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1.	Bones, behaviour and belief : The zooarchaeological evidence as a source for ritual practice in ancient Greece and beyond 2013 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract The importance of the osteological evidence as a source for ritual practices in ancient Greece is gradually becoming widely recognized. Animal bones form the only category of evidence for Greek cult which is constantly increasing, and they can complement and elucidate the information provided by texts, inscriptions and images. This volume brings together sixteen contributions exploring ritual practices and animal bones from different chronological and geographical perspectives, foremost ancient Greece in the historical period, but also in the Bronze Age and as early as the Neolithic period, as well as Anatolia, France and Scandinavia, providing new empirical evidence from a number of major sanctuaries and cult-places. On a methodological level, the complexity of identifying ritual activity from the osteological evidence is a recurrent theme, as is the prominence of local variation visible in the bone material, suggesting that the written sources and iconography may offer simplified or idealized versions of the rituals actually performed. Although osteology needs to and should be integrated with other kinds of sources, the independent study of the bones in an unbiased manner is of utmost importance, as the bones can provide a different “reality” than that encountered in our other sources.
2.	Carbon, Jan-Mathieu, et al. (författare) From snout to tail : Dividing animals and reconstructing ancient Greek sacrifice 2024 Ingår i: From snout to tail. - Stockholm : Svenska institutet i Athen. - 9789179160692 ; , s. 9-20 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Animal sacrifice fundamentally informed how the ancient Greeks defined themselves, their relation to the divine, and the structure of their society. Adopting an explicitly cross-disciplinary perspective, the present volume explores the practical execution and complex meaning of animal sacrifice within ancient Greek religion (c. 1000 BC–AD 200).The objective is twofold. First, to clarify in detail the use and meaning of body parts of the animal within sacrificial ritual. This involves a comprehensive study of ancient Greek terminology in texts and inscriptions, representations on pottery and reliefs, and animal bones found in sanctuaries. Second, to encourage the use and integration of the full spectrum of ancient evidence in the exploration of Greek sacrificial rituals, which is a prerequisite for understanding the complex use and meaning of Greek animal sacrifice.Twelve contributions by experts on the literary, epigraphical, iconographical, archaeological and zooarchaeological evidence for Greek animal sacrifice explore the treatment of legs, including feet and hoofs, tails, horns; heads, including tongues, brains, ears and snouts; internal organs; blood; as well as the handling of the entire body by burning it whole. Three further contributions address Hittite, Israelite and Etruscan animal sacrifice respectively, providing important contextualization for Greek ritual practices.
3.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) A note on minced meat in ancient Greece 2014 Ingår i: LABRYS. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 223-235 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
4.	Ekroth, Gunnel, Professor, 1963- (författare) A room of one's own? : Exploring the temenos concept as divine property 2024 Ingår i: The stuff of the gods. - Stockholm : Svenska institutet i Athen. - 9789179160685 ; , s. 69-82 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Greek gods had their allotted spaces where worship took place, designated temenos, "that which has been cut off", but even if such a plot was the property of the deity and circumscribed by particular rules, it was not exclusively frequented by the divine owner. Mortal visitors may have used a temenos just as intensively as a god did, but in a different manner, and humans were also the caretakers and administrators of the god’s property. This paper explores the temenos concept from the point of view of sanctuaries as set apart from gods but mainly used by men, and how immortal and mortal practices and manifestations were to be accommodated within this space. Two points will be addressed, the marking of boundaries for temene, and notions of purity and pollution when humans visited sanctuaries to worship the gods. It will be argued that a physical demarcation of the temenos was not a divine prerequisite and that the construction of a wall was a human responsibility depending on local cultic conditions. The caretaking of a temenos as divine property required particular rules at sacrifices, since human needs and desires were not always appropriate to the gods. Of particular interest are the handling of animals, the cooking and food consumption after sacrifices, the management of human waste as well as the impact of humans staying in temene.
