| 1. |
- Hibar, D. P., et al.
(författare)
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Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: An MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 23:4, s. 932-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d='0.293; P=1.71 × 10 '21), left fusiform gyrus (d='0.288; P=8.25 × 10 '21) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d='0.276; P=2.99 × 10 '19). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hibar, D. P., et al.
(författare)
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Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 21:12, s. 1710-1716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considerable uncertainty exists about the defining brain changes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Understanding and quantifying the sources of uncertainty can help generate novel clinical hypotheses about etiology and assist in the development of biomarkers for indexing disease progression and prognosis. Here we were interested in quantifying case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and each of eight subcortical brain measures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, lateral ventricles. In a large study of 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls, we found consistent volumetric reductions in BD patients for mean hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.232; P=3.50 × 10 -7) and thalamus (d=-0.148; P=4.27 × 10 -3) and enlarged lateral ventricles (d=-0.260; P=3.93 × 10 -5) in patients. No significant effect of age at illness onset was detected. Stratifying patients based on clinical subtype (BD type I or type II) revealed that BDI patients had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala than controls. However, when comparing BDI and BDII patients directly, we did not detect any significant differences in brain volume. This likely represents similar etiology between BD subtype classifications. Exploratory analyses revealed significantly larger thalamic volumes in patients taking lithium compared with patients not taking lithium. We detected no significant differences between BDII patients and controls in the largest such comparison to date. Findings in this study should be interpreted with caution and with careful consideration of the limitations inherent to meta-analyzed neuroimaging comparisons. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.
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| 5. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 6. |
- Zannad, F., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical outcome endpoints in heart failure trials: a European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association consensus document
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 15:10, s. 1082-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endpoint selection is a critically important step in clinical trial design. It poses major challenges for investigators, regulators, and study sponsors, and it also has important clinical and practical implications for physicians and patients. Clinical outcomes of interest in heart failure trials include all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, relevant non-fatal morbidity (e.g. all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization), composites capturing both morbidity and mortality, safety, symptoms, functional capacity, and patient-reported outcomes. Each of these endpoints has strengths and weaknesses that create controversies regarding which is most appropriate in terms of clinical importance, sensitivity, reliability, and consistency. Not surprisingly, a lack of consensus exists within the scientific community regarding the optimal endpoint(s) for both acute and chronic heart failure trials. In an effort to address these issues, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA-ESC) convened a group of expert heart failure clinical investigators, biostatisticians, regulators, and pharmaceutical industry scientists (Nice, France, 12-13 February 2012) to evaluate the challenges of defining heart failure endpoints in clinical trials and to develop a consensus framework. This report summarizes the group's recommendations for achieving common views on heart failure endpoints in clinical trials.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Rodriguez, L. , V, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly-magic character of Sn-132 studied via electromagnetic moments of( 13)(3)Sn
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 102:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first measurement of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moment of the exotic nucleus Sn-133 by high-resolution laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE/CERN. These, in combination with state-of-the-art shell-model calculations, demonstrate the single-particle character of the ground state of this short-lived isotope and, hence, the doubly-magic character of its immediate neighbor Sn-132. The trend of the electromagnetic moments along the N = 83 isotonic chain, now enriched with the values of tin, are discussed on the basis of realistic shell-model calculations.
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| 9. |
- Ekberg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Barium Sulfate Contrast Medium on Rheology and Sensory Texture Attributes in a Model Food
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 50:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The swallowing process can be visualized using videoradiography, by mixing food with contrast medium, e.g., barium sulfate (BaSO4), making it radiopaque. The sensory properties of foods may be affected by adding this medium. Purpose: To evaluate if and to what extent sensory and rheological characteristics of mango puree were altered by adding barium sulfate to the food. Material and Methods: This study evaluated four food samples based on mango puree, with no or added barium sulfate contrast medium (0%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5%), by a radiographic method, and measured sensory texture properties and rheological characteristics. The sensory evaluation was performed by an external trained panel using quantitative descriptive analysis. The ease of swallowing the foods was also evaluated. Results: The sensory texture properties of mango puree were significantly affected by the added barium in all evaluated attributes, as was the perception of particles. Moreover, ease of swallowing was significantly higher in the sample without added contrast medium. All samples decreased in extensional viscosity with increasing extension rate, i.e., all samples were tension thinning. Shear viscosity was not as dependent on the concentration of BaSO4 as extensional viscosity. Conclusion: Addition of barium sulfate to a model food of mango puree has a major impact on perceived sensory texture attributes as well as on rheological parameters.
