| 1. |
- Hasselgren, Caroline, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in dementia: on the potentially mediating effects of educational attainment and experiences of psychological distress
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Old-age dementias are known to disproportionally affect women as well as individuals with low educational attainment. The higher lifetime risk of dementia among women is usually attributed to their longer life expectancy. However, the impact of sex, and subsequent gender inequity, is likely to be more multifaceted than this explanation implies. Not least because of historical inequities in access to education between the sexes and the gender and socio-economic gradients in risk factors such as stress, depression and social isolation. Consequently, the present study sought to test whether differences in educational attainment and experiences of general psychological distress mediate the association between female sex and dementia. Methods: The study utilizes data obtained through the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Populations Study on Women (n = 892). Data were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Weighted Least Squares Means and Variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation. General psychological distress was indicated by a latent variable and constructed from five manifest items (previous depression, stress, self-esteem, chronic loneliness and satisfaction with social situation) that were all measured at baseline. Results: While the results could not corroborate that education directly mediates the effect of sex on dementia, level of distress was predicted by both female sex (0.607, p < .001) and education (- 0.166, p < .01) and, in turn, shown to be significantly associated with dementia (0.167, p < .05), also after controlling for confounders. When time from baseline to diagnosis was increased through sequential exclusion of dementia cases, the effect of distress on dementia was no longer significant. Conclusion: The overall findings suggest that social (dis) advantage predicts general psychological distress, which thereby constitutes a potential, and rarely acknowledged, pathway between female sex, education, and dementia. They further underline the importance of attending to both education and distress as 'gendered' phenomena when considering the nature of their associations with dementia. However, the possibility of reverse causality bias must be acknowledged and the need for longitudinal studies with longer follow-up stressed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lindgren, Sven-Åke, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Barn/ungdomar som anlägger brand – orsaker och motåtgärder
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project "Juvenile Fire-Setting – Causes and Countermeasures" is to answer the question of why children/adolescents deliberately set fires, and to suggest warranted strategies to counteract and prevent future fire-setting. There are also two specific objectives: a) to answer the question of whether there is a media-related social dissemination syndrome and b) to evaluate two models of prevention developed by the Greater Gothenburg Fire and Rescue Services. Three studies have been conducted based on a comprehensive empirical material comprising records, statistics of incidents, survey data, narratives and information from interviews, police intelligence data, field and observation notes from lectures and meetings, news in different formats, documents from various organizations and court judgments including preliminary investigation material. The material has been analysed both quantitatively (statistically) and qualitatively (interpretation, category development and typology construction). Arson is largely a youth problem and corresponds in terms of causes and approaches to other forms of youth crimes. It is a problem on the decline. Characteristic for adolescents who set fires is gender (boys), parents with comparatively low levels of education, poor school grades, lack of school satisfaction and attraction to masculine leisure activities. The very few adolescents who repeatedly set fires exhibit severe individual and social problems. Both boys and girls, with or without a direct relationship to the school, set school fires. They act individually or in groups, often with different motives. When a group of adolescents set fires, they act in different roles (positions), during both the planning and the implementation phase. During the social unrest that took place in several neighbourhoods in Gothenburg in the autumn/winter of 2009, deliberate car fires were a permanent feature. The involved adolescents frequently used smartphones and IT-based social media to document actions and results. The social dissemination was achieved mainly through this type of direct communication between young individuals. Diffusion via traditional media coverage had a more subordinate role. Preventive measures should be evidence based. Knowledge of the design and effects of general preventive measures should be combined with knowledge that corresponds to the particularities of fire-setting and arson. Within preventive work, it is especially important to consider the following: Opt for both social and situational measures; specify the purpose and audience; support positive attitudes, roles and activities; pay attention to the situation of both boys and girls; focus on trust-building social relationships; parents and/or professionals with special children's competence should always participate in activities related to children; the preventive work must be visible and well anchored within the performing organization and supporting structures, as well as support from the management level is important; develop and promote collaboration between different actors; invest in evaluation and development of methods.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av kommuners arbete mot anlagda skolbränder
