| 1. |
- Kärrholm, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic co-operation between employer, occupational health service and social insurance office : A 6-year follow-up of vocational rehabilitation for people on sick-leave, including economic benefits
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 40:8, s. 628-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effects of systematic co-operation among municipal employees on the number of sick-leave days per month and the type of benefit granted by the Social Insurance Office. A further aim was to evaluate the economic consequences for society.Design: A 6-year follow-up study with a matched-pairs design.Methods: Days on sick-leave were calculated for each subject one year before the intervention started and yearly for the following 6-year period. Statistical mixed-model analysis was used. The economic benefit of the intervention was estimated as the increased production stemming from fewer days on sick-leave.Subjects: Sixty-four employees on long-term sick-leave were individually matched with controls from another Social Insurance Office in a county with a socioeconomic structure similar to that of the study group.Results: The study group had 5.7 fewer days on sick-leave per month and person over the 6-year period (p=0.003). The estimated average economic benefit of the intervention was (sic)36,600 per person over the 6-year period. In conclusion, those who received systematic co-operation in vocational rehabilitation had fewer days on sick-leave than their ""treatment-as-usual"" peers. This effect persisted over 6 years, generating substantial net economic gains for society.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Becker, Sascha O., et al.
(författare)
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Offshoring and the onshore composition of tasks and skills
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of International Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1996 .- 1873-0353. ; 90:1, s. 91-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the relationship between offshoring and the onshore workforce composition in German multinational enterprises (MNEs), using plant data that allow us to discern tasks, occupations, and workforce skills. Offshoring is associated with a statistically significant shift towards more non-routine and more interactive tasks, and with a shift towards highly educated workers. The shift towards highly educated workers is in excess of what is implied by changes in either the task or the occupational composition. Offshoring to low-income countries-with the exception of Central and Eastern European countries-is associated with stronger onshore responses. We find offshoring to predict between 10 and 15% of observed changes in wage-bill shares of highly educated workers and measures of non-routine and interactive tasks.
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| 6. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish multinational corporations : recent trends in foreign activities
- 1996
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents recent trends in the foreign activities of Swedish multinationals. The focus is on the distribution of production and R&D between the MNCs' domestic and foreign units, and the pattern of trade within the firms. Issues concerning entry modes and the importance of information technology in coordinating geographically dispersed production are also highlighted. Despite considerable improvements in the conditions for industrial activities in Sweden, the trend towards increased internationalization of Swedish firms has continued. After a noticeable increase in the share of foreign production located in the former European Community between 1986 and 1990, the recent development suggests a return to a regional distribution of foreign activities similar to the one prevailing in 1986. In the 1990s the increase in foreign production by Swedish MNCs has been concentrated to the NAFTA-countries, Asia and Eastern Europe. Another striking result is the pronounced increase in the share of foreign R&D that has taken place between 1990 and 1994.
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| 11. |
- Ekholm, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Location of R&D and high-tech production by vertically integrated multinationals
- 2007
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Ingår i: Economic Journal. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1468-0297 .- 0013-0133. ; 117:518, s. 512-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article extends the theory of multinational firms by allowing for agglomeration forces in firm-level activities such as R&D as well as in production. We develop a two-country general-equilibrium model where firms make separate choices about the location of R&D and production. There are R&D spillovers and a home-market effect creating incentives for firms to locate production in the relatively large market. For relatively weak R&D spillovers and intermediate trade costs, the smaller economy tends to specialise in R&D. While skilled labour may gain from hosting an agglomeration of R&D activities, unskilled labour.
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| 12. |
- Ekholm, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Lokalisering av FoU
- 2007
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Ingår i: Varför FoU?. - : SNS Förlag.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ekholm, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Relative wages and trade-induced changes in technology
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier B.V. - 1873-572X .- 0014-2921. ; 49:6, s. 1637-1663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a model where trade liberalization leads to skill-biased technological change, which in turn raises the relative return to skilled labor. When firms get access to a larger market, the relative profitability of different technologies changes in favor of the more skill-intensive technology. As the composition of firms changes to one with predominantly skill-intensive firms, the relative demand for skilled labor increases. This way, we establish a link between trade, technology and relative returns to skilled and unskilled labor.
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| 18. |
- Ekholm, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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The next of kin experiences of symptoms and distress among patients with colorectal cancer : diagnosis and treatment affecting the life situation
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 17:2, s. 125-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo identify symptoms/distress among patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy, from the viewpoint of the next of kin, and to establish whether there are any barriers to reporting these problems.MethodsIndividual face-to-face interviews with fourteen next of kin were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.ResultsThree areas were identified: symptoms presented, barriers to reporting symptoms/distress, and influences on life for the next of kin. Nine symptoms were raised as most common by the next of kin. Almost all the next of kin denied that they had experienced any barriers to reporting symptoms/distress but some did exist, namely barriers to proper communication and barriers of time. The next of kin made another interpretation of barriers; they did not interpret it as hinder or obstacle. All next of kin talked to a large extent about how the patient's disease and treatment affected them as next of kin. It affected them psychologically, they had to re-valuate their life, and it influenced their social life.ConclusionsThe symptoms reported during chemotherapy were similar to those found in other studies on patients. Barriers to reporting symptoms were mentioned, but not to a great extent. Although it was not the main purpose of the study, the next of kin raised concerns about the patient's disease and treatment and how it influenced next of kin life.