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| 10. |
- Mukai, M., et al.
(författare)
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In-gas-cell laser resonance ionization spectroscopy of Ir-196,Ir-197,Ir-198
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 102:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperfine structure (HFS) measurements of neutron-rich iridium isotopes Ir-196,Ir-197,Ir-198 (Z = 77, N = 119-121) were performed via in-gas-cell laser resonance ionization spectroscopy at the KEK Isotope Separation System. Magnetic dipole moments mu and isotope shifts were determined from the HFS spectra. The variation of mean-square charge radii and quadrupole deformation parameters of these isotopes were evaluated from the isotope shifts. The mu value of (197)h, agreed with a theoretical value based on the strong coupling model, and the Ir nucleus was interpreted as prolately deformed by the theoretical calculations. The mu values of Ir-196,Ir-198 were also compared with semiempirical values calculated based on the strong coupling model. From the comparison, we can suggest the possible spin values of I-pi = 1,2(-) for Ir-196 and I-pi = 1(-) for Ir-198.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ekman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Designing a process for a monopoly to transform to a free market competitor -the swedish pharmacy system
- 2011
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Ingår i: ICED 11 - 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - Impacting Society Through Engineering Design. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 153-163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to discuss how a political driven transition of a large company, Apoteket AB in Sweden with 12,000 employees - the pharmacy state monopoly - can be designed and managed to become a free market competitive player. The reregulation process, with a great variety of stakeholders involved, has since 2006 been followed, documented and analyzed. In the domain of pharmacy products and services - essential for health and well-being - a design and innovation process must be handled with care for balancing pharmaceutical and business strategies. The research contribution and expected learning outcome of this paper are to give insights; first on processes and methods for organizational designs and transformation; second to get experience from designing and implementing a management strategy to lead the reregulation to success; and third to get knowledge on how traditional professional roles can be changed and developed by designing a process with clear goals, conscious learning and a communicative strategy. Copyright © 2002-2012 The Design Society. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Gellanki, Jnaneswari, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Superdeformed Bands in 62Zn
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combined data from four fusion-evaporation reaction experiments were utilized to investigate deformed and superdeformed structures in Zn-62(30)32. Combination of the Gammasphere gamma-ray spectrometer and ancillary particle detection systems allowed for the connection of rotational bands to well-known, low-lying excited states in Zn-62, as well as spectroscopy of discrete high-spin states reaching excitation energies of E-x=42.5 MeV. Four well- or superdeformed bands in Zn-62 are characterized and described by means of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
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| 21. |
- Hallqvist, Andreas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dose escalation to 84 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy in stage III NSCLC appears excessively toxic: Results from a prematurely terminated randomized phase II trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5002 .- 1872-8332. ; 122, s. 180-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for NSCLC stage III disease. To investigate whether radiation dose escalation based on individual normal tissue constraints can improve outcome, the Swedish lung cancer study group launched this randomized phase II trial. Materials and Methods: NSCLC patients with stage III disease, good performance status (0-1) and adequate lung function (FEV1 > 1.0 L and CO diffusion capacity > 40%) received three cycles of cisplatin (75 mg/m(2) day 1) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m(2) day 1 and 8) every third week. Radiotherapy started concurrently with the second cycle, with either 2 Gy daily, 5 days a week, to 68 Gy (A) or escalated therapy (B) based on constraints to the spinal cord, esophagus and lungs up to 84 Gy by adding an extra fraction of 2 Gy per week. Results: A pre-planned safety analysis revealed excessive toxicity and decreased survival in the escalated arm, and the study was stopped. Thirty-six patients were included during 2011-2013 (56% male, 78% with adenocarcinoma, 64% with PS 0 and 53% with stage IIIB). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11 and 17 months in arm B compared to the encouraging results of 28 and 45 months in the standard arm. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 56% and 33% (B) and 72% and 56% (A), respectively. There were seven toxicity-related deaths due to esophageal perforations and pneumonitis: five in the escalated group and two with standard treatment. Conclusion: Dose-escalated concurrent chemoradiotherapy to 84 Gy to primary tumor and nodal disease is hazardous, with a high risk of excessive toxicity, whereas modern standard dose chemoradiotherapy with proper staging given in the control arm shows a promising outcome with a median survival of 45 months and a 3-year survival of 56% (NCT01664663).
