| 1. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Ramalina elegans återfunnen i Uppland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lavbulletinen. - 1651-6435. ; 2014:2, s. 40-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Professor Ingvar Kärnfelt - a birthday tribute
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 41:5, s. 453-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On 19 July 2009 Ingvar Kärnefelt celebrated his 65th birthday. This could have meant that we, his former students, would be celebrating him in his retirement from his position as head of the Biological Museums at Lund University. We are grateful that this is not the case, as Ingvar will carry on, probably for at least one or two more years. Instead, we celebrate Ingvar because he is the main reason for all of us having studied lichenology in Lund. This special issue of The Lichenologist is dedicated to him as a birthday tribute in honour of his long and fruitful lichenological career. The main authors of all the papers in this issue are former students of Ingvar. For several of us he has not only acted as supervisor but later also as the director of the Botanical Museum where we meet him in our daily work.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dillman, Karen L., et al.
(författare)
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New records, range extensions and nomenclatural innovations for lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Alaska, USA
- 2012
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Ingår i: Herzogia. - : Herzogia. - 0018-0971. ; 25:2, s. 177-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New records, range extensions and nomenclatural innovations for lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Alaska, U.S.A. - Herzogia 25: 177-210. Surveys of lichens and lichenicolous fungi have been taking place in the U.S. state of Alaska for more than 160 years, but until now assessing the full extent of their diversity has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive and synonymized baseline inventory. In this paper we will begin to redress this by resolving outstanding nomenclatural issues and providing voucher data for a forthcoming catalog of Alaskan lichens, specifically: 1) synonymization,and/or resolution of status of species previously reported from Alaska, with emphasis on Alaskan types; 2) species new to the Alaska lichen biota; and 3) biogeographically significant new records from within Alaska. We report 91 species new to the flora of Alaska, including 65 lichens, three saprophytic calicioid fungi and 23 lichenicolous fungi. Of these, we report thirteen species, Biatora sphaeroidiza, Biatorella conspurcans, Chaenothecopsis arthoniae, Collemopsidium foveolatum, Dactylospora frigida, Halospora discrepans, Lecanora bryopsora, Opegrapha geographicola, Peltigera lyngei, Petractis clausa, Protoblastenia cyclospora, Thelocarpon impressellum and Usnea cylindrica as new to North America. In addition, Arthonia pruinata and Flavocetraria minuscula are new to Canada and Adelococcus alpestris new to the United States. We further place the following five names into synonymy: Lecania disceptans (Nyl.) Lynge [= Halecania alpivaga (Th.Fr.) M.Mayrhofer], Lecidea pallidella Nyl. [= Lecania subfuscula (Nyl.) S.Ekman], Lempholemma triptodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Leciophysma finmarkicum Th.Fr.), Polyblastia obtenta (Nyl.) Lynge [= Sporodictyon terrestre (Th.Fr.) S.Savic & Tibell], and Verrucaria pernigrata Nyl. [= Protothelenella sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt]. We propose restoring the long overlooked taxon Polyblastia exalbida (Nyl.) Zahlbr., currently known only from Alaska, to the North American lichen checklist. Finally, we propose the new combination Puttea caesia (Fr.) M.Svensson & T.Sprib. to replace Lecidea symmictella Nyl., which becomes a synonym.
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| 5. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-
(författare)
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Bacidia rosellizans, a new lichen species from the taiga belt
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 41:Part 5, s. 481-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacidia rosellizans S. Ekman is described as new to science. Morphologically, the newspecies is similar to the type species of the genus, B. rosella (Pers.) De Not., particularly in the pale pinkand pigment-deficient apothecia and in having the proper exciple and upper part of the hymeniuminspersed with minute crystals that consist at least partly of atranorin. Bacidia rosellizans, however,differs in having a thin whitish thallus, smaller apothecia and a thinner apothecial margin, a dense layerof crystals along the excipular rim, shorter and narrower ascospores with fewer septa, and septateconidia. Whereas B. rosella is a species occurring in the nemoral zone of Europe and possiblynorthernmost Africa and parts of Asia (but not North America), B. rosellizans is found mainly onPopulus and Salix in taiga. This species is currently known from Sweden, Russia, Canada and the USA.It was erroneously treated as Bacidia rosella in a monograph of North American corticolous species ofBacidia and Bacidina by Ekman (in Opera Botanica 127, 1996).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Biatora alnetorum (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales), a new lichen species from western North America
- 2019
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : PENSOFT PUBL. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; :48, s. 55-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biatora alnetorum S. Ekman & Tonsberg, a lichenised ascomycete in the family Ramalinaceae (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes), is described as new to science. It is distinct from other species of Biatora in the combination of mainly three-septate ascospores, a crustose thallus forming distinctly delimited soral is that develop by disintegration of convex pustules and the production of atranorin in the thallus and apothecia. The species is known from the Pacific Northwest of North America, where it inhabits the smooth bark of Alnua alnobetula subsp. sinuata and A. rubra. Biatora alnetorum is also a new host for the lichenicolous ascomycete Sclerococcum toensbagii Diederich.
