| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Munch Roager, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: A randomised cross-over trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 68:1, s. 83-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective T o investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality. Design 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of =6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed. Results 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. Conclusion C ompared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic lowgrade inflammation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic parameters in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ECS Transactions. - : Electrochemical Society Inc.. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. - 9781607685395 ; , s. 649-659
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding limitations in an operating AEMFC is essential to .enhance the technology. Here the electrode processes are studied experimentally as well as by two physics-based models taking the porosity of the electrodes into account. The aim is to use the models to determine kinetic parameters specific for in-situ operation. The models can also be used to explain the experimental .behavior. From the impedance model of a symmetric H2/H2 cell it is shown that the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) proceeds through the Tafel-Volmer reaction pathway, with the hydrogen adsorption as the slower reaction step. Based on the HOR model a •steady-state model of an O2/H2 cell is used to evaluate data from 14 experimental I-V curves, obtained for different gas partial pressures and catalyst loadings, in order to study the effects of the oxygen reduction reaction and overall cell limitations. The results show that the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics limit the cell performance for low current densities. However, at higher currents the uneven current distribution and locally low hydrogen adsorption at the anode increasingly affect the overall performance. Uneven current distribution is also observed at the cathode and likely caused by insufficient effective ionomer conductivity.
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| 5. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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The Hydrogen Electrode Reaction in the Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrogen electrode in the anion-exchange membrane fuel cell needs further attention to understand the overall cell limitations. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanodynamic measurements in combination with a physics-based model are used to determine the kinetic parameters of the hydrogen oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction on Pt/C porous gas-diffusion electrodes in an AEMFC. Two semicircles are observed in the Nyquist plot of a symmetrical AEM hydrogen cell, indicating a two-step reaction pathway. The fit of the model shows that the Tafel-Volmer pathway describes the kinetics better than the Heyrovsky-Volmer pathway. The reaction rates of the adsorption and charge transfer steps are similar in magnitude implying that both need consideration during modeling and evaluation of the hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, the performance is limited also by the ionic conductivity in the electrode. Comparison of the impedance of the HOR and a hydrogen/oxygen AEMFC indicates that the low-frequency semicircle is mainly associated with the oxygen reduction reaction and the cathode, while the high-frequency semicircle is likely related to a combination of the anode and the cathode. Based on this work, a platform for further studies of losses and total impedance of operating AEMFC has been created.
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| 6. |
- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a sulfophenylated polysulfone membrane in a fuel cell at 60 to 110 °C
- 2007
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738. ; 178:13-14, s. 959-966
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel sulfophenylated polysulfone membrane material has been evaluated in a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell using Nafion-impregnated commercial electrodes. Comparative measurements were performed with Nafion membranes to distinguish between different sources of potential losses. The operational temperatures in the experiments ranged from 60 to 110 °C, and the effect of different humidifying conditions was investigated. Membranes that were operated over 300 h under fully humidified conditions showed a slight increase in the cell resistance. At lower humidification levels the cell resistance increased significantly. No difference in the membrane composition between active areas and areas not subjected to ionic currents could be detected by ATR-IR or Raman spectroscopy after fuel cell testing. The best fuel cell performance for these membranes was found at 90 °C and 100 °C. The current density at a cell voltage of 0.5 V ranged between 100 and 200 mA cm− 2 depending on the operating conditions. The relatively low current densities found when using the new membrane material are explained by high ionic contact resistances between the electrodes and the membrane.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying water transport in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 44:10, s. 4930-4939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sufficient water transport through the membrane is necessary for a well-performing anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). In this study, the water flux through a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), using a Tokuyama A201 membrane, is quantified using humidity sensors at the in- and outlet on both sides of the MEA. Experiments performed in humidified inert gas at both sides of the MEA or with liquid water at one side shows that the aggregation state of water has a large impact on the transport properties. The water fluxes are shown to be approximately three times larger for a membrane in contact with liquid water compared to vaporous. Further, the flux during fuel cell operation is investigated and shows that the transport rate of water in the membrane is affected by an applied current. The water vapor content increases on both the anode and cathode side of the AEMFC for all investigated current densities. Through modeling, an apparent water drag coefficient is determined to −0.64, indicating that the current-induced transport of water occurs in the opposite direction to the transport of hydroxide ions. These results implicate that flooding, on one or both electrodes, is a larger concern than dry-out in an AEMFC.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Grimler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Kinetic Parameters for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum in an AEMFC
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:12, s. 124501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To promote the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), an understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in porous gas diffusion electrodes is essential. In this work, experimental polarisation curves for electrodes with different platinum catalyst loadings and oxygen partial pressures at the cathode are fitted to a physics-based porous electrode model in the voltage range from open circuit voltage (OCV) to 0.7 V. Polarisation curves measured with different anode catalyst loadings, and hydrogen partial pressures, were used to verify the model. The reactions are described using a two-step Tafel-Volmer pathway at the anode and concentration-dependent Butler-Volmer kinetics at the cathode. A good fit to experimental data in the kinetic region is obtained with an exchange current density of 1.0.10(-8)Acm(-2), a first order dependency on oxygen partial pressure, and a charge transfer coefficient of 0.8 for the ORR. For lower oxygen partial pressure, hydrogen crossover is needed to explain the downward shift of the polarisation curves in the kinetic region. In the experimental data, the polarisation curves show an apparent limiting current density at lower hydrogen partial pressures, explained by the lower rate of the Tafel step at these conditions.
