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- Aune, S, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in the hospital organisation of CPR training and outcome after cardiac arrest in Sweden during a 10-year period
- 2011
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 82:4, s. 431-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe (a) changes in the organisation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the treatment of cardiac arrest in hospital in Sweden and (b) the clinical achievement, i.e. survival and cerebral function, among survivors after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Sweden. Methods Aspects of CPR training among health care providers (HCPs) and treatment of IHCA in Sweden were evaluated in 3 national surveys (1999, 2003 and 2008). Patients with IHCA are recorded in a National Register covering two thirds of Swedish hospitals. Results The proportion of hospitals with a CPR coordinator increased from 45% in 1999 to 93% in 2008. The majority of co-ordinators are nurses. The proportions of hospitals with local guidelines for acceptable delays from cardiac arrest to the start of CPR and defibrillation increased from 48% in 1999 to 88% in 2008. The proportion of hospitals using local defibrillation outside intensive care units prior to arrival of rescue team increased from 55% in 1999 to 86% in 2008. During the past 4 years in Sweden, survival to hospital discharge has been 29%. Among survivors, 93% have a cerebral performance category (CPC) score of I or II, indicating acceptable cerebral function. Conclusion During the last 10 years, there was a marked improvement in CPR training and treatment of IHCA in Sweden. During the past 4 years, survival after IHCA is high and the majority of survivors have acceptable cerebral function.
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- Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A Runtime Verification Tool for Detecting Concurrency Bugs in FreeRTOS Embedded Software
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing, ISPDC 2018. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538653302 ; , s. 172-179
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a runtime verification tool for embedded software executing under the open source real-time operating system FreeRTOS. The tool detects and diagnoses concurrency bugs such as deadlock, starvation, and suspension based-locking. The tool finds concurrency bugs at runtime without debugging and tracing the source code. The tool uses the Tracealyzer tool for logging relevant events. Analysing the logs, our tool can detect the concurrency bugs by applying algorithms for diagnosing each concurrency bug type individually. In this paper, we present the implementation of the tool, as well as its functional architecture, together with illustration of its use. The tool can be used during program testing to gain interesting information about embedded software executions. We present initial results of running the tool on some classical bug examples running on an AVR 32-bit board SAM4S.
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| 11. |
- Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrency bugs in open source software : a case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Internet Services and Applications. - : Springer London. - 1867-4828 .- 1869-0238. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concurrent programming puts demands on software debugging and testing, as concurrent software may exhibit problems not present in sequential software, e.g., deadlocks and race conditions. In aiming to increase efficiency and effectiveness of debugging and bug-fixing for concurrent software, a deep understanding of concurrency bugs, their frequency and fixing-times would be helpful. Similarly, to design effective tools and techniques for testing and debugging concurrent software, understanding the differences between non-concurrency and concurrency bugs in real-word software would be useful. This paper presents an empirical study focusing on understanding the differences and similarities between concurrency bugs and other bugs, as well as the differences among various concurrency bug types in terms of their severity and their fixing time, and reproducibility. Our basis is a comprehensive analysis of bug reports covering several generations of five open source software projects. The analysis involves a total of 11860 bug reports from the last decade, including 351 reports related to concurrency bugs. We found that concurrency bugs are different from other bugs in terms of their fixing time and severity while they are similar in terms of reproducibility. Our findings shed light on concurrency bugs and could thereby influence future design and development of concurrent software, their debugging and testing, as well as related tools.