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| 9. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-
(författare)
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Four new and two resurrected species of Bacidina from Sweden, with notes and a preliminary key to the known Scandinavian species
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 2023:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four species of Bacidina (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales, Ascomycota) are described as new to science from northern Europe (mainly Swedish material): Bacidina ferax S.Ekman, Bacidina lignicola S.Ekman, Bacidina maculans S.Ekman and Bacidina populnea S.Ekman. Another two species are resurrected from synonymy: Bacidina caerulea (Körb.) S.Ekman (based on Bacidia caerulea Körb.) and Bacidina circumpallens (Nyl.) S.Ekman (based on Lecidea circumpallens Nyl.). An additional four combinations are made: Bacidina friesiana (Hepp) S.Ekman (based on Biatora friesiana Hepp), Bacidina subfuscula (Nyl.) S.Ekman (based on Lecidea subfuscula Nyl.), Bacidina tarandina (Nyl.) S.Ekman (based on Lecidea tarandina Nyl.) and Bacidina tenella (Kullh.) S.Ekman (based on Bacidia tenella Kullh.). The morphology, distribution and nomenclature of all 28 species of Bacidina currently known from Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Denmark) are treated and an identification key is provided. In addition, Bacidina friesiana is discussed (for comparison with B. caerulea) even if it is not currently known from Scandinavia. Two of the treated species (B. epithallina ined., B. parasitica ined.) are parasites on cyanolichens but are not formally introduced here because of the scarcity of available material. Bilimbia arceutinoides Anzi is reduced to synonymy with Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold and Lecidea luteola var. chlorotica Ach. is reduced to synonymy with Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A.Massal. It is concluded that despite the present work, the diversity of the genus Bacidina remains insufficiently understood, at least in Scandinavia.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Jakten på Bacidia almquistii
- 2012
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Ingår i: Rödbläran. ; 2012 (1), s. 4-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The Devil in the Details : Interactions between the Branch-Length Prior and Likelihood Model Affect Node Support and Branch Lengths in the Phylogeny of the Psoraceae
- 2011
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Ingår i: Systematic Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X. ; 60:4, s. 541-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In popular use of Bayesian phylogenetics, a default branch-length prior is almost universally applied without knowing how a different prior would have affected the outcome. We performed Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) inference of phylogeny based on empirical nucleotide sequence data from a family of lichenized ascomycetes, the Psoraceae, the morphological delimitation of which has been controversial. We specifically assessed the influence of the combination of Bayesian branch-length prior and likelihood model on the properties of the Markov chain Monte Carlo tree sample, including node support, branch lengths, and taxon stability. Data included two regions of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, and the protein-coding largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Data partitioning was performed using Bayes' factors, whereas the best-fitting model of each partition was selected using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Given the data and model, short Bayesian branch-length priors generate higher numbers of strongly supported nodes as well as short and topologically similar trees sampled from parts of tree space that are largely unexplored by the ML bootstrap. Long branch-length priors generate fewer strongly supported nodes and longer and more dissimilar trees that are sampled mostly from inside the range of tree space sampled by the ML bootstrap. Priors near the ML distribution of branch lengths generate the best marginal likelihood and the highest frequency of "rogue" (unstable) taxa. The branch-length prior was shown to interact with the likelihood model. Trees inferred under complex partitioned models are more affected by the stretching effect of the branch-length prior. Fewer nodes are strongly supported under a complex model given the same branch-length prior. Irrespective of model, internal branches make up a larger proportion of total tree length under the shortest branch-length priors compared with longer priors. Relative effects on branch lengths caused by the branch-length prior can be problematic to downstream phylogenetic comparative methods making use of the branch lengths. Furthermore, given the same branch-length prior, trees are on average more dissimilar under a simple unpartitioned model compared with a more complex partitioned models. The distribution of ML branch lengths was shown to better fit a gamma or Pareto distribution than an exponential one. Model adequacy tests indicate that the best-fitting model selected by the BIC is insufficient for describing data patterns in 5 of 8 partitions. More general substitution models are required to explain the data in three of these partitions, one of which also requires nonstationarity. The two mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene partitions need heterotachous models. We found no significant correlations between, on the one hand, the amount of ambiguous data or the smallest branch-length distance to another taxon and, on the other hand, the topological stability of individual taxa. Integrating over several exponentially distributed means under the best-fitting model, node support for the family Psoraceae, including Psora, Protoblastenia, and the Micarea sylvicola group, is approximately 0.96. Support for the genus Psora is distinctly lower, but we found no evidence to contradict the current classification.
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| 18. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The Limitations of Ancestral State Reconstruction and the Evolution of the Ascus in the Lecanorales (Lichenized Ascomycota)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Systematic Biology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X. ; 57:1, s. 141-156
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ancestral state reconstructions of morphological or ecological traits on molecular phylogenies are becoming increasinglyfrequent. They rely on constancy of character state change rates over trees, a correlation between neutral geneticchange and phenotypic change, as well as on adequate likelihood models and (for Bayesian methods) prior distributions.This investigation explored the outcomes of a variety of methods for reconstructing discrete ancestral state in the ascus apexof the Lecanorales, a group containing the majority of lichen-forming ascomycetes. Evolution of this character complex hasbeen highly controversial in lichen systematics for more than two decades. The phylogeny was estimated using BayesianMarkov chain Monte Carlo inference on DNA sequence alignments of three genes (small subunit of the mitochondrialrDNA, large subunit of the nuclear rDNA, and largest subunit of RNA polymerase II). We designed a novel method forassessing the suitable number of discrete gamma categories, which relies on the effect on phylogeny estimates rather thanon likelihoods. Ancestral state reconstructions were performed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood ona posterior tree sample as well as two fully Bayesian methods. Resulting reconstructions were often strikingly differentdepending on the method used; different methods often assign high confidence to different states at a given node. Thetwo fully Bayesian methods disagree about the most probable reconstruction in about half of the nodes, even when similarlikelihood models and similar priors are used. We suggest that similar studies should use several methods, awaiting animproved understanding of the statistical properties of the methods. A Lecanora-type ascus may have been ancestral in theLecanorales. State transformations counts, obtained using stochastic mapping, indicate that the number of state changes is12 to 24, which is considerably greater than the minimum three changes needed to explain the four observed ascus apextypes. Apparently, the ascus in the Lecanorales is far more apt to change than has been recognized. Phylogeny correspondswell with morphology, although it partly contradicts currently used delimitations of the Crocyniaceae, Haematommataceae,Lecanoraceae, Megalariaceae, Mycoblastaceae, Pilocarpaceae, Psoraceae, Ramalinaceae, Scoliciosporaceae, and Squamarinaceae.