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| 10. |
- Grimler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling electrode and membrane processes in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell
- 2017
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Ingår i: EFC 2017 - Proceedings of the 7th European Fuel Cell Piero Lunghi Conference. - : ENEA. ; , s. 127-128
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand which processes that limits the performance in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), a physical performance model has been developed. The model considers a tertiary current distribution and is validated against experimental results. The results show that both the anode and the cathode contributes to significant polarisation in the system.
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| 11. |
- Grimler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Water diffusion, drag and absorption in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water is a key factor in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells, since it is botha product, reactant, and humidifies the membrane and ionomer phase. Toenable anion-exchange membrane fuel cells, knowledge about the water trans-port properties is needed, so that operating conditions can be optimised toprevent cathode dry-out or anode flooding. In this work, the water trans-port across an AemionTM membrane is quantified for different applied waterpartial pressure differences and current densities, with the help of humiditysensors. Two membrane thicknesses, 25 and 50 μm, are studied, as well astwo gas diffusion layers of different hydrophobicity: Sigracet 25BC which hasbeen PTFE treated to make it more hydrophobic, and Freudenberg H23C2which has not been PTFE treated, and is hence more hydrophilic. The re-sults show that having a hydrophilic GDL on the cathode and a hydrophobicGDL on the anode gives both the highest electrochemical performance, andthe highest water transport, while a hydrophilic GDL on both sides give thelowest electrochemical performance and the lowest water transport. A wa-ter transport model considering absorption/desorption resistance, electroos-motic drag and diffusion was deployed. The best fit was obtained with adrag coefficient close to two and 30 % increased absorption/desorption ratefor a hydrophobic GDL compared to a hydrophilic one.
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| 12. |
- Hansen, Lea B.S., et al.
(författare)
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A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, The Author(s). Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.
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| 13. |
- Lundgren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Management of Large-Format Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery in PHEV Application
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 163:2, s. A309-A317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal effects are linked to all main barriers to the widespread commercialization of lithium-ion battery powered vehicles. This paper presents a coupled 2D electrochemical - 3D thermal model of a large-format prismatic lithium-ion battery, including a thermal management system with a heat sink connected to the surface opposite the terminals, undergoing the dynamic current behavior of a plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicle using a load cycle with a maximum current of 8 C, validated using potential and temperature data. The model fits the data well, with small deviations at the most demanding parts of the cycle. The maximum temperature increase and temperature difference of the jellyroll is found to be 9.7 degrees C and 3.6 degrees C, respectively. The electrolyte is found to limit the performance during the high-current pulses, as the concentration reaches extreme values, leading to a very uneven current distribution. Two other thermal management strategies, short side and long side surfaces cooling, are evaluated but are found to have only minor effects on the temperature of the jellyroll, with maximum jellyroll temperatures increases of 9.4 degrees C and 8.1 degrees C, respectively, and maximum temperature differences of 3.7 degrees C and 5.0 degrees C, respectively.
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| 14. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Smedby, Karin Ekström, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by subtype
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 98:1, s. 51-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Some autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders are associated with increased risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Because different NHL subtypes develop at different stages of lymphocyte differentiation, associations of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders with specific NHL subtypes could lead to a better understanding of lymphomagenic mechanisms. METHODS: In a population-based case-control study in Denmark and Sweden, 3055 NHL patients and 3187 matched control subjects were asked about their history of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, markers of severity, and treatment. Logistic regression with adjustment for study matching factors was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NHL overall and for NHL subtypes. RESULTS: Risks of all NHL were increased in association with rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.9), primary Sjögren syndrome (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 1.4 to 27), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.0 to 22), and celiac disease (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 4.8). All of these conditions were also associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and some were associated with marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic, or T-cell lymphoma. Ever use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic corticosteroids, and selected immunosuppressants was associated with risk of NHL in rheumatoid arthritis patients but not in subjects without rheumatoid arthritis. Also, multivariable adjustment for treatment had little impact on risk estimates. Psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory bowel disorders were not associated with increased risk of NHL overall or of any NHL subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the associations between certain autoimmune disorders and risk of NHL and suggest that the associations may not be general but rather mediated through specific NHL subtypes. These NHL subtypes develop during postantigen exposure stages of lymphocyte differentiation, consistent with a role of antigenic drive in autoimmunity-related lymphomagenesis.
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| 17. |
- Adeloye, Davies, et al.
