| 1. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction of a multimodal pain rehabilitation intervention in primary care : a pilot study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine - Clinical Communications. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2003-0711. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate patient-reported outcome measures in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain 1 year after participation in a case manager-led multimodal rehabilitation intervention in a Finnish primary care centre. Changes in healthcare utilization (HCU) were also explored.Methods: A prospective pilot study with 36 participants. The intervention consisted of screening, multidisciplinary team assessment, a rehabilitation plan and case manager follow-up. Data were collected through questionnaires filled in after the team assessment and 1 year later. HCU data 1 year before and 1 year after team assessment were compared.Results: At follow-up, satisfaction with vocational situation, self-reported work ability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) had improved and pain intensity had diminished significantly for all participants. The participants who reduced their HCU improved their activity level and HRQoL. Early intervention by a psychologist and mental health nurse was distinctive for the participants who reduced HCU at follow-up.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of early biopsychosocial management of patients with chronic pain in primary care. Identification of psychological risk factors at an early stage may lead to better psychosocial wellbeing, improve coping strategy and reduce HCU. A case manager may free up other resources and thereby contribute to cost savings.
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| 3. |
- Chartkunchand, Kiattichart C., et al.
(författare)
-
Dianion diagnostics in DESIREE : High-sensitivity detection of C-n(2-) from a sputter ion source
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 89:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sputter ion source with a solid graphite target has been used to produce dianions with a focus on carbon cluster dianions, C-n(2-), with n = 7-24. Singly and doubly charged anions from the source were accelerated together to kinetic energies of 10 keV per atomic unit of charge and injected into one of the cryogenic (13 K) ion-beam storage rings of the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment facility at Stockholm University. Spontaneous decay of internally hot C-n(2-) dianions injected into the ring yielded C-n(2-) anions with kinetic energies of 20 keV, which were counted with a microchannel plate detector. Mass spectra produced by scanning the magnetic field of a 90 degrees analyzing magnet on the ion injection line reflect the production of internally hot C-7(2-) - C-24(2-) dianions with lifetimes in the range of tens of microseconds to milliseconds. In spite of the high sensitivity of this method, no conclusive evidence of C-6(2-) was found while there was a clear C-7(2-) signal with the expected isotopic distribution. This is consistent with earlier experimental studies and with theoretical predictions. An upper limit is deduced for a C-6(2-) signal that is two orders-of-magnitude smaller than that for C-7(2-). In addition, CnO2- and CnCu2- dianions were detected.
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| 4. |
- Chartkunchand, Kiattichart C., et al.
(författare)
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Radiative lifetimes of the bound excited states of Pt-
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 94:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 American Physical Society.The intrinsic radiative lifetimes of the 5d106sS1/22 and 5d96s2 D3/22 bound excited states in the platinum anion Pt- have been studied at cryogenic temperatures at the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment (DESIREE) facility at Stockholm University. The intrinsic lifetime of the higher-lying 5d106s S1/22 state was measured to be 2.54±0.10s, while only a lifetime in the range of 50-200 ms could be estimated for the 5d96s2 D3/22 fine-structure level. The storage lifetime of the Pt- ion beam was measured to be a little over 15 min at a ring temperature of 13K. The present study reports the lifetime of an atomic negative ion in an excited bound state with an electron configuration different from that of the ground state.
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Cryogenic merged-ion-beam experiments in DESIREE : Final-state-resolved mutual neutralization of Li+ and D-
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 102:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed an experimental technique to study charge-and energy-flow processes in sub-eV collisions between oppositely charged, internally cold, ions of atoms, molecules, and clusters. Two ion beams are stored in separate rings of the cryogenic ion-beam storage facility DESIREE, and merged in a common straight section where a set of biased drift tubes is used to control the center-of-mass collision energy locally in fine steps. Here, we present measurements on mutual neutralization between Li+ and D- where a time-sensitive imaging-detector system is used to measure the three-dimensional distance between the neutral Li and D atoms as they reach the detector. This scheme allows for direct measurements of kinetic-energy releases, and here it reveals separate populations of the 3s state and the (3p + 3d) states in neutral Li while the D atom is left in its ground state 1s. The branching fraction of the 3s final state is measured to be 57.8 +/- 0.7% at a center-of-mass collision energy of 78 +/- 13 meV. The technique paves the way for studies of charge-, energy-, and mass-transfer reactions in single collisions involving molecular and cluster ions in well-defined quantum states.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kristiansson, Moa K., 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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High-precision electron affinity of oxygen
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative ions are important in many areas of science and technology, e.g., in interstellar chemistry, for accelerator-based radionuclide dating, and in anti-matter research. They are unique quantum systems where electron-correlation effects govern their properties. Atomic anions are loosely bound systems, which with very few exceptions lack optically allowed transitions. This limits prospects for high-resolution spectroscopy, and related negative-ion detection methods. Here, we present a method to measure negative ion binding energies with an order of magnitude higher precision than what has been possible before. By laser-manipulation of quantum-state populations, we are able to strongly reduce the background from photodetachment of excited states using a cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring where keV ion beams can circulate for up to hours. The method is applicable to negative ions in general and here we report an electron affinity of 1.461 112 972(87) eV for O-16. High-precision measurements are useful to find isotopic shifts and electron correlation. Here the authors measure electron affinity and hyperfine splitting of atomic oxygen with higher precision than previous studies.
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| 8. |
- Lind, Carl Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevention of work-related ill-health
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents strategies targeting prevention of work-related ill-health, and how the use of smart workwear (wearables) can facilitate these strategies
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lind, Carl Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing postural load in order picking through a smart workwear system using real-time vibrotactile feedback
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vibrotactile feedback training may be one possible method for interventions that target at learning better work technique and improving postures in manual handling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of real-time vibrotactile feedback using a smart workwear system for work postures intervention in industrial order picking. Fifteen workers at an industrial manufacturing plant performed order-picking tasks, in which the vibrotactile feedback was used for postural training at work. The trunk and upper arm postures were recorded by the system. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted about the users’ experience of the system. The results showed reduced time in adverse postures for the trunk and upper arms when the workers received feedback, and for trunk postures also after feedback withdrawal. The workers perceived the system as usable, comfortable and supportive for learning.
