| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Å U J, et al.
(författare)
-
Repetitive non-thermal melting as a timing monitor for femtosecond pump/probe X-ray experiments
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Structural Dynamics. - : AIP Publishing. - 2329-7778. ; 7:5, s. 054303-054303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved optical pump/X-ray probe experiments are often used to study structural dynamics. To ensure high temporal resolution, it is necessary to monitor the timing between the X-ray pulses and the laser pulses. The transition from a crystalline solid material to a disordered state in a non-thermal melting process can be used as a reliable timing monitor. We have performed a study of the non-thermal melting of InSb in single-shot mode, where we varied the sample temperature in order to determine the conditions required for repetitive melting. We show how experimental conditions affect the feasibility of such a timing tool.
|
|
| 2. |
- Edbladh, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Insulin and IGF-II, but not IGF-I, stimulate the in vitro regeneration of adult frog sciatic sensory axons
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993. ; 641:1, s. 76-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used the in vitro regenerating frog sciatic nerve to look for effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, IGF-II) on regeneration of sensory axons and on injury induced support cell proliferation in the outgrowth region. In nerves cultured for 11 days, a physiological dose (10 ng/ml, ≈ nM) of insulin or IGF-II increased ganglionic protein synthesis (by 20% and 50%, respectively) as well as the level of newly formed, radiolabelled axonal material distal to a crush injury (both by 80%), compared to untreated, paired controls. In addition, insulin increased the outgrowth distance of the furthest regenerating sensory axons by 10%. The preparation was particularly sensitive to insulin during the first 5 days of culturing. Furthermore, both insulin and IGF-II were found to inhibit proliferation of support cells in the outgrowth region in a manner suggesting effects via their individual receptors. The inhibition, about 30%, was observable after 4 but not 11 days in culture. It is not clear if this reflects a stimulated differentiation of some cells. By contrast, IGF-I lacked effects on both regeneration and proliferation. In conclusion, the results suggest that insulin and IGF-II are involved in the regulation of peripheral nerve regeneration.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ekström, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period in Göteborg
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 27:3, s. 181-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A two-tiered ambulance system with a mobile coronary care unit and standard ambulance has operated in Gothenburg (population 434 000) since 1980. Mass education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) commenced in 1985 and in 1988 semiautomatic defibrillators were introduced. Aim: To describe early and late survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period. Target population: All patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in Gothenburg reached by mobile coronary care unit or standard ambulance between 1980 and 1992. Results: The number of patients with cardiac arrest remained fairly steady over time. Among patients with witnessed ventricular fibrillation, the time to defibrillation decreased over time. The proportion of patients in whom bystander initiated CPR was increased only moderately over time. The proportion of patients given medication such as lignocaine and adrenaline successively increased. The number of patients with cardiac arrest who were discharged from hospital per year remained steady between 1981 and 1990 (20 per year), but increased during 1991 and 1992 to 41 and 31 respectively. Conclusions: Improvements in the emergency medical service in Gothenburg over a 12-year period have lead to: (1) a shortened delay time between cardiac arrest and first defibrillation and (2) an improved survival of patients with cardiac arrest outside hospital probably explained by this shortened delay time.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ekström, Å., et al.
(författare)
-
Planned cesarean section versus planned vaginal delivery : Comparison of lower urinary tract symptoms
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Urogynecology Journal. - : Springer London. - 0937-3462 .- 1433-3023. ; 19:4, s. 459-465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared the prevalence and risk of lower urinary tract symptoms in healthy primiparous women in relation to vaginal birth or elective cesarean section 9 months after delivery. We performed a prospective controlled cohort study including 220 women delivered by elective cesarean section and 215 by vaginal birth. All subjects received an identical questionnaire on lower urinary tract symptoms in late pregnancy, at 3 and 9 months postpartum. Two hundred twenty subjects underwent elective cesarean section, and 215 subjects underwent vaginal delivery. After childbirth, the 3-month questionnaire was completed by 389/435 subjects (89%) and the 9-month questionnaire by 376/435 subjects (86%). In the vaginal delivery cohort, all lower urinary tract symptoms increased significantly at 9 months follow-up. When compared to cesarean section, the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal delivery was significantly increased both at 3 (p < 0.001) and 9 months (p = 0.001) follow-up. In a multivariable risk model, vaginal delivery was the only obstetrical predictor for SUI [relative risk (RR) 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9 - 42] and for urinary urgency (RR 7.3 95% CI 1.7 - 32) at 9 months follow-up. A history of SUI before pregnancy (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.5 - 19) and at 3 months follow-up (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.7 - 8.5) were independent predictors for SUI at 9 months follow-up. Vaginal delivery is associated with an increased risk for lower urinary tract symptoms 9 months after childbirth when compared to elective cesarean section. © International Urogynecology Journal 2007.
|
|
| 5. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Adrenaline in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Does it make any difference?