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This section summarizes the results from the project Evaluation of Municipalities’ Efforts to Prevent Arson. Based on the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency’s review of measures to prevent school arson in 80 Swedish municipalities, the aim of the evaluation was to identify and discuss work models and interventions that appear to be successful. To this end, the antiarson efforts in 20 municipalities were analysed in-depth (encompassing a total of 15 different preventive measures). Thirteen of the studied municipalities show a reduction in school arson during the period 2005–2011; seven show an increase. By comparing these two groups, it was possible to identify successful combinations of anti-arson measures. The method used – qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) – implies comparison of combinations of measures. Two combinations of measures were found to be successful in larger municipalities: A 1) cross-sectoral specific cooperation, 2) camera surveillance and 3) extended secondary prevention B 1) cross-sectoral specific cooperation, 2) patrolling and 3) extended secondary prevention Cross-sectoral cooperation implies that several actors (for example schools, social services, police and rescue services) coordinate their work and resources related to the problem of school firesetting. To be successful, this method must be combined with situational prevention in the form of either camera surveillance or patrolling. A third component is also required, namely social prevention in the form of extended secondary prevention, which here refers to interventions targeting individuals or groups at risk of engaging in deviant behaviour. ‘Extended’ means that the measures are recurring and intensive in nature. It should be emphasized that it is the specific combinations of these measures that appear to be successful; individual measures or alternative combinations of measures do not seem as successful. It should also be emphasised that the results summarized above apply to larger municipalities, for the simple reason that it is not possible to conclude anything about the outcome of implemented measures without a sufficiently large number of cases of school arson. Another important aspect of the evaluation is that the data collected from the municipalities vary for example in terms of how different measures are labelled, defined and documented. Needless to say, this may affect the comparisons made. In addition, the evaluation design, i.e. a focus on implemented measures in relation to increases and reductions in school arson, implies that other possibly relevant factors, such as closing of schools, demographic changes and changes in the local structure of social problems, are not taken into account. However, the results are well in line with previous research on arson and the effects of methods used in arson prevention.
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| 5. |
- Uhnoo, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Juvenile school firesetting in Sweden: causes and countermeasures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 16:1, s. 25-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deliberately set school fires cause significant economic, material, and social damage to society. This article aims to contribute to a sociological understanding and explanation of school fires set by juveniles and to the development of effective prevention strategies based on the results obtained. The study draws upon comprehensive empirical data from qualitative and quantitative research consisting of a questionnaire survey, substantive interviews, and document analysis. The findings show firesetting to be a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, which calls for a diversified approach to prevention relying on structural, situational, and social interventions. While juveniles setting schools on fire appear in many respects to be similar to other youths engaged in delinquent behaviours in society, the fires they set can be internally categorized according to firesetting motive, offender characteristics, and modus operandi. The implications of the resulting typology of six main types of school fires for prevention work are discussed, with practical suggestions for effective countermeasures offered.
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| 6. |
- Björk, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Negotiating gender equality, atypical work hours and caring responsibilities. The case of Sweden.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Work and Care under Pressure. Care Arrangements across Europe. - Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press. - 9789089645425 ; , s. 57-78
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have examined how care responsibilities are negotiated and organized by family caregivers working atypical hours in a time of decreasing public services for child- and eldercare and increasing demands at work. Atypical work hours were found to be not the most important factor behind the experiences of pressure among the interviewed working parents. Far more important in this respect was how the commitments to the cared-for elderly and children were experienced. Committed time thus seems to be more difficult to manage in negotiations than contracted time. Yet, also important seemed to be how the negotiations between the family members turned out. An overarching question in our analysis was: What is the impact of gender equality ideals on how care is managed and shared within families? Based on our findings, gender equality as a fundamental norm (in our country context at least) seems to support the ability of parents and kin caregivers to find and negotiate solutions to their