| 1. |
- Hagström, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion
- 2005
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Ingår i: Frågelistan som källa och metod. - 9144039182
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 2. |
- Hagström, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Manligt, kvinnligt, naturligt? Föreställningar om kön och naturlighet med utgångspunkti rådgivningslitteratur
- 1998
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Ingår i: Naturlighetens positioner. Nordiska kulturforskare om födsel ochföräldraskap. - 9521202254 ; , s. 187-203
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utbudet av böcker och tidningar som på olika sätt handlar om graviditet, förlossning och småbarnstid är idag större än någonsin. Marknaden tycks närmast oändlig och ständigt publiceras nya böcker som behandlar ämnena utifrån olika perspektiv och vinklingar. Artikeln inleds med nedslag i rådgivningslitteratur från 1930-talet och framåt för att sedan koncentreras kring en diskussion av samtida litteratur riktad till blivande och nyblivna föräldrar. Syftet är att diskutera hur "naturlighet" beskrivs, förklaras och används i nyare rådgivningslitteratur, hur det kopplas till "manligt" och "kvinnligt" och vilka konsekvenser detta får i ett vidare sammanhang.
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| 3. |
- Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 47:6, s. 294-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several factors can affect glycemic and insulinemic responses from cereal foods. Some suggested factors lowering the responses are; intact botanical structure, high amylose/high β-glucan cereal varieties, organic acid produced during fermentation and food processes inducing retrogradation of starch. Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of fermented whole grain cereal kernels with high content of amylose (40%) and/or β-glucan (4.6%) on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults. Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers (4 men and 9 women) were given 25 g available carbohydrate portions of: glucose solution; tempe fermented whole-grain barley and tempe fermented whole-grain oat. Blood samples were collected directly before the meal (fasting) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The GI (glycemic index) and II (insulin index) of meals were calculated for each subject according to FAO/WHO standards. Results: Peak glucose response was lowest after the tempe meal with high-amylose/ high-β-glucan barley tempe while insulin response was lowest after the meal with high β-glucan oat tempe. The mean blood glucose responses for both the barley and the oat tempe meals were significantly lower than from the reference glucose load (P < 0.0001) during the first 60 min. The calculated GI:s for barley and oat tempe were 30 and 63, respectively. Mean serum insulin responses from barley and oat tempe were significantly lower compared with the glucose load (P < 0.002) during the first 60 min, and the calculated II was lower for oat tempe (21) compared with barley tempe (55). Conclusions: The results suggest that cereal products with beneficial influence on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses can be tailored by fermentation and enclosure of high-amylose and/or high-β-glucan barley and oat kernels. © 2008 Spinger.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 10. |
- Eklund, Ann-Charlotte, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Organisera för lärande - IT-support som lärmiljö
- 2008
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Ingår i: Rystedt, H. & Säljö, R. (Eds.), Kunskap och människans redskap: teknik och lärande. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144048321 ; , s. 75-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
- Eklund, Ann-Charlotte, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Re-visiting the past. A meta-activity for learning in the IT Helpdesk.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Symposia paper presented at the EARLI SIG 14 meeting on Diversity in vocational and professional education and training, München, Germany..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of information technology in organizations today has become critical to the performance of many core business activities. For this reason, IT helpdesks have come to play a fundamental role in ensuring that organizational networking systems and technologies work properly. Defining work tasks of support engineers are diagnosis, repair and maintenance for which they use experience as well as documenting resources. However, these resources are made up of lessons from earlier situations, i.e. not anticipating future problems. The support engineers’ expertise then lies in a constant readiness to act upon not yet known problems. Even though IT helpdesk are usually perceived of as technically oriented, the quality of work is not only a matter of technical expertise. Despite the importance of persistent and steady support functions, little is known about the ways in which helpdesk teams build on expert knowledge and collectively learn situated ways of performing work. Documenting practices are everpresent in work activities, especially with the use of information technology and computers, in which conversations, agreements and so forth are stored for later use. Computers have thus become vehicles that offer availability to the past, that provides a textual means of remembering the past. Carrying out work tasks is in fact often about ‘invoking the past’, that is, to recollect and make use of previous activities in relation to present conditions. Understanding of the ways in which work teams collaboratively cope with work tasks demands in situ studies of authentic work situations in which both people and tools are incorporated in the analysis. A number of researchers from different research traditions have called attention to this. In the area of cognitive anthropology, Hutchins (1995) shows how an aircraft is manoeuvred by analysing the ways in which the two pilots interact and make use of the other and textual resources. He pinpoints the intricate ways in which actions and text are intertwined, how they all together form the basis of actions. By regarding all activities and tools in the cockpit he shows how they together form a functional and redundant system of remembering vital details that will avoid the aircraft to experience danger. Within the ethnometodological tradition, Button and Sharrock (2000), make a close analysis of interacting engineers engaged in a problem-solving process of the design of a copy machine. The log files used by the engineers in the activity come subsequently to be transformed into coming actions by