| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Hogberg, L, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of active intervention on the spread of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in Swedish day-care centres
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 36:9, s. 629-635
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policies for handling cases of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) in day-care groups vary between different counties in Sweden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological effect of excluding PNSP-carriers from children's day-care centres (DCC). We followed the incidence in 14 DCC groups with ongoing PNSP-spread, by repeated group screens until no further cases could be identified. All identified carriers were excluded from DCC attendance in study area A (Skane region) while they remained in the group in study area B (Goteborg and Orebro), according to local policies. The intervention effect was evaluated by comparing the number of additional cases after the baseline screen (start of the intervention period) between the 2 study areas. All PNSP-isolates were characterized by resistance pattern, serotype and pulse-field gel electrophoresis. The relative risk for children in DCCs without active intervention was 6.4 (95% CI: 2.0-20.7). Each prevented case in area A can be estimated to have demanded the exclusion of 2 other children from day care for approximately 4 weeks each. The total cost-benefit outcome of this action has to be seen in the light of the local situation with regard to the population prevalence and the distribution of other risk factors.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Hogberg, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Sweden 1997-2003: Increased multiresistance despite stable prevalence and decreased antibiotic use
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Microbial Drug Resistance. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1076-6294 .- 1931-8448. ; 12:1, s. 16-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance patterns and capsular groups of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRP; MIC penicillin G >= 0.5 mg/ml) in Sweden between 1997 and 2003 were described, and trends in resistance and antibiotic sales during the same period were compared. The most common serogroups were in descending order 9, 19, 14, 23, and 6. Despite a low and stable annual PRP rate (proportion of PRP out of all pneumococci) of around 2% during the study period, the proportion of PRP resistant to other antibiotics increased. Of all tested PRP isolates, 82% were also resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 32% had additional resistance to tetracycline, and 26% to erythromycin. Antibiotic sales figures for all studied antibiotic subgroups decreased during the same period. Little correlation was found between antibiotic sales and PRP resistance rates, indicating that there are still other poorly defined factors contributing to the reported resistance levels in the population. However, although PRP strains in Sweden are becoming more commonly resistant to antibiotics other than beta-lactams, the low and further reduced antibiotic sales still might have delayed the development and rapid spread of PRP in the population.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Nilsson, U R, et al.
(författare)
-
Modification of the complement binding properties of polystyrene : effects of end-point heparin attachment.
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 37:3, s. 349-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, conjugation of heparin to biomaterials has been shown to improve its biocompatibility. The purpose of the present work was to compare complement activation and binding of C3 to unmodified and heparin-treated polystyrene surfaces of microtitre plates. When polystyrene was incubated with human serum, C3 was deposited on the surface by both adsorption and binding dependent on activation of the classical (CPW) and alternative (APW) pathways. After end-point attachment of heparin, significant C3 deposition, although at reduced levels, occurred only by CPW-mediated mechanisms, while adsorption and APW-mediated binding were strongly reduced. Generally, the modified surface bound lower amounts of protein, e.g. serum albumin and IgG, than the unmodified. By contrast, it had increased affinity for C1q which leads to binding of C1 and activation of complement via the CPW. Nevertheless, the net effect of the surface modification on the complement reaction was an overall reduction of C3 binding due to obliteration of APW. This can be related to an enhanced factor H/I-dependent down-regulation of C3b and to the lowered protein-adsorbing property of the surface, both of which have inhibitory effects on APW and on the C3 shunt-dependent activation of the complement system.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Wenzel, H. H. B., et al.