(författare)
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Research priorities to address the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the next decade
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Global Health. - : International Global Health Society. - 2047-2986 .- 2047-2978. ; 11, s. 15003-15003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased markedly in recent decades. Given the scarcity of resources available to address global health challenges and respiratory medicine being relatively under-invested in, it is important to define research priorities for COPD globally. In this paper, we aim to identify a ranked set of COPD research priorities that need to be addressed in the next 10 years to substantially reduce the global impact of COPD. Methods: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology to identify global COPD research priorities. Results: 62 experts contributed 230 research ideas, which were scored by 34 researchers according to six pre-defined criteria: answerability, effectiveness, feasibility, deliverability, burden reduction, and equity. The top-ranked research priority was the need for new effective strategies to support smoking cessation. Of the top 20 overall research priorities, six were focused on feasible and cost-effective pulmonary rehabilitation delivery and access, particularly in primary/community care and low-resource settings. Three of the top 10 overall priorities called for research on improved screening and accurate diagnostic methods for COPD in low-resource primary care settings. Further ideas that drew support involved a better understanding of risk factors for COPD, development of effective training programmes for health workers and physicians in low resource settings, and evaluation of novel interventions to encourage physical activity. Conclusions: The experts agreed that the most pressing feasible research questions to address in the next decade for COPD reduction were on prevention, diagnosis and rehabilitation of COPD, especially in low resource settings. The largest gains should be expected in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings, as the large majority of COPD deaths occur in those settings. Research priorities identified by this systematic international process should inform and motivate policymakers, funders, and researchers to support and conduct research to reduce the global burden of COPD.
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| 18. |
- Ahlford, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Uppsala Underdogs - A Robot Soccer Project
- 2006
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the four-legged soccer team Uppsala Underdogs developed by a group of 4th year computer science students at Uppsala University during the fall of 2004. The project is based on the experience from two similar previous projects. This year the emphasis of the project has been on distribution of data and on support for evaluation and reconfiguration of strategies. To support data distribution, a middleware has been developed, which implements a replication algorithm and provides a clean interface for the other software modules (or behaviors). To enable easy reconfiguration of strategies, an automata-based graphical description language has been developed, which can be compiled into code that uses the database and the lower level modules, such as tactics and positioning, to make decisions and control the robot. In addition, a graphical simulator has been developed in which the strategies can be evaluated.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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p Parametrization of physics-based battery models from input-output data : A review of methodology and current research
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 521, s. 230859-
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physics-based battery models are important tools in battery research, development, and control. To obtain useful information from the models, accurate parametrization is essential. A complex model structure and many unknown and hard-to-measure parameters make parametrization challenging. Furthermore, numerous applications require non-invasive parametrization relying on parameter estimation from measurements of current and voltage. Parametrization of physics-based battery models from input-output data is a growing research area with many recent publications. This paper aims to bridge the gap between researchers from different fields that work with battery model parametrization, since successful parametrization requires both knowledge of the underlying physical system as well as understanding of theory and concepts behind parameter estimation. The review encompasses sensitivity analyses, methods for parameter optimization, structural and practical identifiability analyses, design of experiments and methods for validation as well as the use of machine learning in parametrization. We highlight that not all model parameters can accurately be identified nor are all relevant for model performance. Nonetheless, no consensus on parameter importance could be shown. Local methods are commonly chosen because of their computational advantages. However, we find that the implications of local methods for analysis of non-linear models are often not sufficiently considered in reviewed literature.
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| 20. |
- Bashkanov, M., et al.
(författare)
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Double-Pionic Fusion of Nuclear Systems and the "ABC" Effect : Approaching a Puzzle by Exclusive and Kinematically Complete Measurements
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:5, s. 052301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ABC effect-a puzzling low-mass enhancement in the pi pi invariant mass spectrum, first observed by Abashian, Booth, and Crowe-is well known from inclusive measurements of two-pion production in nuclear fusion reactions. Here we report on the first exclusive and kinematically complete measurements of the most basic double-pionic fusion reaction pn -> d pi(0)pi(0) at beam energies of 1.03 and 1.35 GeV. The measurements, which have been carried out at CELSIUS-WASA, reveal the ABC effect to be a (pi pi)(I=L=0) channel phenomenon associated with both a resonancelike energy dependence in the integral cross section and the formation of a Delta Delta system in the intermediate state. A corresponding simple s-channel resonance ansatz provides a surprisingly good description of the data.
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| 21. |
- Bashkanov, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the slope parameter for the η → 3π0 decay in the pp → ppη reaction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 76:4, s. 048201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CELSIUS-WASA setup is used to measure the 3π0 decay of η mesons produced in pp interactions with beam kinetic energies of 1.36 and 1.45 GeV. The efficiency-corrected Dalitz plot and density distributions for this decay are shown, together with a fit of the quadratic slope parameter α yielding α = −0.026 ± 0.010(stat) ± 0.010(syst). This value is compared to recent experimental results and theoretical predictions.
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| 22. |
- Benavente Araoz, Fabian Andres, et al.