families’ caring needs. At the same time, our results show that, despite men’s increasing involvement in childcare, a certain gender inequality persists in both childcare and eldercare. Among our interviewees involved in childcare, the degree of this inequality varied greatly from couple to couple, but in most families it was the mother who had taken the main responsibility for the care of the children. Of the families involved in eldercare, it was most often daughters who were the main caregivers, although there were also exceptions in which the role had been assumed by sons. Overall, the care responsibilities were formed through, and shaped by, gendered caring identities which, reflecting broader moral ideals, generally placed higher expectations on women than on men. Caring ideals and identities in turn were shaped in relation to gendered discourses on these ideals and available alternative identities, such as professional identities. These identities were then crucial for the caregivers’ constructions of moral boundaries determining, for them, an acceptable care arrangement, and thus also the boundaries of their own responsibilities, with repercussions for their committed-time arrangements. The interviews gave evidence of a risk that the new circumstances of eldercare provision may render the division of responsibility between the public and the extended family less clear-cut, and that the close kin may, consequently, be exposed to added stress in situations where the cared-for family members’ emotional well-being is not adequately attended to. Since the municipalities still have the ultimate responsibility to see to it that the citizens’ rights are met, the public authorities increasingly take on the role of administrators and supervisors of the care providers’ work. At the same time, however, the fragmentation of the care providing system – both within the municipalities themselves and in the relation between the municipalities and the companies operating in the care market – tends to erode this responsibility of the public. In practice, then, the increasing public supervision of care providers does not seem have resulted in any unburdening of the family carers. On the contrary, as became obvious also in the interviews for this study, the latter often feel a need to monitor and control that the publicly provided care is in fact delivered as contracted. This was the case for some of our interviewees to such an extent that they felt it to be easier to provide the care by themselves.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björnberg, Ulla, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Financial and Practical Kin Support in Sweden: Normative Guidelines and Practice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Family Studies. - 0047-2328. ; 39:1, s. 73-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The article focuses on giving and reception of practical support to and by members of the family belonging to different generations in Sweden. It examines what people consider as appropriate pertaining to the role of needs, emotional closeness and family of origin for giving and receiving practical support. It also distinguished different motives behind material and practical support exchanged between family members. The research suggest that family support is conditionally linked to needs such as a normative obligation and to motives to sustain personal relationships through strengthening emotional ties.
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| 9. |
- Björnberg, Ulla, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational soidarity and social structures. Class, Ethnicity and Social structures
- 2008
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Ingår i: Families, ageing and Social Policy: Generational Solidarity in European Welfare States. - Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA : Edgar Elgar. - 978 1 84720 648 0 ; , s. 235-259
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bruno, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Men's economic abuse towards women in Sweden: Findings from a national survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Violence against Women. - 1077-8012.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing from a nationally representative survey (n = 6 611), this paper analyses the prevalence of men’s economic abuse towards women in Sweden. Economic abuse is still a relatively marginalised area of research, but increasingly recognised as a distinct type of intimate partner violence (IPV). A few Swedish studies have specifically focused on economic abuse, yet none of which with a quantitative approach. A main finding is that motherhood significantly increases the risk of exposure. Furthermore, women report economic abuse from ex-partners (26 percent) to a much greater extent than from current partners (8 percent).
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| 12. |
- Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Del 2. Tystnad om problem på arbetsplatsen
- 2024
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Ingår i: Tystnadskultur? Två studier av Göteborgs stads organisation. Rapport 167. ISSN 1401-7199. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studien visar att det inte finns ett slags tystnad, men att tystnad förekommer i olika grad och på olika sätt inom Göteborgs stads förvaltningar. Genom intervjuer med fokusgrupper och enskilda framträder brister vad gäller återkoppling och förändring av de problem som påpekas, vilket i sin tur tenderar leda till att medarbetare i lägre grad artikulerar och rapporterar problem, risker och missförhållanden. Ett annat problem som framkommer i intervjuerna är skönmåleri, det vill säga att ledningen bitvis söker förmedla en mer positiv och problemfri bild av verksamheten än vad medarbetare upplever är fallet. Lotta Dellve och Gustaf Kastberg Weichselberger (red.)
