| 1. |
- Ahlsén, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Språk, hjärnan och kognition
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Kognitionsvetenskap. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144051666 ; , s. 437-552
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kognitionsvetenskap är den första boken på svenska som beskriver kärnan i kognitionsvetenskap - att förstå hur människor tänker. Den spänner därmed över ett brett tvärvetenskapligt fält som inrymmer filosofi, lingvistik, psykologi, antropologi, datavetenskap och neurovetenskap. Författarna beskriver hur ämnet har vuxit fram och hur man kan studera kognition utifrån filosofiska, psykologiska och neurovetenskapliga aspekter. Även språkvetenskapliga och sociala aspekter på tänkande presenteras. Författarna tar dessutom upp relationen mellan mänskligt tänkande och djurs tänkande, samt utvecklingen av kognition från barndom till vuxen ålder. Avslutningsvis berörs flera aspekter av tänkande i förhållande till teknologi, både som stöd för tänkande och som simulering av tänkande.Boken vänder sig till studenter som läser introduktionskurs eller grundkurs i kognitionsvetenskap, men är även lämplig för beteendevetenskapliga eller språkinriktade utbildningar. Den kan även vara av intresse för alla som vill förstå mer om mänskligt tänkande.
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| 2. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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| 3. |
- Ananthakrishnan, Gopal, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic analysis of lion roars. II : Vocal tract characteristics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings from Fonetik 2011. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 5-8, s. 5-8
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper makes the first attempt to perform an acoustic-to-articulatory inversion of a lion (Panthera leo) roar. The main problems that one encounters in attempting this, is the fact that little is known about the dimensions of the vocal tract, other than a general range of vocal tract lengths. Precious little is also known about the articulation strategies that are adopted by the lion while roaring. The approach used here is to iterate between possible values of vocal tract lengths and vocal tractconfigurations. Since there seems to be a distinct articulatory changes during the process of a roar, we find a smooth path that minimizes the error function between arecorded roar and the simulated roar using a variable length articulatory model.
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| 4. |
- Becket, Ralph, et al.
(författare)
-
Spoken Language Translator: Phase Two Report
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spoken Language Translator (SLT) is a project whose long-term goal is the construction of practically useful systems capable of translating human speech from one language into another. The current SLT prototype, described in detail in this report, is capable of speech-to-speech translation between English and Swedish in either direction within the domain of airline flight inquiries, using a vocabulary of about 1500 words. Translation from English and Swedish into French is also possible, with slightly poorer performance.A good English-language speech recognizer existed before the start of the project, and has since been improved in several ways. During the project, we have constructed a Swedish-language recognizer, arguably the best system of its kind so far built. This has involved among other things collection of a large amount of Swedish training data. The recognizer is essentially domain-independent, but has been tuned to give high performance in the air travel inquiry domain.The main version of the Swedish recognizer is trained on the Stockholm dialect of Swedish, and achieves near-real-time performance with a word error rate of about 7%. Techniques developed partly under this project make it possible to port the recognizer to other Swedish dialects using only modest quantities of training data.On the language-processing side, we had at the start of the project a substantial domain-independent language-processing system for English, a preliminary Swedish version, and a sketchy set of rules to permit English to Swedish translation. We now have good versions of the language-processing system for English, Swedish and French, and fair to good support for translation in five of the six possible language- pairs. Translation is carried out using a novel robust architecture developed under the project. In essence, this translates as much of the input utterance as possible using a sophisticated grammar-based method, and then employs a much simpler set of word- to-word translation rules to fill in the gaps.The language-processing modules are all generic in nature, are based on large, linguistically motivated grammars, and can fairly easily be tuned to give good performance in new domains. Much of the work involved in the domain adaptation process can be carried out by non-experts using tools developed under the project.Formal comparisons are problematic, in view of the different domains and languages used and the lack of accepted evaluation criteria. None the less, the evidence at our disposal suggests that the current SLT prototype is no worse than the German Verbmobil demonstrator, in spite of a difference in project budget of more than an order of magnitude.
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| 5. |
- Bell, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Disfluency Distribution in a Unimodal and a Multimodal Speech Interface
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of ICSLP 00.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we compare the distribution of disfluencies in two human--computer dialogue corpora. One corpus consists of unimodal travel booking dialogues, which were recorded over the telephone. In this unimodal system, all components except the speech recognition were authentic. The other corpus was collected using a semi-simulated multi-modal dialogue system with an animated talking agent and a clickable map. The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the effects of modality, task and interface design on the distribution and frequency of disfluencies in these two corpora.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in production of disfluencies in children with typical language development and children with mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of DiSS 2017, the 8th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 9-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several studies about non-fluency inpeople who stutter, but comparatively few regardingchildren with language impairment. The currentresearch body regarding disfluencies in childrenwith language impairment has been using differentstudy-designs and definitions, making some resultsrather contradictory.The purpose of the present study is to expand theknowledge about disfluencies in children withlanguage impairment and compare the occurrenceof disfluencies between children with languageimpairment and children with typical languagedevelopment in the same age group.A total of ten children with language impairmentand six children with typical language developmentparticipated in this study. The subjects wererecorded when talking freely about a thematicpicture or toys and then analysed by calculatingdisfluencies per 50 words including frequency ofdifferent kinds of disfluencies according to Johnsonand Associates’ (1959) classic taxonomy.Our results show that children with languageimpairment do produce statistically significant moredisfluency in general, notably sound and syllablerepetition, broken words and prolongations.