(författare)
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An Aging Study of NCA/Si-Graphite Lithium-Ion Cells for Off-Grid Photovoltaic Systems in Bolivia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance and aging of lithium-ion 18650 cylindrical cells containing NCA and Si-graphite composite electrodes are investigated during long-term low current rate (∼0.1C) cycling protocol resembling charge/discharge profile of off-grid photovoltaic battery system. The cells are cycled within 30% and 75% state-of-charge ranges (SOC) with low, middle and high cut-off voltages. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data of full cylindrical cells exhibit severe aging for cells that have been cycled at higher cut-off voltage of 4.2 V. Symmetric cell impedance from each electrode shows that aging of NCA is dominant over aging of Si-graphite. Using a Newman-based impedance model, the NCA symmetrical cells' impedance spectra are parameterized to evaluate the aging modes. The resulting parameterization confirms increased particles' surface film resistance due to possible electrolyte oxidation and tortuosity increase at high cut-off voltages. Cycling the cells with middle and low cut-off voltages causes few significant changes when compared to calendar-aged samples. This opens up the possibility to significantly increase battery lifetime for small photovoltaic battery systems in rural areas of Bolivia. © 2021 The Author(s).
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| 23. |
- Benavente Araoz, Fabian Andres, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Investigation and Electrochemical Modeling of Aging Mechanisms on NCA and Si-graphite Electrodes Harvested from Off-grid PV Lithium-ion Cells
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Performance and aging of lithium-ion 18650 cylindrical cells containing NCA and Si-graphite composite electrodes are investigated during a long-term cycling process applying low current rates and different state of charge (SOC) ranges and cut-off voltages. Firstly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to periodically extract impedance data from cylindrical cells. Secondly, NCA and Si-graphite electrode samples are reassembled into symmetrical cells to separate the impedance contribution from NCA and Si-graphite. Finally, using a physics-based impedance model, the symmetrical cells’ impedance spectra are parameterized to evaluate the aging modes. We introduce an additional pseudo-dimension to the model to distribute double layer capacitances on electrode-electrolyte interface, combined with a probability distribution function for total volumetric current, to fit the depressed semicircle in EIS spectra. The parameterization results show that high cut-off voltages cause increased particles’ surface film resistance of the NCA electrode and tortuosity increase in its structure. In Si-graphite electrodes, high cut-off voltages combined with wide ΔSOC range lead to increased surface film resistance attributed to the SEI layer and local limitations in solid lithium intercalation. Cycling the cells with middle and low cut-off voltages causes few significant changes when compared to calendar-aged samples. This opens up the possibility to significant increase of battery lifetime for applications such as small PV-battery systems.
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| 24. |
- Bengtsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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High occurrence of mecC-MRSA in wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 207, s. 103-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the occurrence of mecC-MRSA in wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Sweden and characterized the obtained isolates. Samples from 55 hedgehogs from five counties of Sweden were cultivated selectively for MRSA and putative isolates were confirmed by real-time PCR detecting mecA, mecC, nuc and PVL genes. mecC-MRSA was confirmed in 35 (64%) animals from three geographically separated counties. Confirmed isolates were spa-typed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution. Eight different spa-types were identified (t843, t978, t3391, t9111, t10751, t10893, t11015, t15312) of which t843 (49%) was the most common. The spa-types t843, t3391 and t978 were found in isolates from two counties. The study shows that mecC-MRSA is common in wild hedgehogs in two counties of Sweden but occurs in hedgehogs also in other parts of the country. Our findings suggest that hedgehogs could be a reservoir for mecC-MRSA. In addition, similar spa-types of isolates from hedgehogs and isolates previously described in domesticated animals and in humans indicates transfer between these populations.
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| 25. |
- Berlowski, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of eta meson decays into lepton-antilepton pairs
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. Particles and fields. - : American Physical Society. - 0556-2821 .- 1089-4918. ; 77:3, s. 032004-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for rare lepton decays of the eta meson was performed using the WASA detector at CELSIUS. Two candidates for double Dalitz decay eta -> e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-) events are reported with a background of 1.3 +/- 0.2 events. This allows to set an upper limit to the branching ratio of 9.7x10(-5) (90% CL). The branching ratio for the decay eta -> e(+)e(-)gamma is determined to (7.8 +/- 0.5(stat)+/- 0.8(syst))x10(-3) in agreement with world average value. An upper limit (90% CL) for the branching ratio for the eta -> e(+)e(-) decay is 2.7x10(-5) and a limit for the sum of the eta ->mu(+)mu(-)mu(+)mu(-) and eta ->pi(+)pi(-)mu(+)mu(-) decays is 3.6x10(-4).
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| 26. |
- Bessman, Alexander, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging Sinusoidal Ripple-Current Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - : IEEE Press. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; 65:6, s. 4750-4757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sinusoidal ripple-current charging has previously been reported to increase both charging efficiency and energy efficiency and decrease charging time when used to charge lithium-ion battery cells. In this paper, we show that no such effect exists in lithium-ion battery cells, based on an experimental study of large-size prismatic cells. Additionally, we use a physics-based model to show that no such effect should exist, based on the underlying electrochemical principles.
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| 27. |
- Biggar, Robert J., et al.