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| 13. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972
(författare)
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En introduktion till korrespondensanalys
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vardagslivets korrespondenser, Tomas Berglund & Hilda Lennartsson (red) Utgiven i Forskningsrapportserien Sociologiska institutionen nr 138. - Göteborg : Göteborg University. ; , s. 161-180
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972
(författare)
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En kunskapens imperialism
- 2001
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Ingår i: Kritisk Utbildningstidskrift (KRUT). ; 2001:101
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Fall-related injuries for three ages groups - Analysis of Swedish registry data 1999-2013
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375. ; 73, s. 143-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze which factors (including factors pertaining to the individual, the household, and the local area) increase the risk of fall injuries for the three age groups with the highest risk for fall injuries in Sweden. Method: The study combined longitudinal data covering the period 1999-2013 from several different official registries from Statistics Sweden as well as from the Swedish health care system and fitted the models to data using mixed model regressions. Results: Three age groups had a markedly heightened risk for fall injuries: 1-3-year olds, 12-14 year olds, and the elderly (65+). The home was the most common location for fall injuries, as about 40% of all fall injuries occur in the home. Only for the elderly strong predictors for fall injuries were found, and these were: age, single household, and special housing. Conclusions: There is preventive potential in the special residences for the elderly and disabled. People living in these special residences make up a strongly selected group that needs extra safe environments. Our findings indicate that their needs are currently not meet.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972
(författare)
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Inte en gång till. Utvärdering av brottsförebyggande arbete med inriktning mot upprepad utsatthet : Not again. Evaluation of a crime preventive project targeting repeat victimisation
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report is an evaluation and documentation of a project aiming at preventing repeat victimisation (rv). Police reports collected during the project are also used to measure the extent of rv and to identify some patterns in the distribution of rv. The crime types investigated in this report are burglary in schools and small shops and non-lethal violent crimes. The project included professionals from the police and a local victim support service working together. The victims of violent crimes were offered help from the victim support service while the schools and small shops were contacted by the police. The project focused on supporting and empowering victims of violent crimes through informing victims about the juridical process, identifying high risk situations and -in the case of men’s violence against women with whom they live- motivating the women to separate from the man. To prevent repeat burglaries in schools the police informed and motivated the public company that hired out the buildings to the public schools to enhance the security, e.g. by installing unbreakable glass in the windows. The small shops that experienced a burglary were visited by the police officer and offered advice on how to prevent rv. Burglaries in schools was the crime type with highest levels of rv (80% of the police reports were preceded by at least one police report during the last 12 months). Survival analysis is used to analyse the effect of some background variables on the risk of rv. The only factor that has any measurable effect on the risk of rv is the number of previous crimes that the victim has experienced. Many victims rejected the offer of support that the professionals in the project gave them. There is no evidence that the support given from the professionals to the victims who did accept it decreased their risk of rv.
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| 19. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-state differences in caste-specific risks for child deprivation in India
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Poverty and Social Justice. - 1759-8273. ; 25:1, s. 3-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of caste has long been an important structural cause of poverty in India, with certain groups and communities socially and physically excluded from the benefits of national economic and social development. While differences between groups are often explained at national and state levels, this paper focuses instead on the issue of inter-state caste-specific risks of child poverty and basic needs deprivation. We show that while children from schedule caste and tribe (SC/ST) communities fare poorly at the national level, it need not be so given some states manage to protect SC/ST children, ensuring outcomes for them are on a par or better than for children from higher caste groups. Caste and tribe status need not condemn children to lives of poverty, and this paper identifies for policy makers where caste and tribe status remain important drivers of poverty and disparities for children. Tackling these would be a start for making India a more equitable society in coming decades. © Policy Press 2017 #JPSJ.
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| 20. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Juvenile firesetting in schools
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-6261 .- 1469-9680. ; 18:10, s. 1291-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines why, and under what circumstances, young people illegally set fire to schools. Utilizing court and police records from cases of illegal firesetting in Swedish schools where offenders were aged 21 or younger, a number of crime scene and offender characteristics are compiled and analysed using correspondence analysis. First, four main clusters of such characteristics are identified. Next, offenders' accounts of their motives are examined and factored in, with a total of six different types of school fires identified as a result: obstructing school activities, destroying evidence of school burglary, play vandalism, vindictive vandalism, psychiatric problems and school fire as a side effect. The types of school fires obtained are then classified into two main groups: school fires related to education and school fires unrelated to education. The findings show illegal firesetting in schools to be a much more complex phenomenon than previously recognized, and that accounts of motives can help us better understand this complexity and to develop apropriate preventive measures.