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| 19. |
- Ekman, Stefan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Three overlooked species of Bacidia from insular Laurimacaronesia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 39:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the taxonomy of three species of Bacidia occurring in insular Laurimacaronesia. Two of them, B. amylothelia (Vain.) Vain. and B. endoleucoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., which were previously described from Angola and Madeira, respectively, are found here to belong in Bacidia s. str. (Ramalinaceae). Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for the first time. Bacidia amylothelia is similar to B. areolata Gerasimova & A. Beck, B. campalea (Tuck.) S. Ekman & Kalb, B. fusconigrescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., B. heteroloma (Vain.) Zahlbr., B. millegrana (Taylor) Zahlbr. and B. suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneid. and is reported here from the Canary Islands. Bacidia endoleucoides is most likely to be confused with B. absistens (Nyl.) Arnold, B. friesiana (Hepp) Korb., B. salazarensis B. de Lesd. and B. caesiovirens S. Ekman & Holien and was found to be widely distributed in the Canary Islands and Azores in addition to Madeira. The third species, Bacidia deludens S. Ekman, Tonsberg & van den Boom, is described here as new to science. Bacidia deludens is characterised by a greyish, crustose thallus with whitish soralia, pale apothecia with crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple, acicular ascospores with 3-19 septa, and the production of fumarprotocetraric acid as the consistently present major substance. It is described here from the Canary Islands and Madeira. Although conservatively treated here in Bacidia, we argue that it is likely to belong in the Malmideaceae. An identification key to all known species of Bacidia s. str. in insular Macaronesia is provided.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gerasimova, Julia V., et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomy and nomenclature of seven names in Bacidia (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales) described from Russia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 316:3, s. 292-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aim to increase understanding and improve taxonomy of seven names currently treated in Bacidia that were described from Russian territory based on material collected during 19th-century expeditions: Bacidia alborussula, B. freshfieldii, B. graminum, B. indigens, B. primigenia, B. subabbrevians, and B. xylophila. B. alborussula, B. graminum, and B. indigens are transferred here to Haematomma, Lecania, and Bacidina, respectively. Bacidia freshfieldii and B. subabbrevians belong in the Ramalinaceae and are provisionally kept in Bacidia even though none of them is congeneric with the type of that genus. B. primigenia belongs in Arthrorhaphis, but we refrain from making any new combination owing to its questionable status as a species distinct from A. grisea. B. xylophila is a younger synonym of Lecania subfuscula. We designate lectotypes for names previously not typified and for which syntypes exist: Lecidea alborussula, L. graminum, L. indigens, and L. subabbrevians.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Kistenich, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular systematics and character evolution in the lichen family Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 67:5, s. 871-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ramalinaceae is the fourth-largest family of lichenized ascomycetes with 42 genera and 913 species exhibiting considerable morphological variation. Historically, generic boundaries in the Ramalinaceae were primarily based on morphological characters. However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at odds with evolutionary relationships. Tropical members of the family remain particularly understudied, including the large genus Phyllopsora. We have generated and collected multilocus sequence data (mtSSU, nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2) for 149 species associated with the Ramalinaceae and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family. We used ancestral state reconstructions on our molecular family phylogeny to trace the evolution of character states. Our results indicate that the Ramalinaceae have arisen from an ancestor with long, multiseptate ascospores living in humid temperate forests, and that the phyllopsoroid growth form has evolved multiple times within the family. Based on our results using integrative taxonomy, we discuss sister-relations and taxon-delimitation within five well-supported clades: The Bacidia, Biatora- ,Ramalina-, Rolfidium-, and Toninia-groups. We reduce six genera into synonymy and make 49 new nomenclatural combinations. The genera Bacidia, Phyllopsora, Physcidia and Toninia are polyphyletic and herein split into segregates. We describe the two genera Bellicidia and Parallopsora and resurrect the genera Bibbya, Kiliasia, Sporacestra, and Thalloidima. According to our new circumscription, which also includes some additional changes, the family Ramalinaceae now comprises 39 genera.
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| 24. |
- Kistenich, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an integrative taxonomy of Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae)
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 51:4, s. 323-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species identification in the tropical lichen genus Phyllopsora is generally challenging and is based on ascospore morphology, vegetative dispersal units, thallus structure and secondary chemistry. As several type specimens are in poor condition and difficult to interpret, it is often unclear how these old names fit with the currently used taxonomy. In the present study, we aim to identify species boundaries in Phyllopsora s. str. supported by an integrative approach using multiple sources of evidence. We investigated a substantial amount of herbarium as well as freshly collected material and generated mtSSU and ITS sequence data from most of the described species, including several types. Species delimitation analyses are applied on the gene trees using mPTP and we construct a species tree of both markers with *BEAST, facilitating discussion of species delimitation and sister-relationships. Comparing morphology, chemistry and molecular data, we found that the mPTP analyses split established species repeatedly. Based on our integrative results, we exclude nine species from the genus, resurrect one (P. melanoglauca Zahlbr.), reduce two into synonymy with other Phyllopsora species and describe five as new to science: Phyllopsora amazonica Kistenich & Timdal (which shares the secondary chemistry (atranorin and terpenoid pattern) with P. halei chemotype 1, but differs, e.g., in having smaller areolae that are attached to a thinner, white prothallus, and in having more persistently marginate and less convex apothecia), Phyllopsora concinna Kistenich & Timdal (which shares the secondary chemistry (atranorin and parvifoliellin) with P. parvifoliella and P. rappiana, but differs from both in forming larger isidia, having a white prothallus, apothecial margin paler than the disc, and longer and broader ascospores), Phyllopsora furfurella Kistenich & Timdal (which is here segregated from P. furfuracea based on having a white prothallus and in containing skyrin in the hypothecium (K+ red)), Phyllopsora isidosa Kistenich & Timdal (which differs from P. byssiseda in forming a more crustose thallus with more delicate isidia, and from P. isidiotyla in forming somewhat coarser, less branched isidia) and Phyllopsora neotinica Kistenich & Timdal (a neotropical species here segregated from the now exclusively paleotropical P. chodatinica, differing in containing an unknown xanthone (not chodatin)). Lectotypes are designated for Biatora pyrrhomelaena Tuck., Lecidea leucophyllina Nyl., L. pertexta Nyl., and P. brachyspora Mull. Arg. In total, we accept 54 species in the genus Phyllopsora.