(författare)
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Immunoglobulin subclass levels in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 124:11, s. 2616-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergy/atopy has been suggested to protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and specific IgE levels are decreased in patients with NHL. We speculated that all immunoglobulin subclass levels might be downregulated in NHL and examined levels of IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE, IgG and IgG(4) in 200 NHL patients and 200 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with B-cell NHL of many types had consistently lower median immunoglobulin subclass levels than controls. In every subclass except IgD, about 10-15% of B-cell NHL patients had absolute levels below the 2.5 percentile of controls. Subclass levels correlated with each other and many patients had more than one significantly low level. Levels were lowest for IgG(4) and IgE. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma had especially low total IgE levels. In other B-cell NHL types, total IgE levels were decreased to a similar extent as other immunoglobulin subclasses. In conclusion, low IgE levels are only part of a more generalized loss of immunoglobulins of all subtypes in a wide variety of B-cell NHL types. Low immunoglobulin levels appear to be a consequence of B-cell NHL presence, and we speculate about molecular mechanisms that could reduce all immunoglobulin subclasses in B-cell NHL.
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| 28. |
- Biggar, Robert J., et al.
(författare)
-
Serum YKL-40 and interleukin 6 levels in Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 14:21, s. 6974-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Serum levels of the inflammatory markers YKL-40 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are increased in many conditions, including cancers. We examined serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, a tumor with strong immunologic reaction to relatively few tumor cells, especially in nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed Danish and Swedish patients with incident Hodgkin lymphoma (N=470) and population controls from Denmark (n=245 for YKL-40; n=348 for IL-6). Serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA, and log-transformed data were analyzed by linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS: Serum levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 increased in Hodgkin lymphoma patients compared with controls (YKL-40, 3.6-fold; IL-6, 8.3-fold; both, P<0.0001). In pretreatment samples from pretreatment Hodgkin lymphoma patients (n=176), levels were correlated with more advanced stages (P(trend), 0.0001 for YKL-40 and 0.013 for IL-6) and in those with B symptoms; however, levels were similar in nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity subtypes, by EBV status, and in younger (<45 years old) and older patients. Patients tested soon after treatment onset had significantly lower levels than pretreatment patients; however, even >or=6 months after treatment onset, serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels remained significantly increased compared with controls. In patients who died (n=12), pretreatment levels for YKL-40 and IL-6 were higher than in survivors, although not statistically significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were increased in untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients and those with more advanced stages but did not differ significantly by Hodgkin lymphoma histology. Following treatment, serum levels were significantly lower.
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| 29. |
- Brijs, Jeroen, et al.
(författare)
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Increased mitochondrial coupling and anaerobic capacity minimizes aerobic costs of trout in the sea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anadromy is a distinctive life-history strategy in fishes that has evolved independently many times. In an evolutionary context, the benefits of anadromy for a species or population must outweigh the costs and risks associated with the habitat switch. The migration of fish across the freshwater-ocean boundary coincides with potentially energetically costly osmoregulatory modifications occurring at numerous levels of biological organization. By integrating whole animal and sub-cellular metabolic measurements, this study presents significant findings demonstrating how an anadromous salmonid (i.e. rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) is able to transform from a hyper- to hypo-osmoregulatory state without incurring significant increases in whole animal oxygen consumption rate. Instead, underlying metabolic mechanisms that fuel the osmoregulatory machinery at the organ level (i.e. intestine) are modulated, as mitochondrial coupling and anaerobic metabolism are increased to satisfy the elevated energetic demands. This may have positive implications for the relative fitness of the migrating individual, as aerobic capacity may be maintained for locomotion (i.e. foraging and predator avoidance) and growth. Furthermore, the ability to modulate mitochondrial metabolism in order to maintain osmotic balance suggests that mitochondria of anadromous fish may have been a key target for natural selection, driving species adaptations to different aquatic environments.
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| 30. |
- Brijs, J., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and severity of cardiac abnormalities and arteriosclerosis in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease may pose a major threat to the health and welfare of farmed fish. By investigating a range of established cardiovascular disease indicators, we aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and consequences of this affliction in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from an open cage farm in the Baltic Sea, an open cage farm in a freshwater lake, and a land-based recirculating aquaculture system. We also aimed to identify environmental, anthropogenic and physiological factors contributing towards the development of the disease. The majority of trout possessed enlarged hearts with rounded ventricles (mean height:width ratios of 1.0–1.1 c.f. ~1.3 in wild fish) and a high degree of vessel misalignment (mean angles between the longitudinal ventricular axis and the axis of the bulbus arteriosus of 28–31 °c.f. ~23° in wild fish). The prevalence and severity of coronary arteriosclerosis was also high, as 92–100% of fish from the different aquaculture facilities exhibited coronary lesions. Mean lesion incidence and severity indices were 67–95% and 3.1–3.9, respectively, which resulted in mean coronary arterial blockages of 19–32%. To evaluate the functional significance of these findings, we modelled the effects of arterial blockages on coronary blood flow and experimentally tested the effects of coronary occlusion in a sub-sample of fish. The observed coronary blockages were estimated to reduce coronary blood flow by 34–54% while experimental coronary occlusion adversely affected the electrocardiogram of trout. Across a range of environmental (water current, predation), anthropogenic (boat traffic intensity, hatchery of origin, brand of feed pellets) and physiological factors (condition factor, haematological and plasma indices), the hatchery of origin was the main factor contributing towards the observed variation in the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, further research on the effects of selective breeding programs and rearing strategies on the development of cardiovascular disease is needed to improve the welfare and health of farmed fish. © 2020 The Authors
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| 31. |
- Börjesson Axén, Jenny, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic gas pressure model for management of nickel metal hydride batteries
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery has an active gas phase during operation. This is due in part to the aqueous electrolyte causing oxygen evolution on the positive nickel electrode, and in part due to the hydrogen stored in the negative metal hydride (MH) electrode being in equilibrium with gaseous hydrogen. The gas phase reactions are closely connected to the battery function and must therefore be accounted for when creating a successful battery management system (BMS).This study explores a pressure model for management of the NiMH battery. By using measured current, voltage, and temperature as input, the total pressure and gas composition can be modeled. Model parameters are fitted by comparing the modeled total pressure to the measured pressure. By using the system voltage signal, the difficulty of simultaneously modeling the voltage based on the current is circumvented. A model like this opens the way to new ways of battery system management through use of calculated partial pressures and deviations from the modeled total pressure. This can help increasing safety and longevity of battery systems.