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| 7. |
- Betz, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Prolongation in German
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of DiSS 2017, The 8th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 13-16
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate segment prolongation as a means of disfluent hesitation in spontaneous German speech. We describe phonetic and structural features of disfluent prolongation and compare it to data of other languages and to non-disfluent prolongations.
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| 8. |
- Bretan, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Corpora and Data Collection
- 2000
-
Ingår i: The Spoken Language Translator. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0521770777 - 9780521770774 ; , s. 131-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book presents a detailed description of Spoken Language Translator (SLT), one of the first major projects in the area of automatic speech translation. The SLT system can translate between English, French, and Swedish in the domain of air travel planning, using a vocabulary of about 1500 words, and with an accuracy of about 75%. The greater part of the book describes the language processing components, which are largely built on top of the SRI Core Language Engine, using a combination of general grammars and techniques that allow them to be rapidly customized to specific domains. Speech recognition is based on Hidden Markov Mode technology, and uses versions of the SRI DECIPHER system. This account of the Spoken Language Translator should be an essential resource both for those who wish to know what is achievable in spoken-language translation today, and for those who wish to understand how to achieve it.
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| 9. |
- Carter, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Common Speech–Language Issues
- 2000
-
Ingår i: The Spoken Language Translator. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0521770777 - 9780521038829 ; , s. 284-294
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book presents a detailed description of Spoken Language Translator (SLT), one of the first major projects in the area of automatic speech translation. The SLT system can translate between English, French, and Swedish in the domain of air travel planning, using a vocabulary of about 1500 words, and with an accuracy of about 75%. The greater part of the book describes the language processing components, which are largely built on top of the SRI Core Language Engine, using a combination of general grammars and techniques that allow them to be rapidly customized to specific domains. Speech recognition is based on Hidden Markov Mode technology, and uses versions of the SRI DECIPHER system. This account of the Spoken Language Translator should be an essential resource both for those who wish to know what is achievable in spoken-language translation today, and for those who wish to understand how to achieve it.
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| 10. |
- Carter, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation
- 2000
-
Ingår i: The Spoken Language Translator. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0521770777 - 9780521770774 ; , s. 297-312
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book presents a detailed description of Spoken Language Translator (SLT), one of the first major projects in the area of automatic speech translation. The SLT system can translate between English, French, and Swedish in the domain of air travel planning, using a vocabulary of about 1500 words, and with an accuracy of about 75%. The greater part of the book describes the language processing components, which are largely built on top of the SRI Core Language Engine, using a combination of general grammars and techniques that allow them to be rapidly customized to specific domains. Speech recognition is based on Hidden Markov Mode technology, and uses versions of the SRI DECIPHER system. This account of the Spoken Language Translator should be an essential resource both for those who wish to know what is achievable in spoken-language translation today, and for those who wish to understand how to achieve it.
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| 11. |
- Carter, David, et al.
(författare)
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Translation Methodology in the Spoken Language Translator: An Evaluation
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ACL/EACL workshop Spoken Language Translation. ; , s. 73-81
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe how the translation methodology adopted fro the Spoken Language Translator (SLT) addresses the characteristics of the speech translation task in a context where it is essential to achieve easy customization to new languages and new domains. We then discuss the issues that arise in any attempt to evaluate a speech translator, and present results of such an evaluation carried out on SLT for several language pairs.
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| 12. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative acoustic analysis of purring in four cheetahs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings from FONETIK 2012. - Gothenburg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789163709852 ; , s. 41-44
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports results from a comparativeanalysis of purring in four tame cheetahs. Theresults exhibited individual variation forrelative phase duration and number of cyclesper phase, while egressive phases were louderand had higher fundamental frequency in allfour cheetahs.
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| 13. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative acoustic analysis of purring in juvenile, subadult and adult cheetahs
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Fonetik 2013 The XXVIth Annual Phonetics Meeting, 12-13 June 2013, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789175195827 - 9789175195797 ; , s. 25-28
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies of cheetah purring havedescribed purring in adult cheetahs. This paperextends the cheetah purring research to includejuvenile and subadult cheetahs and analyzespurring data from cheetahs in ages rangingfrom 7 months to 7 years, and with weightsranging from 18 kilos to over 70 kilos. Resultsshow that while there is considerable variationacross most parameters analysed (amplitude,phase duration, cycles per phase andfundamental frequency), mainly attributable todegree of relaxation/agitation, previouslyreported observations that ingressive phasestend to be lower in frequency are largelyconfirmed, with one notable exception.