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| 22. |
- Holgersson, G., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular profiling using tissue microarrays as a tool to identify predictive biomarkers in laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Genomics & Proteomics. - 1109-6535 .- 1790-6245. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore the usefulness of the expression of five potential cancer biomarkers in predicting outcome in patients with laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the Swedish National Cancer Registry databases were used to identify patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed during the years 1978-2004 in the Uppsala-Örebro region and treated with radiotherapy. The expression of Ki-67, MutS homolog 2, (MSH2), p53, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cyclin D1 in the cancer cells was assessed immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays (TMAs) and its predictve value on survival and relapse was analyzed using Cox regression models. Results: A total of 39 patients were included in the present study. Nuclear MSH2 staining was statistically significantly correlated to Ki-67 expression (p=0.022). However, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed no statistically significant association between the expression of the investigated biomarkers and overall survival or relapse. Conclusion: The present exploratory study does not show any significant predictive value of the biomarkers examined with respect to survival or relapse. However, with larger patient cohorts, we believe that protein profiling using TMAs and immunohistochemistry is a feasible strategy for prognostic and predictive biomarker screening in laryngeal cancer.
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| 23. |
- Hudson, D.S., et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalizations for immersion-related injuries in Alaska 1991-2000
- 2006
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 44:6, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study analyzed factors associated with injuries to hospitalized victims of nonfatal immersion-related events in Alaska from 1991 through 2000. Data: Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) records of victims of nonfatal immersion events requiring hospitalization were examined to identify factors associated with injury outcomes. Subjects were divided into two groups: the "immersion only" (IO) group had no additional injuries associated with their immersion-related events, while subjects in the "associated injury" (AI) group incurred additional trauma during injury events. Results: There were 176 ATR records of nonfatal immersion events. In 87 (49.5%) cases, hospitalizations were due to the effects of immersion only (IO group). In 89 (50.5%) cases, hospitalizations were due not only to the effects of immersion, but also due to additional injuries occurring immediately before or while immersion took place (AI group). The final logistic regression model revealed statistically significant relationships between age greater than 12 years, female gender, white ethnicity, and operation of water transport vehicles, and increased risk for associated injury outcomes (p < 0.05). Discussion: This study is the first of its kind to analyze factors associated with the most severe nonfatal immersion-related injuries in Alaska, and identifies target populations for future safety campaigns. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lauri, S, et al.
(författare)
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An exploratory study of clinical decision-making in five countries
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. - INDIANAPOLIS : SIGMA THETA TAU INT. - 1527-6546 .- 1547-5069. ; 33:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To identify the cognitive processes nurses use in their decision-making in long- and short-term care settings in five countries, and the demographic variables associated with their decision-making. Method and Samples: The instrument used was a 56-item questionnaire that has been shown to be reliable in earlier studies. The sample consisted of five convenience samples of registered nurses working in either geriatric wards (n = 236) or acute medical-surgical wards (n = 223) in hospitals or nursing homes in Canada, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Findings: Five models of decision-making were identified on the basis of factor analysis. They represent both analytical and intuitive cognitive processes. Analytical cognitive processes were emphasized in information collection, problem definition, and planning of care, and intuitive cognitive processes were emphasized in planning, implementing, and evaluating care. Professional education, practical experience, field of practice, and type of Knowledge were significantly associated with decision-making models as well as with country of residence of the participants, The highest proportion of analytically oriented decisionmakers was found among nurses in long-term care, the decision-making of nurses in shortterm cave was more intuitively oriented. Conclusions: The results indicate that decision-making of participants varied from country to country and in different nursing situations. Future research should be focused on reasons for these differences, the relationship between the task and the nurses' type of knowledge, and how nurses use their knowledge to make decisions in different nursing situations. (C) 2001 SIGMA THETA TAU INTERNATIONAL.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Liu, X., et al.