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| 21. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972
(författare)
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Mäns våld mot kvinnor i samband med separation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kön och våld i Norden, Rapport från en konferens i Køge, Danmark 23-24 november 2001. - 0908-6692. - 9289307994
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The text involves questions about definitions of, and prevalence of, and risk factors in relation to separation assault. Drawing on Martha Mahoney's concept of separation assault, a number of subsequent studies are summarised and discussed. Mahoney's definition, though theoretically progressive, has not been used consistently in any of these studies. In particular violence, including threats of violence, as a means of stopping or cancelling a separation, has been neglected. In different phases of the separation process men can be expected to have different motives for using violence, and it is stressed that future studies should put violent acts, or absence of any violent acts, in relation to these different phases. One such studiy, focusing on risks for women that separate, is outlined.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972
(författare)
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Separationer och mäns våld mot kvinnor : Separations and men's violence against women
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Men's violence against women is analysed in the context of heterosexual relationships which have ended. The process of separation and the negotiations on custody, visitation and maintenance are affected by men's use of violence and these processes also change the conditions for and the extent of that violence. Violence can be a reason for women to take the initiative in relation to separation and, at the same time, men can use violenee or threats of violence to negate women's initiative in seeking separation. Put differently, women's rights to end heterosexual relationships are violated by men's use of violence. The pur pose of the present study is to describe how, and to some extent explain why, men's use of violence against women varies over time in a relationship. Such knowledge can be applied in at least two areas: first, risk assessment by and for women who considel' starting a separation process; second, enhancing the way professionals work with negotiations between parents after separation. "Violence" is understood as an umbrella-concept covering a number of forms of violence, which in tum includes a number of different violent or violating acts. Different forms of violence vary different ly over time in a relationship. A survey of women with experience of separation, but not necessarily of violence, was used to gather information on men's violence from the first period of cohabitation to the period after separation and negotiations on custody. Before the process of separation was initiated, men 's use of violence often escalated. All forms of violence were relatively common during the 6 months prior to the decision to initiate separation. During and after separation, sexual and physical violence decreased or stopped completely for most women, while threats, wamings and psychological violence continued at about the same level as before. Very few men started using physical violence during or af ter the separation. Negotiations on custody, visitations or maintenance are affected by a father's lise of violence, in particular psychological violence, through a mother's fears. Professionals should improve the methods used if negotiations are to become fair in the sense of violence not giving advantages to fathers.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The more gender equity, the less child poverty? A multilevel analysis of malnutrition and health deprivation in 49 low- and middle-income countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X. ; 108, s. 221-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mothers are often perceived as key agents in safeguarding the interests of children. If the assumption that women, given the opportunity, are more likely than men to see to the interests of children is true, children can be expected to be less exposed to severe forms of deprivation in countries where women have a relatively strong position in society. The hypotheses that fewer children are exposed to health deprivation and to severe forms of food deprivation in countries where there is a high degree of gender equity are tested. A combination of country-level data and micro-level survey data, makes it possible to analyze whether and to what degree gender equity in a country only benefits children of mothers who have been able to take advantage of a high degree of gender equity or if it also benefits children of less resourceful mothers. The analysis is based on a combination of macro- and micro-data (N = 391,817) from 49 low- and middle income countries to analyze the relationship between gender equity and malnutrition, and gender equity and health deprivation among children. The results indicate that gender equity in education and employment decreases child malnutrition, and that women's empowerment decreases health deprivation for children with unschooled mothers. The results support the notion that women are instrumental in children's welfare. Even when we control for a whole range of both country-level and individual-level factors, gender equity at the country level still comes out as an important determinant of children's nutrition and access to health care. Thus, strengthening women's position is important if we wish to improve children's living conditions. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The rise and fall of injury prevention programs in Sweden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 2ned Nordic Meeting, Society for Risk Analysis Europe, in Gothenburg 14-15 november, 2016..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is a spin‐off from a project about injury events ‐ falling, cutting and poisoning ‐ in residental settings.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Engdahl, Emma, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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#Metoo. En kamp för socialt erkännande och rättvisa : #Metoo. A struggle for social recognition and justice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sociologisk Forskning, Swedish Sociological Association. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 58:3, s. 199-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- #Metoo. A struggle for social recognition and justice In the article Honneth’s theory of social recognition and Frickers’ theory of epistemic injustice is used to analyse testimonies of sexual harassment . The study is based on a content analysis of the testimonies about sexual harassment that are included in the 65 Swedish #metoo calls . Those who testified talk about what, with help of Honneth’s theory, can be described as a systematic withholding of social recognition . They are denied solidarity and rights through sexualized physical and psychological abuse, which has a negative impact on their basic self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem . In practice, the actions of the perpetrators result in both personal suffering for the women who has been subjected to sexual harassment and to the exclusion of them from social contexts . The latter takes place by the women either leaving the context in which they have been subjected to sexual harassment or to their participation in the context being conditional . For example, they must refrain from telling what they have been through or they lack support when they do . In the article, the difficulty of mobilizing support for those who are subjected to sexual harassment is interpreted as an effect of epistemic injustice .