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| 14. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of Disfluencies in Four Swedish Travel Dialogue Corpora
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech Workshop. ; , s. 3-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on ongoing work on disfluencies carried out at Telia Research AB. Four travel dialogue corpora are described: human–"machine"–human (Wizard-of-Oz); human–“machine” (Wizard-of-Oz); human–human and human–machine. The data collection methods are outlined and their possible influence on the collected material is discussed. An annotation scheme for disfluency labelling is described. Preliminary results on five different kinds of disfluencies are presented: filled and unfilled pauses, prolonged segments, truncations and explicit editing terms.
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| 15. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of Focus Realization in Three Swedish Dialects
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : AIP Publishing. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 99:4, s. 2492-2492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- State-of-the-art speech recognition and speech translation systems do not currently make use of prosodic information. Utterances often have one or more constituents semantically focused by prosodic means and detection of the focus/foci of anutterance is crucial for a correct interpretation of the speech signal. Thus, a semantic model of focus should be linked to a model describing the acoustic-phonetic correlates of the speech. However, variability exists at both the semantic and the prosodic ends. Semantically different kinds of foci might be associated with specific prosodic gestures. Also, a semantically specific type of focus might be realised indifferent ways in different varieties of a given language since general intonational patterns vary between dialects. In this paper, focus realisation in three different dialects of Swedish is investigated. Subjects from Stockholm, Gšteborg and Malmšö recorded three sets of four sentences where focus was systematically put on four different constituents by having the subjects answer wh-questions. Since Swedish is a language with two tonal accents, words with these accents both in and out of focus were included. Dialectal as well as individual variation in focus realisation is described with emphasis on invariant and optional phenomena.
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| 16. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
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A Probabilistic Tagging Module Based on Surface Pattern Matching
- 1994
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Ingår i: NODALIDA ’93 – Proceedings of ‘9:e Nordiska Datalingvistikdagarna’,Stockholm 3–5 June 1993. - Stockholm : Stockholm University. - 9171532625 ; , s. 83-95
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper treats automatic, probabilistic tagging. First, residual, untagged, output from the lexical analyser SWETWOL2 is described and discussed. A method of tagging residual output is proposed and implemented: the left-stripping method. This algorithm, employed by the module ENDTAG, recursively strips a word of its leftmost letter, and looks up the remaining ‘ending’ in a dictionary. If the ending is found, ENDTAG tags it according to the information found in the dictionary. If the ending is not found in the dictionary, a match is searched in ending lexica containing statistical information about word classes associated with the ending and the relative frequency of each word class. If a match is found in the ending lexica, the word is given graded tagging according to the statistical information in the ending lexica. If no match is found, the ending is stripped of what is now its left-most letter and is recursively searched in dictionary and ending lexica (in that order). The ending lexica – containing the statistical information – employed in this paper are obtained from a reversed version of Nusvensk Frekvensordbok (Allén 1970), and contain endings of one to seven letters. Success rates for ENDTAG as a standalone module are presented.
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| 17. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
A Typographical Primer : Some Basic Conventions
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within academia a central activity is the production of scientific theses and papers, including formal aspects of this activity – learning about typographical conventions, how these can differ between departments, countries, journals and publishers, etc.Very often, and sadly, huge amount of of time is spent on this during both thesis supervision and thesis examination. The rationale for this document is to – during supervision and examination – free up time for more focus on thesis content and scientific quality.The Primer is not to be regarded as “101 on typographical conventions”. Such books are easy find and/but include many phenomena that can be regarded as “over the top” for the average student BA or MA thesis producer, or indeed PhD students.This primer is completely “stimulus-based” and includes things that the author has encountered during years of supervision, examination and conference proceedings editing, and thus covers things that are “battle-proven” when it comes to phenomena that are missed in thesis production.In 29 sections phenomena like underlining, dashes, transliteration, filenames, section numbering, tables, figures, plates, margin adjustment and much more are covered. See the Contents listing on page 3.At the end a few instructions are included, showing the reader how to implement the covered phenomema in their papers – something which is not always completely transparent or obvious and requires a certain level of word processing knowledge.
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| 18. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Acoustic Phonetics
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Sage Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders. - Thosand Oaks, California : Sage Publications. - 9781483380834 ; , s. 21-36
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
An acoustic analysis of agonistic sounds in wild cheetahs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: <em>Proceedings from FONETIK 2012</em>. - Gothenburg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789163709852 ; , s. 37-40
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cheetah ranks among the more vocal felids,and is above all a prominent purrer. However,the cheetah also produces a wide variety ofother sounds, and this paper takes a closer lookat a category of sounds produced by wildcheetahs, agonistic vocalizations, that can bedivided into moaning, growling, hissing andspitting sounds.