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 29:3, s. 195-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A large proportion of cardiac arrests outside hospital are caused by ventricular fibrillation. Although it is frequently used, the exact role of treatment with adrenaline in these patients remains to be determined. AIM: To describe the proportion of patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation who survived and were discharged from hospital in relation to whether they were treated with adrenaline prior to hospital admission. PATIENTS AND TREATMENT: All the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation in Göteborg between 1981 and 1992 in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated by our emergency medical service (EMS). During the observation period, some of the EMS staff were authorized to give medication and some were not. RESULTS: In all, 1360 patients were found in ventricular fibrillation and detailed information was available in 1203 cases (88%). Adrenaline was given in 417 cases (35%). Among patients with sustained ventricular fibrillation, those who received adrenaline experienced the return of spontaneous circulation more frequently (P < 0.001) and were hospitalized alive more frequently (P < 0.01). However, the rate of discharge from hospital did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Among patients who converted to asystole or electromechanical dissociation, those who received adrenaline experienced the return of spontaneous circulation more frequently (P < 0.001) and were hospitalised alive more frequently (P < 0.001). However, the rate of discharge from hospital did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of 2 treatment regimens during a 12-year survey, we explored the usefulness of adrenaline in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Both patients with sustained ventricular fibrillation and those who converted to asystole or electromechanical dissociation had an initially more favourable outcome if treated with adrenaline. However, the final outcome was not significantly affected. This study does not confirm the hypothesis that adrenaline increases survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who are found in ventricular fibrillation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Continuation of CPR on admission to Emergency Department after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Occurence, characteristics and outcome
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 33:3, s. 223-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the occurrence, characteristics and outcome among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who required continuation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on admission to the emergency department. PATIENTS: all patients in the municipality of Göteborg who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, were reached by the emergency medical service (EMS) system and in whom CPR was initiated. Period for inclusion in study: 1 Oct. 1980-31 Dec. 1992. RESULTS: of 334 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, 2,319 (68%) were receiving on-going CPR at the time of admission to hospital. Of these, 137 patients (6%) were hospitalized alive and 28 (1.2%) could be discharged from hospital. Of these patients, 39% had a cerebral performance categories (CPC) score of 1 (no cerebral deficiency), 18% had a CPC score of 2 (moderate cerebral deficiency), 36% had a CPC score of 3 (severe cerebral deficiency) and 7% had a CPC score of 4 (coma) at discharge. Among patients discharged. 76% were alive after 1 year. CONCLUSION: among consecutive patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, CPR was ongoing in 68% of them on admission to hospital. Among these patients, 6% were hospitalized alive and 1.2% were discharged from hospital. Thus, among patients with ongoing CPR on admission to hospital, survivors can be found but they are few in numbers and extensive cerebral damage is frequently present.
|
|
| 7. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation on ventricular fibrillation and survival after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital
- 1994
-
Ingår i: British Heart Journal. - : BMJ Group. - 0007-0769. ; 72:5, s. 408-412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE--To describe the proportion of patients who were discharged from hospital after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital in relation to whether a bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PATIENTS--All patients with witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital before arrival of the ambulance and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted by the emergency medical service in Gothenburg during 1980-92. RESULTS--Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated by a bystander in 18% (303) of 1,660 cases. In this group 69% had ventricular fibrillation at first recording compared with 51% in the remaining patients (P < 0.001). Among patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated by a bystander 25% were discharged alive versus 8% of the remaining patients (P < 0.001). Independent predictors of survival were in order of significance: initial arrhythmia (P < 0.001), interval between collapse and arrival of first ambulance (P < 0.001), cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiated by a bystander (P < 0.001), and age (P < 0.01). Among patients who were admitted to hospital alive 30% of patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated by a bystander compared with 58% of remaining patients (P < 0.001) had brain damage and died in hospital. Corresponding figures for death in association with myocardial damage were 18% and 29% respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS--Cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiated by a bystander maintains ventricular fibrillation and triples the chance of surviving a cardiac arrest outside hospital. Furthermore, it seems to protect against death in association with brain damage as well as with myocardial damage.
|
|
| 8. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Lidocaine in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Does it improve the survival?
