| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Melander, Anders, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing Hoshin Kanri : How to Manage Strategy Through Policy Deployment and Continuous Improvement
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book focuses on the implementation of Hoshin Kanri. It is a response to most books on strategic planning that tend to downplay the implementation and only describe the fully implemented planning process. The power of this book originates from a project in which a team of five professionals over a period of three years implemented Hoshin Kanri in 14 companies; results were drawn from 130 workshops with leadership teams. The project team subsequently ran several accelerators inside large and small companies as well as public institutions. All these experiences together form the implementation focus of the book.Moreover, the organization of the book mirrors the message of its scientific thinking, which is also the basic principle of Hoshin Kanri:Chapter 1 focuses on the basic analysis—Is Hoshin Kanri something for your organization?Chapter 2 addresses the ambition—What is the vision for strategy work in your organization?Chapter 3 presents the conditions needed for effective strategic work.Chapter 4 discusses the choice of implementation strategy and your role as the change agent.Chapter 5 describes how Hoshin Kanri works when implemented.Chapter 6 addresses coaching/mentoring and the Kata philosophy.Chapter 7 presents important analytical tools.Appendix 1 describes the journey made by a medium-sized construction company.Essentially, this book describes in a concrete and structured way how you—the change agent—can use Hoshin Kanri in your organization to tackle large and complex challenges.
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| 3. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Creating an ability to respond to changing requirements by systematic modelling of design assets and processes
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- System suppliers, e.g. original equipment suppliers, are important for the success of many products. They design a unique solution, often in close collaboration with other companies, based on different product concepts and/or core technologies. The solution can then be manufactured in different quantities depending on the client’s need. High level of customization is required as the interfaces are not standardized, the performance is not negotiable, requirements are not initially fixed and the specific system interacts with, is affected by, or affects other systems that are simultaneously developed. A system supplier commonly designs and manufactures solutions for different OEMs and must support many models and variants in their product portfolios. Efficiency, short lead-time, continuous technology development, and adaptability are essential for the competitive edge. A product platform approach has been a success for many companies to enable variety at low cost, however, it is not applicable for system suppliers. This work describes the result from a case study where a platform approach enabling a new way of structuring, publishing and managing design assets and processes was introduced at a company with the purpose to improve the ability to respond to changing requirements in the quotation process and the subsequent product development activities.
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| 4. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the design platform in industrialized housing for efficient design and production of customized houses
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643680200 - 9781643680217 ; , s. 125-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialized house-building (IHB) is a sector offering unique products by adopting an engineer-to-order (ETO) strategy. Customer satisfaction is achieved by adaptation of product solutions and the fast-paced introduction of new technology in combination with short lead-times and cost-efficient production. Product platforms is acknowledged as a strategic enabler for mass customization and increased competitiveness. The strategy has been a necessity in the mechanical industry for several decades. However, for IHB, platforms have only gained interest in recent years. In general, ETO companies struggle with adopting the common product platform approach, set by pre-defined modules and components. Predefinitions require standardization of the product offer which reduces the customization ability which is regarded as a competitive edge. The Design Platform (DP) approach was developed aimed to support ETO companies by utilizing different types of engineering assets in a coherent transdisciplinary model enabling efficient customization. The long-term aim of this work is to investigate and support the DP applicability in IHB to increase efficiency in development and delivery. For this article, data were gathered from a single case study, including workshops with company representatives combined with interviews and document analysis. Based on the data analysis, engineering assets were identified and characterized. Further, a conceptual PLM solution is proposed and outlined to support the DP application combined with the assets. The results suggest that a PLM system can host parts of the DP and that it is applicable in IHB.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of transdisciplinary engineering assets using the design platform approach for improved customization ability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 38, s. 277-290
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Original equipment suppliers (OES) that develop unique products are continuously faced with changing requirements during both the quotation and product development processes. This challenge is a different reality from companies that develop off-the-shelf products for the end consumer, which use fixed specifications and where product platforms have been a strong enabler for efficient mass customization. However, product platforms cannot adequately support companies working as OES. The reason is that a high level of customization is required which means that interfaces cannot be standardized, the performance is not negotiable, requirements are not initially fixed, and the specific system interacts with, is affected by, or affects other systems that are simultaneously developed in a transdisciplinary environment. The design platform (DP) approach provides a coherent environment for heterogeneous and transdisciplinary design resources to be used in product development by supporting both designing and off-the-shelf solutions. This research describes the introduction, application and further development of the DP approach at an automotive supplier to support the development of customized solutions when traditional modularity or platform scalability do not suffice. A computer tool called Design Platform Manager has been developed to support the creation and visualization of the DP. The support tool has a connection to a product data management database to link the platform model to the various kinds of engineering assets needed or intended to support variant creation. Finally, the support tool was evaluated by the case company representatives showing promising results.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting the modelling and managing of relations in the design platform
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED), 5-8 August, Delft, The Netherlands. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 3001-3010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common strategy which has in many cases become a necessity in product developing companies is to apply platform thinking to some extent. Engineer-to-order (ETO) companies are firms that need to invest in a significant amount engineering time in each product ordered by customers. These companies have in the past been known to not be fully able to apply platform strategies. An area of concern to product development is the design and manufacture of machine tools aimed for part manufacturing which is a large investment and a critical bottle neck. As a response to these challenges the design platform (DP) concept was developed which is founded on the re-use of company assets. This paper aims to investigate the application of the DP in a company designing and producing unique high-pressure die casting tools for different applications and customers. To enable companies of this character to utilize platform thinking to a higher degree and thus increase the efficiency in product development, a focus is set on modelling and managing relations within the DP. In addition, a PDM system setup is proposed together with an integrated support application for the realisation in industry.