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| 20. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic analysis of ‘kulning’ (cattle calls) recorded in an outdoor setting on location in Dalarna (Sweden)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ICPhS 2015. - Glasgow, Scotland, UK : International Phonetic Association. - 9780852619414
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish cattle call singing style ‘kulning’ issurprisingly understudied, despite its almostmythical status in Swedish folklore. While somephysiological-productive aspects of kulning havebeen treated in previous work, acoustic propertiesare still much lacking description. This paper addsto and extends the results presented in a previousstudy [7], where kulning and head voice (“falsetto”)was acoustically analysed in two indoor settings:a normal room and an anechoic chamber. In thepresent study, the same singer, singing the samekulning in the same two modes (kulning and headvoice), was recorded in an outdoor setting (close tothe singer’s home), thus allowing for a comparisonbetween “clinical” and more ecologically valid data.
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| 21. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic analysis of lion roars. I: Data collection and spectrogramand waveform analyses
- 2011
-
Ingår i: <em>Quarterly Progress and Status Report TMH-QPSR, Volume 51, 2011. Proceedings from Fonetik 2011</em>. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 8–10 June 2011, pp. 1–4.. - Stockholm : Universitetsservice. ; 51:1, s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the collection of lion roar data at two different locations, anoutdoor setting at Antelope Park in Zimbabwe and an indoor setting at Parken Zooin Sweden. Preliminary analyses of spectrographic and waveform data are provided.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic analysis of Swedish cattle calls,‘kulning’, performed outdoors at three distances
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings from Fonetik 2019. - 9789177979845 - 9789177979852
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kulning is a Swedish cattle call singing style with an almost mythical status inSwedish folklore. In previous studiestwo of the authors (RE, AM) studied kulning produced by a kulning singer (FP) in both indoor and outdoor settings. In this paper we report kulning as produced by a second singer (the third author, KD), recorded outdoors in a forest setting, with simultaneous recordings at 1, 11 and 22 meters. The results of amplitude, FFT and LPC analyses reported, and compared to theearlier studies reported in Eklund, McAllister and Pehrson (2013) and McAllister and Eklund (2015).
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| 24. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic comparison of voice characteristics in ‘kulning’, head and modal registers.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Robert Eklund (ed.), <em>Proceedings of Fonetik 2013, the XXVIth Swedish Phonetics Conference, Studies in Language and Culture, no. 21</em>, ISBN 978-91-7519-582-7, eISBN 978-91-7519-579-7, ISSN 1403-2570, pp. 21–24.. - 9789175195827 - 9789175195797 ; , s. 21-24
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish folk singing style ‘kulning’ issurprisingly understudied, despite its almostmythical status in Swedish folklore. While somephysiological–productive aspects of kulninghave been treated in previous work, acousticproperties are still much lacking description.This paper compares kulning, head (‘falsetto’)and modal voice from an acoustic perspective.
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| 25. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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An Algorithm for End-of-Sentence Detection in Text
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Automatisk detektering av meningsslut i text är ett desideratum inom ett flertal lingvistiska tillämpningar. Dels kan det sägas vara en förutsättning for automatisk parsning av text, dels är det behjälpligt inom text-till-tal-tillämpningar. Även om text är en mycket "hanterligare" källa än en talström när det gäller att hitta satsgränser är uppgiften långt ifrån problemfri. Även om interpunktion visserligen utgör ett reglerat system är bruket av interpunktionstecken inte helt konsistent eftersom samma tecken kan användas på flera olika sätt avhängigt kontexten.I denna uppsats presenteras an algoritm för automatisk detektering av meningsslut i text. Dessutom beskrivs en av Liberman & Church (1989) tidigare anvisad metod som legat till grund för den alternativa metod som vi presenterar i denna uppsats. En jämförelse mellan metoderna tillhandahålls.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
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Crosslinguistic Disfluency Modeling: A Comparative Analysis of Swedish and Tok Pisin Human–Human ATIS Dialogues
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 6th international conference on Spoken language processing : ICSLP 2000 : the proceedings of the conference : Oct. 16-20, 2000, Beijng, China. - 7900618635 ; , s. 991-994
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies disfluencies in authentic human–humandialogues in Swedish and Tok Pisin. It is found that while there are no major differences as to types or frequencies on a macro level, there are dissimilarities on a micro level, notably in the characteristics of how prolonged segments are realized. The paper also discusses the results in the light of reported disfluencies in English, German, Ilokano and Tagalog.