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| 11. |
- Abtahi, Farhad, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Big Data & Wearable Sensors Ensuring Safety and Health @Work
- 2017
-
Ingår i: GLOBAL HEALTH 2017, The Sixth International Conference on Global Health Challenges. - 9781612086040
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- —Work-related injuries and disorders constitute a major burden and cost for employers, society in general and workers in particular. We@Work is a project that aims to develop an integrated solution for promoting and supporting a safe and healthy working life by combining wearable technologies, Big Data analytics, ergonomics, and information and communication technologies. The We@Work solution aims to support the worker and employer to ensure a healthy working life through pervasive monitoring for early warnings, prompt detection of capacity-loss and accurate risk assessments at workplace as well as self-management of a healthy working life. A multiservice platform will allow unobtrusive data collection at workplaces. Big Data analytics will provide real-time information useful to prevent work injuries and support healthy working life
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| 12. |
- Allerup, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av rapportering till CLRTAP NFR 1A och 5 map EMEP Guidebook 2013, steg 2
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige rapporterar årligen emissioner till luft för uppföljning av Sveriges åtaganden gentemot de olika protokollen under FN:s Luftkonvention (UNECE CLRTAP) samt EU:s Takdirektiv (NEC). Vid ett flertal tillfällen har det framkommit att Sveriges inventering av luftföroreningar är ofullständig och alltså saknar utsläpp från vissa källor och av vissa ämnen. Det innebär bland annat att beräknade nationella totaler troligtvis är underskattade, vilket försvårar arbetet med att följa upp de olika åtagandena. I den senaste ERT-granskarrapporten rekommenderas att Sverige förbättrar fullständigheten av sin rapportering, och det påpekas att detta kan ske genom att applicera default-faktorer från EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2013. I de fall där det finns default-metoder och default-emissionsfaktorer tillgängliga i EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2013 för koderna NFR 1A och NFR 5 (A, B1, B2, D1, D2, D3, E) och Sverige har rapporterat ”NE” (Not estimated) eller ”NA” (Not applicable), har vi i denna studie gjort beräkningar genom att applicera default-emissionsfaktorn på aktivitetsdata. För avfallssektorn har en del ny aktivitetsdata implementerats för att matcha default emissionsfaktorer från Guidebook. De beräknade emissionerna står endast för en liten del av den nationella totalen för respektive ämne som rapporteras till submission 2015 och de nya beräkningarna kommer att implementeras i inventeringen.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Frames for choice and market characteristics - a Swedish case study of community mental health services in change
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 5:3, s. 227-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and analyse structural frames for choice, as well as characteristics of a free-choice market, implemented in community mental health services in Sweden. Day centres were focused. A case study was conducted. Documents were collected and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-eight agents involved in the implementation process. Content analysis of data showed that users’ freedom of choice was influenced by detailed regulation. Freedom of choice was extended, but it was also substantially reduced. The gain or loss of freedom of choice depended on which aspects of the system were emphasised. Features, which could be interpreted as paternalistic, were once again structurally embedded, despite a system addressing individual freedom of choice. Further, the market did not seem to be adjusted for the average user of community mental health services.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Freedom of choice or cost efficiency? : the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 18:2, s. 129-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study investigates the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services using the example of day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities. It was conducted in a major city that was about to implement a free-choice market system due to a new legislation that made it feasible. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Agents situated in different parts of the organization were interviewed one year before and two years after the free-choice system was launched in 2010. Data showed a top–down political process. A majority of the intentions of the legislation advocated individual autonomy as the market system's main purpose; only one concerned organizational efficiency. Data reflected, however, that financial efficiency dominated the agents' experiences of the implemented system. The twofold market purpose was clearly reflected in the interviews. Front-line staff hoped for improvements mainly for the users, whereas managers mainly focused on the market as a resource allocator.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The implementation of a Free-choice Market System in Swedish Community Mental Health Services by the Example of Day Centres
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Jubilee Congress 50 years WASP World Association of Social Psychiatry, London, November 13-15, 2014..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marketization in community mental health services is a new phenomenon and might be the most comprehensive reform in the field since the deinstitutionalisation that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. Historically, mental health services have been characterized by discipline and paternalistic practices.There has been an absence ofwhat is now, due to the new organizational model based on individual freedom of choice, is to be introduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services, using the example of day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities. The study was conducted in a major city that was about to implement a free-choice market system due to a new legislation. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Agents situated in different parts of the organization were interviewed one year before and two years after the free-choice system was launched in 2010. Data showed a top-down political process. The policy intentions of the new Act were in focus when studying the relation between policy and practice during the implementation process. A majority of the policy intentions of the new Act advocated individual autonomy as the market system’s main purpose, only one intention concerned organizational efficiency. Interview data reflected, however, that financial efficiency dominated the agents’ experiences of the implemented system. The twofold market purpose was clearly reflected in the interviews. Front-line staff hoped for improvements mainly for the users, when managers mainly focused on the market as a resource allocator.
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| 16. |
- Andreasson, Håkan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A numerical investigation of the steady states of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 26:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct, by numerical means, static solutions of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system and investigate various features of the solutions. This extends a previous investigation (Andreasson and Rein 2007 Class. Quantum Grav. 24 1809) of the chargeless case. We study the possible shapes of the energy density profile as a function of the area radius when the electric charge of an individual particle is varied as a parameter. We find profiles which are multi-peaked, where the peaks are separated either by vacuum or a thin atmosphere, and we find that for a sufficiently large charge parameter the solutions break down at a finite radius. Furthermore, we investigate the inequality root M <= root R/3 + root R/9 + Q(2)/3R, which is derived in Andreasson (2009 Commun. Math. Phys. 288 715) for general matter models, and we find that it is sharp for the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system. Here M is the ADM mass, Q is the charge and R is the area radius of the boundary of the static object. We find two classes of solutions with this property, while there is only one in the chargeless case. In particular we find numerical evidence for the existence of arbitrarily thin shell solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system. Finally, we consider one-parameter families of steady states, and we find spirals in the mass-radius diagram for all examples of the microscopic equation of state which we consider.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bense, László, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary gas conducting interstitial pathway.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 4:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the growing efforts oriented towards revealing different aspects of emphysema, the persistence of the emphysematous or emphysema-like changes (ELCs) is not explored yet in the open literature. In this study we demonstrate the persistence of an ELC for 22 years in a spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) patient which indicates a hitherto unknown gas supply to the ELC. For this purpose we used high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images processed into three-dimensional (3D) geometry. By the same token, not only a long persistence but also the volume increase of this ELC between 2002 and 2010 was demonstrated. The 3D geometry visualized an aerated interstitial structure between the sites of supposed gas leakage at the wall of the third generation airways and the ELC. This potential gas conducting interstitial pathway is not a continuation and has neither the form nor the structure of a bronchus. The finding suggests that in this patient the intrabronchial gas passes through the bronchial wall and via a gas conducting interstitial pathway reaches the ELC. Despite the availability of the presently employed techniques for at least 15 years, such case and phenomenon have not been described previously. The retrieval of the patient suggests that the findings could be relevant for a considerable proportion of the population.