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| 31. |
- Engström, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Caring time, working time and time for oneself: How men and women working atypical hours and caring for elderly relatives negotiate their time and commitments.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nya perspektiv på Kön och arbete, Stockholm 20 mars 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines how men and women, working atypical hours and caring for elderly relatives, negotiate responsibilities and commitments for their elderly relatives, in relation to family members. Negotiations are here understood as how people, through explicit decision making and though practises, shape the cognition of commitments and responsibilities. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with 20 persons on their working conditions and caring responsibilities. We find that cognitions of commitments and responsibilities are shaped in interaction in families not mainly through explicit negotiations but through practises shaping work and care discourses and definitions of identity, family culture, work commitment etc., thereby also (re-)shaping the practices. The division of care work in the family is negotiated in a context where public elderly care is available but not generally accepted as a viable alternative, making the definition of public elderly care as "good enough" one possible strategy. In the negotiation of commitments, gender is shaping and is shaped by other factors or arguments, e.g. family history, emotional closeness and family culture, used in accounting for the division of responsibility for care among siblings. These negotiations, and the conceptions and care practises they shape, are significant because they influence gender equality through defining the limits of commitments in the family and at work.
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| 32. |
- Engström, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Definitional processes and negotiations in family elderly care
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Sociological Association Conferance, Lisbon, 090902-05.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines how family care for elderly is arranged and how gender comes to play when family members negotiate responsibilities. Negotiations are here understood as how family members, through explicit decision making and though practises, shape the cognition of commitments and responsibilities. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with 20 persons, describing themselves as having the main responsibility for the care of an elderly relative. Respondents were interviewed about their caring responsibilities, working conditions, their views of their situation and how they coped with the organisation of their every day lives. We find that cognitions of commitments and responsibilities are shaped in interaction in families not mainly through explicit negotiations but through practises shaping work and care discourses and definitions of identity, family culture, work commitment etc., thereby also (re-)shaping the practices. The division of care work in the family is negotiated in a context where public elderly care is available but not generally accepted as a viable alternative, thus public care is also a topic of negotiation in the family. In the negotiations gender is shaping and is shaped by commitments and caring practice. These negotiations, and the conceptions and care practises they shape, are significant because they influence gender equality through defining the limits of commitments in the family and at work.
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| 33. |
- Halleröd, Björn, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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In-Work Poverty and Labour Market Trajectories: Poverty Risks among the Working Population in 22 European Countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish ESPAnet Annual Meeting, Stockholm 17-18 November 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Is in-work poverty a low-wage or an unemployment problem, and is it the same problem all across Europe? Because of the definitional ambiguity, we really do not know. In the present article, we use longitudinal EU-SILC data from 22 countries and derive a set of distinct clusters of labour market trajectories (LMT:s) from information about monthly labour market position from a 36-month observation window and estimate in-work poverty risk for each LMT. The results show that in-work poverty is a problem that affects the self-employed and people in a marginal labour market position, i.e., those who for different reasons move in and out of employment. Hence, in-work poverty is mainly an unemployment problem, not a low-wage problem. Besides the fact that the size of LMT:s varies between countries, we also expected to find systematic country differences in the effect of LMT:s. The analysis did not support that assumption.
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| 34. |
- Halleröd, Björn, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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In-work poverty and labour market trajectories: Poverty risks among the working population in 22 European Countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of European Social Policy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0958-9287 .- 1461-7269. ; 25:5, s. 473-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is in-work poverty a low-wage or an unemployment problem, and is it the same problem all across Europe? Because of the definitional ambiguity, we really do not know. In this article, we use longitudinal European Union-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data from 22 countries and derive a set of distinct clusters of labour market trajectories (LMTs) from information about monthly labour market position from a 36-month observation window and estimate in-work poverty risk for each LMT. The results show that in-work poverty is a problem that affects the self-employed and people in a marginal labour market position, that is, those who for different reasons move in and out of employment. Hence, in-work poverty is mainly an unemployment problem, not a low-wage problem. Besides the fact that the size of LMTs varies between countries, we also expected to find systematic country differences in the effect of LMTs. The analysis did not support that assumption.