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| 32. |
- Börjesson Axén, Jenny, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Creating a dynamic P2D model for the nickel metal hydride battery
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, a predictive voltage and pressure nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery model is presented. The model was validated under conditions that would be seen in applications, with mixed charge and discharge usage patterns. The model is based on an extended P2D model using concentrated electrolyte and porous electrode theory. On top of the charging and discharging processes, the NiMH battery has additional side reactions that affects the battery behavior. These processes are important to include for a model to accurately reproduce the voltage and pressure behavior under usage like conditions. Two processes were identified as necessary for the model to be predictive: Open circuit voltage hysteresis and the gas phase reactions involving oxygen and hydrogen. To take these into account, results from two previous studies that modeled these phenomena separately was introduced into the model. Hysteresis was described using empirical mathematical expressions and the gas phase reactions were described using electrochemical rate equations.The results show that the resulting model is capable of qualitatively reproducing NiMH battery voltage and pressure behavior, both for a continuous charge/discharge cycle and a varied usage pattern with mixed charge and discharge pulses using different currents. The model was used to study the effect of changes in electrode thickness on the energy and power density during discharge. The mechanism behind the drop in cell voltage at the end of charge was also investigated and found to be connected to the temperature dependence of the oxygen evolution equilibrium potential. Although the model can be fine-tuned further to improve quantitative reproducibility, this study shows that taking the OCV hysteresis and gas phase reactions into account creates a basis for a NiMH battery model that can function for different usage patterns. Such a model has potential to improve the development and use of NiMH batteries, providing a tool to improve battery design and battery management algorithms.
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| 33. |
- Börjesson Axén, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of hysteresis expressions in a lumped voltage prediction model of a NiMH battery system in stationary storage applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 48, s. 103985-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of battery system operation, battery models are often used to determine battery characteristics such as the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH). A phenomenon that has a large impact on battery model accuracy for NiMH batteries is open circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis, which causes the OCV to differ not only with the SOC of the battery but also with the charge-discharge history. This characteristic is especially influential when running the system in applications with dynamic current patterns. A model including a way to emulate battery hysteresis behavior would improve the battery management system function. In this study a lumped battery model for cell voltage prediction was expanded to include an OCV hysteresis model. Different expressions to describe the hysteresis behavior were explored. The different models were then evaluated using both synthetic and real-life application experimental data. In all cases the error was reduced by adding a hysteresis component to the model. Using this type of model in the battery management system of stationary energy storage systems based on NiMH batteries could help make the state prediction more accurate. This, in turn, would allow for better optimization of the system operation, something that could help increase system efficiency and lifetime.
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| 34. |
- Börjesson Axén, Jenny, 1986-
(författare)
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The dynamic behavior of the NiMH battery – Creating a versatile NiMH battery model
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To facilitate the shift from fossil to renewable energy sources, energy storage is needed to cope with the intermittent nature of technologies such as solar, wind, and wave power. One storage alternative is battery-based stationary energy storage. There are many battery types to choose from, but Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) is a type that is especially well suited. These batteries have a high energy density, a large temperature operating window and are a safe alternative for large scale energy storage.In this thesis, the behavior of the NiMH battery is studied with the aim to develop a dynamic battery model, a model that is capable of reproducing the battery voltage and pressure, also for dynamic usage. Such a model can be used to facilitate development of NiMH batteries, improvement of the algorithms used in the Battery Management System (BMS), quality control, and dimensioning of energy storage systems. These improvements can lead to stationary energy storage with a higher efficiency and longer usable lifetime.To increase the understanding of the battery function, deeper study was carried out of two behaviors that are typical for the NiMH battery and are deemed to have a large impact on the battery: Open circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis and the battery gas phase behavior. The OCV hysteresis complicates modelling because it causes the battery rest voltage at a certain degree of charge to depend on the charge/discharge path taken to get there. OCV hysteresis is not noticeable for all batteries, and it is especially prominent for the NiMH battery. The gas phase in the NiMH battery is active since the electrolyte is water based and the voltage window during operation causes oxygen evolution at the positive electrode. The oxygen is then recombined into water at the negative electrode. The amount of hydrogen in the gas phase varies over a cycle due to the the dependence on temperature and state of charge of the hydrogen equilibrium pressure over the negative metal hydride electrode.Two models were developed separately to study these behaviors. The models showed good qualitative reproduction capabilities. The hysteresis phenomenon was also studied using structural analysis methods. Differences were identified in the material structure between two samples of the positive electrode material at the same state of charge but different hysteresis states. These differences were found in both the bulk and the surface region of the particles. The differences in bulk were related to degree of disorder and the differences in the surface region to inhomogeneity in Li distribution in the cobalt oxyhydroxide layer. The gas composition was studied using mass spectrometry. The gas phase was mostly composed of nitrogen, but hydrogen was responsible for the majority of the pressure changes of the battery during a charge/discharge cycle. Oxygen could be detected at the end of charge, where it is produced due to high voltage on the positive electrode.Finally, the two models were added to a P2D-model. This model type is commonly used to simulate battery behavior, and is based on electrochemical theory with approximations used for the porous electrode behavior. The spacial distribution is modeled in one dimension with an additional dimension added locally to simulate intra particle diffusion. The combined model showed that the behavior seen from a NiMH during dynamic usage could be recreated qualitatively through adding OCV hysteresis and the gas phase behavior to this standard model type.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men and women
