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- Sundberg, K., et al.
(författare)
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The sense of coherence scale in a clinical nursing perspective: A scoping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 31:11-12, s. 1428-1439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The concept of sense of coherence explains a person's resources to maintain health during times of considerable strain and is suggested to be applicable in nursing. A summary of how it has been applied and adapted in clinical nursing is warranted for further conceptual development and research. Objective The scoping review aimed to explore how the sense of coherence scale has been used from a clinical nursing research perspective. Method Published articles (N = 2812) through December 2018 were identified in the PubMed, Cinahl and PsychInfo databases. A total of 298 articles were included in the review. A five-stage process was used to extract data based on pre-determined selection criteria. Summative content analysis was used for the categorisation of the data. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was chosen. Results A majority of the articles were published within the Nordic countries and the short version SOC-13 was the most frequently used scale. Most studies stated the significant relationship of a higher sense of coherence and higher emotional and psychosocial well-being, quality of life, and well-being irrespective of condition. Other articles proposed identifying patients' degree of sense of coherence either to individualise care or to plan an intervention to strengthen sense of coherence. Conclusions The sense of coherence scale has been widely used within nursing and identified as an important factor to individualise care. Future research should focus on rigorous intervention studies to determine if recognising patients' degree of sense of coherence in clinical nursing enables tailored care for patients when dealing with a disease-related condition. More evidence is needed when seeking to improve sense of coherence. Relevance to clinical practice These results show an expansion of the concept of sense of coherence and endorses its use in nursing care for identifying patients' needs in the process of presenting individualised care.
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- Eklof, Bo G., et al.
(författare)
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Revised CEAP classification for chronic verrous disorders
- 2005
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Ingår i: Phlebologie. - 0939-978X. ; 34:4, s. 220-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders (CVD) was developed in 1994 by an international ad hoc committee of the American Venous Forum, endorsed by the Society for Vascular Surgery, and incorporated into "Reporting Standards in Venous Disease" in 1995. Today most published clinical papers use all or portions of CEAP. Rather than have it stand as a static classification system, an ad hoc committee of the American Venous Forum, working with an international liaison committee, has recommended a number of practical changes, detailed in this consensus report. These include refinement of several definitions used in describing CVD; refinement of the C classes of CEAP, addition of the descriptor n (no venous abnormality identified); elaboration of the date of classification and level of investigation; and as a simpler alternative to the full (advanced) CEAP classification, introduction of a basic CEAP version. It is important to stress that CEAP is a descriptive classification, whereas venous severity scoring and quality of life scores are instruments for longitudinal research to assess outcomes.
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| 17. |
- Eklof, Bo G., et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: Consensus statement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6809 .- 0741-5214. ; 40:6, s. 1248-1252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders (CVD) was developed in 1994 by an international ad hoc committee of the American Venous Forum, endorsed by the Society for Vascular Surgery, and incorporated into "Reporting Standards in Venous Disease" in 1995. Today most published clinical papers on CVD use all or portions of CEAP. Rather than have it stand as a static classification system, an ad hoc committee of the American Venous Forum, working with an international liaison committee, has recommended a number of practical changes, detailed in this consensus report. These include refinement of several definitions used in describing CVD; refinement of the C classes of CEAP; addition of the descriptor n (no venous abnormality identified); elaboration of the date of classification and level of investigation; and as a simpler alternative to the full (advanced) CEAP classification, introduction of a basic CEAP version. It is important to stress that CEAP is a descriptive classification, whereas venous severity scoring and quality of life scores are instruments for longitudinal research to assess outcomes.
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| 18. |
- Eklof, Jens M., et al.
(författare)
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Distinguishing xyloglucanase activity in endo-β(1 → 4)glucanases
- 2012
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Ingår i: Methods in Enzymology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0076-6879 .- 1557-7988. - 9780124159310 ; 510, s. 97-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of beta-glucanases to cleave xyloglucans, a family of highly decorated beta-glucans ubiquitous in plant biomass, has traditionally been overlooked in functional biochemical studies. An emerging body of data indicates, however, that a spectrum of xyloglucan specificity resides in diverse glycoside hydrolases from a range of carbohydrate-active enzyme families including classic "cellulase" families. This chapter outlines a series of enzyme kinetic and product analysis methods to establish degrees of xyloglucan specificity and modes of action of glycosidases emerging from enzyme discovery projects.