(författare)
-
A federated approach to identify women with early-stage cervical cancer at low risk of lymph node metastases
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 185, s. 61-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lymph node metastases (pN+) in presumed early-stage cervical cancer negatively impact prognosis. Using federated learning, we aimed to develop a tool to identify a group of women at low risk of pN+, to guide the shared decision-making process concerning the extent of lymph node dissection.Methods: Women with cervical cancer between 2005 and 2020 were identified retrospectively from population-based registries: the Danish Gynaecological Cancer Database, Swedish Quality Registry for Gynaecologic Cancer and Netherlands Cancer Registry. Inclusion cri-teria were: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma; The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 IA2, IB1 and IIA1; treatment with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node assessment. We applied privacy-preserving federated logistic regression to identify risk factors of pN+. Significant factors were used to stratify the risk of pN+. Results: We included 3606 women (pN+ 11%). The most important risk factors of pN+ were lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (odds ratio [OR] 5.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.59-5.79), tumour size 21-40 mm (OR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.89-2.43) and depth of invasion > 10 mm (OR 1.81, 95% CI, 1.59-2.08). A group of 1469 women (41%)-with tumours without LVSI, tumour size 520 mm, and depth of invasion 510 mm-had a very low risk of pN + (2.4%, 95% CI, 1.7-3.3%). Conclusion: Early-stage cervical cancer without LVSI, a tumour size 520 mm and depth of invasion 510 mm, confers a low risk of pN+. Based on an international privacy-preserving analysis, we developed a useful tool to guide the shared decision-making process regarding lymph node dissection.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 19. |
- Abrahamsson, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Marine algae - a source of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 40:7, s. 1321-1326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our results show the natural production of two olefins, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, by various marine macroalgae and a microalga. We found significant difference in the ability of the algae to produce these compounds. The production rates for trichloroethylenevaried between 0.022 and 3,400 ng g-l fresh wt (FW)h-l and were generally higher than those for perchloroethylene(0.0026-8.2 ng g-l FW h-l). The two subtropicalalgae, Asparagopsis taxiformis and Falkenbergia hillebrandii,showed the highest formation rates. One axenicmarine red microalga, Porphyridium purpureum, was alsotested and it could also produce trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene.The measured rates suggest that the emissionof trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from theoceans to the atmosphere may be of such a magnitude thatit cannot be neglected in the global atmospheric chlorinebudget.
|
|
| 20. |
- Ahl, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
-
Immune response in blood before and after epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory processes may provoke epileptic seizures and seizures may promote an immune reaction. Hence, the systemic immune reaction is a tempting diagnostic and prognostic marker in epilepsy. We explored the immune response before and after epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Serum samples collected from patients with videoEEG-verified temporal or frontal lobe epilepsy (TLE or FLE) or TLE + PNES showed increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in between seizures (interictally), compared to controls. Patients with PNES had no increase in IL-6. The IL-6 levels increased transiently even further within hours after a seizure (postictally) in TLE but not in FLE patients. The postictal to interictal ratio of additionally five immune factors were also increased in TLE patients only. We conclude that immune factors have the potential to be future biomarkers for epileptic seizures and that the heterogeneity among different epileptic and non-epileptic seizures may be disclosed in peripheral blood sampling independent of co-morbidities.
|
|
| 21. |
- Ahrenstedt, O, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced local production of complement components in the small intestines of patients with Crohn's disease.
- 1990
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 322:19, s. 1345-1349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is evidence that complement components may be formed locally in inflammatory lesions containing monocytes and macrophages. To investigate the role of complement in Crohn's disease we measured jejunal-fluid concentrations of the complement components C4, C3, and factor B by perfusion of a closed segment of the jejunum in 22 patients with Crohn's disease thought to be limited to the terminal ileum. The mean (+/- SEM) jejunal-fluid C4 concentration was 2.0 +/- 0.3 mg per liter, significantly higher than the mean level in 35 healthy controls (0.7 +/- 0.1 mg per liter; P less than 0.001). The mean C3 concentration was 1.0 +/- 0.1 mg per liter in the patients and 0.7 +/- 0.1 mg per liter in the controls (P less than 0.05). The factor B levels were similar in the two groups. Calculated rates of intestinal secretion of these components showed differences of the same magnitude. Leakage of protein from plasma was not increased. The jejunal-fluid:serum ratios of these complement proteins indicated that their appearance in the lumen of the jejunum was due to at least in part to local mucosal synthesis. The increased jejunal secretion of C4, but not C3 or factor B, paralleled the clinical activity of Crohn's disease. Values were normal in first-degree relatives of the patients (n = 13), patients with celiac disease (n = 8), and patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 4). We conclude that increased secretion of complement by clinically unaffected jejunal tissue in patients with Crohn's disease reflects the systemic nature of this disorder and may be due to the stimulated synthesis of complement by activated intestinal monocytes and macrophages.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Askling, HH, et al.