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| 28. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Crosslinguistic Disfluency Modelling: A Comparative Analysis of Swedish and American English Human–Human and Human–Machine Dialogues
- 1998
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Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 30th November - 4th December, 1998 Sydney, Australia ICSLP'98 Proceedings. ; , s. 2627-2630
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report results from a cross-language study of disfluencies (DFs) in Swedish and American English human--machine and human--human dialogs. The focus is on comparisons not directly affected by differences in overall rates since these could be associates with task details. Rather, we focus on differences of how speakers utilize DFs in the different languages, including: relative rates of the use of hesitation forms, the location of hesitations, and surface characteristics of DFs. Results suggest that although the languages differ in some respects (such as the ability to insert filled pauses within 'words'), in many analyses the languages show similar behavior. Such results provide suggestions for cross-linguistic DF modeling in both theoretical and applied fields.
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| 29. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Disfluency in Swedish human–human and human–machine travel booking dialogues
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies disfluency in spontaneous Swedish speech, i.e., the occurrence of hesitation phenomena like eh, öh, truncated words, repetitions and repairs, mispronunciations, truncated words and so on. The thesis is divided into three parts:PART I provides the background, both concerning scientific, personal and industrial–academic aspects in the Tuning in quotes, and the Preamble and Introduction (chapter 1).PART II consists of one chapter only, chapter 2, which dives into the etiology of disfluency. Consequently it describes previous research on disfluencies, also including areas that are not the main focus of the present tome, like stuttering, psychotherapy, philosophy, neurology, discourse perspectives, speech production, application-driven perspectives, cognitive aspects, and so on. A discussion on terminology and definitions is also provided. The goal of this chapter is to provide as broad a picture as possible of the phenomenon of disfluency, and how all those different and varying perspectives are related to each other.PART III describes the linguistic data studied and analyzed in this thesis, with the following structure: Chapter 3 describes how the speech data were collected, and for what reason. Sum totals of the data and the post-processing method are also described. Chapter 4 describes how the data were transcribed, annotated and analyzed. The labeling method is described in detail, as is the method employed to do frequency counts. Chapter 5 presents the analysis and results for all different categories of disfluencies. Besides general frequency and distribution of the different types of disfluencies, both inter- and intra-corpus results are presented, as are co-occurrences of different types of disfluencies. Also, inter- and intra-speaker differences are discussed. Chapter 6 discusses the results, mainly in light of previous research. Reasons for the observed frequencies and distribution are proposed, as are their relation to language typology, as well as syntactic, morphological and phonetic reasons for the observed phenomena. Future work is also envisaged, both work that is possible on the present data set, work that is possible on the present data set given extended labeling and work that I think should be carried out, but where the present data set fails, in one way or another, to meet the requirements of such studies.Appendices 1–4 list the sum total of all data analyzed in this thesis (apart from Tok Pisin data). Appendix 5 provides an example of a full human–computer dialogue.
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| 30. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of open and directed prompts on filled pauses and utterance production
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings from Fonetik 2010, Lund, June 2–4, 2010. - Lund : Mediatryck. ; , s. 23-28
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes an experiment where open and directed prompts were alternated when collecting speech data for the deployment of a call-routing application. The experiment tested whether open and directed prompts resulted in any differences with respect to the filled pauses exhibited by the callers, which is interesting in the light of the “many-options” hypothesis of filled pause production. The experiment also investigated the effects of the prompts on utterance form and meaning of the callers.
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| 31. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
En introduktion till programmering i prolog
- 1996
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta kompendium är ämnat som en grundläggande introduktion till programmeringsspråket PROLOG.I Eftersom det operativa ordet här är "grundläggande" så förstås att kompendiet inte har några anspråk på att tillfredsställa en professionell hackers2 alla lustar. Särskild hänsyn har i stället tagits till de personer vilka inte har någon som helst tidigare programmeringserfarenhet. Detta innebär att personer som redan är förtrogna med andra programmeringsspråk kan komma att tycka att framställningen till viss del och i någon mening är trivial ( och måhända på gränsen till felaktig, en fara vid alla försök att förenkla). Det innebär också att mycket är utelämnat, och att således personer som redan kan prolog kan komma att utbrista "Men varför tog du inte med det här?!". Jag har försökt att ta med sådant som oundgängligen utgör ett slags bas för att gå vidare. Det som har utelämnats är givetvis inte oviktigt, utan sådant som inte krävs för att kunna leka och ha kul med prolog som första bekantskap. Om man berättar allt på första träffen så finns ju inga hemligheter kvar att upptäcka!