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 15:10, s. 1067-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The effect of alcohol intake on risk of NHL is unclear. We therefore conducted a population-based case-control study to examine the association between alcohol and NHL risk. METHODS: 613 NHL cases and 480 population controls in Sweden reported their average consumption of beer, wine, and liquor 2 years before the study. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between alcohol intake and NHL risk. RESULTS: Intake of total alcohol, beer, wine, or liquor was not associated with risk of overall NHL. There was no difference in risk of NHL among those who habitually consumed above 19.1 g of ethanol per day, compared to those who consumed on average 0-2.2 g of ethanol per day (OR = 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.7); Ptrend = 0.29). However, the association was significantly positive among males (OR = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.9); Ptrend = 0.06). Total alcohol, beer, wine, or liquor intake was not associated with any major histopathologic subtype of NHL examined, apart from an association between high wine consumption and increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol does not appear to be a major etiologic factor for overall NHL, nor its common subtypes.
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| 37. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index and risk of malignant lymphoma in Scandinavian men and women
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 97:3, s. 210-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prevalence of obesity are increasing globally. A suggested positive association between obesity and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has prompted us to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of malignant lymphoma subtypes in a population-based case-control study. METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted with 3055 case patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 618 case patients with Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed between October 1, 1999, and August 30, 2002, and 3187 population-based control subjects. The interviews assessed current height, normal adult weight, and other possible risk factors. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of lymphoma were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: BMI was not associated with risk of overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma or of Hodgkin lymphoma (for example, comparing the highly obese group [BMI > or =35.0 kg/m2] with the normal-weight group [BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2], OR for risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.6 to 1.3; P(trend) across all categories of BMI = .27). BMI was also not associated with risk of any non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype evaluated, although there was some evidence of a positive association with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (for example, comparing the highly obese group with the normal-weight group, OR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.4; P(trend) =.05). CONCLUSIONS: Excess weight does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of malignant lymphoma in general, or with a risk of most major lymphoma subtypes. Hence, the growing incidence of obesity is unlikely to be an important contributor to the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide.
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| 38. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary factors and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma in men and women
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 14:2, s. 512-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has increased worldwide in recent decades. Diet could influence NHL risk by modulating the immune system, although evidence is limited. We did a population-based case-control study to determine whether differences in diet were associated with NHL risk. METHODS: A total of 597 NHL cases and 467 population controls in Sweden completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire evaluating their dietary habits 2 years before the interview. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between food intake and risk of NHL. RESULTS: High consumption of dairy products and fried red meat was associated with increased risk of NHL. The OR of NHL for individuals in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of dairy intake was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1-2.2; P(trend) = 0.003). The OR for the highest versus lowest quartile of fried red meat intake was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0-2.1; P(trend) = 0.02). In contrast, high consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with reduced risk of NHL, particularly follicular lymphoma, among women but not men. Compared with the lowest quartile of vegetable intake, the OR of follicular lymphoma among women in the highest quartile of vegetable intake was 0.3 (95% CI, 0.1-0.7; P(trend) = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The positive associations of NHL risk with dairy products and fried red meat and the inverse association with fruits and vegetables suggest that diet affects NHL risk and could explain the increase of some histopathogic subtypes.
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| 39. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Family history of hematopoietic malignancy and risk of lymphoma
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 97:19, s. 1466-1474
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A family history of hematopoietic malignancy is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), although the magnitude of the relative risk is unclear. We estimated the association between familial hematopoietic cancer and risk of lymphoma using validated, registry-based family data, and we also investigated whether associations between some environmental exposures and risk of lymphoma vary between individuals with and without such a family history. METHODS: In a population-based case-control study of malignant lymphoma, 1506 case patients and 1229 control subjects were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and then to the Swedish Cancer Register to ascertain history of cancer in first-degree relatives of patients with malignant lymphoma. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with the risk of lymphoma. RESULTS: A history of hematopoietic malignancy in any first-degree relative was associated with an increased risk of all NHL (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 2.5), common B-cell NHL subtypes, and HL. Relative risks were generally stronger in association with sibling hematopoietic cancer (OR for all NHL = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 7.6) than with parental hematopoietic cancer (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.3). A family history of NHL or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was associated with an increased risk of several NHL subtypes and HL, whereas familial multiple myeloma was associated with a higher risk of follicular lymphoma. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity in NHL risk associations with environmental factors between individuals with and without familial hematopoietic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of NHL and HL among individuals with a family history of hematopoietic malignancy was approximately twofold for both lymphoma types. There was no evidence that etiologic associations varied between familial NHL and nonfamilial NHL.