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| 19. |
- Ekholm, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Trade and location with horizontal and vertical multi-region firms
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Scandinavian journal of economics. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1467-9442 .- 0347-0520. ; 103:1, s. 101-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyse the effect on agglomeration tendencies of allowing multi-region firms in a standard trade and location model, the core–periphery (CP) model developed by Kurgman (1991). The introduction of horizontal multi-region firms mitigates the agglomeration effects found in the CP model by reducing the range of trade costs for which the core–periphery equilibrium occurs. The introduction of vertical multi-region firms that separate the location of headquarters and plants has two counteracting effects. While headquarters exhibit a strong tendency to concentrate, plants tend to spread out. The equilibrium is always asymmetric in spite of the underlying symmetry of the model.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Lindholm, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of ancestral haplotypes in a 12-generation schizophrenia pedigree
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychiatric Genetics. - Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0955-8829 .- 1473-5873. ; 14:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We searched for candidate chromosomal regions inherited identical by descent in 19 patients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder that are related 12 generations back, to an ancestral couple born in the middle of the seventeenth century. To accomplish this goal, we constructed complete chromosomal haplotypes for each patient using genotype data from 450 markers. In total, 12 haplotype regions (with sizes ranging from 0.6 to 10.9 cM) constituted by three markers each were identical in three or more of the affected individuals. The largest genomic segment was located on 6q25, a region previously shown to be significantly more frequent in patients than controls, and proposed to contain a schizophrenia susceptibility locus. For the remaining 11 candidate haplotypes, we estimated haplotype frequencies from all the 43 affected members collected from the same family and 46 unrelated control individuals. This analysis indicated that at least four of the 11 candidate haplotypes are ancestral, since the frequencies were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Five additional haplotypes showed higher estimated frequencies in the patients but the differences were not significant. Interestingly, five of these 11 genomic regions are located in, or close to, candidate regions previously suggested to contain susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. The regions are 5q21-23, 8p21-22, 1 0p13-15, 13q12-13 and 22q12-13. Several of these haplotypes are probably ancestral linkage disequilibrium blocks inherited from the original couple. There exists, however, the possibility that one or more of these regions harbour schizophrenia susceptibility loci that may have epistatic interactions among them.
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| 22. |
- Åberg, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Human QKI, a New Candidate Gene for Schizophrenia Involved in Myelination
- 2005
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Ingår i: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics. - Malden : Wiley. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 141B:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that chromosome 6q25-6q27 includes a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia in a large pedigree from northern Sweden. In this study, we fine-mapped a 10.7 Mb region, included in this locus, using 42 microsatellites or SNP markers. We found a 0.5 Mb haplotype, likely to be inherited identical by decent, within the large family that is shared among the majority of the patients (69%). A gamete competition test of this haplotype in 176 unrelated nuclear families from the same geographical area as the large family showed association to schizophrenia (empirical P-value 0.041). The only gene located in the region, the quaking homolog, KH domain RNA binding (mouse) (QKI), was investigated in human brain autopsies from 55 cases and 55 controls using a high-resolution mRNA expression analysis. Relative mRNA expression levels of two QKI splice variants were clearly downregulated in schizophrenic patients (P-value 0.0004 and 0.03, respectively). The function of QKI has not been studied in humans, but the mouse homolog is involved in neural development and myelination. In conclusion, we present evidence from three unrelated sample-sets that propose the involvement of the QKI gene in schizophrenia. The two family based studies suggest that there may be functional variants of the QKI gene that increase the susceptibility of schizophrenia in northern Sweden, whereas the case-control study suggest that splicing of the gene may be disturbed in schizophrenic patients from other geographical origins. Taken together, we propose QKI as a possible target for functional studies related to the role of myelination in schizophrenia.
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| 23. |
- Östbring, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and functionality of appetite-reducing thylakoid powders produced by three different drying processes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142. ; 98:4, s. 1554-1565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Thylakoids, a chloroplast membrane extracted from green leaves, are a promising functional ingredient with appetite-reducing properties via their lipase-inhibiting effect. Thylakoids in powder form have been evaluated in animal and human models, but no comprehensive study has been conducted on powder characteristics. The aim was to investigate the effects of different isolation methods and drying techniques (drum-drying, spray-drying, freeze-drying) on thylakoids' physicochemical and functional properties. RESULTS: Freeze-drying yielded thylakoid powders with the highest lipase-inhibiting capacity. We hypothesize that the specific macromolecular structures involved in lipase inhibition were degraded to different degrees by exposure to heat during spray-drying and drum-drying. We identified lightness (Hunter's L-value), greenness (Hunter's a-value), chlorophyll content and emulsifying capacity to be correlated to lipase-inhibiting capacity. Thus, to optimize the thylakoids functional properties, the internal membrane structure indicated by retained green colour should be preserved. This opens possibilities to use chlorophyll content as a marker for thylakoid functionality in screening processes during process optimization. CONCLUSION: Thylakoids are heat sensitive, and a mild drying technique should be used in industrial production. Strong links between physicochemical parameters and lipase inhibition capacity were found that can be used to predict functionality. The approach from this study can be applied towards production of standardized high-quality functional food ingredients.
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