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| 35. |
- Halleröd, Björn, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Is Democracy Associated with Reduction of Poverty, Child Mortality and Child Deprivation in Low-income Countries?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - 1874-897X. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is democracy related to lower poverty rates and better living conditions for children in developing countries? Multiple sources have confirmed that living conditions in low- and middle-income countries have improved significantly during the past decade. This development coincides with a period of economic growth and, until recently, a trend towards increasing democratization of many of the world's political systems. In the present paper, we use data from 51 low- and lower-middle-income countries covering the period 1995-2019 to analyse: poverty ($1.90/day), child mortality as well as the degree to which children are malnourished, deprived of immunization, and lack education. The central aim is to test whether democracy contributes to the decrease in poverty and improvement of children's living conditions. We also test whether the impact of democratization is conditional on political ideology, GDP, and corruption, i.e., whether democratization only is beneficial if combined with policies influenced by socialistic ideology, economic growth, or low corruption. Using data on living conditions from the World Bank, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), V-Dem project on democratization, and Global Leader Ideology database, we draw the following conclusions: Democratization does contribute to the decrease in poverty, child mortality, malnutrition and lack of immunization among children. However, the impact of democracy is conditioned on previous experience of leftist governments; democracy only improves living conditions in countries with a history of leftist governments. Least beneficial are leftist autocracies. We also conclude that democracy counterbalances the detrimental effects of corruption on children's school attendance.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Halleröd, Björn, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Religion and intra-household education gender gap: Are some religions worse than others?
- 2014
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Ingår i: MACHEquity Annula Meeting, Bangalore, September 10-12 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a large number of developing countries girls are more often deprived of education than boys are. Since boys and girls are allocated (almost) randomly within families, gender inequity in education attendance can only occur if parents treat siblings differently. Hence, we analyze intra-household gender inequality in school attendance, i.e., the degree to which parents treats their sons and daughters differently. Our focal interest is to investigate the role of religion, if parent’s religious affiliation is systematically related to intra household differences in school attendance. Since we are comparing a large number of countries we will also be able to say if a certain religion has the same association with intra household differences in school attendance in all countries. We will use large-scale survey data from a large number of developing countries. The original data comes from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) harmonized within the realm of the Global Micro Database (GMD) currently developed by University of Gothenburg and Bristol University.
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| 38. |
- Halleröd, Björn, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
The more gender equality, the less child poverty? A Multilevel analysis of 49 low- and middle income countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: MACHEquity Annula Meeting, Bangalore, September 10-12 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We test the hypothesis that children are exposed to severe forms of deprivation in countries where there is a high degree of everyday gender equality. We utilize a combination of macro- and micro-data (N=1,271,785) from 49 low- and middle-income countries to analyze the relationship between gender equality and malnutrition, lack of healthcare, and lack of education among children. The results indicate not only that gender equality decreases child deprivation, it also seems as though gender equality benefits the worst off children the most. Hence, promoting gender equality and strengthening women’s position in society are of the outmost importance.
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| 39. |
- Hasselgren, Caroline, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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APOE ε4 and the long arm of social inequity: estimated effects of socio-economic status and sex on the timing of dementia onset
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 39:9, s. 1951-1975
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele run a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia and a strongly age-related condition known to disproportionally affect women. Low educational attainment also stands out as a prominent risk factor, and it has been suggested that occupational class plays a similar role in disease susceptibility. Not yet fully explored, however, is the question of whether socio-economic status (SES) could moderate the effect of APOE ε4. In the present paper, we address this issue. As substantial inequities in workforce participation and educational opportunities have existed between men and women in previous generations, we further examine whether SES-related moderations of the relationship between dementia and APOE ε4 are sex-specific. Our analyses are based on a sample of 580 individuals from the H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Population Study on Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression, and the results suggest that while high SES postpones dementia onset among male APOE ε4 carriers, this is not the case for women. These findings underscore the long-term impact of social inequity on health as well as the importance of considering potential interactions between social and genetic risk factors if we are to understand better the complex aetiology of dementia.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Hasselgren, Caroline, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic status, gender and dementia: The influence of work environment exposures and their interactions with APOE ɛ4.