5.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) A view from the Greek side : Interpretations of animal bones as evidence for sacrifice and ritual consumption 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Ancient Judaism. - : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co, KG. - 1869-3296 .- 2196-7954. ; 7:1, s. 35-50 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper addresses the animal bone material from ancient Qumran from the perspective of zooarchaeologial material recovered in ancient Greek cult contexts. The paper offers an overview of the importance of animal bones for the understanding of ancient Greek religion and sacrificial practices in particular, followed by an interpretation of the Qumran material taking its starting point in the bone material and the archaeological find contexts, including importance of the presence or absence of an altar at this site. The methodological implications of letting the written sources guide the interpretation of the archaeological material are explored and it is suggested that the Qumran bones are to be interpreted as remains of ritual meals following animal sacrifice while that the presence of also calcined bones supports the proposal that there was once an altar in area L130. Finally the similarities between Israelite and Greek sacrificial practices are touched upon, arguing for advantages of a continued and parallel study of these two sacrificial systems based on the zooarchaeological evidence.
6.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Altars 2010 Ingår i: Oxford Encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome. - New York : Oxford University Press. - 9780195170726 - 0195170725 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
7.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Animal sacrifice in antiquity 2014 Ingår i: <em>The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Animals</em>. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. ; , s. 324-354 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
8.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Aspects of ancient Greek cult. Context, ritual and iconography (Aarhus studies in Mediterranean Antiquity, ASMA, 8), eds. J. Tae Jensen et al. 2012 Ingår i: Opuscula. - Stockholm. - 2000-0898. ; 5, s. 190-192 Recension (refereegranskat)
9.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Bare bones : Zooarchaeology and Greek sacrificial ritual 2017 Ingår i: <em>Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world</em>. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 15-47 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
10.	Ekroth, Gunnel, Professor, 1963- (författare) Behind closed doors? Greek sacrificial rituals performed inside buildings in the Early Iron Age and the Archaic period : [Derrière des portes fermées ? Les rituels sacrificiels grecs perpétrés à l’intérieur d’édifices] 2021 Ingår i: Around the hearth. - Berlin; Boston : Walter de Gruyter. - 9783110738278 - 9783110733662 - 9783110733761 ; , s. 12-39 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Ancient Greek sacrifice can be viewed as an outdoor activity, centred on the burning on the altar of fat and bones from the sacrificial victim to create a rich, fragrant smoke, which the gods profited from by inhaling. Cakes and incense put in fire produced further pleasant smells. These actions call for the ritual taking place in the open, usually in front of the temple where most altars are located. However, altars and hearths are also found inside temples. The aim of this paper is to explore the indoor presence and use of such sacrificial installations, looking at archaeological and written evidence. What kinds of offerings were sacrificed inside temples and to what degree were they burnt? Installations for fire inside religious buildings have been the focus of discussion among scholars, in particular whether hearths in temples are to be seen as a legacy from the Early Iron Age or even Bronze Age, or as a practice corresponding to certain ritual needs in the historic period. Indoor hearths are also important for the interpretation of some early Greek buildings such as temples, hestiatoria or prytaneia. The practical implications of such installations are less well understood.
11.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Between bronze and clay : The origin of an Argive, Archaic votive shape 2013 Ingår i: Forgerons, élites et voyageurs d'Homère à nos jours. - Grenoble : Presses universitaires de Grenoble. ; , s. 63-77 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Blood on the altars? : On the treatment of blood at Greek sacrifices and the iconographical evidence 2005 Ingår i: Antike Kunst. ; 48, s. 9-29 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study discusses the handling and use of blood at Greek sacrifices as depicted in Greek vase-painting. Modern scholars have usually assumed that the blood from the animal victims was completely discarded by pouring it on or at the altar, since the blood belonged to the divine part of the sacrifice. However, a more comprehensive analysis of the literary and epigraphical evidence shows that it is more likely that the blood at regular thysia sacrifices was kept and eaten by the human worshippers. The analysis of the iconographical evidence can be taken to further support the suggestion that the blood at Greek animal sacrifices was usually collected, in order to be prepared as food, after a small quantity had been sprinkled on the altar. The main support for this proposal is how and when blood is shown or referred to on the vases, and when it is not. Blood pouring out of the victim is never part of the iconography of thysia but instead confined to representations of sacrifices, at which the blood had to be discarded, or set in a mythical context and with little or no correspondence to actual, practised rituals. The sphageion, the vessel used for collecting the blood, most frequently occurs in scenes showing the mageiros cutting up the meat, indicating the use of this vessel when preparing the blood for consumption. The bloodstains on the altar, finally, are not found on all altars and, when depicted, there are only a few stains on the vertical side of the altar, and the altars are never shown as covered with blood.