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| 19. |
- Bergström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Preliminär skattning av utsläpp av växthusgaser 2012
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket har fått ett informellt uppdrag från regeringskansliet att rapportera grovt uppskattade utsläpp av växthusgaser för år 2012 den 15 april 2013.Med tanke på den tidigarelagda publiceringen av preliminära utsläppsskattningar 2012 levereras skattningarna med en något annan sektorsindelning än till ordinarie rapportering. Utsläppen redovisas i Gg CO2-ekvivalenter totalt samt per sektor enligt den modifierade sektorsindelningen. Metodiken baseras i huvudsak på SMED 20121. Förutsättningarna och metodvalet skiljer sig åt mellan olika sektorer. För utsläpp från energiproduktion och transporter samt i viss mån industriprocesser och avfallsförbränning har data avseende 2012 funnits tillgängliga och utnyttjats. Utsläpp från jordbruk och avfallshantering exklusive förbränning har skattats genom framskrivning av tidigare års utsläpp med linjär regression.Resultatet av beräkningarna blev att Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser 2012 uppgick till 58 260 Gg CO2-ekvivalenter exklusive utrikes transporter. Det innebär en minskning med 5 procent jämfört med 2011 års utsläpp enligt submission 2013. Totalt 76 procent av utsläppen har beräknats baserat på uppdaterade data avseende 2012. Resultatet är preliminärt och 2012 års utsläpp kommer i viss mån att revideras till ordinarie submission 2014
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| 20. |
- Bergström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminär skattning av utsläpp av växthusgaser 2013
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket har uppdragit åt SMED att utföra preliminära skattningar av utsläpp av växthusgaser 2013 för publicering i slutet av april 2014. Med tanke på den korta tidsfristen och den i vissa fall begränsade tillgången till uppdaterade indata levereras skattningarna med en något annan sektorsindelning än till ordinarie rapportering. Utsläppen redovisas i Gg CO2-ekvivalenter totalt samt per sektor enligt den modifierade sektorsindelningen. Metodiken baseras i huvudsak på SMED 20121 och 1996 års rapporterings- och metodriktlinjer från UNFCCC och IPCC. Förutsättningarna och metodvalet skiljer sig åt mellan olika sektorer. För utsläpp från energiproduktion och transporter samt i viss mån industriprocesser och avfallsförbränning har data avseende 2013 funnits tillgängliga och utnyttjats. Utsläpp från jordbruk och avfallshantering exklusive förbränning har skattats genom framskrivning av tidigare års utsläpp med linjär regression. Resultatet av beräkningarna blev att Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser 2013 var 55 657 Gg CO2-ekvivalenter exklusive utrikes transporter. Det innebär en minskning med 3 procent jämfört med 2012 års utsläpp enligt submission 2014. Totalt 80 procent av utsläppen har beräknats baserat på uppdaterade data avseende 2013. Resultatet är preliminärt och 2013 års utsläpp kommer att revideras till ordinarie submission 2015. Inga osäkerhetsskattningar har gjorts. Den preliminära skattningen av 2012 års utsläpp som rapporterades i april 2013 enligt samma metodik var drygt en procent högre på aggregerad nivå än den slutgiltiga rapporteringen i submission 2014. Detta kan ge en grov fingervisning om den förväntade avvikelsen från den slutgiltiga skattningen. Den preliminära skattningen av 2013 års utsläpp som redovisas här kommer dock inte att vara direkt jämförbar med submission 2015 på grund av bytet av riktlinjer.
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| 21. |
- Bousquet, J., et al.
(författare)
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ARIA 2016 : Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 6:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (3) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders that could be used globally for all countries and populations. ARIA - disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally - is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways for the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group and by patients themselves. An app (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.
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| 22. |
- Bousquet, J., et al.
(författare)
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Building Bridges for Innovation in Ageing : Synergies between Action Groups of the EIP on AHA
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - : Springer Nature. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 21:1, s. 92-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Strategic Implementation Plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) proposed six Action Groups. After almost three years of activity, many achievements have been obtained through commitments or collaborative work of the Action Groups. However, they have often worked in silos and, consequently, synergies between Action Groups have been proposed to strengthen the triple win of the EIP on AHA. The paper presents the methodology and current status of the Task Force on EIP on AHA synergies. Synergies are in line with the Action Groups' new Renovated Action Plan (2016-2018) to ensure that their future objectives are coherent and fully connected. The outcomes and impact of synergies are using the Monitoring and Assessment Framework for the EIP on AHA (MAFEIP). Eight proposals for synergies have been approved by the Task Force: Five cross-cutting synergies which can be used for all current and future synergies as they consider overarching domains (appropriate polypharmacy, citizen empowerment, teaching and coaching on AHA, deployment of synergies to EU regions, Responsible Research and Innovation), and three cross-cutting synergies focussing on current Action Group activities (falls, frailty, integrated care and chronic respiratory diseases).