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| 40. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Medication use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 162:10, s. 965-974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicting results from previous epidemiologic studies shed little light on whether medication use is associated with risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). To investigate this question, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study in Denmark and Sweden from 1999 to 2002, including 3,055 incident NHL cases and 3,187 controls. Participants reported their past use of medications and history of particular medical conditions. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between medication use and risk of NHL; all statistical tests were two sided. Use of antibiotics more than 10 times during adulthood was positively associated with risk of NHL and most major NHL subtypes; when users were compared with nonusers, the odds ratio for NHL was 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.3); p(trend) for total antibiotic use <0.001. In addition, high cumulative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was marginally associated with elevated NHL risk. Other medications evaluated were not associated with risk of NHL or its most common subtypes. Findings suggest that inflammation, infections, susceptibility to infections, and/or use of antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat these conditions may increase the risk of NHL. However, most of the medications examined were not associated with NHL risk.
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| 41. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of self-reported family history of cancer in a large case-control study of lymphoma
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 98:1, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Case-control studies of familial cancer risk traditionally rely on self-reported family history of cancer, which may bias results due to differential recall between case patients and control subjects. To evaluate the reliability of self-reported data, we analyzed questionnaire and registry-based data on familial cancer from a population-based case-control study of malignant lymphoma. METHODS: All 1508 lymphoma case patients and 1229 control subjects completed a telephone interview assessing cancer in family members. Participants were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and Cancer Register to identify confirmed cancer diagnoses in first-degree relatives. The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported familial cancer were calculated among case patients and control subjects and were compared using logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Lymphoma case patients reported a family history of any cancer with statistically significantly higher sensitivity than control subjects (0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 0.87 and 0.80, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.82, respectively) but with marginally lower specificity (0.89, 95% CI = 0.87 to 0.91 and 0.92, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.94, respectively). The sensitivity of self-reporting familial cancers by site ranged from less than 0.20 for rare malignancies to nearly 0.75 for more common types, whereas specificity was generally 0.98 or greater. For most sites, the reliability of self-report was similar in patients and control subjects. However, patients reported familial hematopoietic cancer with statistically significantly higher sensitivity (0.60, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.62) than control subjects (0.38, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.40). Odds ratios for the association between familial cancer and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were consistently higher when based on self-reported, compared with registry data-based, family history of any cancer or of hematopoietic cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Reliability of self-reported family history of cancer varies between case patients and control subjects. Recall bias may thus produce biased results in case-control studies of familial cancer risk.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Ekström, Anders, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Antropocena tider
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tidens paradoxer. - Göteborg : Makadam Förlag. ; , s. 15-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Ekström, Anders, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Katastrofen, vitenskapen og oss
- 2014
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Ingår i: Morgenbladet. - Oslo. ; :28/3
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 45. |
- Ekström, Anders, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Naturkatastrofer i menneskets tidsalder : Mot en tverrfaglig forståelse av antropocen-begrepet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tidsskrift for kulturforskning. - Oslo. - 1502-7473 .- 2387-6727. ; 13:3, s. 6-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractSince the early 2000, the Anthropocene has gained momentum as a new geological and historical epoch defined by the pervasive human influence on Earth systems. The anthropocene concept is widely used both in the scientific literature and elsewhere. The idea of an Age of Man changes our understanding of the relationship between natural and cultural processes and how different societies are interconnected across time and space. One of the challenging aspects of the anthropocene concept is the consequences for the understanding of natural disasters. Traditionally, natural disasters developed along the nature-society interface where the severity depends on the magnitude of the natural hazard and the human vulnerability. However, within the anthropocene framework, natural hazards can be understood as hybrid processes partly controlled by the human influence on Earth systems. The best examples of such hybrid processes are within the climate-related hazards such as heatwaves and floods. Keywords: Anthropocene, geological processes, history, natural disasters, cross disciplinary understanding
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Ekström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal liquidation of a call spread
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Probability. - 0021-9002 .- 1475-6072. ; 47:2, s. 586-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the optimal liquidation strategy for a call spread in the case when an investor, who does not hedge, believes in a volatility that differs from the implied volatility. The liquidation problem is formulated as an optimal stopping problem, which we solve explicitly. We also provide a sensitivity analysis with respect to the model parameters.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Ekström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal stopping of a Brownian bridge
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Probability. - 0021-9002 .- 1475-6072. ; 46:1, s. 170-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study several optimal stopping problems in which the gains process is a Brownian bridge or a functional of a Brownian bridge. Our examples constitute natural finite-horizon optimal stopping problems with explicit solutions.
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