13.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Brauron 2016 Ingår i: <em>Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions</em>. - New York & London : Routledge. ; , s. 148- Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
14.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Castration, cult and agriculture : Perspectives on Greek animal sacrifice 2014 Ingår i: Opuscula. - Stockholm : Svenska instituten i Athen och Rom. - 2000-0898. ; 7, s. 153-174 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The castration of most male animals seems to have been the rule in ancient Greece when rearing cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs; only very few adult males are needed for breeding purposes and flocks of bulls, rams, billy-goats and boars are difficult to keep, since they are too aggressive. Castrated males yield more and fattier meat, and, in the case of sheep, more wool. Still, sacred laws and sacrificial calendars stipulate the sacrifice of uncastrated victims, and vase-paintings frequently represent bulls, rams and billy-goats in ritual contexts. This paper will discuss the role of uncastrated male animals in Greek cult in the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods, both from a religious and an agricultural perspective. Of particular interest are the relations between the practical, economic reality and the theological perception of sacrifice. These issues will be explored using epigraphical, literary, iconographical and zooarchaeological evidence.
15.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Citizens as drinkers? : A glimpse from the countryside of the Archaic Argolid 2023 Ingår i: Politeia and Koinônia. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004537194 - 9789004539914 ; , s. 46-64 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This paper explores the Argolid in the Archaic period, taking as its starting point a cult place in the Berbati valley, east of Mycenae, excavated by the Swedish Institute at Athens in 1994. The pottery assemblage dates from the early/mid-seventh century to the first quarter or half of the sixth century BCE, and shows that the worshippers would have consumed food prepared on the spot, but most of all liquids in the form of wine. The range of shapes, consisting of Argive kantharoi of different sizes, fewer and often more elaborate skyphoi, one-handled mugs and stemmed krateriskoi, as well as Corinthian kotylai, suggest groupings among the participants and drinkers of different status. When contextualised with epigraphical and archaeological evidence from Mycenae and Tiryns, the Berbati deposit offers a glimpse of the religious activity of the local community, and may also illuminate additional facets of what it meant to be a citizen in the Argolid in the Archaic period.
16.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Daimon 2016 Ingår i: <em>Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions</em>. - New York & London : Routledge. ; , s. 229- Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
17.	Ekroth, Gunnel, Professor, 1963- (författare) Den "oheliga" helgedomen? : Om mötet mellan gudar och människor i antik grekisk religion 2021 Ingår i: Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskaps-Samfundet i Uppsala, Årsbok. - Uppsala : Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskaps-Samfundet i Uppsala. - 0349-0416. ; 2019-2020, s. 5-28 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
18.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) "Don't throw any bones in the sanctuary!" : on the handlings of sacred waste at ancient Greek cult places 2017 Ingår i: Ritual matters. - Philadelphia : Michigan Publishing. - 9780472130573 - 9780472123308 ; , s. 33-55 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
19.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) E. Kearns, Ancient Greek religion. A sourcebook, Oxford 2009. : 2010 Ingår i: Classical Review. - 0009-840X .- 1464-3561. ; 61:1, s. 310-311 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
20.	Ekroth, Gunnel, Professor, 1963- (författare) École de Paris : Praising or Debasing an Approach to the Study of Greek Sacrifice 2020 Ingår i: Cahiers Mondes Anciens. - : OpenEdition. - 2107-0199. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The denomination "school" in academic contexts carries with it a certain ambiguity. It can evoke a stimulating and innovative environment with a positive synergy between its members, but also a self-sufficient and almost complacent academic setting mainly concerned with preserving its own worldview. From this starting point, my contribution will reflect on the impact of the Ecole de Paris within the field of Anglophone research on Greek religion and especially on animal sacrifice. Focus lies on how has the concept of a "Paris school" been handled within the study of Greek religion and what position it occupies among scholars working in this field. Four overlapping positions can be distinguished: (1) naming and using the Paris school as a theoretical approach, (2) critiques, which is also a form of interaction, (3) naming and referring in passing without an in depth engagement, and (4) studies on Greek sacrifice which do not use the term or comment on the Paris school.