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| 23. |
- Brorström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbar framtid : en seminarieserie om hållbart företagande
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2012 och 2013 genomfördes fyra seminarier under huvudrubriken Hållbartföretagande som ett samarrangemang mellan Borås Tidning och Högskolani Borås. Uppmärksammade och inflytelserika företagsledare och samhällsaktöreri regionen föreläste om sina erfarenheter av verksamhetsutveckling och uppfattningaroch tolkningar av innebörden av begreppet hållbar utveckling. Föreläsningarnaföljdes av paneldiskussioner och frågor och kommentarer från seminariedeltagarna.Seminarierna dokumenterades och följdes upp med personliga intervjuer iform av sju porträtt med fokus på uppfattningar om hållbar utveckling och vilkautmaningarna är för samhälle och företag. De sju beskrivningarna och porträttenhar sedan tillsammans med intryck och observationer vid seminarierna legattill grund för fyra kapitel författade av gruppen bakom seminarieserien. MikaelLöfström, universitetslektor i företagsekonomi, skriver om gränser för hållbartföretagande, Karin M. Ekström, professor i företagsekonomi, om innebördenoch betydelsen av möten, Stefan Eklund, chefredaktör på Borås Tidning, omden digitala människan och Björn Brorström, professor i företagsekonomi, omden egentliga innebörden av hållbar utveckling. Därefter ombads författaren ochjournalisten Göran Greider att skriva ett slutord baserat på samtliga texter ochutifrån egna perspektiv på hållbar utveckling.Alla dessa delar är samlade i rapporten Hållbar framtid. Den publiceras i Högskolani Borås rapportserie Vetenskap för profession, vars syfte dels är att spridakunskap om resultat av pågående och avslutad forskning vid högskolan, dels medverkatill debatt om förhållningssätt till utbildning och forskning och högskolorsoch universitets roll och ansvar för en gynnsam samhällsutveckling.Denna rapport kommer förhoppningsvis att ligga till grund för diskussionerkring innebörden och nödvändigheten av hållbar utveckling i en bred bemärkelse.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Brännmark, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Leaninspirerade förändringar och personalens upplevelser
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Lean i arbetslivet. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147105601 ; , s. 103-121
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De anställdas upplevelser av hur de kommer att påverkas av ett förändringskoncept är en avgörande faktor för om konceptet kommer att få reellt genomslag eller inte. Det här kapitlet behandlar denna centrala aspekt av leankonceptet – hur personalen upplever leaninspirerade förändringar. Just denna fråga finns det mycket lite empirisk forskning kring, så väl internationellt som i Sverige.I kapitlet redovisas en studie av personalens erfarenheter från leanarbetet i medelstora svenska tillverkningsföretag som ingått i det nationella programmet Produktionslyftet. Programmet kan ses som ett exempel på en ”svensk tolkning” av lean. Produktionslyftet har fått stort genomslag i den svenska diskussionen om lean, men samtidigt har konsekvenserna av lean ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv inte utvärderats på ett genomgripande sätt.
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| 26. |
- Buchholt, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth and characterization of epitaxial Ti3GeC2 thin films on 4H-SiC(0001)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 343:1, s. 133-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial Ti3GeC2 thin films were deposited on 4 degrees off-cut 4H-SiC(0001) using magnetron sputtering from high purity Ti, C, and Ge targets. Scanning electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy show that the Ti3GeC2 films grow by lateral step-flow with {11 (2) over bar0} faceting on the SiC surface. Using elastic recoil detection analysis, atomic force microscopy, and X-Ray diffraction the films were found to be substoichiometric in Ge with the presence of small Ge particles at the surface of the film.
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| 27. |
- Buchholt, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Ohmic contact properties of magnetron sputtered Ti3SiC2 on n- and p-type 4H-silicon carbide
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:4, s. 042108-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial Ti3SiC2 (0001) thin film contacts were grown on doped 4H-SiC (0001) using magnetron sputtering in an ultra high vacuum system. The specific contact resistance was investigated using linear transmission line measurements. Rapid thermal annealing at 950 degrees C for 1 min of as-deposited films yielded ohmic contacts to n-type SiC with contact resistances in the order of 10(-4) Omega cm(2). Transmission electron microscopy shows that the interface between Ti3SiC2 and n-type SiC is atomically sharp with evidence of interfacial ordering after annealing. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics.
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| 28. |
- Byström, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity proteomic profiling of plasma for proteins associated to area-based mammographic breast density
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mammographic breast density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer, but molecular understanding of how breast density relates to cancer risk is less complete. Studies of proteins in blood plasma, possibly associated with mammographic density, are well-suited as these allow large-scale analyses and might shed light on the association between breast cancer and breast density. Methods: Plasma samples from 1329 women in the Swedish KARMA project, without prior history of breast cancer, were profiled with antibody suspension bead array (SBA) assays. Two sample sets comprising 729 and 600 women were screened by two different SBAs targeting a total number of 357 proteins. Protein targets were selected through searching the literature, for either being related to breast cancer or for being linked to the extracellular matrix. Association between proteins and absolute area-based breast density (AD) was assessed by quantile regression, adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Results: Plasma profiling revealed linear association between 20 proteins and AD, concordant in the two sets of samples (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of seven proteins were positively associated and 13 proteins negatively associated with AD. For eleven of these proteins evidence for gene expression in breast tissue existed. Among these, ABCC11, TNFRSF10D, F11R and ERRF were positively associated with AD, and SHC1, CFLAR, ACOX2, ITGB6, RASSF1, FANCD2 and IRX5 were negatively associated with AD. Conclusions: Screening proteins in plasma indicates associations between breast density and processes of tissue homeostasis, DNA repair, cancer development and/or progression in breast cancer. Further validation and follow-up studies of the shortlisted protein candidates in independent cohorts will be needed to infer their role in breast density and its progression in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Edsbagge, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Biomarkers do not Correlate with CSF Volumes or CSF Production Rate.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - : IOS Press. - 1875-8908 .- 1387-2877. ; 58:3, s. 821-828
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of a 42 amino acid peptide called amyloid-β (Aβ42) in extracellular senile plaques together with intraneuronal inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal degeneration. These changes are reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the volumes and production rates of which vary considerably between individuals, by reduced concentration of Aβ42, increased concentration of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) protein, and increased concentration of total tau (T-tau) protein, respectively.To examine the outstanding question if CSF concentrations of AD associated biomarkers are influenced by variations in CSF volumes, CSF production rate, and intracranial pressure in healthy individuals.CSF concentrations of Aβ42, P-tau, and T-tau, as well as a number of other AD-related CSF biomarkers were analyzed together with intracranial subarachnoid, ventricular, and spinal CSF volumes, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging volumetric measurements, and CSF production rate in 19 cognitively normal healthy subjects (mean age 70.6, SD 3.6 years).Negative correlations were seen between the concentrations of three CSF biomarkers (albumin ratio, Aβ38, and Aβ40), and ventricular CSF volume, but apart from this finding, no significant correlations were observed.These results speak against inter-individual variations in CSF volume and production rate as important confounds in the AD biomarker research field.