their focus on specific details. Verbalisation of these details, time being an important one, support the team in the sense-making of the problem and to understand it i relation to the copy machine system. It is through the collective work of talking about the document that understanding is developed, something the text in itself thus not allows for. Another means of remembering are stories. Narratives can be seen as material artefacts when they are treated as non-discursive (Brown, Middleton & Lightfoot, 2001). Orr (1996) reports in his ethnographic study how technicians make use of stories in diagnosing and repairing copy machines. The stories are seen to have multiple functions where they provide support in unknown situations as well as forming the identity of the technicians. Orr’s take on stories, are that they are work and thus should be included in the analysis of how teams manage work: “it is crucial to note that stories do more than celebrate the job; they are part of the job.” (Orr, 1996, p. 143). From a sociocultural perspective, the challenges in the IT helpdesk practice can be described as how participants learn to find out what is wrong in a given circumstance, knowing where to find appropriate information, and sharing what is done and how with the rest of the team through face-to-face interaction and documenting practices. Being a competent support team member then calls for participation and learning in institutionalised sense-making activities about work, as well as in the course of daily activities (Brown, 2005). For teams working under changing conditions it has become necessary to pay attention to the ”constantly changing processes and practices of work and try to analyse situationally the different options for practice that are provided by the various aims and tasks” (Collin, 2008, p. 394). In this study we explore a recurrent discursive activity (Scheeres, 2007) set up by the organization to get support engineers together to learn about delivering a service with the high ambition of a team performing in unison. The activity is based on the team’s previous documentation of troubleshooting activities that is revisited and discussed. When previously performed work becomes object of discussion in a systematic way, questions of how collaboration and team learning are achieved and sustained becomes an interesting topic of analysis. The objective of the present study is to explore how such a meta-activity is arranged and to investigate how talk about work is used for team learning purposes. The data we draw on consist of participant observations, video recordings and the documentation used in the activity. The video recordings cover five so called ’Case studios’ and amount to 8,5 hours of talk of 46 cases. The meta-activity studied was found to be productive in a number of ways. Among other things, a) examples of actual conduct showed the importance of each team member in collaborative work, and on the basis of such collective recognition, norms of conduct were formulated as collaborative efforts, and, b) the leaders’ capacity of using the narrative form let the engineers learn about themselves and the organization from an inside-out perspective. Our conclusion is that meta-activities of this kind seem to offer good opportunities for systematic dissemination of knowledge, negotiation of work routines and collective norm modeling which are grounded in documentation of participants’ everyday action. References: Baker, C., Emmison, M., & Firth, A. (2005). Calibrating for competence in calls to technical support. In C. Baker, M. Emmison & A. Firth (Eds.), Calling for help: Language and social interaction in telephone helplines. Amsterdam: John Benjamin. Brown, A. (Ed.). (2005). Learning while working in small companies: comparative analysis of experiences drawn from England, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain: SKOPE Monograph No 7., ESRC funded Centre on Skills, Knowledge and Organisational Performance, Oxford and Warwick Universities. Brown, S., Middleton, D., & Lightfoot, G. (2001). Performing the past in electronic archives: Interdependencies in the discursive and non-discursive ordering of institutional rememberings. Culture & Psychology, 7(2), 123. Button, G., & Sharrock, W. (2000). Design by problem-solving. Workplace Studies: Recovering Work Practice and Informing System Design, 46-67. Castellani, S., Grasso, A., O’Neill, J., & Roulland, F. (2009). Designing Technology as an Embedded Resource for Troubleshooting. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 18(2), 199-227. Collin, K. (2008). Development engineers' work and learning as shared practice. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 27(4), 379-397. Eklund, A.-C., Mäkitalo, Å., & Säljö, R. (2010). Noticing the past to manage the future: On the organization of shared knowing in IT-support practices. In S. Ludvigsen, A. Lund, I. Rasmussen & R. Säljö (Eds.), Learning across sites. New tools, Infrastructures and Practices. Routledge. González, L. M., Giachetti, R. E., & Ramirez, G. (2005). Knowledge management-centric help desk: specification and performance evaluation. Decision Support Systems, 40, 389-405. Hutchins, E. (1995). How a cockpit remember its speed. Cognitive Science, 19, 256-288.
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| 14. |
- Eklund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Original OCT and VEP correlate to disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2211-0348 .- 2211-0356. ; 68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The afferent visual pathway provides a unique opportunity to monitor clinical and subclinical optic neuritis and features of neuroaxonal degeneration in secondary progressive MS.Objective: To investigate the usefulness of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in evaluating SPMS, and the association between these modalities and clinical course and lesion load on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with SPMS with or without a history of optic neuritis (ON). Methods: SPMS patients (n = 27) underwent clinical assessment with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) grading, visual acuity, OCT, and VEP examination. MRI of the brain and spinal cord were evaluated. Ordinal scores of VEP and MRI findings were used in the statistical analyses.Results: The ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness correlated with VEP latency. VEP P100 score correlated with EDSS. Linear regression showed an association between GCIPL thickness and EDSS as well as VEP P100 latency and EDSS. The MRI analyses were negative.Conclusion: VEP latency and GCIPL thickness correlated with disability measured as EDSS in patients with SPMS and are useful in monitoring SPMS patients.