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- Bergström, Anna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice-a citation analysis of the literature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Implementation science : IS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) nature and type, context (C) quality, and the facilitation (F), [SI = f (E,C,F)]. Despite a growing number of citations of theoretical frameworks including PARIHS, details of how theoretical frameworks are used remains largely unknown. This review aimed to enhance the understanding of the breadth and depth of the use of the PARIHS framework. METHODS: This citation analysis commenced from four core articles representing the key stages of the framework's development. The citation search was performed in Web of Science and Scopus. After exclusion, we undertook an initial assessment aimed to identify articles using PARIHS and not only referencing any of the core articles. To assess this, all articles were read in full. Further data extraction included capturing information about where (country/countries and setting/s) PARIHS had been used, as well as categorizing how the framework was applied. Also, strengths and weaknesses, as well as efforts to validate the framework, were explored in detail. RESULTS: The citation search yielded 1613 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, 1475 articles were read in full, and the initial assessment yielded a total of 367 articles reported to have used the PARIHS framework. These articles were included for data extraction. The framework had been used in a variety of settings and in both high-, middle-, and low-income countries. With regard to types of use, 32% used PARIHS in planning and delivering an intervention, 50% in data analysis, 55% in the evaluation of study findings, and/or 37% in any other way. Further analysis showed that its actual application was frequently partial and generally not well elaborated. CONCLUSIONS: In line with previous citation analysis of the use of theoretical frameworks in implementation science, we also found a rather superficial description of the use of PARIHS. Thus, we propose the development and adoption of reporting guidelines on how framework(s) are used in implementation studies, with the expectation that this will enhance the maturity of implementation science.
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- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical interventions, implementation interventions, and the potential greyness in between -a discussion paper
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 17:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing awareness that regardless of the proven value of clinical interventions, the use of effective strategies to implement such interventions into clinical practice is necessary to ensure that patients receive the benefits. However, there is often confusion between what is the clinical intervention and what is the implementation intervention. This may be caused by a lack of conceptual clarity between 'intervention' and 'implementation', yet at other times by ambiguity in application. We suggest that both the scientific and the clinical communities would benefit from greater clarity; therefore, in this paper, we address the concepts of intervention and implementation, primarily as in clinical interventions and implementation interventions, and explore the grey area in between. Discussion: To begin, we consider the similarities, differences and potential greyness between clinical interventions and implementation interventions through an overview of concepts. This is illustrated with reference to two examples of clinical interventions and implementation intervention studies, including the potential ambiguity in between. We then discuss strategies to explore the hybridity of clinical-implementation intervention studies, including the role of theories, frameworks, models, and reporting guidelines that can be applied to help clarify the clinical and implementation intervention, respectively. Conclusion: Semantics provide opportunities for improved precision in depicting what is 'intervention' and what is 'implementation' in health care research. Further, attention to study design, the use of theory, and adoption of reporting guidelines can assist in distinguishing between the clinical intervention and the implementation intervention. However, certain aspects may remain unclear in analyses of hybrid studies of clinical and implementation interventions. Recognizing this potential greyness can inform further discourse.
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- Jagemar, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive online feedback controlled message compression
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference. - 9781479935741 ; , s. 558-567
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication is a vital part of computer systems today. One current problem is that computational capacity is growing faster than the bandwidth of interconnected computers. Maximising performance is a key objective for industries, both on new and existing software systems, which further extends the need for more powerful systems at the cost of additional communication. Our contribution is to let the system selectively choose the best compression algorithm from a set of available algorithms if it provides a better overall system performance. The online selection mechanism can adapt to a changing environment such as temporary network congestion or a change of message content while still selecting the optimal algorithm. Additionally, is autonomous and does not require any human intervention making it suitable for large-scale systems. We have implemented and evaluated this autonomous selection and compression mechanism in an initial trial situation as a proof of concept. The message round trip time were decreased by 7.1%, while still providing ample computational resources for other co-existing services.
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- Lozano, IMD, et al.
(författare)
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Proteome profiling of whole plasma and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles facilitates the detection of tissue biomarkers in the non-obese diabetic mouse
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 13, s. 971313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism by which pancreatic beta cells are destroyed in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains to be fully understood. Recent observations indicate that the disease may arise because of different pathobiological mechanisms (endotypes). The discovery of one or several protein biomarkers measurable in readily available liquid biopsies (e.g. blood plasma) during the pre-diabetic period may enable personalized disease interventions. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a source of tissue proteins in liquid biopsies. Using plasma samples collected from pre-diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice (an experimental model of T1D) we addressed if combined analysis of whole plasma samples and plasma-derived EV fractions increases the number of unique proteins identified by mass spectrometry (MS) compared to the analysis of whole plasma samples alone. LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma samples depleted of abundant proteins and subjected to peptide fractionation identified more than 2300 proteins, while the analysis of EV-enriched plasma samples identified more than 600 proteins. Of the proteins detected in EV-enriched samples, more than a third were not identified in whole plasma samples and many were classified as either tissue-enriched or of tissue-specific origin. In conclusion, parallel profiling of EV-enriched plasma fractions and whole plasma samples increases the overall proteome depth and facilitates the discovery of tissue-enriched proteins in plasma. If applied to plasma samples collected longitudinally from the NOD mouse or from models with other pathobiological mechanisms, the integrated proteome profiling scheme described herein may be useful for the discovery of new and potentially endotype specific biomarkers in T1D.