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| 31. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Dependence of the colored frequency noise in spin torque oscillators on current and magnetic field
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 104:9, s. 092405-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nano-scale spin torque oscillator (STO) is a compelling device for on-chip, highly tunable microwave frequency signal generation. Currently, one of the most important challenges for the STO is to increase its longer-time frequency stability by decreasing the 1/f frequency noise, but its high level makes even its measurement impossible using the phase noise mode of spectrum analyzers. Here, we present a custom made time-domain measurement system with 150MHz measurement bandwidth making possible the investigation of the variation of the 1/f as well as the white frequency noise in a STO over a large set of operating points covering 18-25GHz. The 1/f level is found to be highly dependent on the oscillation amplitude-frequency non-linearity and the vicinity of unexcited oscillation modes. These findings elucidate the need for a quantitative theoretical treatment of the low-frequency, colored frequency noise in STOs. Based on the results, we suggest that the 1/f frequency noise possibly can be decreased by improving the microstructural quality of the metallic thin films.
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| 32. |
- Eklund, Anders, 1986-
(författare)
-
Microwave Frequency Stability and Spin Wave Mode Structure in Nano-Contact Spin Torque Oscillators
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nano-contact spin torque oscillator (NC-STO) is an emerging device for highly tunable microwave frequency generation in the range from 0.1 GHz to above 65 GHz with an on-chip footprint on the scale of a few μm. The frequency is inherent to the magnetic material of the NC-STO and is excited by an electrical DC current by means of the spin torque transfer effect. Although the general operation is well understood, more detailed aspects such as a generally nonlinear frequency versus current relationship, mode-jumping and high device-to-device variability represent open questions. Further application-oriented questions are related to increasing the electrical output power through synchronization of multiple NC-STOs and integration with CMOS integrated circuits.This thesis consists of an experimental part and a simulation part. Experimentally, for the frequency stability it is found that the slow but strong 1/f-type frequency fluctuations are related to the degree of nonlinearity and the presence of perturbing, unexcited modes. It is also found that the NC-STO can exhibit up to three propagating spin wave oscillation modes with different frequencies and can randomly jump between them. These findings were made possible through the development of a specialized microwave time-domain measurement circuit. Another instrumental achievement was made with synchrotron X-rays, where we image dynamically the magnetic internals of an operating NC-STO device and reveal a spin wave mode structure with a complexity significantly higher than the one predicted by the present theory.In the simulations, we are able to reproduce the nonlinear current dependence by including spin wave-reflecting barriers in the nm-thick metallic, magnetic free layer. A physical model for the barriers is introduced in the form of metal grain boundaries with reduced magnetic exchange coupling. Using the experimentally measured average grain size of 30 nm, the spin wave mode structure resulting from the grain model is able to reproduce the experimentally found device nonlinearity and high device-to-device variability.In conclusion, the results point out microscopic material grains in the metallic free layer as the reason behind the nonlinear frequency versus current behavior and multiple propagating spin wave modes and thereby as a source of device-to-device variability and frequency instability.
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| 33. |
- Eklund, Birgitta I., 1966-
(författare)
-
Role of Multiple Glutathione Transferases in Bioactivation of Thiopurine Prodrugs : Studies of Human Soluble Glutathione Transferases from Alpha, Kappa, Mu, Omega, Pi, Theta, and Zeta Classes
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A screening method was developed for identification of catalytically active enzymes in combinatorial cDNA libraries of mutated glutathione transferase (GST) derivatives expressed in E. coli. The method is based on spraying monochlorobimane (MCB) directly over bacterial colonies growing on agar. The substrate MCB become fluorescent under UV light, when the bacterial colony contains active GSTs catalyzing the conjugation with endogenous glutathione. Eleven out of twelve GSTs investigated where active with MCB. This method can be used to screen libraries generated from most cytosolic GSTs in the search for proteins with altered functions and structures. Azathioprine (Aza), a thiopurine that has been used clinically for 40 years was investigated with 14 GSTs. Three enzymes showed prominent catalytic activities with Aza and all of them are highly expressed in the liver. We estimated the contribution of the three enzymes GSTs A1-1, A2-2 and M1-1 bioactivation of Aza in the liver and concluded that it was about 2 orders of magnitude more effective than the uncatalyzed reaction. GST bioactivation of Aza could clarify aspects of idiosyncratic reactions observed in some individuals. Two other thiopurine prodrugs, cis-acetylvinylthiopurine (cAVTP) and trans-acetylvinylthioguanine (tAVTG), were investigated with the same 14 GSTs. The results displayed diverse catalytic activities. A mechanism of consecutive reactions was proposed. The studies contribute to knowledge under what conditions the drug should optimally be administered. A study of the same prodrugs with several mutants from the Mu class characterized by a point mutation of a hypervarible residue. We conclude that the effects of the mutations were qualitatively parallel for cAVTP and tAVTG, but they vary significantly in magnitude; steric hindrance may interfere with transition-state stabilization. From the evolutionary perspective the data show that a point mutation can alternatively enhance or attenuate the activity with a particular substrate and illustrate the functional plasticity of GSTs.