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| 32. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
En Typografisk ”Primer” : Några Grundläggande Konventioner
- 2018
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom akademika ingår som en central del av produktion av vetenskapliga uppsatser, vilket inkluderar formella aspekter av detta – från att lära sig strikt typografiska konventioner som att lära sig hur dessa kan skilja sig åt mellan avdelningar, länder, tidskrifter.Väldigt ofta, och tyvärr, läggs mycket tid på sådan under såväl handledning som examination av uppsatser. Detta dokument har till syfte att, under handledning och examination, frigöra tid för ett mer markerat fokus på innehåll och vetenskaplig kvalitet i de aktuella uppsatserna.Primern är inte uppbyggd som en ”grundkurs i typografiska konventioner”. Sådana är lätta att finna och/men inkluderar mycket sådant som kan betraktas som ”överkurs” för studenter som skriver kandidat- eller magisteruppsatser, eller till och med doktorander.Denna primer är helt stimulustyrd och inkluderar saker som författaren under åratals handledning, examination och redaktörsskap (för konferensproceedings) har stött så de vanligaste misstagen, och täcker således med eller mindre ”fält-testade” fenomen som missas i uppsatsskrivning.I 29 avsnitt täcks företeelser om understrykning, tankstreck, transliterering, filnamnsgivning, kapitelnumrering, tabeller, figurer, bilder, marginaljustering och mycket mer. Se Innehållsförteckning på sidan 3.På slutet inkluderas även lite instruktioner för hur man ser till att vissa av de täckta fenomenen blir implementerade i uppsatsen, något som inte alltid är helt solklart utan kräver en viss nivå av ordbehandlingskunskap.
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| 33. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Frihetstidens svenska lutenister – fanns dom?
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Musikologen : Musikvetenskaplig bulletin. - Stockholm : Stockholm University. - 0281-1553. ; , s. 65-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 34. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Grimaldi’s “Discovery of the Cat Language”: A theory in need of revival (or perhaps not?)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: <em>Proceedings from Fonetik 2015. Working Papers 55/2015</em>, 8–10 June 2015, Centre for Languages and Literature, General Linguistics/Phonetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. - Lund, Sweden : Lund university. ; , s. 27-30
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent years have seen a growing number of studies on both felid vocalizations ingeneral and human–felid communication in particular. Frequently considered as the starting point for this line of research is Mildred Moelk’s seminal paper from 1944, in which she provides a taxonomy of basic felid vocalizations, complete with phonetic transcriptions. Less known is the fact that Cat Language was decoded in far more detail half a century earlier, by one “Prof. Grimaldi”, who sadly never published his findings. However, an English translation of Grimaldi’s findings was published by Marvin Clark in 1895, so the astonishing observations made by Grimaldi are not lost to the world. In the present paper a summary of Grimaldi’s results will be provided, in the hope that this research will serve as a source ofinspiration to present and future researchers of Cat Language.
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| 35. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
How To Handle “Foreign” Sounds in Swedish Text-to-Speech Conversion: Approaching the ‘Xenophone’ Problem
- 1998
-
Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 30th November - 4th December, 1998 Sydney, Australia ICSLP'98 Proceedings. ; , s. 2831-2834
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper discusses the problem of handling “foreign” speech sounds in Swedish speech technology systems, in particular speech synthesis. A production study is made, where it is shown that Swedish speakers add foreign speech sounds, here termed ‘xenophones’, to their phone repertoire when reading Swedish sentences with embedded English names and words. As a result of the observations, the phone set of a Swedish concatenative synthesizer is extended, and it is shown (by example) that this produces more natural-sounding synthetic speech.
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| 36. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inclusion of a prosodic module in spoken language translation
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 98:5, s. 2894-2895
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current speech recognition systems mainly work on statistical bases and make no use of information signalled by prosody, i.e. the segment duration and fundamental frequency contour of the speech signal. In more advanced applications for speech recognition, such as speech-to-speech translation systems, it is necessary to include the linguistic information conveyed by prosody. Earlier research has shown that prosody conveys information at syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels. The degree of linguistic information conveyed by prosody varies between languages, from languages such as English, with a relatively low degree of prosodic disambiguation, via tone-accent languages such as Swedish, to pure tone languages. The inclusion of a prosodic module in speech translation systems is not only vital in order to link the source language to the target language, but could also be used to enhance speech recognition proper. Besides syntactic and semantic information, properties such as dialect, sociolect, sex and attitude etc is signalled by prosody. Speech-to-speech recognition systems that will not transfer this type of information will be of limited value for person-to-person communication. A tentative architecture for the inclusion of a prosodic module in a speech-to-speech translation system is presented.
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| 37. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Ingressive Speech As An Indication That Humans Are Talking To Humans (And Not To Machines)
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Conference Proceedings: ICSLP 2002, 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing; INTERSPEECH 2002; September 16 - 20, 2002, Denver, Colorado. - 187634640X ; , s. 837-840
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonic ingressive speech is often mentioned anecdotally in the linguistic research. Most previous studies investigating the phenomenon have stressed the paralinguistic function of ingressive speech (IS).This paper studies IS in two corpora of spontaneous Swedish speech. Eight subjects made business travel bookings in two data collections. In one corpus the subjects talked with a real, human travel agent; in the other theyspoke with what they believed was a computer, played by a professional actor. The results show that all subjects made use of IS in the human–human setting, while no one used IS in the human–machine setting.These results strengthen the notion that IS is a speech phenomenon that is truly associated with human interactions. The results are discussed from the perspective of possible underlying factors, including discourse structure, gender issues, and possible enhancements in automatic speech-based dialog systems.