21.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Forelegs in Greek cult 2013 Ingår i: Perspectives on ancient Greece. - Stockholm : Svenska institutet i Athen. ; , s. 113-134 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
22.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963-, et al. (författare) From snout to tail : Exploring the Greek sacrificial animal from the literary, epigraphical, iconographical, archaeological, and zooarchaeological evidence 2023 Bok (refereegranskat)abstract Animal sacrifice fundamentally informed how the ancient Greeks defined themselves, their relation to the divine, and the structure of their society. Adopting an explicitly cross-disciplinary perspective, the present volume explores the practical execution and complex meaning of animal sacrifice within ancient Greek religion (ca 1000 BC – AD 200).The objective is twofold. First, to clarify in detail the use and meaning of body parts of the animal within sacrificial ritual. This involves a comprehensive study of ancient Greek terminology in texts and inscriptions, representations on pottery and reliefs, and animal bones found in sanctuaries. Second, to encourage the use and integration of the full spectrum of ancient evidence in the exploration of Greek sacrificial rituals, which is a prerequisite for understanding the complex use and meaning of Greek animal sacrifice.Twelve contributions by experts on the literary, epigraphical, iconographical, archaeological and zooarchaeological evidence for Greek animal sacrifice explore the treatment of legs, including feet and hoofs, tails, horns; heads, including tongues, brains, ears and snouts; internal organs; blood; as well as the handling of the entire body by burning it whole. Three further contributions address Hittite, Israelite and Etruscan animal sacrifice respectively, providing important contextualization for Greek ritual practices.
23.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Grekiska inälvor 2009 Ingår i: Medusa. Svensk tidskrift för antiken. - 0349-456X. ; 30:1, s. 19-26 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
24.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Hades, Homer and the Hittites : The cultic-cultural context of Odysseus’ ‘round trip’ to the Underworld 2018 Ingår i: Round trip to Hades inthe Eastern Mediterranean tradition. - Leiden : Brill. - 9789004375963 ; , s. 37-56 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract "The possibility of visiting the realms of the dead and yet returning alive is an idea that has fascinated people throughout time and across cultures. The European tradition goes back to Greek and Roman antiquity, represented by such famous round trips to Hades as those undertaken by Odysseus and Aeneas, but it is clear that the Graeco-Roman tradition had older Mesopotamian antecedents."--
25.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Hero cult 2013 Ingår i: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 3173-3174 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Hero cult 2016 Ingår i: <em>Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions</em>. - New York & London : Routledge. ; , s. 416- Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
27.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Heroes : living or dead? 2015 Ingår i: Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199642038 ; , s. 383-396 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
28.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963-, et al. (författare) Heroes, ancestors or just any old bones? : Contextualizing the consecration of human remains from the Mycenaean shaft graves at Lerna in the Argolid 2016 Ingår i: Metaphysis. Ritual, myth and symbolism in the Aegean Bronze Age. - Leuven : Peeters Publishers. ; , s. 235-243, s. 235-243 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Holocaust 2013 Ingår i: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 3279-3280 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
30.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Holocaustic sacrifices in ancient Greek religion : Some comments on practice and theory 2017 Ingår i: Animal sacrifice in ancient Greece. - Warsawa : Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa. - 9788365886026 ; , s. 45-66 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Holocaustic sacrifices in ancient Greek religion and the ritual relations to the Levant 2018 Ingår i: Change, continuity, and connectivity. - Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag. - 3447109696 ; , s. 308-326 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
32.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Homeric echoes? : Archaizing language in Greek religious inscriptions 2014 Ingår i: <em>Öffentlichkeit-Monument-Text</em>. - Berlin : De Gruyter. - 9783110374964 ; , s. 619-621 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
33.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963-, et al. (författare) Introduction : Bones of contention? 2013 Ingår i: Bones, behaviour and belief. - Stockholm : Svenska institutet i Athen. - 9789179160623 ; , s. 9-13 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
34.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963-, et al. (författare) Introduction 2018 Ingår i: Round trip to Hades inthe Eastern Mediterranean tradition. - Leiden : Brill. - 9789004375963 ; , s. 1-10 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