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| 34. |
- Eklund, Elin, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Quasi-experimental evaluation of municipal ice cleat distribution programmes for older adults in Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 29:5, s. 378-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionFall injuries caused by icy road conditions are a prevalent public health problem during winters in Sweden, especially in older populations. To combat this problem, many Swedish municipalities have distributed ice cleats to older adults. While previous research has shown promising results, there is a lack of comprehensive empirical data on the effectiveness of ice cleat distribution. We address this gap by investigating the impact of these distribution programmes on ice-related fall injuries among older adults. MethodsWe combined survey data on ice cleat distribution in Swedish municipalities with injury data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR). The survey was used to identify municipalities that have distributed ice cleats to older adults at some point between 2001 and 2019. Data from NPR were used to identify municipality-level data on patients who have been treated for injuries related to snow and ice. We used a triple differences design-a generalisation of difference in differences-that compared ice-related fall injury rates before and after intervention in 73 treatment and 200 control municipalities, with unexposed age groups serving as within-municipality controls. ResultsWe estimate that the average ice cleat distribution programmes reduced ice-related fall injury rates by -0.24 (95% CI -0.49 to 0.02) per 1000 person-winters. The impact estimate was larger in municipalities that distributed more ice cleats (-0.38 (95% CI -0.76 to -0.09)). No similar patterns were found for fall injuries unrelated to snow and ice. ConclusionOur results suggest that ice cleat distribution can decrease the incidence of ice-related injuries among older adults.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Eklund, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Smart work clothes give better health - Through improved work technique, work organization and production technology
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, IEA 2018. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960821 ; , s. 515-519
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) constitute a major health problem for employees, and the economic consequences are substantial for the individuals, companies and the society. The ageing population creates a need for jobs to be sustainable so that employees can stay healthy and work longer. Prevention of MSD risks therefore needs to become more efficient, and more effective tools are thus needed for risk management. The use of smart work clothes is a way to automate data collection instead of manual observation. The aim of this paper is to describe a new smart work clothes system that is under development, and to discuss future opportunities using new and smart technology for prevention of work injuries. The system consists of a garment with textile sensors woven into the fabric for sensing heart rate and breathing. Tight and elastic first layer work wear is the basis for these sensors, and there are also pockets for inertial measurement units in order to measure movements and postures. The measurement data are sent wireless to a tablet or a mobile telephone for analysis. Several employees can be followed for a representative time period in order to assess a particular job and its workplace. Secondly, the system may be used for individuals to practice their work technique. The system also gives relevant information to a coach who can give feedback to the employees of how to improve their work technique. Thirdly, the data analysis may also give information to production engineers and managers regarding the risks. The information will support decisions on the type of actions needed, the body parts that are critical and the emergency of taking action.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of an intervention to improve day centre services for people with psychiatric disabilities
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 61:4, s. 268-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities need to be evaluated for effectiveness in order to provide the best possible support. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a tailor-made intervention to improve day centre services for people with psychiatric disabilities.Methods: The intervention was devised to bridge identified gaps in the services and lasted for 14 months. Eight centres were allotted to the intervention (55 attendees) or comparison condition (51 attendees). Fidelity to the intervention and major events in the day centres were assessed. The outcomes were degree of meaningfulness found in the day centre occupations, satisfaction with the rehabilitation received, satisfaction with everyday occupations and quality of life.Results: The fidelity to the intervention was good, but more positive events, such as new occupational opportunities, had taken place in the comparison units. No differences were identified between the intervention and the comparison group regarding changes from baseline to the 14-month follow-up in perceived meaningfulness among day centre occupations, satisfaction with everyday occupations or quality of life.Conclusions: The intervention seemed ineffective, but the positive events in the comparison group resembled the measures included in the tailor-made interventions. This first intervention study in the day centre context has hopefully helped to generate hypotheses and methods for future research.
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| 40. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) versus standard occupational therapy for activity engagement and functioning among people with mental illness - a cluster RCT study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-244X. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many with a mental illness have an impoverished everyday life with few meaningful activities and a sedentary lifestyle. The study aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 16-week Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) program, compared to care as usual (CAU), for people with mental illness in specialized and community-based psychiatric services. The main outcomes concerned different aspects of subjectively evaluated everyday activities, in terms of the engagement and satisfaction they bring, balance among activities, and activity level. Secondary outcomes pertained to various facets of well-being and functioning. It was hypothesized that those who received the BEL intervention would improve more than the comparison group regarding activity, well-being and functioning outcomes.Methods: BEL is a group and activity-based lifestyle intervention. CAU entailed active support, mainly standard occupational therapy. The BEL group included 133 participants and the CAU group 93. They completed self-report questionnaires targeting activity and well-being on three occasions – at baseline, after completed intervention (at 16 weeks) and at a six-month follow-up. A research assistant rated the participants’ level of functioning and symptom severity on the same occasions. Non-parametric statistics were used since these instruments produced ordinal data.Results: The BEL group improved more than the CAU group from baseline to 16 weeks on primary outcomes in terms of activity engagement (p < 0.001), activity level (p = 0.036) and activity balance (p < 0.042). The BEL group also improved more on the secondary outcomes of symptom severity (p < 0.018) and level of functioning (p < 0.046) from baseline to 16 weeks, but not on well-being. High intra-class correlations (0.12–0.22) indicated clustering effects for symptom severity and level of functioning. The group differences on activity engagement (p = 0.001) and activity level (p = 0.007) remained at the follow-up. The BEL group also improved their well-being (quality of life) more than the CAU group from baseline to the follow-up (p = 0.049). No differences were found at that time for activity balance, level of functioning and symptom severity.Conclusion: The BEL program was effective compared to CAU in terms of activity engagement. Their improvements were not, however, greater concerning other subjective perceptions, such as satisfaction with daily activities and self-rated health, and clustering effects lowered the dependability regarding findings of improvements on symptoms and functioning. Although the CAU group had “caught up” at the follow-up, the BEL group had improved more on general quality of life. BEL appeared to be important in shortening the time required for participants to develop their engagement in activity and in attaining improved quality of life in a follow-up perspective.
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| 41. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of valued everyday occupations, empowerment and satisfaction in day centres: implications for services for persons with psychiatric disabilities.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 28:3, s. 582-590
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses predictors of occupational value, empowerment and satisfaction with the rehabilitation received in day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities. These outcomes represent varying aspects of relevance for the day centre context and together create a manifold outcome picture. This was a longitudinal study with approval from the regional research vetting board. Self-report instruments were used, and the investigated predictors motivation for going to the day centre, occupational engagement, socio-demographic factors and self-reported diagnosis. Attendees (N = 108) at 8 day centres participated and filled in self-report questionnaires regarding the predictor and outcome variables. A baseline measurement and a 14-month follow-up composed the data. Occupational engagement at baseline could predict all three outcomes at the follow-up. Motivation for the day centre activities and not preferring work before attending the day centre were positive for satisfaction with the day centre. A low participation rate, although comparable with previous studies on the target group, was a limitation of this study. To conclude, both occupational engagement and motivation are factors that can be stimulated by the staff in day centres. Actions for how to accomplish that, and thereby also more positive outcomes of the day centre services, are proposed, such as a system of freedom of choice among day centres, and between day centres and supported employment.
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| 42. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
The life situation of people with persistent mental illness visiting day centers : a comparative study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Community mental health journal. - : Springer. - 0010-3853 .- 1573-2789. ; 48:5, s. 592-597
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the life situation of visitors of day centers (DC) for people with mental illness (N = 93) with a comparison group (N = 82) in respect of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, care consumption, well-being and everyday activities. The response rate was 49%, and those who declined are believed to be those with the most severe psychiatric disabilities. Most individuals were single (81%/78%) and few had children (12%/18%). The DC group had less education than the comparison group but had a friend more often. Although having their need for daily activities met, the DC group had greater unmet needs in respect of daily living in general. They less frequently reported having a psychosis and had fewer negative and more depressive symptoms. They got more housing support and general outpatient care, while the comparison group used specialized psychiatric care more frequently. The samples were equally satisfied with their care, health and well-being and found their everyday activities equally meaningful. The DC visitors formed a vulnerable group, by living single, having a low level of education and having unmet needs, and were at risk of not getting specialized psychiatric care.