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| 15. |
- Eklund, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic Maintenance Care program : Effectiveness of chiropractic maintenance care versus symptom-guided treatment for recurrent and persistent low back pain—A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: For individuals with recurrent or persistent non-specific low back pain (LBP), exercise and exercise combined with education have been shown to be effective in preventing new episodes or in reducing the impact of the condition. Chiropractors have traditionally used Maintenance Care (MC), as secondary and tertiary prevention strategies. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness of MC on pain trajectories for patients with recurrent or persistent LBP.Method: This pragmatic, investigator-blinded, two arm randomized controlled trial included consecutive patients (18–65 years old) with non-specific LBP, who had an early favorable response to chiropractic care. After an initial course of treatment, eligible subjects were randomized to either MC or control (symptom-guided treatment). The primary outcome was total number of days with bothersome LBP during 52 weeks collected weekly with text-messages (SMS) and estimated by a GEE model.Results: Three hundred and twenty-eight subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups. MC resulted in a reduction in the total number of days per week with bothersome LBP compared with symptom-guided treatment. During the 12 month study period, the MC group (n = 163, 3 dropouts) reported 12.8 (95% CI = 10.1, 15.5; p = <0.001) fewer days in total with bothersome LBP compared to the control group (n = 158, 4 dropouts) and received 1.7 (95% CI = 1.8, 2.1; p = <0.001) more treatments. Numbers presented are means. No serious adverse events were recorded.Conclusion: MC was more effective than symptom-guided treatment in reducing the total number of days over 52 weeks with bothersome non-specific LBP but it resulted in a higher number of treatments. For selected patients with recurrent or persistent non-specific LBP who respond well to an initial course of chiropractic care, MC should be considered an option for tertiary prevention.
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| 16. |
- Eklund, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution radial artery intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with suspected coronary artery disease - Comparison with common carotid artery intima-media thickness
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 221:1, s. 118-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The radial artery wall structure can be measured with non-invasive very high-resolution ultrasound with great feasibility and high accuracy. In the present study, we aim to explore clinical correlates of radial artery intima-media thickness (rIMT), in a relatively large patient cohort with suspected coronary artery disease, and further compare those to common carotid artery IMT (cIMT) that is an accepted surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Methods: Four hundred and sixteen patients referred to myocardial perfusion scintigram (MPS) were recruited, and cIMT and rIMT were scanned using conventional and very high-resolution ultrasound (55. MHz transducer), respectively. A number of plasma biomarkers were also measured. Results: Both cIMT and rIMT were similarly correlated with disease history, MPS-verified ischemia, carotid plaque burden, and lipid status. Repeated measurement of rIMT showed acceptable variability. Conclusion: Radial artery IMT may constitute a novel feasible imaging biomarker for systemic atherosclerosis burden, which may be used in future imaging trials to evaluate, e.g. anti-atherosclerotic treatments. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 17. |
- Eklund, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Radial artery intima-media thickness predicts major cardiovascular events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2412 .- 2047-2404. ; 15:7, s. 769-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of radial artery intima-media thickness (rIMT) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Carotid artery intima-media thickness is a well-known surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Recently, using very high-resolution ultrasound, we showed rIMT can be imaged with great precision and is related to various cardiovascular risk factors.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Eklund, Elsine, et al.
(författare)
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Hand function and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 31:23, s. 1955-1962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine hand function and disability in persons with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and to evaluate the possible correlations between hand function and disability.Methods: Nine male, 11 female (24-73 yrs) persons with CMT in northern Sweden and a matched control group of 18 men, 22 women (21-73 yrs) participated in the study. Measurements applied were tests of dexterity (Box and Block Test; Nine-Hole Peg test), grip strength (Grippit®), tactile gnosis (Shape Texture Identification test) and upper-limb disability (Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, DASH).Results: Hand function in CMT was reduced (p<0.001) to about 60% of normal, as indicated by each of the separate outcome measures as well as by a constructed summary index of hand function. DASH score median was 38.8 (range 0-66.7) and was clearly related to hand function (r=0.64-0.83).Conclusion: Reduced hand function in CMT was found at different dimensions according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). We suggest that DASH can be used in persons with CMT though clinicians should be aware that patients might score lower than expected, possibly due to a long process of adaptation when learning to live with a slowly progressive disease.
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| 20. |
- Eklund, Jakob, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Who cares about others? : Empathic self-efficacy as an antecedent to prosocial behavior
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Research in Social Psychology. - 1088-7423. ; 20:3, s. 31-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two studies tested associations among self-efficacy and prosocial behavior. In Study 1 wemeasured academic self-efficacy, emotional self-efficacy and self-reported prosocial behavior.The study showed that academic but not emotional self-efficacy was positively correlated withprosocial behavior. Study 1 included only self-oriented emotions, and the absence of empathicemotions may explain the lack of association between emotional self-efficacy and prosocialbehavior. In Study 2 we included empathic as well as self-oriented emotions, because previousresearch (C. D. Batson, 1991) has shown that empathic emotions generate altruistic helping. Asexpected, empathic self-efficacy had a positive association with prosocial behavior. Empathicself-efficacy appears to be an important, largely overlooked antecedent to prosocial behavior.
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| 21. |
- Eklund Jonsson, Charlotte, 1964
(författare)
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Nutritional properties of tempe fermented whole-grain barley and oats. Influence of processing conditions on the retention and availability of iron, starch and folates.