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| 38. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
“Ko Tok Ples Ensin bilong Tok Pisin” or the TP-CLE: A first report from a pilot speech-to-speech translation project from Swedish to Tok Pisin
- 1998
-
Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 30th November - 4th December, 1998 Sydney, Australia ICSLP'98 Proceedings. - : Australian Speech Science and Technology Association, Incorporated (ASSTA). ; , s. 1131-1134
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an operational speech-to-speech translation system from Swedish to Tok Pisin within the framework of the Spoken Language Translator project, SLT[1]. The domain of translation is ATIS [11]. The grammar formalism used in the SLT project is the Core Language Engine, CLE [2]. A general presentation of Tok Pisin is provided, as well as a description of some grammatical characteristics of Tok Pisin of potential interest for the testing of grammar machines. The first step of a CLE implementation of Tok Pisin is described. A corpus of Tok Pisin ATIS data hasbeen created from data collected on location in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, and observations are made as to the relative importance of some of the grammatical phenomena discussed in the paper. A Tok Pisin synthesizer based on an already existing Swedish concatenative synthesis is described. Despite a marked Swedish accent, preliminary evaluation indicates that intelligible speech output is produced.
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| 39. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Kognition och kommunikationsteknologi : en introduktion
- 2012. - 1
-
Ingår i: Kognitionsvetenskap. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144051666 ; , s. 563-571
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kognitionsvetenskap är den första boken på svenska som beskriver kärnan i kognitionsvetenskap - att förstå hur människor tänker. Den spänner därmed över ett brett tvärvetenskapligt fält som inrymmer filosofi, lingvistik, psykologi, antropologi, datavetenskap och neurovetenskap. Författarna beskriver hur ämnet har vuxit fram och hur man kan studera kognition utifrån filosofiska, psykologiska och neurovetenskapliga aspekter. Även språkvetenskapliga och sociala aspekter på tänkande presenteras. Författarna tar dessutom upp relationen mellan mänskligt tänkande och djurs tänkande, samt utvecklingen av kognition från barndom till vuxen ålder. Avslutningsvis berörs flera aspekter av tänkande i förhållande till teknologi, både som stöd för tänkande och som simulering av tänkande.Boken vänder sig till studenter som läser introduktionskurs eller grundkurs i kognitionsvetenskap, men är även lämplig för beteendevetenskapliga eller språkinriktade utbildningar. Den kan även vara av intresse för alla som vill förstå mer om mänskligt tänkande
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| 40. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Languages with pulmonic ingressive speech:updating and adding to the list
- 2015
-
Ingår i: <em>Proceedings from Fonetik 2015. Working Papers 55/2015</em>, 8–10 June 2015, Centre for Languages and Literature, General Linguistics/Phonetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. - Lund, Sweden : Lund University. ; , s. 31-34, s. 31-34
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Speaking on inhalation, pulmonic ingressive speech, is well-known in Scandinavia and often believed to be unique to this part of the world. It has, however been shown (Eklund, 2002, 2007, 2008) that not only is ingressive speech not confined to the northernmost part of Europe, it is found all over the world and might be egarded as a linguistic universal, and can be placed in one of the differentuniversal categories described by Croft (2003). In connection with the Eklund(2008) publication, a website was created, devoted to ingressive speech and phonation: http://ingressivespeech.info. Over the years incoming comments and reports have both offered further evidence for languages already on the list, as well as new languages with ingressives. Some of these are described in this paper.
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| 41. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Musikens charlatan : En historik över lutan
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Tidskrift för Tidig Musik. - Stockholm : Föreningen för tidig musik. - 0280-6177. ; 4, s. 5-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 42. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Neural correlates of the processing of unfilled and filled pauses
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The 7th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech (DiSS 2015), Edinburgh, Scotland (2015).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneously produced Unfilled Pauses (UPs) andFilled Pauses (FPs) were played to subjects in an fMRI experiment. While both stimuli resulted in increased activity in the Primary Auditory Cortex, FPs, unlike UPs, also elicited modulation in the Supplementary Motor Area, Brodmann Area 6. This observation provides neurocognitive confirmation of the oft-reported difference between FPs and other kinds of speech disfluency and also could provide a partial explanation for the previously reported beneficial effect of FPs on reaction times in speech perception. The results are discussed in the light of the suggested role of FPs as floor-holding devices in human polylogs.