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| 43. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Work experiences among attendees of day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 53:2, s. 377-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is possible that people with psychiatric disabilities who visit day centres have previous work experiences that may be seen as resources for their current engagement in day centre activities. Research in this respect seems to lack, however.OBJECTIVE: To investigate work experiences among attendees at day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities and relationships with current type of day centre (work-oriented, meeting place-oriented or mixed), engagement in day centre activities, motivation and socio-demographic and health-related factors.METHODS: Seventy-seven attendees responded to questionnaires. Global Assessment of Functioning, GAF, was also used. Work was categorised into Group I (professionals, semi-professionals), Group II (clerical support, services workers) and Group III (e.g. craft workers, elementary occupations).RESULTS: Almost everyone had previously had open-market employment; more than half for ≥10 years. Group I was more common in mixed centres, Group II in meeting place-oriented ones and Group III in work-oriented ones. Group I more frequently had college degree and was rated high on GAF functioning. Women were over-represented in Group II, and men in Group III and in meeting place-oriented centres. Attending mixed centres was more likely when having a college degree, scoring high on GAF functioning and being highly engaged in activities. Attendees at work-oriented day centres were characterised by being motivated for spending time alone and reporting a diagnosis of psychosis.CONCLUSIONS: The participants had unused working capacity. No clear-cut relationships were found between work experiences and the investigated correlates.
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| 44. |
- Eklund, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Chromium oxide-based multilayer coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering in an industrial setup
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 203:1, s. 156-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromium oxide-based multilayers were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering in an industrial setup by employing one-fold substrate rotation and cyclic variation of the O2 flow. This simple method allows deposition of multilayers comprising alternating layers of ~ 1 μm thickness of columnar α-Cr2O3 and mixed layers consisting of ~ 50 nm-thick sublayers of amorphous CrOx and nanocrystalline Cr2O3.
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| 45. |
- Eklund, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the active site of tripeptidyl-peptidase II through studies of pH dependence of reaction kinetics
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-9639 .- 1878-1454. ; 1824:4, s. 561-570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPP II) is a subtilisin-like serine protease which forms a large enzyme complex (> 4 MDa). It is considered a potential drug target due to its involvement in specific physiological processes. However, information is scarce concerning the kinetic characteristics of TPP II and its active site features, which are important for design of efficient inhibitors. To amend this, we probed the active site by determining the pH dependence of TPP II catalysis. Access to pure enzyme is a prerequisite for kinetic investigations and herein we introduce the first efficient purification system for heterologously expressed mammalian TPP II. The pH dependence of kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of two different chromogenic substrates, Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA and Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA, was determined for murine, human and Drosophila melanogaster TPP II as well as mutant variants thereof. The investigation demonstrated that TPP II, in contrast to subtilisin, has a bell-shaped pH dependence of kcatapp/KM probably due to deprotonation of the N-terminal amino group of the substrate at higher pH. Since both the KM and kcatapp are lower for cleavage of AAA-pNA than for AAF-pNA we propose that the former can bind non-productively to the active site of the enzyme, a phenomenon previously observed with some substrates for subtilisin. Two mutant variants, H267A and D387G, showed bell-shaped pH-dependence of kcatapp, possibly due to an impaired protonation of the leaving group. This work reveals previously unknown differences between TPP II orthologues and subtilisin as well as features that might be conserved within the entire family of subtilisin-like serine peptidases.
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| 46. |
- Eklund, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Inter-species variation in the pH dependence of tripeptidyl-peptidase II
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPP II) is a large enzyme complex (>4 MDa) participating in the general protein turn-over in the cell downstream of the proteasome. In addition, there have been reports of involvement of TPP II in different physiological situations. To facilitate further investigations of the physiological role of TPP II and its enzymatic properties, a characterization at protein level is necessary. Therefore, an expression system for murine TPP II using Escherichia coli has been developed. The pH-optimum for cleavage of two different chromogenic substrates, Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA and Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA, was investigated for mTPP II, and compared with human TPP II and TPP II from Drosophila melanogaster. It was shown that the mouse enzyme had similar pH dependence as the human enzyme, while dTPP II had a slightly lower optimum. Surprisingly, the investigation also demonstrated that TPP II from all sources showed a different pH-profile for hydrolysis of AAA-pNA compared to AAF-pNA. To investigate this observation further, steady-state kinetic parameters were determined at various pH. Since both the KM and Vmax are lower for cleavage of AAA-pNA, a potential explanation could be that the substrate AAA-pNA is non-productively bound to the active site of the enzyme.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Eliasson, Kristina, 1979-
(författare)
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Occupational health services in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders : Processes, tools and organizational aspects
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are associated with high costs and it is essential to prevent them. Occupational Health Services(OHS) provide expert services regarding work environment, health and rehabilitation of work related disorders. Risk assessments of the work environment can be an initial step for preventive measures, and ergonomists can be assigned by clients to assess exposures in the work environment. For such assignments different tools can be used. The aim of this thesis was to explore prerequisites, processes and practices of OHS consultants in Sweden within the domain of primary prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This was explored through the work of ergonomists in their role of assessing ergonomics risks. The research methodology was both quantitative and qualitative. Data collection includes a web questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and inter- and intra-observer reliability tests. The results shows that ergonomics risk assessments were most commonly initiated reactively and a systematic work methodology for the risk assessment process was often lacking. Swedish ergonomists used only a few standardized tools for risk assessment. The Ergonomics provision from the Swedish Work Environment Authority, AFS-98, was widely used, but other observation-based tools were used far less often. Ergonomics risks were often assessed solely by means of observation, based on ergonomists’ knowledge and experience. The results also pointed to that that the reliability was not acceptable when risk assessment was performed without any standardized tool. Furthermore, the results point to that support from the OHS organizations is an important prerequisite for ergonomists to work with primary prevention. Further, opportunities for specialization within a specific industry sector seem to facilitate ergonomic interventions. It is also important to have close relationships with clients and to make them aware about ergonomists competence. Conclusively, this thesis identifies a numbers of areas in which OHS must develop to improve primary preventive services regarding work environment.