(författare)
-
Malaria risk in travelers
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Emerging infectious diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 11:3, s. 436-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 26. |
- Askling, HH, et al.
(författare)
-
Travellers returning to Sweden with falciparum malaria: Pre-travel advice, behaviour, chemoprophylaxis and diagnostic delay
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 37:10, s. 760-765
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated pre-travel advice, behaviour, chemoprophylaxis and diagnostic delay in travellers returning to Sweden with falciparum malaria. Questionnaires were distributed to patients having been notified with falciparum malaria from 1994 to 2001. Of 408 notified patients, 237 (58%) returned the questionnaires; 62% were males and 43% above the age of 45 y. Africa was the travel destination in 90% of the cases, and 27% had travelled to Kenya. 69% had spent more than 1 night in the countryside, and 6% had stayed in modern urban areas only. 40% took an adequate dose of chemoprophylaxis, although this proportion decreased from 55% to 12% during the study period. Nine per cent used both bed nets and mosquito repellents regularly. The median time from onset of symptoms to contact with health care professionals was 2 d, and from that contact to start of malaria treatment the median time was less than 24 h.
|
|
| 27. |
- Bergman, Ingrid-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Extensive polymorphism in the porcine Toll-like receptor 10 gene
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Immunogenetics. - 1744-3121 .- 1744-313X. ; 39:1, s. 68-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The great importance of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity is well established, but one family member – TLR10 – remains elusive. TLR10 is expressed in various tissues in several species, but its ligand is not known and its function is still poorly understood. The open reading frame of TLR10 was sequenced in 15 wild boars, representing three populations, and in 15 unrelated domestic pigs of Hampshire, Landrace and Large White origin. Amino acid positions corresponding to detected nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in the crystal structures determined for the human TLR1–TLR2–lipopeptide complex and the human TLR10 Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) dimer. SNP occurrence in wild boars and domestic pigs was compared, and haplotypes for the TLR10 gene and the TLR6-1-10 gene cluster were reconstructed. Despite the limited number of animals sequenced in the present study (N = 30), a larger number of SNPs were found in TLR10 than recently reported for TLR1, TLR6 and TLR2. Thirty-three SNPs were detected, of which 20 were nonsynonymous. The relative frequency of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) SNPs between wild boars and domestic pigs was higher in TLR10 than recently reported for TLR1, TLR6 and TLR2. However, the polymorphism reported in the present study seems to leave the function of the TLR10 molecule unaffected. Furthermore, no nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in the part of the gene corresponding to the hinge region of the receptor, probably reflecting rigorously acting functional constraint. The total number of SNPs and the number of nonsynonymous SNPs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the wild boars than in the domestic pigs, and fewer TLR10 haplotypes were present in the wild boars. The majority of the TLR6-1-10 haplotypes were specific for either wild boars or domestic pigs, probably reflecting differences in microbial environment and population history.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Coulombier, D, et al.