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 33:3, s. 199-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A large proportion of cardiac arrests outside hospital are caused by ventricular fibrillation. Although it is frequently used, the exact role for treatment with lidocaine in these patients remains to be determined. AIM: To describe the proportion of patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation who survived and were discharged from hospital in relation to whether they were treated with lidocaine prior to hospital admission. Patients and treatment: All the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation in Göteborg between 1980 and 1992 in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated by our emergency medical service (EMS). During the observation period, some of the EMS staff were authorized to give medication and some were not. RESULTS: In all, 1,360 patients were found in ventricular fibrillation, with detailed information being available in 1,212 cases (89%). Lidocaine was given in 405 of these cases (33%). Among patients with sustained ventricular fibrillation, those who received lidocaine had a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) more frequently (P < 0.001) and were hospitalized alive more frequently (38% vs. 18%, P < 0.01). However, the rate of discharge from hospital did not significantly differ between the two groups. Among patients who were converted to a pulse-generating rhythm, those who received lidocaine on that indication were more frequently alive than those who did not receive such treatment (94% vs. 84%; P < 0.05). However, the rate of discharge did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In a retrospective analysis comparing patients who received lidocaine with those who did not in sustained ventricular fibrillation and after conversion to a pulse-generating rhythm, such treatment was associated with a higher rate at ROSC and hospitalization but was not associated with an increased rate of discharge from hospital.
|
|
| 9. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of early and late survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest in which asystole was the first recorded arrhythmia on scene
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 28:1, s. 27-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A large proportion of patients who suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have asystole as the initial recorded arrhythmia. Since they have a poor prognosis, less attention has been paid to this group of patients. Aim: To describe a consecutive population of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with asystole as the first recorded arrhythmia and to try to define indicators for an increased chance of survival in this population. Setting: The community of Gothenburg. Patients: All patients who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 1981 to 1992 and were reached by our emergency medical service (EMS) system and where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted. Results: In all there were 3434 cardiac arrests of which 1222 (35%) showed asystole as the first recorded arrhythmia. They differed from patients with ventricular fibrillation by being younger, including more women and having a longer interval between collapse and arrival of the first ambulance. In all 90 patients (7%) were hospitalized alive and 20 (2%) could be discharged from hospital. Independent predictors for an increased chance of survival were: (a) a short interval between the collapse and arrival of the first ambulance (P < 0.001) and the time the collapse occurred (P < 0.05). Initial treatment given in some cases with adrenaline, atropine and tribonate were not associated with an increased survival. Conclusions: Of all the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 35% were found in asystole. Of these, 7% were hospitalized alive and 2% could be discharged from hospital. Efforts should be made to improve still further the interval between collapse and arrival of the first ambulance.
|
|
| 10. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognosis among patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest judged as being caused by deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 32:3, s. 177-184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe the prognosis of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest judged to be caused by the deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients: All patients in the community of Göteborg Sweden who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1980 and 1992 attended by our emergency medical service and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. Methods: The etiology of cardiac arrest was determined according to clinical history, observations at resuscitation and findings at autopsy. Results: There were 3434 cardiac arrests of which 130 (4%) were judged to have been caused by deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease. Of these patients 50% were found in asystole, 40% in pulseless electrical activity, and only 7% in ventricular fibrillation. Among patients with cardiac arrest caused by obstructive pulmonary disease 21 (16%) were hospitalized alive and six (5%) were discharged from hospital. Among patients who developed cardiac arrest after arrival of the ambulance, 16% were discharged from hospital versus 0% among patients who had arrest prior to arrival of the ambulance. Conclusion: Among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease, half were found in asystole. Overall, the survival rate was low. This highlights the importance of effective treatment early in the course of deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease in order to avoid cardiac arrest.