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| 22. |
- Malm, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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Automated analysis of flakiness-mitigating delays
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE/ACM 1st International Conference on Automation of Software Test, AST 2020. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450379571 ; , s. 81-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During testing of parallel systems, which allow asynchronous communication, test flakiness is sometimes avoided by explicitly inserting delays in test code. The choice of delay approach can be a trade-off between short-term gain and long-term robustness. In this work, we present an approach for automatic detection and classification of delay insertions, with the goal of identifying those that could be made more robust. The approach has been implemented using an open-source compiler tooling framework and validated using test code from the telecom industry. © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery.
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| 23. |
- Nair, A., et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging mutants for automatic prediction of metamorphic relations using machine learning
- 2019
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Ingår i: MaLTeSQuE 2019 - Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for Software Quality Evaluation, co-located with ESEC/FSE 2019. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9781450368551 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An oracle is used in software testing to derive the verdict (pass/fail) for a test case. Lack of precise test oracles is one of the major problems in software testing which can hinder judgements about quality. Metamorphic testing is an emerging technique which solves both the oracle problem and the test case generation problem by testing special forms of software requirements known as metamorphic requirements. However, manually deriving the metamorphic requirements for a given program requires a high level of domain expertise, is labor intensive and error prone. As an alternative, we consider the problem of automatic detection of metamorphic requirements using machine learning (ML). For this problem we can apply graph kernels and support vector machines (SVM). A significant problem for any ML approach is to obtain a large labeled training set of data (in this case programs) that generalises well. The main contribution of this paper is a general method to generate large volumes of synthetic training data which can improve ML assisted detection of metamorphic requirements. For training data synthesis we adopt mutation testing techniques. This research is the first to explore the area of data augmentation techniques for ML-based analysis of software code. We also have the goal to enhance black-box testing using white-box methodologies. Our results show that the mutants incorporated into the source code corpus not only efficiently scale the dataset size, but they can also improve the accuracy of classification models.
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| 26. |
- Tistad, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Developing Leadership in Managers to Facilitate the Implementation of National Guideline Recommendations: A Process Evaluation of Feasibility and Usefulness
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Policy and Management-Ijhpm. - : Maad Rayan Publishing Company. - 2322-5939. ; 5:8, s. 477-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research supports the claim that managers are vital players in the implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), yet little is known about interventions aiming to develop managers' leadership in facilitating implementation. In this pilot study, process evaluation was employed to study the feasibility and usefulness of a leadership intervention by exploring the intervention's potential to support managers in the implementation of national guideline recommendations for stroke care in outpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Eleven senior and frontline managers from five outpatient stroke rehabilitation centers participated in a four-month leadership intervention that included workshops, seminars, and teleconferences. The focus was on developing knowledge and skills to enhance the implementation of CPG recommendations, with a particular focus on leadership behaviors. Each dyad of managers was assigned to develop a leadership plan with specific goals and leadership behaviors for implementing three rehabilitation recommendations. Feasibility and usefulness were explored through observations and interviews with the managers and staff members prior to the intervention, and then one month and one year after the intervention. Results: Managers considered the intervention beneficial, particularly the participation of both senior and frontline managers and the focus on leadership knowledge and skills for implementing CPG recommendations. All the managers developed a leadership plan, but only two units identified goals specific to implementing the three stroke rehabilitation recommendations. Of these, only one identified leadership behaviors that support implementation. Conclusion: Managers found that the intervention was delivered in a feasible way and appreciated the focus on leadership to facilitate implementation. However, the intervention appeared to have limited impact on managers' behaviors or clinical practice at the units. Future interventions directed towards managers should have a stronger focus on developing leadership skills and behaviors to tailor implementation plans and support implementation of CPG recommendations.
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