35.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) K.-F. Leonhardt, Das Pelopion von Olympia – Zum Heroenkult in Griechenland (Antiquitates Band 70), Hamburg 2018 2018 Ingår i: Bonner Jahrbücher des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn und des Rheinischen Amtes für Bodendenkmalpflege im Landschaftsverband Rheinland und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande. - 0938-9334. ; 218, s. 369-372 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
36.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Libations, Greek 2013 Ingår i: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 4051-4052 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
37.	Ekroth, Gunnel, Professor, 1963- (författare) Maria A. Liston, Susan I. Rotroff and Lynn M. Snyder, The Agora bone well (Hesperia supplement 50), American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton (2018) 2020 Ingår i: Topoi. Orient-Occident. - 1161-9473 .- 2496-7114. ; 23:1, s. 323-327 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
38.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Maria-Zoe Petropoulou, Animal sacrifice in ancient Greek religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (Oxford Classical monographs), Oxford 2008 2009 Ingår i: Opuscula. - 2000-0898. ; 2, s. 221-224 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Meat for the gods 2011 Ingår i: Nourrir les dieux?. - Liège : Centre International d'Étude de la Religion Grecque Antique. - 9782960071795 ; , s. 15-41 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In Homer, the practice of giving the gods cooked meat is evidenced by Eumaios’ sacrifice in Odyssey XIV, while at this and other sacrifices pieces of raw meat from the animal victim were placed on top of the thighbones, which were then burnt in the altar fire as a part of the god’s portion, a procedure labelled omothetein. In the Classical period, gifts of meat for the gods are well attested in the epigraphical evidence, in the form of trapezomata or theoxenia, but also in literary sources and iconography. This paper will discuss when the practice of meat offerings came into being and how it develops, what the gods may have been thought of actually receiving on these occasions and why meat was given. It will be argued that the gifts of meat for the gods may have arisen from the honouring of kings and exceptional individuals with choice portions of meat, and that their growing importance in cult can be linked to the significance of banquets in Archaic society as a means for expressing status and hierarchies, perhaps under the influence of Near Eastern ritual practices. The gods were never perceived as craving or eating the meat and the central concept of meat offerings was the bestowing of honour, time. Still, by offering the gods something, which both could and was consumed by man, the meat offerings may have created possibilities for a different and closer interaction between mortals and immortals, in particular by evoking a context of xenia.
40.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Men vad håller kentauren i handen? : Avbildningar av och attityder till köttkonsumtion i antikens Grekland 2018 Ingår i: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens årsbok. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0083-6796. - 9789188763082 ; , s. 165-182 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
41.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Mytologiska matkrig : Ett ganska okänt rödfigurigt vasmotiv 2013 Ingår i: Institutionens historier. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 51-60 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
42.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Nora Brüggemann, Tiryns XVIII. Kult im archaischen Tiryns. Eine Analyse neuer Befunde und Funde, Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden 2015 2018 Ingår i: Gnomon. Kritische Zeitschrift für die gesamte klassische Altertumswissenschaft. - 0017-1417. ; 90, s. 539-545 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
43.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Pelops joins the party : Transformations of a hero-cult within the festival at Olympia 2012 Ingår i: <em>Greek and Roman festivals</em>. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. ; , s. 95-137 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
44.	Ekroth, Gunnel, Professor, 1963- (författare) Rings, pits, bone and ash : Greek altars in context 2022 Ingår i: Acta Archaeologica. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 0065-101X .- 1600-0390. ; 93:1, s. 161-177 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Greek altars have received ample attention in scholarship as to their appearance, construction, and location within a sanctuary, as well as their importance as the central feature for the rituals allowing communication with the gods. The immediate surroundings of altars have not been considered to the same degree. This paper explores the context of Greek altars and some of the features located here, for example, rings for fastening animals, stone-lined pits, and remains of previous sacrifices. Of particular interest is the use of the top of the altar for ritual purposes in relation to the space surrounding the altar. A study of the wider contexts of altars, as to their use and the material remains found here, may provide a better understanding of the complex ritual reality of the ancient Greeks.