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aimed at evaluating the tempe fermentation process as a means to develop nutritionally improved vegetarian products from barley and oats. The work was designed to assess relationships between selection of raw material and processing conditions in correlation to nutrient content and availability. Whole grains of high amylose/high ß-glucan barley and high ß-glucan oats were tempe fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus, in order to: reduce phytate content to increase iron absorption, obtain low glycemic responses, and increase formation and accessibility of folates. The barley and oat tempe were evaluated in human studies. Corresponding meals were also in vitro digested in order to evaluate the potential of estimating human nutrient bioavailability in a computer controlled gastrointestinal model.Pearling, soaking and returning of pearling fractions before tempe fermentation was found to degrade the phytate content by 97% and to increase human iron absorption from 3.0% to 5.5%. In vitro digestion of similar meals showed an increase in iron availability from 1.7% to 4.9%, indicating that the tendency of the iron absorption could be predicted. The glucose response was lower from the barley tempe while the insulin response was lowest after intake of oat tempe. The calculated glycemic and insulinemic indices (GI and II) were 30 and 55 from barley tempe and 63 and 21 from oat tempe, respectively. In vitro starch digestion rate of barley and oat tempe meals were consistent with the human glycemic response, and by combining the determination of in vitro starch hydrolysis with microscopy studies of starch granules, a possible correlation between structural changes during digestion and the rate of starch hydrolysis was observed. Furthermore, tempe fermentation of barley increased folate content by 2.5 times, and the in vitro folate accessibility was 46-86% in boiled barley tempe. This work shows the nutritional potential of tempe fermented whole-grain cereal products with a range of health benefits, such aslow glycemic responses and high availability of iron and folate. The work also shows that the in vitro gastrointestinal model is a possible tool to estimate the availability of important nutrients.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Eklund-Jonsson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of phytate content while preserving minerals during whole grain cereal tempe fermentation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 44:2, s. 154-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of different pretreatments on phytate and mineral contents were investigated in whole grain barley and oat tempe fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus. Different varieties of barley and oats were exposed to pretreatments such as pearling, rolling, moistening, autoclaving and soaking before fermentation. Pearling was the most effective pretreatment for reduction of phytate content for both oats and barley. Nevertheless, mineral contents were reduced, and most likely cell wall rich fractions were also reduced by this process. In the first experiments the phytate content reduction in the oats and barley samples were reduced by 74% (3.3 μmol/g, d.m.) and 89% (1.4 μmol/g, d.m.), respectively. However, to improve iron absorption the phytate levels should not exceed 0.5 μmol/g, and further phytate degradation was necessary. Therefore, in the final experiments barley samples were exposed to an optimised process with prolonged soaking at a higher temperature and the pearling residues were returned before fermentation. When the outer layers of the barley kernels were returned before fermentation the phytate content was successfully reduced by 97% to 0.4 μmol/g (d.m.) and Fe and Zn levels were well preserved. © 2006.
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| 24. |
- Eklund Jonsson, Charlotte, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Tempe Fermentation of Whole Grain Barley Increased Human Iron Absorption and In vitro Iron Availability
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Open Nutrition Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-2882. ; 2, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, iron absorption from a tempe fermented whole-grain barley meal was measured, and results were compared to in vitro estimation of available iron from an equivalent meal. The tempe meal (TM) was prepared from barley fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus to reduce the phytate content <0.5 µmol/g, and boiled barley with preserved phytate content was used as reference meal (BBM). Iron was added to obtain a total content of 3 mg/meal in the human study, and to the in vitro meals 7 mg of iron was added. The iron absorption from TM and BBM was 5.5±1.5% and 3.0±0.7% respectively, and in vitro iron availability was 4.9±0.2% in TM and 1.7±0.1% in BBM (absorbed fraction of total iron/meal). To conclude, iron absorption from a barley meal was improved by reducing the phytate content via tempe fermentation, and iron absorption was predicted by direction in the in vitro experiments.
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| 25. |
- Eklund Saksberg, My, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses’ priority-setting for older nursing home residents during COVID-19
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ethical principles behind prioritization in healthcare are continuously relevant. However, applying ethical principles during times of increased need, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, is challenging. Also, little is known about nursing home nurses’ prioritizations in their work to achieve well-being and health for nursing home residents. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore nursing home nurses’ priority-setting for older nursing home residents in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design, participants, and research context: We conducted a qualitative interview study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (retrospective self-reports) between February and May 2021 with 21 nursing home nurses. To help respondents to recall their memories, we used the critical incident technique (CIT). We analyzed data within the theoretical framework and the methodological orientation of content analysis. Ethical considerations: Written and verbal consent was obtained before the interviews, and information was given to participants informing them that participation was entirely voluntary. The Swedish Ethical Review Agency gave an advisory opinion stating that there were no ethical objections to the research project (Dnr. 2020-05649). Findings: We identified an overarching theme—nursing home nurses struggling on multiple fronts, “just do it”—and seven categories: striving for survival and caring about a dignified death; responding sensitively to relatives’ expectations; ranking the urgency of needed care; responding to input from different actors; combating the spread of infection in unconventional ways; taking the lead and doing what is required; and following the ideals of person-centered nursing. Conclusions: Nurses’ priority-setting for older nursing homes residents during the COVID-19 pandemic meant strain and struggle. In some cases, nurses had taken responsibility for priorities falling outside their statutory powers. Different demands and interests affected nurses’ priorities. Nursing home nurses need organizational and managerial support to prioritize.