(författare)
-
H5N1 influenza and the implications for Europe
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138 .- 1468-5833. ; 331:7514, s. 413-414
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Earnshaw, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
European Antibiotic Awareness Day, 2008 - the first Europe-wide public information campaign on prudent antibiotic use : methods and survey of activities in participating countries
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - 1025-496X. ; 14:30, s. 19280-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is a major European and global public health problem and is, for a large part, driven by misuse of antibiotics. Hence, reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, particularly for the treatment of certain respiratory tract infections where they are not needed, is a public health priority. The success of national awareness campaigns to educate the public and primary care prescribers about appropriate antibiotic use in Belgium and France stimulated a European initiative coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and named European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD), to take place each year on 18 November. Specific campaign materials, including key messages, logos, slogans and a media toolkit, were developed and made available for use in European countries. The focus of the first EAAD campaign was about not taking antibiotics for viral infections such as colds and flu. A post-campaign survey was conducted in January 2009. Thirty-two European countries participated in the first EAAD, producing information materials and implementing activities to mark EAAD. Media coverage peaked on 18 and 19 November. At EU level, EAAD was launched at a scientific meeting in the European Parliament, Strasbourg. The event received EU political engagement through support from the EU Commissioner for Health, the Slovenian and French EU Presidencies, and Members of the European Parliament. Critical factors that led to the success of the first EAAD were good cooperation and process for building the campaign, strong political and stakeholder support and development of campaign materials based on scientific evidence. Countries indicated wide support for another EAAD in 2009. For this purpose, ECDC is developing several TV spots as well as a second set of EAAD campaign materials targeting primary care prescribers.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Ekdahl, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of immunoglobulin isotype levels in acute pneumococcal bacteremia and in convalescence
- 1994
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. - 1435-4373. ; 13:5, s. 374-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 48 patients with a history of a pneumococcal bacteremia, serum taken during the acute phase of the infection was analyzed for IgG and IgG subclasses. Once the patients were free of infection, a serum sample was analyzed for IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM. In an additional 20 patients, it was only possible to analyze serum from the infection-free phase. Seventeen of 48 (35%) patients had reduced levels of total IgG or of one or more of the IgG subclasses during acute disease. Of the 48 patients in whom both acute phase and infection-free phase serum were analyzed, values of IgG (p < 0.001), IgG1 (p < 0.001), IgG2 (p < 0.001), IgG3 (p < 0.01) and IgG4 (p < 0.01) were decreased during the acute infection. During the infection-free phase, 12 of 68 (18%) patients had a recognizable immunodeficiency, including two patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Routine screening for immunoglobulins during the infection-free period could result in the discovery of previously unrecognized immunoglobulin deficiencies in patients with a history of bacteremic pneumococcal infection.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Ekdahl, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis?
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Unlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. Known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases. Discussion: We put forward the hypothesis that flies play a more important role in the transmission of the bacteria, than has previously been recognized. Factors supporting this hypothesis are: 1) the low infective dose of Campylobacter, 2) the ability of flies to function as mechanical vectors, 3) a ubiquitous presence of the bacteria in the environment, 4) a seasonality of the disease with summer peaks in temperate regions and a more evenly distribution over the year in the tropics, 5) an age pattern for campylobacteriosis in western travellers to the tropics suggesting other routes of transmission than food or water, and finally 6) very few family clusters. Summary: All the evidence in favour of the fly hypothesis is circumstantial and there may be alternative explanations to each of the findings supporting the hypothesis. However, in the absence of alternative explanations that could give better clues to the evasive epidemiology of Campylobacter infection, we believe it would be unwise to rule out flies as important mechanical vectors also of this disease. © 2005 Ekdahl et al, licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Ekdahl, K N, et al.