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- Eklof, M, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Sound Localization Latency in Infants and Young Children with Normal Hearing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in hearing. - : SAGE Publications. - 2331-2165. ; 26, s. 23312165221088398-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advances in eye tracking, saccadic reflexes towards auditory stimuli have become an easily accessible behavioral response. The present study investigated the development of horizontal sound localization latency quantified by saccadic reflexes in infants and young children with normal hearing (0.55 to 5.6 years, n = 22). The subject was seated in front of an array of 12 loudspeaker/display-pairs arranged equidistantly in an arc from −55 to + 55° azimuth. An ongoing auditory-visual stimulus was presented at 63 dB SPL and shifted to another randomly selected pair at 24 occasions. At each shift, the visual part of the stimulus was blanked for 1.6 s providing auditory-only localization cues. A sigmoid model was fitted to the gaze samples following the azimuthal sound shifts. The overall sound localization latency (SLL) for a subject was defined as the mean of the latencies for all trials included by objective criteria. The SLL was assessed in 21 of 22 children with a mean of 6.1 valid trials. The SLL ranged 400 to 1400 ms (mean = 860 ms). An inverse model demonstrated a significant relationship between SLL and age ( R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001), reflecting a distinct reduction of latency with increasing age. No partial correlation between SLL and sound localization accuracy was found when controlling for age ( p = 0.5), suggesting that localization latency may provide diagnostic value beyond accuracy.
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| 23. |
- Farage, C., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying flow modules in ecological networks using Infomap
- 2021
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Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2041-210X. ; 12:5, s. 778-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysing how species interact in modules is a fundamental problem in network ecology. Theory shows that a modular network structure can reveal underlying dynamic ecological and evolutionary processes, influence dynamics that operate on the network and affect the stability of the ecological system. Although many ecological networks describe flows, such as biomass flows in food webs or disease transmission, most modularity analyses have ignored network flows, which can hinder our understanding of the interplay between structure and dynamics. Here we present Infomap, an established method based on network flows to the field of ecological networks. Infomap is a flexible tool that can identify modules in virtually any type of ecological network and is particularly useful for directed, weighted and multilayer networks. We illustrate how Infomap works on all these network types. We also provide a fully documented repository with additional ecological examples. Finally, to help researchers to analyse their networks with Infomap, we introduce the open-source R package infomapecology. Analysing flow-based modularity is useful across ecology and transcends to other biological and non-biological disciplines. A dynamic approach for detecting modular structure has strong potential to provide new insights into the organisation of ecological networks.
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| 24. |
- Gebhardt, A, et al.
(författare)
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Health and suffering are associated with social support: a cross-sectional study of women and mothers with exhaustion and pain
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC women's health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6874. ; 21:1, s. 259-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDespite women are generally overrepresented in behavioral, mental, and musculoskeletal disorders, motherhood as a central part of women’s life is poorly understood in relation to exhaustion and long-lasting pain. Mothers’ health impairments imply suffering both for herself and her family. A profound understanding of health is needed taking mothers’ subjective health experience, their suffering and life situation into account to give women, their families and society better prerequisites to alleviate exhaustion and long-lasting pain. The aim of the study was to describe health and suffering of women and mothers undergoing rehabilitation for long-lasting pain and exhaustion and its correlation with perceived social support.MethodsThe study had a cross-sectional design with an exploratory approach. A main sample consisted of 166 women undergoing rehabilitation for exhaustion and long-lasting pain and a reference sample included 129 women working and studying within health care professions. Both samples included women with and without children. Women’s subjective health and suffering was assessed from a caring science perspective using the recently developed and validated Health and Suffering Scale. Two additional scales measuring exhaustion and social support were distributed among the two samples. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models, including health and suffering and perceived social support, were analyzed.ResultsMothers undergoing rehabilitation for pain and exhaustion reported significantly poorer health and more suffering compared to healthy mothers, but similar health and suffering when compared with childless women in rehabilitation. Health and suffering were correlated with perceived social support among both healthy and exhausted mothers. In both samples, the correlation between health and suffering and social support was stronger among mothers than among women without children.ConclusionsWomen and mothers living with exhaustion and long-lasting pain show signs of unbearable suffering and perceived insufficient social support. Social support from various sources particularly helps mothers to create meaning in life and make their suffering bearable. Hence, health care must address the fact that mothers are dependent on their immediate social environment and that this dependency interacts with their health and suffering on an existential level.