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| 43. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Neurala korrelat till fyllda pauser : En fMRI-studie av disfluensperception
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Röstläget. - : Röstforum Väst. - 1103-3983. ; :Februari 2019, s. 13-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mänskligt, spontalt producerat talspråk kännetecknas av att inte vara helt ”flytande”. Jag sätter ordet inom citationstecken eftersom det råder delade meningar om huruvida ”oflyt” i själva verket underlättar såväl talproduktion som talperception. Den vanligaste termen för detta är disfluenser, men även denna term är inte helt etablerad. En annan sak att hålla iminne är att den alternativa stavningen dysfluenser förekommer, speciellt engelskspråkig litteratur.Disfluenser har studerats i över ett sekel, och en introduktion följer nedan. Denna artikel redovisar resultaten från en unik fMRIstudie av den mest ”speciella” av de olika disfluenstyperna, det som ofta(st) benämns ”fyllda pauser”, som (i svenska) ”eh” eller ”öh”. Notera att även denna term inte är etablerad.
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| 44. |
|
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| 45. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Porting a Recognizer to a New Language
- 2000
-
Ingår i: The Spoken Language Translator. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0521770777 - 9780521770774 ; , s. 265-273
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book presents a detailed description of Spoken Language Translator (SLT), one of the first major projects in the area of automatic speech translation. The SLT system can translate between English, French, and Swedish in the domain of air travel planning, using a vocabulary of about 1500 words, and with an accuracy of about 75%. The greater part of the book describes the language processing components, which are largely built on top of the SRI Core Language Engine, using a combination of general grammars and techniques that allow them to be rapidly customized to specific domains. Speech recognition is based on Hidden Markov Mode technology, and uses versions of the SRI DECIPHER system. This account of the Spoken Language Translator should be an essential resource both for those who wish to know what is achievable in spoken-language translation today, and for those who wish to understand how to achieve it.
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| 46. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Prolongations: A dark horse in the disfluency stable
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of DiSS ’01 Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech. ; , s. 5-8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies a specific type of disfluency, viz. segment prolongation (PR), i.e., the “stretching out” of speech sounds as a means of hesitation. It is shown that the occurrence of PRs varies as a function of phone type, position in the word, lexical factors and word class, and that PRs are subject to phonotactic constraints in Swedish. A comparison between Swedish and Tok Pisin suggests that there are language specific traits associated with PR production.
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| 47. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Pronunciation in an internationalized society: a multi-dimensional problem considered
- 1996
-
Ingår i: FONETIK 96. ; , s. 123-126
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with the treatment of foreign words and proper names in Swedish. Preliminary results from a production study are presented, and guidelines are suggested for broad, phonematic transcription, covering alternative pronunciations. Such a transcription scheme is a prerequisite for applications such as speech synthesis and multi-dialectal speaker-independent speech recognition.
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| 48. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Pulmonic ingressive phonation: Diachronic and synchronic characteristics, distribution and function in animal and human sound production and in human speech
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of the International Phonetic Association. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-1003 .- 1475-3502. ; 38:3, s. 235-324
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper looks at the phenomenon of ingressive speech, i.e. speech produced on a pulmonic ingressive airstream, set in the context of human and animal ingressive phonation. The literature on ingressive speech and phonation spanning several centuries is reviewed, as well as contemporary reports of their incidence and characteristics from both functional and acoustic perspectives. Ingressive phonation has been used as a deliberate means of speech or sound production for hundreds of years in order to achieve specific effects, and it is still used for the same purposes, by e.g. shamans and ventriloquists. In normal spoken conversation – contrary to what is often claimed – present-day ingressive speech is not limited to Scandinavia or Nordic languages, but is found on all continents, in genetically unrelated languages. Where ingressive speech occurs, it serves more or less the same paralinguistic functions, such as a feedback marker in a dialog. Since pulmonic ingressive phonation is also common in the calls of monkeys and apes, thus exhibiting a biological basis, it is suggested that ingressive speech might constitute a neglected universal phenomenon, rather than being highly marked, which is how it is commonly described in the literature.
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| 49. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Pulmonic ingressive speech : a neglected universal?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Fonetik 2007, 30 May – 1 June 2007, Stockholm, Sweden.TMH-QPSR, vol. 50. - Stockholm : Universitetsservice. ; , s. 21-24
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper summarizes major review work on pulmonic ingressive speech (Eklund,under revision), e.g., words like ja (yes) and nej (no) that are commonly produced on inhalation airstream in Swedish. Contrary to what is generally believed, ingressive speech is not limited to Scandinavia or present-day Nordic languages. Instead, it is shown that ingressive speech is found on all continents, in languages that are genetically unrelated. Moreover, whenever ingressive speech occurs it serves more or less the same paralinguistic functions, e.g., being predominantly a feedback marker in dialog. Since pulmonic ingressive phonation is also common in the calls of monkeys and apes, thus exhibiting a biological basis, it is argued that ingressive speech might constitute a neglected universal phenomenon, rather than being highlymarked, which is how it is commonly described in the literature.
|
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| 50. |
- Eklund, Robert, 1962-
(författare)
-
Pulmonic Ingressive Speech
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders. - Thousand Oaks, California : Sage Publications. - 9781483380834 ; , s. 1529-1532
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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