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| 25. |
- Larsson, Maria E H, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of sickness absence through early identification and rehabilitation of at-risk patients with musculoskeletal pain (PREVSAM): a randomised controlled trial protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMusculoskeletal pain is globally a leading cause of physical disability. Many musculoskeletal-related pain conditions, such as low back pain, often resolve spontaneously. In some individuals, pain may recur or persist, leading to ong-term physical disability, reduced work capacity, and sickness absence. Early identification of individuals in which this may occur, is essential for preventing or reducing the risk of developing persistent musculoskeletal pain and long-term sickness absence. The aim of the trial described in this protocol is to evaluate effects of an early intervention, the PREVSAM model, on the prevention of sickness absence and development of persistent pain in at-risk patients with musculoskeletal pain.MethodsEligible participants are adults who seek health care for musculoskeletal pain and who are at risk of developing persistent pain, physical disability, and sickness absence. Participants may be recruited from primary care rehabilitation centres or primary care healthcare centres in Region Vastra Gotaland. Participants will be randomised to treatment according to the PREVSAM model (intervention group) or treatment as usual (control group). The PREVSAM model comprises an interdisciplinary, person-centred rehabilitation programme, including coordinated measures within primary health care, and may include collaboration with participants' employers. The primary outcome sickness absence is operationalised as the number and proportion of individuals who remain in full- or part-time work, the number of gross and net days of sickness absence during the intervention and follow-up period, and time to first sickness absence spell. Secondary outcomes are patient-reported short-term sickness absence, work ability, pain, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, risk for sickness absence, anxiety and depression symptoms and physical disability at 1 and 3months after inclusion (short-term follow-up), and at 6 and 12months (long-term follow-up). A cost-effectiveness analysis is planned and drug consumption will be investigated.DiscussionThe study is expected to provide new knowledge on the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation model that incorporates early identification of patients with musculoskeletal pain at risk for development of sickness absence and persistent pain. The study findings may contribute to more effective rehabilitation processes of this large patient population, and potentially reduce sickness absence and costs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Protocol ID: NCT03913325, Registered April 12, 2019.Version 2, 10 July 2020.Version 2 changes: Clarifications regarding trial aim and inclusion process.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Lättman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the dispersal capacity of the rare lichen Cliostomum corrugatum
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 142:8, s. 1870-1878
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to estimate the dispersal rate in an organism assumed to be confined totree stands with unbroken continuity. We used the lichen-forming ascomycete Cliostomum corrugatum,which is largely confined to old oak stands. Five populations, with pairwise distances ranging from 6.5to 83 km, were sampled in Östergötland, south-eastern Sweden. DNA sequence data from an intron inthe small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene was obtained from 85 samples. Nearly all molecular variance(99.6%) was found within populations and there were no signs of isolation-by-distance. The absolutenumber of immigrants per population per generation (estimated to 30 years), inferred by BayesianMCMC, was found to be between 1 and 5. Altogether, evidence suggests abundant gene flow in the historyof our sample. A simulation procedure demonstrated that we cannot know whether effective dispersal isongoing or if it ceased at the time when oaks started to decrease dramatically around 400 years BP. However,a scenario where effective dispersal ceased already at the time when the postglacial reinvasion ofoak had reached the region around 6000 years BP is unlikely. Vegetation history suggests that the habitatof C. corrugatum was patchily distributed in the landscape since the early Holocene. Combined with thehigh dispersal rate estimate, this suggests that the species has been successful at frequently crossing distancesof at least several kilometres and possibly that it has primarily been limited by the availability ofhabitat rather than by dispersal.
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| 28. |
- Millanes, Ana M., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and character evolution in the jelly fungi (Tremellomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 61:1, s. 12-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi) are a nutritionally heterogeneous group comprising saprotrophs, animal parasites, and fungicolous species (fungal-inhabiting, including lichen-inhabiting). The relationships of many species, particularly those with a lichenicolous habit, have never been investigated by molecular methods. We present a phylogeny of the Tremellomycetes based on three nuclear DNA ribosomal markers (nSSU, 5.8S and nLSU), representing all main taxonomic groups and life forms, including lichenicolous taxa. The Cystofilobasidiales, Filobasidiales, Holtermanniales, and Tremellales (including the Trichosporonales) are recovered as monophyletic, but this is not the case for the Tremellomycetes. We suggest, however, that the Cystofilobasidiales tentatively continue to be included in the Tremellomycetes. As currently circumscribed, the Filobasidiaceae, Sirobasidiaceae, Syzygosporaceae and Tremellaceae are non-monophyletic. Cuniculitremaceae, Sirobasidiaceae and Tetragoniomycetaceae are nested within Tremellaceae. The lichenicolous species currently included within the Tremellomycetes belong in this group, distributed across the Filobasidiales and Tremellales. Lichen-inhabiting taxa do not form a monophyletic group; they are distributed in several clades and sometimes intermixed with taxa of other nutritional habits. Character state reconstruction indicates that two morphological traits claimed to characterize groups in the Tremellomycetes (the basidium habit and basidium septation) are highly homoplastic. Comparative phylogenetic methods suggest that the transitions between single and catenulate basidia in the Tremellales are consistent with a punctuational model of evolution whereas basidium septation is likely to have evolved under a graduational model in the clade comprising the Holtermanniales, Filobasidiales, and Tremellales.
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| 29. |
- Reese Næsborg, Rikke, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of the genus Lecania (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mycological Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0953-7562 .- 1469-8102. ; 111:5, s. 581-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular phylogeny of the lichen genus Lecaniawas investigated using nucleotide sequences from the mt-SSU rRNA, the ITS region of the nu-rDNA, and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit. Forty-six species representing Lecania and other genera likely to influence the phylogeny were included in the study. Phylogenetic reconstructions were carried out using Bayesian inference, ML, and MP approaches. Lecania, as traditionally circumscribed, is not a monophyletic genus. However, a monophyletic group containing a large number of Lecania species, including the type species L. fuscella, was discovered in the analysis, and recognition of Lecania sensu stricto is suggested. L. baeomma, L. glauca, L. gerlachei, L. brialmontii, L. racovitzae, L. hyalina (alias Biatora globulosa), L. chlorotiza, L. naegelii, and L. furfuracea do not belong in Lecania s. str., although the latter two are closely related to Lecania s. str. Representatives of the genus Bilimbia form a well-supported group, as does the ‘Thamnolecania’ group containing the Antarctic ‘Lecania’ species, L. gerlachei, L. brialmontii, and L. racovitzae. An alternative to recognizing these two genera would be a wider circumscription of Bilimbia to include the ‘Thamnolecania’ group as well as affiliated taxa.