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| 26. |
- Feng, X. M., et al.
(författare)
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Rhizopus oligosporus and yeast co-cultivation during barley tempeh fermentation-Nutritional impact and real-time PCR quantification of fungal growth dynamics
- 2007
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Ingår i: Food microbiology (Print). - London, United Kingdom : Elsevier BV. - 0740-0020 .- 1095-9998. ; 24:4, s. 393-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley tempeh was produced by fermenting barley kernels with Rhizopus oligosporus. The potential of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae (three strains), S. boulardii (one strain), Pichia anomala (one strain) and Kluyveromyces lactis (one strain) to grow together with R. oligosporus during barley tempeh fermentation was evaluated. All yeast strains grew during the fermentation and even during cold storage of tempeh (P < 0.01). The growth of yeasts slightly increased the ergosterol contents, but did not influence amino acid contents and compositions, and did not reduce phytate contents. Slight increases of vitamins B6 and niacinamide, and slight decreases of B1 and biotin were observed. Quantification of fungal growth is difficult during mixed species fermentations because ergosterol is found in all fungal species, and colony-forming-unit (cfu) estimations are not reliable for R. oligosporus and other sporulating fungi. Therefore, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR method for individually quantifying S. cerevisiae and R. oligosporus growth in barley tempeh. The PCR results were highly correlated with the ergosterol content of R. oligosporus and with the number of cfu of S. cerevisiae. Thus, real-time PCR is a rapid and selective method to quantify yeasts and R. oligosporus during mixed species fermentation of inhomogenous substrate such as barley tempeh. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
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Frågelistan som källa och metod
- 2005
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bröllop, barnavård och böcker. Pizza, polio och personlig hygien. Vid de nordiska folkminnes- och traditionsarkiven, liksom vid flera museer, finns stora samlingar av berättelser som rör alla upptänkliga aspekter av människors liv förr och nu. Många av dessa är svar på frågelistor. Sådana har under lång tid använts av etnologer och folklorister för att samla och skapa material, i forskningssyfte och för dokumentation. Det är en kvalitativ metod som ger ett rikt material i form av berättelser i löpande text kring ett specifikt ämne. Många av arkiven och museerna har en fast stab av så kallade meddelare som besvarar de olika listorna, ofta under många år, och beskriver sina tankar, erfarenheter och minnen kring det ämne frågelistan rör. I denna antologi diskuterar forskare och arkivarier, som alla har erfarenhet av frågelistan som källa och metod, hur man kan arbeta med frågelistor och frågelistsvar utifrån olika perspektiv och syften. Boken vänder sig till såväl studenter, forskare och lärare som kulturhistoriskt intresserade.
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| 28. |
- Gan, Li-Ming, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Incremental Value of Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography-Assessed Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Ischemia Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenosine-assisted transthoracic Doppler-derived coronary flow reserve (TDE-CFR) reflects coronary vascular function. The prognostic and incremental value of left anterior descending coronary artery TDE-CFR above myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with suspected myocardial ischemia has not yet been studied.Three hundred seventy-one patients (mean age, 62.3±8.7years; 46.8% males) referred to myocardial perfusion scintigraphy attributed to suspected myocardial ischemia were included in the study. The TDE-CFR result was blinded to the referring physician. Patients were followed up regarding major cardiovascular events, defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or acute revascularization during a median follow-up time of 4.5years. A TDE-CFR value of ≤2.0 was considered reduced. Major cardiovascular events occurred during follow-up in 60 patients (16.2%). A reduced TDE-CFR was detected in 76 patients (20.5%). Patients with reduced TDE-CFR had an event rate of 36.8% compared to 10.8% in patients with normal TDE-CFR (unadjusted hazard ratio, 4.63; 95% CI, 2.78-7.69; P<0.001). In a multivariate model, TDE-CFR remained a significant independent predictor of major cardiovascular events. The major cardiovascular events rate was 7.5% in patients without myocardial perfusion scintigraphy-detected myocardial ischemia and normal TDE-CFR (n=200), 24.2% in patients without ischemia but with reduced TDE-CFR (n=33), and 46.5% in patients with both myocardial perfusion scintigraphy-detected myocardial ischemia and a reduced TDE-CFR (n=43; P<0.001).Coronary microvascular dysfunction, as determined by TDE-CFR, is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events and adds incremental prognostic value compared with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. The current study supports routine assessment of CFR in patients with suspected ischemic heart disease.
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| 29. |
- Geale, Kirk, et al.