- 2018
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Ingår i: SSM - population health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 5, s. 171-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a well-established fact that unfavourable social and economic conditions have a negative impact on health and longevity. Recent findings suggest that this is also true of age-related dementias. Yet most common indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) say very little about the actual mechanisms at play in disease development. The present paper explores five work exposure characteristics, all of which have a clear social gradient, that could potentially shed further light on the relationship between SES and dementia. Specifically, it investigates whether these exposures could moderate the impact of a well-known genetic risk factor: the APOE ɛ4 allele. The empirical analyses are based on data from a Swedish population study (n = 1019). Main occupation was linked to The Job Exposure Matrix to estimate the individuals' exposure to the following work environment factors: work control, support, psychological demands, physical demands and job hazards. All analyses were conducted using binary logistic regression and focused specifically on gene-work exposure interactions. A significant main effect of work control on dementia risk was detected for males (OR = 0.68; p< 0.05), but not for females. However, control was found to significantly moderate the effect of APOE ɛ4 in both genders, albeit in different ways. These findings do not only underscore the importance of considering interactions between social and genetic risk factors to better understanding multifactorial diseases such as dementia. They also propose that gender- and class-based inequities interact, and hence must be considered simultaneously, also in relation to this particular disease.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Jansson, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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How experience affects assessment – a longitudinal study of assessment of university students’ essays
- 2019
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Ingår i: Studies in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0307-5079 .- 1470-174X. ; 44:4, s. 719-732
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study shows how experience changes the way examiners assess students ’ essays. Using a large number of written assessments, 192 examiners were followed over a period of five years, and the contents of their assessments were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that, with experience, examiners tended to make more positive remarks and provide more instructions. Qualitative analysis of the assessments showed that, with experience, some examiners tended to use less menu-marking and write more freely, providing instructions for the students rather than limiting themselves to evaluative text only. The assumption that it would be harder to govern examiners with more experience found no support in our study.
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| 46. |
- Kraamwinkel, Nadine, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of maternal agency on severe child undernutrition in conflict-ridden Nigeria: Modeling heterogeneous treatment effects with machine learning.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nigeria is one of the fastest growing African economies, yet struggles with armed conflict, poverty, and morbidity. An area of high concern is how this situation affects vulnerable families and their children. A key pathway in improving the situation for children in times of conflict is to reinforce maternal agency, for instance, through education. However, the state of the art of research lacks a clear understanding of how many years of education is needed before children benefit. Due to mother's differing social context and ability, the effect of maternal education varies. We study the heterogeneous treatment effects of maternal agency, here operationalized as length of education, on severe child undernutrition in the context of armed conflict. We deploy a repeated cross-sectional study design, using the Nigeria 2008 and 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The sample covers 25,917 children and their respective mothers. A key methodological challenge is to estimate this heterogeneity inductively. The causal inference literature proposes a machine learning approach, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), as a promising avenue to overcome this challenge. Based on BART-estimation of the Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) this study confirms earlier findings in that maternal education decreases severe child undernutrition, but only when mothers acquire an education that lasts more than the country's compulsory 9 years; that is 10 years of education and higher. This protective effect remains even during the exposure of armed conflict.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Skador och riskgrupper i hem- och boendemiljöer: populärvetenskaplig rapport
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skadehändelser som inträffar i hem- och boendemiljöer är ett utbrett fenomen i vårt samhälle och drabbar alla åldersgrupper. Med nya utmaningar i vår samtid, som en åldrande befolkning och förändringar i människors delaktighet och aktiveringsgrad, ställs annorlunda krav på såväl bostadens utformning som på det skadeförebyggande arbetet. Forskningsprojektet ArchSafe har haft som övergripande syfte att särskilt undersöka vilka grupper som löper den största risken att skadas av fall, skärning och förgiftning samt att undersöka i vilka typer av situationer som risken för dessa typer av skadehändelser kan anses som extra stor. Forskningsprojektet består av olika delstudier som tillsammans bildar en helhet. Projektet har fokuserat på tre områden 1) Risker och riskgrupper i samhället, 2) Skadehändelsernas förlopp, innebörd och konsekvens, 3) Hinder och möjligheter för mer säkra hem- och boendemiljöer genom skadeförebyggande arbete. Skadehändelser varierar i olika rum/platser. Vanligast är att man skadar sig i bostadsrum och sovrum, 35 procent av skadorna i hem- och boendemiljöer inträffar här. Olika åldersgrupper har olika skadepanorama i hemmet, men bostadsrum och sovrum är den vanligaste skadeplatser oavsett ålder. För barn och ungdomar (0-19 år), som har högre risk än vuxna och medelålders personer, sker näst flest skador i trädgården (22%). För den andra riskgruppen, de äldre, är vård- och omsorgsboende den näst vanligaste skadeplatsen (34% för gruppen 80+). Inom området unga/ungdomar har en avhandling inom projektet visat hur byggd miljö såväl påverkar som har möjlighet att förhindra uppkomst av skadehändelser. Tre områden har undersökts: oavsiktliga skador i bostaden, våldet i skolorna samt suicidplatser. De riskmiljöer som identifierats är entréer, trapphus, gårdar samt gångvägar.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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