(författare)
-
Defective Fc receptor-mediated clearance in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 101:4, s. 1076-1082
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fc receptor-mediated clearance of immunoglobulin G-coated autologous erythrocytes was studied in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 14), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 5) and healthy reference individuals (n = 14). The mean half-life of the sensitized erythrocytes was significantly prolonged in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (85 +/- 25 minutes; P less than 0.001) compared with the corresponding value in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (16 +/- 2 minutes) and healthy reference individuals (20 +/- 5 minutes), respectively. No correlation between clearance rate and age, liver histopathology, or serum levels of bilirubin, aminotransferases, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, and Clq binding or C3-containing immune complexes was found. The results presented here indicate a profound disturbance of Fc receptor-mediated immune clearance function in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
|
|
| 39. |
- Ekdahl, K N, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased phosphate content in complement component C3, fibrinogen, vitronectin, and other plasma proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus : covariation with platelet activation and possible association with thrombosis.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 40:12, s. 2178-2186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether extracellular phosphorylation of plasma proteins takes place in vivo in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), to determine possible correlations between phosphate levels and clinical and/or laboratory parameters, and to identify individual phosphorylated plasma proteins.METHODS: Sera from SLE patients were analyzed for total amounts of protein-bound phosphate by a colorimetric technique, and for levels of beta-thromboglobulin by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the ability of these sera to activate platelets, resulting in the release of protein kinase, was tested using an assay in which platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors was incubated with sera or immune complexes from SLE patients. In this assay, [gamma-32P]ATP was added, and 32P-labeled C3 was quantified. Phosphate in individual proteins was detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS: 32P-labeled, activated platelets were able to phosphorylate exogenously added proteins, without the addition of ATP or cations. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors became activated by sera or by polyethylene glycol-precipitated immune complexes from patients with SLE, which led to the extracellular phosphorylation of plasma proteins, exemplified in the C3 assay. The phosphate content in plasma proteins was increased in SLE patients with previous thrombosis. The degree of phosphorylation increased up to 3-fold in serial samples obtained from 2 SLE patients during periods of disease exacerbation. Substantial phosphate increases were seen in C3 and fibrinogen. The changes were linked to platelet activation because of the observed covariation with the levels of beta-thromboglobulin.CONCLUSION: In SLE patients, the phosphate content in plasma proteins (including C3 and fibrinogen) increases due to platelet activation.
|
|
| 40. |
- Ekdahl, K N, et al.
(författare)
-
Phosphorylation of complement component C3 and C3 fragments by a human platelet protein kinase. Inhibition of factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b.
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 154:12, s. 6502-6510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylation of C3 in vitro has been shown previously to lead to significantly altered function of the protein. Platelets are known to contain and release considerable amounts of protein kinases and ATP, which are prerequisites for protein phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether C3 is phosphorylated extracellularly by human platelets. Platelet-rich plasma was stimulated by human aggregated gamma-globulin or ADP. The remaining cells were removed by centrifugation, and the plasma was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. After precipitation with Sepharose-bound Abs to C3c followed by SDS-PAGE, it was shown that C3 was phosphorylated in the alpha-chain by a protein kinase dependent on Mn2+, Ca2+, or Mg2+ ions. The supernatant from washed, activated platelets was incubated with purified C3 or soluble or activated thiol Sepharose-bound C3b, together with [gamma-32P]ATP. Phosphorylation was seen in the alpha-chain of C3, and to the same extent in the alpha'-chain of both C3b preparations. The analysis of acid hydrolysate demonstrated that C3 contained 32P-labeled Thr and 32P-labeled Ser. After extensive proteolysis with trypsin, the major phosphorylation site was located to a peptide of 3 to 4 kDa that was bound to the activated thiol Sepharose via the free sulphydryl group in the C3d fragment. Incubation of phosphorylated C3b with factors I and H showed that phosphorylation inhibited the cleavage of the alpha'-chain of C3b. The results in this study suggest that phosphorylation is a regulator of C3 during platelet activation induced, for example, by immune complexes.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Ekdahl, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Travellers returning to Sweden as sentinels for comparative disease incidence in other European countries, campylobacter and giardia infection as examples
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - : European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC). - 1560-7917. ; 9:9, s. 3-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparable figures on disease incidence between countries are difficult to attain. We therefore compared risk of infection for Swedes going to other European countries. We took as the numerator the number of imported cases from European countries of campylobacter and giardia infection in the national Swedish surveillance database, and as the denominator, the number of visitors to each country from a commercial database on foreign travel. Risk of infection in tourists was also compared to national incidence figures for a selection of countries.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Ekdahl, Natascha, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive Reserve, Early Cognitive Screening, and Relationship to Long-Term Outcome after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to investigate the relationship between early global cognitive functioning using the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) and cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test (TMT), TMT B-A), with long-term outcome assessed by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index (MPAI-4) in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) controlling for the influence of cognitive reserve, age, and injury severity. Of 114 patients aged 18–65 with acute Glasgow Coma Scale 3–8, 41 patients were able to complete (BNIS) at 3 months after injury and MPAI-4 5–8 years after injury. Of these, 33 patients also completed TMT at 3 months. Global cognition and cognitive flexibility correlated significantly with long-term outcome measured with MPAI-4 total score (rBNIS = 0.315; rTMT = 0.355). Global cognition correlated significantly with the participation subscale (r = 0.388), while cognitive flexibility correlated with the adjustment (r = 0.364) and ability (r = 0.364) subscales. Adjusting for cognitive reserve and acute injury severity did not alter these relationships. The effect size for education on BNIS and TMT scores was large (d ≈ 0.85). Early screenings with BNIS and TMT are related to long-term outcome after sTBI and seem to measure complementary aspects of outcome. As early as 3 months after sTBI, educational level influences the scores on neuropsychological screening instruments.