(författare)
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Late Breaking Abstract - NORdic Database for aSThmA Research (NORDSTAR) : Swedish and Finnish patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: A cross-border research collaboration was recently initiated across the Nordic countries. These countries maintain population-based registers containing a variety of patient-level health and socioeconomic variables, providing a basis for nation-wide, longitudinal research.Aims and objectives: Describe key characteristics of Swedish and Finnish asthma populations in 2014.Methods: NORDSTAR is a research platform with ethical approval based on Nordic register data. Patients with an asthma diagnosis (ICD-10: J45/46) at any age in specialist care, or ≥2 dispensed respiratory prescriptions (ATC: R03) while aged 6-44, during 2004-2014 were included. Those with diagnosis and treatment pairs unlikely to be asthma were excluded. Demographics (age, sex, income, education level, and urban residence), treatment, comorbidities, and asthma specialist visits in 2014 were described using summary statistics.Results: Finnish comorbidity levels appeared higher than in Sweden. More Finnish patients filled OCS prescriptions (24%) than Swedish patients (20%). Most Swedish patients lived in an urban setting, and the distribution of education level was similar to the general population. Mean family income was 49,960 and 42,840 EUR in Sweden and Finland respectively, while 31% and 44% of patients visited an asthma specialist. Prevalence of asthma was highest among women in both countries, and age distributions were similar.Conclusions: NORDSTAR is a platform for conducting asthma outcomes research in the Nordics. Swedish and Finnish patients appear to be similar in many dimensions except for prevalence of asthma specialist care contacts.
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| 30. |
- Gustafsson, Charlotte Eklund, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of peak work rate indexed by left ventricular diameter
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left ventricular diameter (LVEDD) increases with systematic endurance training but also in various cardiac diseases. High exercise capacity associates with favorable outcomes. We hypothesized that peak work rate (W-peak) indexed to LVEDD would carry prognostic information and aimed to evaluate the association between W-peak/LVEDDrest and cardiovascular mortality. W-peak/LVEDDrest (W/mm) was calculated in patients with an echocardiographic examination within 3 months of a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test. Low W-peak/LVEDDrest was defined as a value below the sex- and age-specific 5th percentile among lower-risk subjects. The association with cardiovascular mortality was evaluated using Cox regression. In total, 3083 patients were included (8.0 [5.4-11.1] years of follow-up, 249 (8%) cardiovascular deaths). W-peak/LVEDDrest (W/mm) was associated with cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.28 [0.22-0.36]), similar to W-peak in % of predicted, with identical prognostic strength when adjusted for age and sex (C-statistics 0.87 for both). A combination of low W-peak/LVEDDrest and low W-peak was associated with a particularly poor prognosis (adjusted HR 6.4 [4.0-10.3]). W-peak/LVEDDrest was associated with cardiovascular mortality but did not provide incremental prognostic value to W-peak alone. The combination of a low W-peak/LVEDDrest and low W-peak was associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
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| 31. |
- Honnali, Sanath Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of tilted closed-field magnetron design on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiZrNbTaN coatings
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 41:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common design of sputtering systems is to integrate many magnetron sources in a tilted closed-field configuration, which can drastically affect the magnetic field in the chamber and thus plasma characteristics. To study this effect explicitly, multicomponent TiZrNbTaN coatings were deposited at room temperature using direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) with different substrate biases. The coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nano-indentation, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Magnetic field simulations revealed ten times higher magnetic field strengths at the substrate in single-magnetron configuration when compared to the closed-field. As a result, the substrate ion current increased similar to 3 and 1.8 times for DCMS and HiPIMS, respectively. The film microstructure changed with the discharge type, in that DCMS coatings showed large sized columnar structures and HiPIMS coatings show globular nanosized structures with (111) orientation with a closed-field design. Coatings deposited from a single source showed dense columnar structures irrespective of the discharge type and developed (200) orientation only with HiPIMS. Coatings deposited with closed-field design by DCMS had low stress (0.8 to -1 GPa) and hardness in the range from 13 to 18 GPa. Use of HiPIMS resulted in higher stress (-3.6 to -4.3 GPa) and hardness (26-29 GPa). For coatings deposited with single source by DCMS, the stress (-0.15 to -3.7 GPa) and hardness were higher (18-26 GPa) than for coatings grown in the closed-field design. With HiPIMS and single source, the stress was in the range of -2.3 to -4.2 GPa with a similar to 6% drop in the hardness (24-27 GPa).
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| 32. |
- Larsson Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Starch microstructure and starch hydrolysis in barley and oat tempe during in vitro digestion
- 2012
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Ingår i: Food Digestion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1869-1986 .- 1869-1978. ; 3:1-3, s. 53-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various botanical and structural characteristics of starchy foods are considered to modify the rate of starch digestion and the glycaemic responses in humans. The main objective of the study was to examine the impact of fermented barley and oat microstructure on the rate of in vitro starch hydrolysis. A dynamic gastrointestinal model was used to estimate the degree of starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion of fermented whole grain cereal meals. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to study the microstructural changes. In parallel to the in vitro studies, the impact of fermented barley and oats on postprandial plasma glucose responses was evaluated in a human study. Micrographs were taken during in vitro digestion experiments with fermented whole grains and compared with micrographs of boiled barley (undigested). Images showed that most of the oat starch granules were degraded after 120 min of digestion, whereas barley starch granules were less degraded, even after 180 min of digestion. The findings were confirmed by faster starch hydrolysis from the fermented oat meal, measured as maltose generated during in vitro digestion. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from the plotted maltose curves of the meals. AUC for barley tempe (266 ± 33) was 40 % of the AUC for oat tempe (663 ± 8) and significantly different (p