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| 30. |
- Rolstad, Jørund, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation and reproductive mode in two epiphytic lichens of conservation concern: a transatlantic study of Evernia divaricata and Usnea longissima
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Botany. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 1916-2790 .- 1916-2804. ; 91, s. 69-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- North European epiphytic lichens are often genetically impoverished compared with their North American counterparts.This has been hypothesized to impede sexual reproduction due to reduced chances of finding compatible mating typepartners. We compared genetic variation and reproductive mode in two threatened Scandinavian lichens, Evernia divaricata andUsnea longissima, with more viable populations in North America to see (i) if these species also show genetical depletion innorthern Europe and (ii) if the occurrence of sexual propagules (ascospores in apothecia) is more prevalent in genetically diversepopulations. Genetic variation of the fungal component was assessed by sequencing two nuclear rDNA gene regions (ITS and IGS)in 1005 and 1477 thalli, collected from 92 and 160 localities of E. divaricata and U. longissima, respectively. Scandinavian populationsof both species were almost devoid of genetic variation compared with much higher genetic diversity in North America.Wefound no support for the proposed relationship between genetic diversity and fertility. Fertile thalli were found in severalgenetically invariable populations. Fertility increased with population size and regional abundance in E. divaricata, but not inU. longissima. In Scandinavia, E. divaricata was more fertile than previously recorded, whereas all sampled populations ofU. longissima were sterile and possibly clonal.
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| 31. |
- Samulowitz, Anke, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
General self-efficacy and social support in men and women with pain – irregular sex patterns of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a general population sample
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The study of sex and gender patterns in psychosocial resources is a growing field of interest in pain research with importance for pain rehabilitation and prevention. The aims of this study were first, to estimate cross-sectional differences in psychosocial resources (general self-efficacy and social support) across men and women in a population with frequent musculoskeletal pain (pain in the back or neck/shoulder nearly every day or now and again during the week for the last 12 months) and to compare these differences with a population with no frequent pain. Second, to examine if psychosocial resources at baseline were associated with pain at follow-up among men and women in the frequent pain population. Methods: This study was based on survey data from the Swedish Health Assets Project, including The General Self-Efficacy Scale and social support questions. Participants (n = 4010, 55% women) were divided into no frequent pain (n = 2855) and frequent pain (n = 1155). General self-efficacy and social support were analyzed (cross-sectional and longitudinal data) with linear and logistic regressions. Results: Men, with and without frequent pain, had higher general self-efficacy than the corresponding groups in women. Women, with and without frequent pain, had stronger emotional social support than the corresponding groups in men. Men with no frequent pain had weaker instrumental social support than women with no frequent pain (OR = 0.64 (95% CI 0.47–0.87)), men with frequent pain did not (OR = 1.32 (95% CI 0.86–2.01)). In the frequent pain population, the interaction between sex and strong (compared to weak) emotional social support was statistically significant (p = 0.040) for no frequent pain at follow-up, with women having OR = 1.81 and men OR = 0.62. Among women, strong emotional social support was associated with no frequent pain at follow-up. Among men, strong emotional social support was associated with frequent pain at follow-up. Conclusion: Some of the associations between general self-efficacy, social support and musculosceletal pain showed unexpected sex patterns. Gendered expectations might have relevance for some of the results.
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| 32. |
- Samulowitz, Anke, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial resources predict frequent pain differently for men and women: A prospective cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Psychosocial resources, psychological and social factors like self-efficacy and social support have been suggested as important assets for individuals with chronic pain, but the importance of psychosocial resources for the development of pain is sparsely examined, especially sex and gender differences. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial resources and sex on the development of frequent pain in a general population sample, and to deepen the knowledge about sex and gender patterns. Methods A sample from the Swedish Health Assets Project, a longitudinal cohort study, included self-reported data from 2263 participants, 53% women, with no frequent pain at baseline. The outcome variable was frequent pain at 18-months follow-up. Psychosocial resources studied were general self-efficacy, instrumental and emotional social support. Log binomial regressions in a generalised linear model were used to calculate risk ratios (RRs), comparing all combinations of men with high psychosocial resources, men with low psychosocial resources, women with high psychosocial resources and women with low psychosocial resources. Results Women with low psychosocial resources had higher risk of frequent pain at follow-up compared to men with high resources: general self-efficacy RR 1.82, instrumental social support RR 2.33 and emotional social support RR 1.94. Instrumental social support was the most important protective resource for women, emotional social support was the most important one for men. Results were discussed in terms of gender norms. Conclusions The psychosocial resources general self-efficacy, instrumental and emotional support predicted the risk of developing frequent pain differently among and between men and women in a general population sample. The results showed the importance of studying sex and gender differences in psychological and not least social predictors for pain.
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| 33. |
- Spribille, Toby, et al.
(författare)
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Contributions to an epiphytic lichen flora of northwest North America: I. Eight new species from British Columbia inland rain forests
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The Bryologist. - 0007-2745 .- 1938-4378. ; 112:1, s. 109-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent surveys of the inland rain forests of British Columbia and adjacentregions have brought to light an unexpectedly rich epiphytic lichen flora, including severalspecies apparently new to science. In the first of a series of papers, we describe eight speciesdiscovered during these surveys as new: Absconditella amabilis T. Sprib. (Ostropales),Bacidina contecta S. Ekman & T. Sprib., Biatora aureolepra T. Sprib. & Tønsberg, Biatoraligni-mollis T. Sprib. & Printzen (all Lecanorales), Collema coniophilum Goward(Peltigerales), Pertusaria diluta C. Bjo¨rk, G. Thor & T. Wheeler (Pertusariales), Schaereriabrunnea C. Bjo¨rk, T. Sprib. & T. Wheeler (Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis) andScoliciosporum abietinum T. Sprib. (Lecanorales). We also call attention to a ninth species,Bacidina sp. A, a poorly known and possibly undescribed colonizer of moribundcyanolichens. A majority of the above species appear to be confined to old-growth forests,while two (Biatora ligni-mollis and Schaereria brunnea) are currently known only from‘‘antique’’ forests older than about 500 years. Many additional undescribed epiphyticlichens are known from inland rain forests, underscoring the need for further baselinebiodiversity research in light of its ongoing disappearance as a result of resource extraction.In addition to the eight new species, we report Absconditella celata as new to NorthAmerica, Absconditella lignicola as new to Canada and Montana, Bacidina chloroticula asnew to British Columbia and Gyalideopsis piceicola as new to Montana.