|
|
| 48. |
- Ekdahl, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Family skills training in dialectical behaviour therapy : The experience of the significant others
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 33:S1, s. S210-S210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric health problem with reputation of being difficult to deal with and to treat. Significant others (SOs) of patients with BPD show higher levels of psychological distress compared with the general population. Strengthening the coping strategies of SOs plays an important role in the recovery of the patient. Support and education for SOs is important, both for SOs themselves and for the patients recovery.ObjectivesResearch around support and education for SOs is of great importance not only for SOs and patients, but also for psychiatric staff, in order to offer help and support, for the whole family.AimThe aim was to describe significant others’ experiences of dialectical behaviour therapy-family skills training (DBT-FST), their life situation before and after DBT-FST, and measurement of their levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms.MethodsThe study had a descriptive mixed method design. Data were collected with free text questionnaires (n = 44), group interviews (n = 53) and the HAD scale (n = 52) and analysed by qualitative content analysis and descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe results show that life before DBT-FST was a struggle. DBT-FST gave hope for the future and provided strategies, helpful in daily life. For the subgroup without symptoms of anxiety and depression before DBT-FST, anxiety increased significantly. For the subgroup with symptoms of anxiety and depression the symptoms decreased significantly. This indicates, despite increased anxiety for one group, that DBT-FST is a beneficial intervention and most beneficial for those with the highest anxiety and depressive symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
|
|
| 49. |
- Ekdahl, V., et al.
(författare)
-
There is no general use of thromboprophylaxis and prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a nation-wide survey of ACL surgeons in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 28:8, s. 2535-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The use of prophylaxis for thromboembolism and infection in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is not well documented and no general guidelines have been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ACL surgeons' individual strategies of thromboprophylaxis, use of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis and vancomycin-soaked ACL grafts, and if its use is supported in the current literature. Additionally, the rationale for use of tourniquet was analysed. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to all Swedish ACL surgeons who are registered in the Swedish Knee Ligament Register (SKLR), asking about prescription of thromboprophylaxis, prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis, the use of vancomycin-soaked graft and the use of a tourniquet during surgery. The responses were assessed for agreement and the thromboprophylaxis data were analysed in relation to the 2016 SKLR data. Results 115 (75%) ACL surgeons responded to the survey. 81.7% prescribed thromboprophylaxis only when risk factors, such as history of thrombosis and the use of oral contraceptives, were present. Female gender, older age and admitted patient were considered the risk factors with the lowest impact. The respondents were generally restrictive regarding the use of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis. The use of vancomycin-soaked graft was used by only nine (8%) surgeons representing 406 (13%) of the surgeries. Conclusion Swedish ACL surgeons are generally restrictive using thromboprophylaxis and only when risk factors are present. However, there is a lack of consensus in how to weigh the different risk factors and it does not completely adhere to the existing literature. Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis is rarely used and the use of vancomycin soaking of graft is very limited and applies only to a small number of surgeons. The use of tourniquet is common. There is a need for ACL-specific guidelines regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
