolith morphotypes are used to construct environmental indices that are correlated with pollen main ecological groups, charcoal and delta 13C and C/N ratio. The results are compared to available regional paleoclimate data. Both Verloren Valei and Graskop have been dominated by grassland, but Versailles show a stronger influence of bushveld/savanna pollen. Phytolith data suggest that grassland composition was stable at Versailles and Graskop, but grassland at Verloren Valei has changed significantly over time. The early Holocene was dominated by a Pooideae/Chloridoideae C3 and C4 grassland, probably a remnant of the earlier Pleistocene cool-dry conditions. After 8500 BP grassland composition changed gradually to a Chloridoideae and Panicoidea dominated C4 grassland BP, and finally a moist Cyperaceae and Panicoidea dominated C3/C4 grassland after 4000 BP. This shift possibly occurs as a delayed response to the warmer and wetter conditions of the mid Holocene optimum at this high altitude site. The results suggest that the grassland/savanna boundary has remained stable over time, indicating considerable resilience of grasslands to climate change. This resilience may be related to the turnover of species within the grassland biome, as indicated by shifts between 8500 and 4000 BP at Verloren Valei.
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| 44. |
- Eriksson, Ove, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts for Integrated Research in Historical Ecology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology: ThePast and Future of Landscapes and regions. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108420983 - 9781108355780 ; , s. 145-181
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ferrara, Vincenza, et al.
(författare)
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From landscape as heritage to biocultural heritage in a landscape : The ecological and cultural legacy of millennial land use practices for future natures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Landscape as heritage. - Abingdon; New York : Routledge. - 9781003195238 - 9781032046235 - 9781032049342 ; , s. 80-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many landscapes today, biological diversity is the ecological and cultural legacy of millennial interactions between land use practices and always changing environmental conditions. Thus, landscapes must be seen as heterogeneous, shaped through interacting different temporal and spatial scales. In our contribution we conceptualise biocultural heritage as space-time heterarchies, the endless results of repeated feedback between land use as human ecological process and the response of the ecosystems themselves. We provide the example of the olive intercropping landscape from a rural area of inner Sicily (Cozzo del Lampo hill, Villarosa), and we explore the potential of our conceptualisation for landscape heritage management. The discussion is centred on the acknowledgement of the “ecological function” played by place-based communities, as a key grounding step for the re-appropriation of our ecological engagement with landscape and place.
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| 47. |
- Ferrara, Vincenza, et al.
(författare)
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Scaffolding geospatial epistemic discomfort : a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of geography in higher education. - : Routledge. - 0309-8265 .- 1466-1845.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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Framtidens naturvärden i kulturmiljöer : fallstudie Gamla Uppsala
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Innehåll1. Introduktion - Anneli Ekblom, John Ljungkvist, Cecilia Rodéhn, Karin Hallgren2. Biologiska värden - Karin Hallgren3. Landskapsbruk och museipedagogik - Cecilia Rodéhn4. En annorlunda visning - Emil Niklasson, Cecilia Rodéhn, Kristina Persson5. Skapandet av en plats - John Ljungkvist, Anneli Ekblom6. Medeltidens landskapsförändringar - John Ljungkvist, Joakim Kjellberg7. Ett hävdat landskap - Karin Hallgren8. Utfärder till Gamla Uppsala - Cecilia Rodéhn9. Att uppleva Gamla Uppsala på ett nytt sätt - Daniel Löwenborg
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| 50. |
- Gillson, Lindsey, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene palaeo-invasions : the link between pattern,process and scale in invasion ecology?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 23:7, s. 757-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasion ecology has made rapid progress in recent years through synergies with landscape ecology, niche theory, evolutionary ecology and the ecology of climate change. The palaeo-record of Holocene invasions provides a rich but presently underexploited resource in exploring the pattern and process of invasions through time. In this paper, examples from the palaeo-literature are used to illustrate the spread of species through time and space, also revealing how interactions between invader and invaded communities change over the course of an invasion. The main issues addressed are adaptation and plant migration, ecological and evolutionary interactions through time, disturbance history and the landscape ecology of invasive spread. We consider invasions as a continuous variable, which may be influenced by different environmental or ecological variables at different stages of the invasion process, and we use palaeoecological examples to describe how ecological interactions change over the course of an invasion. Finally, the use of palaeoecological information to inform the management of invasions for biodiversity conservation is discussed.
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