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Linström, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists experiences of rehabilitation of patients with limited awareness after stroke
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 20:4, s. 264-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to describe occupational therapists’ experiences of rehabilitation of patients with limited awareness after stroke. Methods: To capture occupational therapists’ experiences, a qualitative approach was chosen using five focus groups consisting of 22 participants engaged in group discussions with open-ended questions based on the aim. Discussions were taped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to Kreuger’s method. The analysis revealed one general description, constant adjustment, with three themes emerging during the analysis: adjustments in choice of activity, adjustments in choice of environment, and therapeutic adjustments. These themes interacted and were dependent on the desired effect of the interventions. Adjustments were made continuously depending on their effect. The occupational therapists strove for patients to avoid unnecessary risks, make realistic decisions, and live as independently as possible.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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Naturlighetens positioner. Nordiska kulturforskare om födsel och föräldraskap
- 1998
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok handlar om naturlighet iförhållande till födsel och föräldraskap - om hur naturligheten positioneras i människans föreställningar kring födseln. Under de tio-femton senaste åren har det skett en förändring i dessa föreställningar från en högteknologisk omsorg med hög riskmedvetenhet till en mer naturlig eller alternativ omsorg. Där tidigare det medicinska tänkandet, som innebar att hälsovården hade det totala ansvaret för den födande kvinnan, var förhärskande ses nu istället kvinnan som alltmer ansvarig för sig själv. Tillsammans med den blivande pappan förväntas hon också vara aktiv i utformningen av födslosituationen. I detta föds så idén om naturen och det naturliga som det ursprungliga och riktiga. Natur ses i denna bok som en kulturellt baserad konstruktion, en produkt av människors tolkning. Ett konstruktivistiskt perspektiv på födsel står i motsättning till en position där födsel och föräldraskap framställs som något substantiellt, universellt och naturvetenskapliggjort. Detta är det genomgående temat i bidragen i denna antologi. Antologin representerar avslutningen på ett nordiskt kultur-vetenskapligt samarbete och växte fram. som ett bidrag till debatten kring naturligt födande efter ett symposium om födsel och föräldraskap hösten 1996 i Åbo.
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| 38. |
- Orfanos, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Physician's conceptions of the decision-making process when managing febrile infants ≤ 60 days old : a phenomenographic qualitative study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - 1471-2431. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The management of febrile infants aged ≤ 60 days and adherence to guidelines vary greatly. Our objective was to describe the process of decision-making when managing febrile infants aged ≤ 60 days and to describe the factors that influenced this decision.METHODS: We conducted 6 focus group discussions with 19 clinically active physicians in the pediatric emergency departments of 2 university hospitals in Skåne region, Sweden. We followed an inductive qualitative design, using a phenomenological approach. A second-order perspective was used, focusing on how physicians perceived the phenomenon (managing fever in infants) rather than the phenomenon itself. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a 7-step approach.RESULTS: Performing a lumbar puncture (LP) was conceived as a complex, emotionally and mentally laden procedure and dominated the group discussions. Three central categories emerged as factors that influenced the decision-making process on whether to perform an LP: 1) a possible focus of infection that could explain the origin of the fever, 2) questioning whether the temperature at home reported by the parents was a fever, especially if it was ≤ 38.2°C, and 3) the infant's general condition and questioning the need for LP in case of well-appearing infants. Around these 3 central categories evolved 6 secondary categories that influenced the decision-making process of whether to perform an LP or not: 1) the physicians' desire to be able to trust their judgement, 2) fearing the risk of failure, 3) avoiding burdensome work, 4) taking others into account, 5) balancing guidelines and resources, and 6) seeing a need to practice and learn to perform LP.CONCLUSIONS: The difficulty and emotional load of performing an LP were important factors that influenced the decision-making process regarding whether to perform an LP. Physicians highlighted the importance of being able to rely on their clinical judgment and make independent decisions. Guidelines may consider allowing a degree of flexibility and independent thinking to take into account patients' characteristics and needs.
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| 39. |
- Persson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of apoptosis in human neutrophils by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on mature bacterial lipoproteins
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microbial Pathogenesis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-4010 .- 1096-1208. ; 47:3, s. 143-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modulation of immune cell apoptosis is a key evasion strategy utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). To be able to multiply within macrophages, the bacterium delays apoptosis and down-regulates pro-inflammatory activation in these cells, whereas apoptosis is rapidly induced in the potently bactericidal neutrophils. Initial host-pathogen interactions between neutrophils and Mtb, subsequently leading to apoptosis, need to be investigated to understand the early features during Mtb infections. Opsonized Mtb were readily phagocytosed, and the immuno-mediated phagocytosis triggered early activation of anti-apoptotic Akt in the neutrophils but the bacteria still induced apoptosis to the same extent as non-phagocytosed Mtb. Mtb-induced apoptosis was strictly dependent on NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species, compounds shown to damage lysosomal granules. Despite this, we found no involvement of damaged azurophilic granules in Mtb-induced apoptosis in human neutrophils. Instead, the Mtb-induced apoptosis was p38 MAPK dependent and induced through the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, Mtb deficient of mature lipoproteins lacked the determinants required for induction of neutrophil apoptosis. These results show that Mtb exert a strong intrinsic capacity to induce apoptosis in neutrophils that is capable of overcoming the anti-apoptotic signaling in the cell.