(författare)
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Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models : description and evaluation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5
- 2012
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 5:3, s. 709-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A modal aerosol module (MAM) has been developed for the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). MAM is capable of simulating the aerosol size distribution and both internal and external mixing between aerosol components, treating numerous complicated aerosol processes and aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties in a physically-based manner. Two MAM versions were developed: a more complete version with seven lognormal modes (MAM7), and a version with three lognormal modes (MAM3) for the purpose of long-term (decades to centuries) simulations. In this paper a description and evaluation of the aerosol module and its two representations are provided. Sensitivity of the aerosol lifecycle to simplifications in the representation of aerosol is discussed. Simulated sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass concentrations are remarkably similar between MAM3 and MAM7. Differences in primary organic matter (POM) and black carbon (BC) concentrations between MAM3 and MAM7 are also small (mostly within 10 %). The mineral dust global burden differs by 10 % and sea salt burden by 30-40 % between MAM3 and MAM7, mainly due to the different size ranges for dust and sea salt modes and different standard deviations of the log-normal size distribution for sea salt modes between MAM3 and MAM7. The model is able to qualitatively capture the observed geographical and temporal variations of aerosol mass and number concentrations, size distributions, and aerosol optical properties. However, there are noticeable biases; e.g., simulated BC concentrations are significantly lower than measurements in the Arctic. There is a low bias in modeled aerosol optical depth on the global scale, especially in the developing countries. These biases in aerosol simulations clearly indicate the need for improvements of aerosol processes (e.g., emission fluxes of anthropogenic aerosols and precursor gases in developing countries, boundary layer nucleation) and properties (e.g., primary aerosol emission size, POM hygroscopicity). In addition, the critical role of cloud properties (e. g., liquid water content, cloud fraction) responsible for the wet scavenging of aerosol is highlighted.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Nyman, J., et al.
(författare)
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Dose Escalated Chemo-RT to 84 Gy in Stage III NSCLC Appears Excessively Toxic : Results from a Randomized Phase II Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 13:10, s. S373-S373
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for NSCLC stage III disease, however, with a rather high probability of locoregional and metastatic recurrence further treatment optimization is warranted. Based on previous one-armed trials with dose escalated radiotherapy, showing feasibility, the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group aimed to investigate whether dose escalation based on individual normal tissue constraints could improve outcome in this randomized phase II trial.Method: NSCLC patients with stage III disease, good performance status (0-1), adequate lung function (FEV1 > 1.0 L and CO diff. > 40%) received three cycles of cisplatin (75 mg/m2 day 1) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m2 day 1 and 8) every third week. The radiotherapy started concurrently with the second cycle, with either 2 Gy daily, 5 days a week, to a total dose of 68 Gy (standard arm A) or escalated therapy (B) based on constraints to the spinal cord, esophagus and lungs up to 84 Gy by adding an extra fraction of 2 Gy per week while keeping the total treatment time constant at seven weeks with the same dose to involved nodes and primary tumor.Result: A pre-planned safety analysis revealed excessive toxicity and decreased survival in the escalated arm, and the study was stopped. Thirty-six patients were included during 2011-2013 (56% male, 78% with adenocarcinoma, 64% with PS 0 and 53% with stage IIIB). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11 and 17 months in the dose escalated group compared to 28 and 45 months in the standard group. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 56%, 33% and 17% in the escalated arm and 72%, 61% and 34% in the standard arm. There were four toxicity-related deaths due to esophageal perforations (one in arm A and three in arm B) and three deaths due to pneumonitis (one in arm A and two in arm B).Conclusion: Dose-escalated concurrent chemoradiotherapy to 84 Gy to primary tumor and nodal disease is hazardous, with a high risk of excessive toxicity, whereas modern standard dose chemoradiotherapy with proper staging given in the control arm shows a promising outcome with a median survival of 45 months and a 5-year survival of 34%. A possible step forward will be to improve systemic therapy, but future approaches with escalated radiotherapy may include boost techniques to remaining PET positive areas or different escalation schedules to the primary tumor and mediastinal nodes.