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| 34. |
- Spribille, Toby, et al.
(författare)
-
Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 52:2, s. 61-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lichens are widely acknowledged to be a key component of high latitude ecosystems. However, the time investment needed for full inventories and the lack of taxonomic identification resources for crustose lichen and lichenicolous fungal diversity have hampered efforts to fully gauge the depth of species richness in these ecosystems. Using a combination of classical field inventory and extensive deployment of chemical and molecular analysis, we assessed the diversity of lichens and associated fungi in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (USA), a mixed landscape of coastal boreal rainforest and early successional low elevation habitats deglaciated after the Little Ice Age. We collected nearly 5000 specimens and found a total of 947 taxa, including 831 taxa of lichen-forming and 96 taxa of lichenicolous fungi together with 20 taxa of saprotrophic fungi typically included in lichen studies. A total of 98 species (10.3% of those detected) could not be assigned to known species and of those, two genera and 27 species are described here as new to science: Atrophysma cyanomelanos gen. et sp. nov., Bacidina circumpulla, Biatora marmorea, Carneothele sphagnicola gen. et sp. nov., Cirrenalia lichenicola, Corticifraga nephromatis, Fuscidea muskeg, Fuscopannaria dillmaniae, Halecania athallina, Hydropunctaria alaskana, Lambiella aliphatica, Lecania hydrophobica, Lecanora viridipruinosa, Lecidea griseomarginata, L. streveleri, Miriquidica gyrizans, Niesslia peltigerae, Ochrolechia cooperi, Placynthium glaciale, Porpidia seakensis, Rhizocarpon haidense, Sagiolechia phaeospora, Sclerococcum fissurinae, Spilonema maritimum, Thelocarpon immersum, Toensbergia blastidiata and Xenonectriella nephromatis. An additional 71 'known unknown' species are cursorily described. Four new combinations are made: Lepra subvelata (G. K. Merr.) T. Sprib., Ochrolechia minuta (Degel.) T. Sprib., Steineropsis laceratula (Hue) T. Sprib. & Ekman and Toensbergia geminipara (Th. Fr.) T. Sprib. & Resl. Thirty-eight taxa are new to North America and 93 additional taxa new to Alaska. We use four to eight DNA loci to validate the placement of ten of the new species in the orders Baeomycetales, Ostropales, Lecanorales, Peltigerales, Pertusariales and the broader class Lecanoromycetes with maximum likelihood analyses. We present a total of 280 new fungal DNA sequences. The lichen inventory from Glacier Bay National Park represents the second largest number of lichens and associated fungi documented from an area of comparable size and the largest to date in North America. Coming from almost 60 degrees N, these results again underline the potential for high lichen diversity in high latitude ecosystems.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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A crush on small fungi : An efficient and quick method for obtaining DNA from minute ascomycetes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - 2041-210X. ; 9:1, s. 148-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a reliable technique for extracting DNA from single microscopic fungal thalli, including efficient cell disruption and transfer of cell content for subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The technique was primarily developed for members of the ascomycete order Laboulbeniales, which are minute fungi with tough cell walls that are exceedingly difficult to disrupt with standard extraction techniques. Our method makes routine amplification of DNA from single thalli possible, even from small species or poorly developed individuals. DNA release is accomplished in an entirely mechanical manner using an arbor press fitted with custom-made components. This approach has eliminated additional treatment such as laborious freeze-thaw cycles, enzymes, or lysing agents. The overall PCR success rate of 89% is comparable to or better than alternative protocols that make use of substantially larger amounts of fungal tissue. From 97% of the successful PCRs a total of 156 sequences from four gene regions were produced. Being able to restrict DNA extractions to a single thallus is critical to all genetic studies requiring data at the level of individual, e.g. population genetics. As all researchers working with minute uncultivable organisms in many respects face the same problems (effective handling of the material, small quantities of DNA etc.), the methodology described here has a potential to be widely applicable. Necessary custom-made components can be manufactured at fairly low cost by any precision-tool workshop using our detail drawings.
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| 37. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Coreomyces (Laboulbeniales) in Sweden, with two new species
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 39:11, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniomycetes, Ascomycota) includes minute parasites on water boatmen (Corixidae, Hemiptera, Insecta). This taxonomic study is primarily based on freshly sampled corixids infected by Coreomyces from Sweden, although a few samples from Denmark and Turkey were also included. All records were verified using DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat region. We recognise four species, two of which are new to science: Coreomyces confusus H. Sundb. et al. sp. nov., C. corixae Thaxt., C. dextrorsus H. Sundb. et al. sp. nov. and C. macropus Thaxt. Coreomyces corixae is new to Denmark, Sweden and Turkey, while C. macropus is new to Denmark and Sweden. Coreomyces confusus is morphologically very similar to C. macropus and also occupies the same positions on the same host species, although it seems to be less common. Coreomyces dextrorsus resembles C. corixae morphologically but is usually considerably larger. It infects the same host species as C. corixae and also shares one of its positions on the host with C. corixae, although it is much more common in its species-specific position. All four species can inhabit two different yet distinct positions on the host. We observe that morphology is affected by the position on the host and that different species sharing the same position on the host tend to be difficult or impossible to separate on morphology only. We conclude that species circumscriptions in Coreomyces must be based on the integration of molecular and morphological data.
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| 38. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Mating types in the genus Coreomyces
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to uncover the mating system in members of the monoecious genus Coremyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota). We retrieved genome sequences from five individuals using NGS methods and looked for mating type genes as well as flanking genes. The genomes represent two species, Coreomyces macropus Thaxt. (four genomes) and C. confusus H. Sundb. et al. (one genome). Our results indicate that the two species of Coreomyces are homothallic. We found both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 in long scaffolds with high sequencing depth in four out of five genomes (MAT1-2 was not encountered in one of the genomes). The flanking SLA2 gene was observed in all five genomes, whereas APN2 was encountered only in two genomes of C. macropus. Homothallism, combined with the earlier observations that archegonia and antheridia appear in close physical proximity and that spermatia generally disperse only over very short distances, suggest that intrahaploid mating may be the norm in Coreomyces and confers an evolutionary advantage.