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| 40. |
- Roxhed, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Multianalyte serology in home-sampled blood enables an unbiased assessment of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serological testing is essential to curb the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most assays are still limited to single analytes and samples collected within healthcare. Thus, we establish a multianalyte and multiplexed approach to reliably profile IgG and IgM levels against several versions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins (S, RBD, N) in home-sampled dried blood spots (DBS). We analyse DBS collected during spring of 2020 from 878 random and undiagnosed individuals from the population in Stockholm, Sweden, and use classification approaches to estimate an accumulated seroprevalence of 12.5% (95% CI: 10.3%-14.7%). This includes 5.4% of the samples being IgG(+)IgM(+) against several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as well as 2.1% being IgG(-)IgM(+) and 5.0% being IgG(+)IgM(-) for the virus' S protein. Subjects classified as IgG(+) for several SARS-CoV-2 proteins report influenza-like symptoms more frequently than those being IgG(+) for only the S protein (OR=6.1; p<0.001). Among all seropositive cases, 30% are asymptomatic. Our strategy enables an accurate individual-level and multiplexed assessment of antibodies in home-sampled blood, assisting our understanding about the undiagnosed seroprevalence and diversity of the immune response against the coronavirus. Here, Roxhed et al. develop a multiplexed approach to screen IgG and IgM levels against several SARS-CoV-2 proteins in home-sampled dried blood spots and estimate seroprevalence of 12.5% in Stockholm in spring of 2020.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Salovaara, S., et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged transit time through the stomach and small intestine improves iron dialyzability and uptake in vitro
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 51:17, s. 5131-5136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron dialyzability and uptake in relation to transit time through the stomach and small intestine was investigated using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model in combination with Caco-2 cells. Three test meals were evaluated, consisting of lactic fermented vegetables with white (I) or whole meal bread (II) and of sourdough-fermented rye bread (III). Three transit times were tested (fast, medium, and slow transport). Iron dialyzability and absorption differed significantly between medium and slow transit time for meal I and between fast and medium transit time for meal III. For meal II, high in phytate, the iron dialyzability and absorption were low irrespective of transit time. The meals could be ranked with respect to iron dialyzability and uptake in the order I > III > II. Although the in vitro models used have limitations compared to in vivo experiments, the results suggest that an increased transit time may improve iron availability.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Simark-Mattsson, Charlotte, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced immune responses to purified protein derivative and Candida albicans in oral lichen planus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0904-2512. ; 42:9, s. 691-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundImpairment of cellular immunity is reported in lichen planus, an autoimmune disease affecting mucosae and skin. Our aim was to investigate immune responses directed against a set of microbial antigens in patients with oral lichen planus and in matched controls. MethodsVenous blood was obtained, and the mononuclear cells were enriched by density gradient centrifugation. The proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed, following stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), Candida albicans, phytohemagglutinin or when cells were left unstimulated, after three or six days of cell culture. The production of interleukin-1 ss (IL-1 ss), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, interferon- (IFN-), tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-), G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-ss was assessed in supernatants using the Bio-plex((R)) assay and was complemented with ELISA for selected cytokines. ResultsPatients with oral lichen planus demonstrated reduced proliferative responses against PPD (P<0.05) and C. albicans (P<0.05). The majority of investigated cytokines, including the pro-inflammatory, IFN- and TNF- were expressed at reduced levels in PPD-stimulated supernatants from patients with oral lichen planus. ConclusionsCollectively, the findings suggested that memory lymphocytes from patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) may have an impaired functional ability to react against certain recall antigens, as part of a generalized response, which may reflect immune regulatory processes. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of down-regulation in OLP pathogenesis and progression.
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| 45. |
- Sjögård, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Tankar om telefonen : Att fånga teknikens betydelse med en frågelista
- 2005
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Ingår i: Frågelistan som källa och metod. - 9144039182
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uppsatsen handlar om en frågelista som författaren utarbetade för den dokumentation som Folklivsarkivet vid Lunds universitet bedriver. Frågelistan skulle med hjälp av arkivets fasta meddelarstab dokumentera hur telefonen förändrade vardagen. Uppsatsen behandlar arbetet att konstruera frågelistan och vilket resultat och kunskap som kunde nås med hjälp av svaren.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Säljö, Roger, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Reasoning with mental tools and physical artefacts in everyday problem-solving
- 2006
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Ingår i: In L. Verschaffel, Dochy, F., Boekaerts, M. & Vosniadou, S. (eds). Instructional psychology. Past, present and future trends: sixteen essays in honour of Eric de Corte. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0080450210 ; , s. 73-90
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Sörman, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of Mental Health Conditions in Criminal Cases : A Survey Study Involving Swedish Lay Judges
- 2020
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Ingår i: Criminal Justice and Behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 47:6, s. 688-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perceptions of mental health conditions influence how individuals with psychiatric diagnoses are treated within the community, in the legal system, and at different institutions. We examined perceptions of mental health conditions among lay judges (N = 643), working at district and appellate courts throughout Sweden. Participants read a web-based survey including a crime vignette in which the person charged with a crime was described as having schizophrenia (n = 186), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with psychopathic traits (n = 219), or intellectual disability (n = 238). Participants' perceptions of schizophrenia were largely in line with Swedish legislation regarding the medicolegal concept of severe mental disturbance (SMD). Findings were more varied for the other two conditions, however. Perceptions of individuals with ASPD with psychopathic traits were not consistent with the Swedish SMD legislation. The results highlight the complexity of legislation addressing mental illness and criminality.
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