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- Hertel, N T, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone treatment in 35 prepubertal children with achondroplasia: A five-year dose-response trial
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 94:10, s. 1402-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Achondroplasia is a skeletal dysplasia with extreme, disproportionate, short stature. Aim: In a 5-y growth hormone (GH) treatment study including 1 y without treatment, we investigated growth and body proportion response in 35 children with achondroplasia. Methods: Patients were randomized to either 0.1 IU/kg (n=18) or 0.2 IU/kg (n=17) per day. GH treatment was interrupted for 12 mo after 2 y of treatment in prepubertal patients to study catch-down growth. Mean height SDS (HSDS) at start was -5.6 and -5.2 for the low- and high-dose groups, respectively, and mean age 7.3 and 6.6 y. Results: Mean growth velocity (baseline 4.5/4.6 cm/y for the groups) increased significantly by 1.9/3.6 cm/y during the first year and by 0.5/1.5 cm/y during the second year. During the third year, a decrease of growth velocity was observed at 1.9/1.3 cm/y below baseline values. HSDS increased significantly by 0.6/0.8 during the first year of treatment and in total by 1.3/1.6 during the 5 y of study. Sitting height SDS improved significantly from -2.1/-1.7 to -0.8/0.2 during the study. Body proportion (sitting height/total height) or arm span did not show any significant change. Conclusion: GH treatment of children with achondroplasia improves height during 4 y of therapy without adverse effect on trunk-leg disproportion. The short-term effect is comparable to that reported in Turner and Noonan syndrome and in idiopathic short stature.
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- Lal, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Role of oxidative stress in advanced glycation end product-induced mesangial cell activation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 61:6, s. 2006-2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) are elevated in individuals with advancing age, renal failure, and diabetes, and accumulation of these molecules may contribute to disease progression. The mechanism by which AGE proteins alter glomerular mesangial cell function, however, is not completely understood. The present study assessed the involvement of oxidative stress in AGE-dependent mesangial cell signaling events. Methods. Primary cultures of rat renal mesangial cells were exposed to in vitro AGE-BSA and H-2 O-2 . Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and protein kinase C (PKC) isoform activation were studied using confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels. The involvement of oxidative stress was assessed by supplementing or compromising cellular antioxidant capacity. Results. NF-kappaB was dose-dependently activated by AGE. PKC activation was not involved in this response, but analysis of PKC-beta1 activation showed a stimulatory effect of AGE proteins on this isoform. Transcription of TGF-beta1 was stimulated by AGE and was prevented by PKC inhibition. Challenge with H-2 O-2 had similar downstream effects on mesangial cell signaling. Antioxidants, vitamin E and nitecapone, prevented AGE-dependent NF-kappaB activation and normalized PKC activity and associated TGF-beta1 transcription. Depletion of the intracellular antioxidant, glutathione, effectively lowered the AGE concentration needed for mesangial cell activation of NF-kappaB and PKC-beta1. Treatment with a suboptimal AGE dose, under glutathione-depleted conditions, revealed a synergistic effect on both parameters. Conclusion. The results support a central role for oxidative stress in AGE-dependent mesangial cell signaling and emphasize the importance of ROS in determining cell responsiveness.
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- Lee, Byung-Boong, et al.
(författare)
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Venous hemodynamic changes in lower limb venous disease : the UIP consensus according to scientific evidence
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Angiology. - : Springer. - 0392-9590 .- 1827-1839. ; 35:3, s. 236-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are excellent guidelines for clinicians to manage venous diseases but few reviews to assess their hemodynamic background. Hemodynamic concepts that evolved in the past have largely remained unchallenged in recent decades, perhaps due to their often complicated nature and in part due to emergence of new diagnostic techniques. Duplex ultrasound scanning and other imaging techniques which evolved in the latter part of the 20th century have dominated investigation. They have greatly improved our understanding of the anatomical patterns of venous reflux and obstruction. However, they do not provide the physiological basis for understanding the hemodynamics of flow, pressure, compliance and resistance. Hemodynamic investigations appear to provide a better correlation with post-treatment clinical outcome and quality of life than ultrasound findings. There is a far better prospect for understanding the complete picture of the patient's disability and response to management by combining ultrasound with hemodynamic studies. Accordingly, at the instigation of Dr Angelo Scuderi, the Union Internationale de Phlebologie (UIP) executive board commissioned a large number of experts to assess all aspects of management for venous disease by evidence-based principles. These included experts from various member societies including the European Venous Forum (EVF), American Venous Forum (AVF), American College of Phlebology (ACP) and Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust (CDERT). Their aim was to confirm or dispel long-held hemodynamic principles and to provide a comprehensive review of venous hemodynamic concepts underlying the pathophysiology of lower limb venous disorders, their usefulness for investigating patients and the relevant hemodynamic changes associated with various forms of treatment. Chapter 1 is devoted to basic hemodynamic concepts and normal venous physiology. Chapter 2 presents the mechanism and magnitude of hemodynamic changes in acute deep vein thrombosis indicating their pathophysiological and clinical significance. Chapter 3 describes the hemodynamic changes that occur in different classes of chronic venous disease and their relation to the anatomic extent of disease in the macrocirculation and microcirculation. The next four chapters (Chapters 4-7) describe the hemodynamic changes resulting from treatment by compression using different materials, intermittent compression devices, pharmacological agents and finally surgical or endovenous ablation. Chapter 8 discusses the unique hemodynamic features associated with alternative treatment techniques used by the CHIVA and ASVAL. Chapter 9 describes the hemodynamic effects following treatment to relieve pelvic reflux and obstruction. Finally, Chapter 10 demonstrates that contrary to general belief there is a moderate to good correlation between certain hemodynamic measurements and clinical severity of chronic venous disease. The authors believe that this document will be a timely asset to both clinicians and researchers alike. It is directed towards surgeons and physicians who are anxious to incorporate the conclusions of research into their daily practice. It is also directed to postgraduate trainees, vascular technologists and bioengineers, particularly to help them understand the hemodynamic background to pathophysiology, investigations and treatment of patients with venous disorders. Hopefully it will be a platform for those who would like to embark on new research in the field of venous disease.