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| 39. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Position specificity in the genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Ascomycota)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Fungal Systematics and Evolution. - : Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. - 2589-3823 .- 2589-3831. ; 1:1, s. 217-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study position specificity in the insect-parasitic fungal genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniales), we sampled corixid hosts (Corixidae, Heteroptera) in southern Scandinavia. We detected Coreomyces thalli in five different positions on the hosts. Thalli from the various positions grouped in four distinct clusters in the resulting gene trees, distinctly so in the ITS and LSU of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, less so in the SSU of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA. Thalli from the left side of abdomen grouped in a single cluster, and so did thalli from the ventral right side. Thalli in the mid-ventral position turned out to be a mix of three clades, while thalli growing dorsally grouped with thalli from the left and right abdominal clades. The mid-ventral and dorsal positions were found in male hosts only. The position on the left hemelytron was shared by members from two sister clades. Statistical analyses demonstrate a significant positive correlation between clade and position on the host, but also a weak correlation between host sex and clade membership. These results indicate that sex-of-host specificity may be a non-existent extreme in a continuum, where instead weak preferences for one host sex may turn out to be frequent.
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| 40. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Two new species in the genus Coreomyces Thaxt. from Europe
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Coreomyces is a small insect-parasitic genus that belongs to the ascomycete order Laboulbeniales. In this study we describe two new species: Coreomyces confusus sp. nov and Coreomyces dextrorsum sp. nov. We have also found C. macropus Thaxt. and C. corixae Thaxt. Thalli congruent in both morphology and position on host integument with C. arcuatus sensu Majewski have been shown to be a morphotype of C. macropus. Infected corixids have been sampled from Sweden and Turkey. Our records have been verified with molecular data (ITS and nrLSU rDNA).
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| 41. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic novelties and new records of Fennoscandian crustose lichens
- 2017
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; :25, s. 51-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present taxonomic, distributional and ecological notes on Fennoscandian crustose lichens and lichenicolous fungi, based on new collections as well as revision of herbarium material. Two new combinations are proposed: Frutidella furfuracea comb. nov. for F. pullata and Puttea duplex comb. nov. for Fellhanera duplex. Lecidea byssoboliza, L. carneoglauca and Variolaria torta are all reduced to synonymy with Bacidia antricola, Bacidia invertens is synonymized with B. igniarii, B. atrolivida with Mycobilimbia tetramera, and Gyalidea fruticola with Thelenella pertusariella. A new description is provided for Micarea hylocomii. 25 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi are reported as new to Finland, Norway and/or Sweden: Absconditella lignicola (Norway), Bacidia antricola (Norway), B. polychroa (Norway), B. pycnidata (Sweden), Bacidina adastra (Sweden), Biatora veteranorum (Norway), Briancoppinsia cytospora (Finland), Catillaria scotinodes (Norway), Cliostomum subtenerum (Norway), Dirina fallax (Sweden), Fellhaneropsis almquistiorum (Norway), Gyalidea subscutellaris (Sweden), Lecania inundata (Norway), L. suavis (Norway), Micarea capitata (Norway), M. deminuta (Norway), M. hylocomii (Sweden), M. lynceola (Sweden), M. soralifera (Sweden), M. subconfusa (Sweden), Mycoblastus sanguinarioides (Finland, Sweden), Paralecia pratorum (Sweden), Puttea duplex (Sweden), Sarcogyne algoviae (Finland) and Toninia subnitida (Norway). Lectotypes are designated for Bacidia antricola, Lecidea byssoboliza, Lecidea carneoglauca, Lecidea subconfusa and Lecidea submoestula.
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| 42. |
- Tuovinen, Veera, et al.
(författare)
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Two Basidiomycete Fungi in the Cortex of Wolf
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Current Biology. - : CELL PRESS. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 29:3, s. 476-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the late 1800s, mycologists have been detecting fungi above and beyond the assumed single fungus in lichen thalli [1-6]. Over the last century, these fungi have been accorded roles ranging from commensalists to pathogens. Recently, Cyphobasidiales yeasts were shown to be ubiquitous in the cortex layer of many macrolichens [7], but for most species, little is known of their cellular distribution and constancy beyond visible fruiting structures. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of an additional and distantly related basidiomycete, Tremella, in 95% of studied thalli in a global sample of one of the most intensively studied groups of lichens, the wolf lichens (genus Letharia). Tremella species are reported from a wide range of lichen genera [8], but until now, their biology was deduced from fruiting bodies (basidiomata) formed on lichen thalli. Based on this, they have been thought to be uncommon to rare, to occur exclusively in a hyphal form, and to be parasitic on the dominant fungal partner [9, 10]. We show that, in wolf lichens, Tremella occurs as yeast cells also in thalli that lack basidiomata and infer that this is its dominant stage in nature. We further show that the hyphal stage, when present in Letharia, is in close contact with algal cells, challenging the assumption that lichen-associated Tremella species are uniformly mycoparasites. Our results suggest that extent of occurrence and cellular interactions of known fungi within lichens have historically been underestimated and raise new questions about their function in specific lichen symbioses.
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| 43. |
- von Hirschheydt, Gesa, et al.
(författare)
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Occupancy model reveals limited detectability of lichens in a standardised large-scale monitoring
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 35:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question: What are the extent and the possible causes of imperfect detection in lichens? Because lichens are sessile and lack seasonality, they should be easier to survey than animals that can move or plants and fungi with seasonal morphology, and one could therefore expect relatively high detection probabilities.Location: 826 standardised sampling plots across Switzerland.Methods: Using repeated detection/non-detection data from a national lichen survey conducted by professional lichenologists, we estimated the mean and variation in detectability for 373 tree-living species with a multi-species occupancy model. We also quantified the effect of species conspicuousness, identifiability and observer experience on detection probability.Results: The average detection probability for a single survey was unexpectedly low with an average of 0.49 (range across species: 0.25-0.74). Conspicuous species showed higher average detectability (0.56) than inconspicuous species (0.41), and identifiability as well as previous experience with a species substantially increased the probability of a person detecting it. Accounting for experience, the mean detection probabilities of observers ranged from 0.32 to 0.69.Conclusions: Our study confirms that detection probability per survey is often far below 1 also in sessile organisms, even when a standardised survey is conducted by experts. When species are seasonal (plants, fungi, etc.), survey areas are larger, or field personnel are less experienced, as is the case for many surveys and monitoring programs, detectabilities are likely to be substantially lower. We therefore argue that imperfect detection should systematically be considered in the survey design and data analysis also for sessile organisms.