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| 49. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Dose Tamoxifen for Mammographic Density Reduction : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 39:17, s. 1899-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Tamoxifen prevents breast cancer in high-risk women and reduces mortality in the adjuvant setting. Mammographic density change is a proxy for tamoxifen therapy response. We tested whether lower doses of tamoxifen were noninferior to reduce mammographic density and associated with fewer symptoms.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women, 40-74 years of age, participating in the Swedish mammography screening program were invited to the 6-month double-blind six-arm randomized placebo-controlled noninferiority dose-determination KARISMA phase II trial stratified by menopausal status (EudraCT 2016-000882-22). In all, 1,439 women were accrued with 1,230 participants accessible for intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was proportion of women treated with placebo, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg whose mammographic density decreased at least as much as the median reduction in the 20 mg arm. The noninferior margin was 17%. Secondary outcome was reduction of symptoms. Post hoc analyses were performed by menopausal status. Per-protocol population and full population were analyzed in sensitivity analysis.RESULTS: The 1,439 participants, 566 and 873 pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively, were recruited between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2019. The participants had noninferior mammographic density reduction following 2.5, 5, and 10 mg tamoxifen compared with the median 10.1% decrease observed in the 20 mg group, a reduction confined to premenopausal women. Severe vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, cold sweats, and night sweats) were reduced by approximately 50% in the 2.5, 5, and 10 mg groups compared with the 20 mg group.CONCLUSION: Premenopausal women showed noninferior magnitude of breast density decrease at 2.5 mg of tamoxifen, but fewer side effects compared with the standard dose of 20 mg. Future studies should test whether 2.5 mg of tamoxifen reduces the risk of primary breast cancer.
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| 50. |
- Ersson, Carolina
(författare)
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Conditions for resource-efficient production of biofuels for transport in Sweden
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transportation has continued to increase worldwide and fossil-fuel dependency is strong which leads to a number of problems, e.g. increased emissions of green-house gases (GHG) and risks related to energy security. Biofuels have until now been one of the few renewable alternatives which have been able to replace fossil fuels on a large scale. The biofuel share in relation to the total use of fuel in the transportation sector is still small, but in many places in the world political targets are set to increase the share of renewable fuels, of which biofuels are supposed to be an important part. Within the European Union targets for renewable energy have been set, including within the transportation sector, where 10% shall come from renewable sources by 2020 according to the EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU RES). Biofuels also need to fulfill the sustainability criteria in the EU RES, to be regarded as renewable. Depending on how biofuels are produced their resource efficiency varies, and the differences in environmental and economic performance can for instance be significant.The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze conditions for a development towards increased and more resource-efficient production of biofuels in Sweden. The conditions have been studied from a regional resource perspective and from a biofuel producer perspective since it has been assumed that the producers are in possession of important knowledge, and potentially will play an important role in future biofuel development. The concept of resource efficiency used in this thesis includes an environmental and economic perspective as well as an overall societal dimension to some extent. The region of Östergötland in Sweden was used for the assessment of the resourcefocused biofuel potential for the year 2030, where two scenarios based on assessments regarding socio-technical development in relation to regional resources were used. The scenarios were based on semi-structured interviews with biofuel actors, literature studies and information from experts in the field. In the EXPAN (Expansion) scenario a continued development in line with the current one was assumed, but also an increased availability of feedstock primarily within the agricultural and waste sectors (also including byproducts from industry) for biofuel production. In the INNTEK (Innovation and Technology development) scenario greater technological progress was assumed to also enable the use of some unconventional feedstock besides increased available arable land and improved collection/availability of certain feedstock. Biomass feedstock from four categories was included in the potential: waste, agriculture, forestry and aquatic environments. One important feedstock which was not included in this study, but which is often included in studies of potential, is lignocellulosic material from the forest. This choice was also supported by the regional actors who judged it as less probable that there will be any large-scale use of such feedstock for biofuels in this region within the given timeframe. Regarding arable land available for biofuel production a share of 30% was assumed at maximum in the region, of which 15% is already used for cereal production for ethanol fuel. On these additional 15% assumed to be available for biofuel production year 2030, ley cropping for production of biogas was assumed in this study. Aquatic biomass is often not included in biofuel potentials. Here, algae were assumed to be a potentially interesting substrate for biogas production since harvesting algae in for instance the Baltic Sea could be seen as a multifunctional measure, i.e., contributing additional environmental benefits such as reducing eutrophication. Based on the assumption that the energy need in the transportation sector will be the same in 2030 as in 2010, up to 30% could be substituted with biofuels in the EXPAN scenario and up to 50% in the INNTEK scenario, without seriously conflicting with other interests such as food or feed production. In the study of potential, production systems for biogas production were prioritized since such systems were judged to have a large potential for resource efficiency. This is because they have a big capacity to utilize by-products and waste as feedstock, and also because they can contribute to closing the loops of plant nutrients, seen as an important goal in society, if the digestate is returned to arable land.The utilization of by-products and waste however in many cases requires cooperation between different actors in society. Within the research field of industrial symbiosis, cooperation regarding material and energy flows is studied from different perspectives, e.g. how such cooperation between actors evolves and to what extent such cooperation can contribute to improving the environmental and economic performance of systems. Both these perspectives are interesting in relation to biofuels since production often involves a large number of energy- and material flows at the same time as resource efficiency is important. How the producers organize the production when it comes to feedstock, energy, by-products and products and what influences this is therefore interesting to study. In this thesis four biofuel producers of three different biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel and biogas) on the Swedish market were studied, focusing on how they organize their biofuel production in terms of e.g. their material and energy flows, and how they intend to organize it in the future. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with the biofuel producers as well as literature studies. In all the cases, a number of areas of material and energy flow cooperation were identified and it could also be concluded that there had been some change regarding these patterns over time. Looking into the future a clear change of strategy was identified in the ethanol case and partly also in the biodiesel case where a development towards improved valorisation and differentiation of by-product flows was foreseen. If such a “biorefinery” strategy is realized, it can potentially improve the economic viability and resource efficiency in these biofuel producers. In the biogas cases, instead a strategy to lower the costs for feedstock through the use of lower quality feedstock was identified. This strategy also has a potential to increase economic viability and improve the resource efficiency. However, the success of this strategy is to a large extent dependent on how the off-set of the biofertilizer can be arranged regarding the economic challenges that the biogas producers’ experience, and yet no strategy for implementation regarding this was identified. The EU Renewable Energy Directive was mentioned in relation to most cooperation projects and therefore regarded as an important critical factor. All of the studied companies also struggle to be competitive, for which reason the importance of the direct economic aspects of cooperation seems to increase.
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