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| 40. |
- McLafferty, Robert B., et al.
(författare)
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Increasing awareness about venous disease: The American Venous Forum expands the National Venous Screening Program
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6809 .- 0741-5214. ; 48:2, s. 394-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the results of the expanded National Venous Screening Program (NVSP) as administered by the American Venous Forum. Methods. Eighty-three physicians across 40 states participated in screening Americans for venous disease. The NVSP instrument included demographics, venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment, quality-of-life (QOL) assessment, duplex ultrasound scan for reflux and obstruction, and clinical inspection. Participants received educational materials and a report card to give their physician. Results: A total of 2234 individuals underwent screening (mean, 26 people/site; range, 4-42). Demographic data observed included mean age of 60 years (range, 17-93 years); 77% female; 80% Caucasian; mean BMI of 29 (range, 11-68); 40% current or previous smoker; and 24% taking antiplatelet therapy and 4% taking warfarin. If placed in a situation conducive for VTE, 40% of participants were low risk, 22% were moderate risk, 21% were high risk, and 17% were very high risk. On a venous QOL assessment, 17% had a combined total score for all 11 questions of "very limited" or "impossible to do." Reflux or obstruction was noted in 37% and 5% of participants, respectively. CEAP class 0 to 6 was 29%, 29%, 23%, 10%, 9%, 1.5%, 0.5%, respectively. Discussion: Despite a dramatic expansion in the second annual NSVP (from 17 to 83 centers), the presence of venous disease observed in a larger screened population continues to be high. The NVSP represents one pathway to increasing public awareness about venous disease.
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| 44. |
- Peterson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing goitre prevalence -: Reply
- 2000
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Ingår i: LANCET. - 0140-6736. ; 355:9219, s. 1996-1997
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
- Pierre, PV, et al.
(författare)
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Cochlear Implantation with the CI512 and CI532 Precurved Electrode Arrays: One-Year Speech Recognition and Intraoperative Thresholds of Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials
- 2019
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Ingår i: Audiology & neuro-otology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9700. ; 24:6, s. 299-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Precurved cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays were developed in an attempt to improve the auditory outcome of cochlear implantation, which varies greatly. The recent CI532 (Cochlear Corp., Sydney, Australia) may offer further advantages as its electrode array is thinner than previous precurved CI electrode arrays. The aims here were to investigate 1-year postoperative speech recognition, intraoperative electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs), and their possible relation in patients implanted with a CI532 or its predecessor CI512. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective analysis of data from 63 patients subjected to cochlear implantation at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, was performed. Speech recognition of the implanted ear was evaluated using phonemically balanced monosyllabic Swedish words at 65 dB SPL. ECAPs were evaluated using the intraoperative ECAP threshold across ≥8 electrodes generated by the automated neural response telemetry of the CI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median aided speech recognition score (SRS) 1 year after implantation was 52% (quartile 1 = 40%, quartile 3 = 60%, <i>n</i> = 63) and did not differ statistically significantly between patients with CI512 (<i>n</i> = 38) and CI532 (<i>n</i> = 25). The mean ECAP threshold was 188 CL (current level; SD = 15 CL, <i>n</i> = 54) intraoperatively and did not differ statistically significantly between patients with CI512 (<i>n</i> = 32) and CI532 (<i>n</i> = 22), but the threshold for each electrode varied more between patients with a CI512 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). A higher mean ECAP threshold was associated with a worse SRS (Spearman’s ρ = –0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.0004, <i>n</i> = 54). The association remained among those with a CI512 (Spearman’s ρ = –0.62, <i>p</i> = 0.0001, <i>n</i> = 32) when stratified by CI electrode array. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> No statistically significant difference in speech recognition 1 year after cochlear implantation or in mean threshold of ECAP intraoperatively was found between patients with a CI512 and the more recent, slim CI532, but the ECAP thresholds varied more between those with a CI512. A statistically significant association between SRS and mean ECAP threshold was found, but stratified analysis suggests that the association may be true only for patients with a CI512.
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