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| 44. |
- Wedin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Slippery when wet: Phylogeny and character evolution in the gelatinous cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes)
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - San Diego : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 53:3, s. 862-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many lichen fungi form symbioses with filamentous Nostoc cyanobacteria, which cause the lichen toswell and become extremely gelatinous when moist. Within the Lecanoromycetes, such gelatinous lichens are today mainly classified in the Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Ascomycota). We performed Bayesian MCMC, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses of three independent markers(mtSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, and RPB1), to improve our understanding of the phylogeny and classification in the Peltigerales, as well as the evolution of morphological characters that have been used for classification purposes in this group. The Collemataceae and the non-gelatinous Pannariaceae are paraphyleticbut can be re-circumscribed as monophyletic if Leciophysma, Physma, Ramalodium and Staurolemma are transferred to the Pannariaceae. The gelatinous taxa transferred to the Pannariaceae deviate from other Collemataceae in having simple ascospores, and several also have a ring-shaped exciple as in other Pannariaceae, rather than the disc-shaped exciple found in the typical Collemataceae. Both Collema and Leptogium are non-monophyletic. The re-circumscribed Collemataceae shares a distinct ascus type withthe sister group Placynthiaceae and the Coccocarpiaceae, whereas Pannariaceae includes a variety of structures. All Pannariaceae have one-celled ascospores, whereas all Collemataceae have two- or multi-celled spores. Reconstructions of the number of character state transformations in exciple structure, thallus gelatinosity, and ascus apex structure indicate that the number of transformations is distinctly higher than the minimum possible. Most state transformations in the exciple took place from aring-shaped to a disc-shaped exciple. Depending on the reconstruction method, most or all transformationsin thallus structure took place from a non-gelatinous to a gelatinous thallus. Gains and losses of internal structures in the ascus apex account for all or a vast majority of the number of transformations in the ascus, whereas direct transformations between asci with internal structures appear to have been rare.
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| 45. |
- Wedin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Vahliellaceae, a new family of cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Lichenologist. ; 43, s. 67-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently described genus Vahliella (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes) has repeatedly appearedoutside the Pannariaceae in molecular phylogenies. Here we include data from additional species ofthe genus and utilize mtSSU rDNA and RPB1 sequences to confirm its placement as the sister to agroup consisting of Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae and Peltigeraceae, in the Peltigerales.The new family Vahliellaceae Wedin, P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman is described for the genus, and itsmorphological characteristics are briefly discussed.
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| 46. |
- Weerakoon, Gothamie, et al.
(författare)
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Leightoniella zeylanensis belongs to the Pannariaceae
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : WILEY. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 36:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent finds of Leightoniella zeylanensis, classified variously in the Collemataceae and Pannariaceae, enabled us to generate DNA sequence data for investigating its phylogenetic affiliation. Newly generated sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal (mrSSU) DNA, and the largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB1) indicate that L. zeylanensis is a member of the Pannariaceae, belonging to a strongly supported clade together with Physma, Lepidocollema, and Gibbosporina (= the Physma clade'). With the currently available data, however, relationships within this clade are largely impossible to reconstruct with confidence. Leightoniella zeylanensis was found to possess ellipsoid ascospores surrounded by a thick, gelatinous perispore with pointed ends, supporting a previously published hypothesis that such a perispore type is a synapomorphy for the Physma clade. A lectotype is designated for the basionym Pterygium zeylanense Leight.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Westberg, Martin, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Örtlav, Lobaria virens, i Fiby urskog
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lavbulletinen. - : Svensk Lichenologisk Förening. - 1651-6435. ; :1, s. 41-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En bild på Facebook i gruppen ”Mossor och lavar” fick stor uppmärksamhet och gav upphov till många kommentarer och en livfull diskussion kring vilken lav det rörde sig om. Efter närmare undersökning visade det sig att det rörde sig om örtlav, Lobaria virens, från en ny och mycket oväntad lokal.
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| 49. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and character evolution in the Dacrymycetes, and systematics of Unilacrymaceae and Dacryonaemataceae fam. nov.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Persoonia. - : Naturalis Biodiversity Center. - 0031-5850 .- 1878-9080. ; 44, s. 161-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a multilocus phylogeny of the class Dacrymycetes, based on data from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1 alpha, 12S, and ATP6 DNA regions, with c. 90 species including the types of most currently accepted genera. A variety of methodological approaches was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Dacrymycetes, from a supermatrix strategy using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference on a concatenated dataset, to coalescence-based calculations, such as quartet-based summary methods of independent single-locus trees, and Bayesian integration of single-locus trees into a species tree under the multispecies coalescent. We evaluate for the first time the taxonomic usefulness of some cytological phenotypic characters, i.e., vacuolar contents (vacuolar bodies and lipid bodies), number of nuclei of recently discharged basidiospores, and pigments, with especial emphasis on carotenoids. These characters, along with several others traditionally used for the taxonomy of this group (basidium shape, presence and morphology of clamp connections, morphology of the terminal cells of cortical/marginal hyphae, presence and degree of ramification of the hyphidia), are mapped on the resulting phylogenies and their evolution through the class Dacrymycetes discussed. Our analyses reveal five lineages that putatively represent five different families, four of which are accepted and named. Three out of these four lineages correspond to previously circumscribed and published families (Cerinomycetaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, and Unilacrymaceae), and one is proposed as the new family Dacryonaemataceae. Provisionally, only a single order, Dacrymycetales, is accepted within the class. Furthermore, the systematics of the two smallest families, Dacryonaemataceae and Unilacrymaceae, are investigated to the species level, using coalescence-based species delimitation on multilocus DNA data, and a detailed morphological study including morphometric analyses of the basidiospores. Three species are accepted in Dacryonaema, the type, Da. rufum, the newly combined Da. macnabbii (basionym Dacrymyces macnabbii), and a new species named Da. macrosporum. Two species are accepted in Unilacryma, the new U. bispora, and the type, U. unispora, the latter treated in a broad sense pending improved sampling across the Holarctic.
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