|
|
| 11. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognosis among survivors of prehospital cardiac arrest
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Annals of Emergency Medicine. - : Mosby, Inc.. - 0196-0644 .- 1097-6760. ; 25:1, s. 58-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the prognosis in consecutive patients discharged from hospital after prehospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: All patients in the community of Göteborg who were discharged from hospital after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1981 and 1991. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-three patients were discharged from hospital during the observation period, of whom 80% initially experienced ventricular fibrillation. Among patients discharged, 21% died during the first year; after 10 years, 82% had died. Age, sex, previous history of cardiovascular disease, circumstances at the time of cardiac arrest, complications during hospitalization, and discharge medications were assessed as predictors of 1-year mortality. Independent predictors of death during follow-up were history of myocardial infarction (P < .001), no prescription of beta-blockers at discharge (P < .01), age (P < .05), and cerebral performance category (CPC) at discharge (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Among patients who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, one of five died during the first year and one of five survived 10 years after discharge. Prognosis was associated with a history of myocardial infarction, prescription of beta-blockers at discharge, age, and CPC at discharge.
|
|
| 12. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk indicators for, and symptoms associated with, death among patients hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 5:5, s. 407-414
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An increasing proportion of patients who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are initially successfully resuscitated and thus hospitalized. AIMS: To define risk indicators for, and to describe the mode of, in-hospital death among patients hospitalized after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. PATIENTS: All patients hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1980 and 1992. RESULTS: A total of 707 out of 3434 patients were hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, of whom 278 (39%) were discharged alive. Independent risk indicators for in-hospital death were: type of initial arrhythmia on the scene, age, interval between cardiac arrest and arrival of first ambulance, bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and history of diabetes mellitus. Of the patients who died in hospital, 88% had brain damage and 43% myocardial damage. CONCLUSION: Risk indicators for hospital death can be defined. The majority of in-hospital deaths were associated with brain damage.
|
|
| 13. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Survival among patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest found in electromechanical dissociation
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 29:2, s. 97-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many patients who suffer an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are found in electromechanical dissociation at the time the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) arrives. Since they have a poor prognosis, less attention has been paid to them. AIM: To describe a consecutive population of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in electromechanical dissociation and to try to define indicators for an increased chance of survival in this patient population. SETTING: The municipality of Göteborg. PATIENTS: All the patients who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1981-1992 and were reached by our EMS system and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted. RESULTS: In all, there were 3434 patients with cardiac arrest of whom 748 (22%) were found in electromechanical dissociation. They differed from patients found in ventricular fibrillation as there were more women, a higher frequency of cardiac arrest during the night, a lower frequency of witnessed cardiac arrest and consequently a lower frequency of bystander-initiated CPR. In all, 96 patients (13%) were hospitalized alive and only 16(2%) could be discharged from hospital. In a multivariate analysis relating to age, sex, time of cardiac arrest, interval between collapse and the arrival of the first ambulance, bystander-initiated CPR and treatment with adrenaline, atropine and tribonate, no independent predictor of survival was found. CONCLUSION: Of all the patients with out-of hospital cardiac arrest in whom CPR was attempted by our EMS, 22% were found in electromechanical dissociation. Of these, 13% were hospitalized alive and 2% could be discharged from the hospital. No independent predictor of an increased chance of survival was found.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- P., Fischer, et al.
(författare)
-
Benefits on New Voltage Source Converter HVDC Configurations for City Infeed
- 2002
-
Ingår i: European Power and Energy Systems.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today most of the city centers infeed use HVAC transmission systems bringing large quantities of power to load centers. Many of theses systems are operating close to the designed short circuit capacity and have low network stability. In addition, there is an increase in environmental concern when overhead lines are used. The VSC (Voltage Source Converters) HVDC Cable Transmission system may become an interesting option for these cases. The aim of the paper is to describe possible VSC HVDC configurations that can be used for city center infeed. In the paper some of these are applied to real cases in Stockholm, Göteborg and São Paulo.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Wang, Xiaocui, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of Thermal Equilibrium Dynamics in Atomic Motion during Nonthermal Laser-Induced Melting
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 124:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study shows that initial atomic velocities as given by thermodynamics play an important role in the dynamics of phase transitions. We tracked the atomic motion during nonthermal laser-induced melting of InSb at different initial temperatures. The ultrafast atomic motion following bond breaking can in general be governed by two mechanisms: the random velocity of each atom at the time of bond breaking (inertial model), and the forces acting on the atoms after bond breaking. The melting dynamics was found to follow the inertial model over a wide temperature range.
|
|