45.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Sacred meals in ancient Greece? : Dining in domestic settings as compared to sanctuaries 2017 Ingår i: The Eucharist - its origins and context.. - : Mohr Siebeck. ; , s. 1389-1411 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
46.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Sandrine Hubert, Eretria XIV. Fouilles et recherches. L'Aire sacrificielle au nord du sanctuaire d'Apollon Daphnéphoros. Un rituel des époques géométrique et archaïque, Gollion 2003. 2010 Ingår i: Gnomon. Kritische Zeitschrift für die gesamte klassische Altertumswissenschaft. - 0017-1417. ; 82:7, s. 633-639 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
47.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) Sarah Hitch King of sacrifice. Ritual and royal authority in the Iliad : Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University Press, 2009. Pp. ix, 235. ISBN 9780674025929 2011 Ingår i: Bryn Mawr Classical Review. - 1055-7660 .- 1063-2948. ; 04:48 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
48.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) The crocodile on Samos or Africa in the Aegean 2018 Ingår i: The resilience of heritage. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 9789150626759 ; , s. 61-68 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
49.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) The cult of heroes 2009 Ingår i: Heroes. - Baltimore : The Walters Art Museum. - 9780300154726 ; , s. 120-143 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
50.	Ekroth, Gunnel, 1963- (författare) The sacrificial rituals of Greek hero-cults in the Archaic to the early Hellenistic periods 1999 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This study questions the traditional view of sacrifices in hero-cults during the Archaic to the early Hellenistic periods (c. 700-300 BC) as consisting mainly in holocausts, rituals focusing on the blood of the animal victim and the presentation of meals, and rarely in thysia sacrifices followed by collective dining.The work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the terms eschara, escharon, bothros, enagizein, enagisma, enagismos and enagisterion, which have been considered as being characteristic for hero-cults and marking them as distinct from the cult of the gods and linked to the cult of the dead. The study of the use and meaning of these terms shows that a connection with heroes can rarely be established before the Roman period and mainly so in the Byzantine lexicographers and in the scholia, the information of which has generally been considered as valid also for earlier periods.The second part is an analysis of the epigraphical and literary evidence for sacrifices to heroes based exclusively on sources from the Archaic to the early Hellenistic periods. Contrary to the traditional notion, the main ritual in hero-cults during this period was a sacrifice in which the worshippers consumed the meat from the animal victim. The thysia could be modified by the offering of prepared meals (theoxenia), a ritual that also existed separately from thysia. A particular handling of the animal’s blood at a thysia or a holocaust, at which the whole victim was destroyed, can rarely be documented and these two kinds of rituals must be considered as marginal features in hero-cults.In the third part, the ritual pattern of hero-cults is compared with the use of similar rituals both in the cult of the gods and in the cult of the dead in order to define the place and function of hero-cults within a wider context. Since the main kind of sacrifice in hero-cults was a thysia, a ritual that was intimately connected with the social structure of society, the heroes must have fulfilled the same role as the gods within the Greek religious system. The rituals considered as linking the heroes with the dead (holocausts, blood rituals and offerings of meals) can be found also in the cult of the gods or belong to the category heilige Handlungen (rituals performed as a response to a particular situation and not having any divine recipient). When used in hero-cults, holocausts and blood rituals can often be connected with a particular purpose of the sacrifice on that occasion or a desire to recognize in ritual a certain side of the character of the hero receiving the sacrifice. The fact that the heroes were dead seems to have been of little significance for the sacrificial rituals and it is questionable whether the rituals of hero-cults are to be considered as originating in the cult of the dead.

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