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| 30. |
- Papakokkinou, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Nelson's syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pituitary. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-341X .- 1573-7403.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) still plays an important role in the management of Cushing's disease (CD). Nelson's syndrome (NS) is a severe complication of BA, but conflicting data on its prevalence and predicting factors have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NS, and identify factors associated with its development. Data sources Systematic literature search in four databases. Study Selection Observational studies reporting the prevalence of NS after BA in adult patients with CD. Data extraction Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by three independent investigators. Data synthesis Thirty-six studies, with a total of 1316 CD patients treated with BA, were included for the primary outcome. Pooled prevalence of NS was 26% (95% CI 22-31%), with moderate to high heterogeneity (I-2 67%, P < 0.01). The time from BA to NS varied from 2 months to 39 years. The prevalence of NS in the most recently published studies, where magnet resonance imaging was used, was 38% (95% CI 27-50%). The prevalence of treatment for NS was 21% (95% CI 18-26%). Relative risk for NS was not significantly affected by prior pituitary radiotherapy [0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.6)] or pituitary surgery [0.6 (95% CI 0.4-1.0)]. Conclusions Every fourth patient with CD treated with BA develops NS, and every fifth patient requires pituitary-specific treatment. The risk of NS may persist for up to four decades after BA. Life-long follow-up is essential for early detection and adequate treatment of NS.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Sellgren, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid: implications for psychosis and cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 21:10, s. 1342-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the glia-derived N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) have consistently been implicated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study based on CSF KYNA in bipolar disorder and found support for an association with a common variant within 1p21.3. After replication in an independent cohort, we linked this genetic variant-associated with reduced SNX7 expression-to positive psychotic symptoms and executive function deficits in bipolar disorder. A series of post-mortem brain tissue and in vitro experiments suggested SNX7 downregulation to result in a caspase-8-driven activation of interleukin-1 beta and a subsequent induction of the brain kynurenine pathway. The current study demonstrates the potential of using biomarkers in genetic studies of psychiatric disorders, and may help to identify novel drug targets in bipolar disorder.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 42. |
- Bentley, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Isospin symmetry of odd-odd mirror nuclei: Identification of excited states in N=Z-2 Mn-48
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 97:13: 132501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states have been observed in the N=Z-2 odd-odd nucleus Mn-48 for the first time. Through comparison with the structure of V-48, a first high-spin study of an odd-odd mirror pair has been achieved. Differences between the T=1 analogue states in this pair have been interpreted in terms of Coulomb effects, with the aid of shell-model calculations in the full pf valence space. Unlike other mirror pairs, the energy differences have been interpreted almost entirely as due to a monopole effect associated with smooth changes in radius (or deformation) as a function of angular momentum. In addition, the large energy shift between analogue negative-parity states is interpreted in terms of the electromagnetic spin-orbit interaction in nuclei.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bosworth, H. B., et al.
(författare)
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Medication adherence: a call for action
- 2011
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Ingår i: American heart journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6744 .- 0002-8703. ; 162:3, s. 412-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor adherence to efficacious cardiovascular-related medications has led to considerable morbidity, mortality, and avoidable health care costs. This article provides results of a recent think-tank meeting in which various stakeholder groups representing key experts from consumers, community health providers, the academic community, decision-making government officials (Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, etc), and industry scientists met to evaluate the current status of medication adherence and provide recommendations for improving outcomes. Below, we review the magnitude of the problem of medication adherence, prevalence, impact, and cost. We then summarize proven effective approaches and conclude with a discussion of recommendations to address this growing and significant public health issue of medication nonadherence.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Cedres, N, et al.
(författare)
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Brain Atrophy Subtypes and the ATN Classification Scheme in Alzheimer's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuro-degenerative diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2862 .- 1660-2854. ; 20:4, s. 153-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We investigated the association between atrophy subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the ATN classification scheme, and key demographic and clinical factors in 2 cohorts with different source characteristics (a highly selective research-oriented cohort, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI]; and a naturalistic heterogeneous clinically oriented cohort, Karolinska Imaging Dementia Study [KIDS]). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 382 AD patients were included. Factorial analysis of mixed data was used to investigate associations between AD subtypes based on brain atrophy patterns, ATN profiles based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), cerebrovascular disease (burden of white matter signal abnormalities, WMSAs), and <i>APOE</i> genotype. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Older patients with high WMSA burden, belonging to the typical AD subtype and showing A+T+N+ or A+T+N− profiles clustered together and were mainly from ADNI. Younger patients with low WMSA burden, limbic-predominant or minimal atrophy AD subtypes, and A+T−N− or A+T−N+ profiles clustered together and were mainly from KIDS. <i>APOE</i> ε4 carriers more frequently showed the A+T−N− and A+T+N− profiles. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings align with the recent framework for biological subtypes of AD: the combination of risk factors, protective factors, and brain pathologies determines belonging of AD patients to distinct subtypes.
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