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| 9. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-
(författare)
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Supporting the utilization of a platform approach in the engineer-to-order supplier industry
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Manufacturing companies are continuously faced with requirements regarding technology novelty, shorter time to market, a higher level of functionality, and lower prices for their products. This is especially true of suppliers that develop and manufacture highly customized products within the automotive industry. It is not uncommon that a request for a new product or subsystem goes out to several suppliers and that the one that can deliver the product most quickly and at the lowest price receives the contract. It is therefore vital for any supplier to answer to quotation requests rapidly and with a high level of precision while also ensuring that company assets are used efficiently. Other issues that apply to suppliers in the automotive industry are heavily fluctuating requirements during development projects, each customer’s individual preferences, and the ever changing interfaces with the OEM product with which the supplier’s product is to be integrated. Platform strategies have been widely accepted in industry to serve a wide product variety while maintaining business efficiency. However, the challenge of applying a platform strategy at the supplier level in the face of the reality described above has not been fully investigated. Platform approaches tend to require a focused development of the platform, which in turn requires some knowledge about which future variants are to be derived from the platform. The research presented in this thesis investigates the state of practice in industry regarding the challenges, needs, and current use of platforms. To respond to the identified need, a platform approach is proposed that expands the scope of what a product platform has traditionally contained. This is undertaken to aid in the development of highly customized products when physical modules or component scalability does not suffice. The platform approach provides a coherent environment for heterogeneous design assets to be used in product development, supporting both the activity of designing and off-the-shelf solutions. The approach is based on identifying and modelling generic product items that are associated with descriptions governing their design. By describing the outcome of technology and product development like finished designs, design guidelines, constraints, etc., in a standardized format, the platform continues to evolve. To aid in using the platform approach, a support system called Design Platform Manager is introduced at a company active as a secondtier supplier in the automotive industry. The system enables the creation of generic product items that can be structured, instantiated, and associated with descriptions, which aids in realizing product variants. The aim of the platform approach and tool is to support the quotation and continued design processes by identifying valid knowledge to use as circumstances, such as requirement changes or new design iterations, warrant. The support tool and overarching model have been evaluated by company representatives, who reported good results.
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| 10. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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The design platform – a coherent platform description of heterogeneous design assets for suppliers of highly customised systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering design (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0954-4828 .- 1466-1837. ; 28:10-12, s. 599-626
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Companies developing highly customised products are continuously faced with fluctuating requirements during the early and late stages of the product development (PD) process. This differs from companies that develop end-consumer products, which uses fixed specifications and where product platforms have been a successful enabler for efficient customisation. However, in the past, product platforms have not been able to fully support companies working in an engineer-to-order business environment. This article outlines the results from a three-year collaborative research project between academics within the area of engineering design and practitioners from the engineer-to-order industry. The research introduces a design platform (DP) that aims to support the development of customised products when traditional platform concepts do not suffice. The platform approach provides a coherent environment for heterogeneous design assets to be used in PD by supporting both the design activity and the finished solutions. The needs and abilities regarding such a platform were investigated through a series of interviews and workshops at four companies. Then, the DP was modelled and support tools were developed. Finally, company representatives evaluated the complete DP and its applications, reporting promising results.
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| 11. |
- André, Samuel, 1986-
(författare)
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The Design Platform Approach –Enabling platform-based development in the engineer-to-order industry
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Manufacturing companies are continuously faced with requirements regarding technology novelty, shorter time to market, a higher level of functionality, and lower prices on their products. This is especially the case for companies developing and manufacturing highly customized products, also known as engineer-to-order (ETO) companies. The traditional view of the product lifecycle introduces the customer only at the sale and distribution phase, which is often concerned with identifying and transferring customer needs into fixed specifications that guide the development of end-consumer products. In the ETO industry, however, the customer is involved already at the scoping and quotation stage, and a significant amount of engineering needs to be performed for every customer order. Thus, ETO companies cannot work according to the traditional model described above since specific requirements are set directly by the customer, or a detailed requirements specification is missing and must be developed in cooperation with the customer. It is not uncommon that products are developed in joint ventures with the customer and run for several years, during which requirements change.Product platform approaches have been generally accepted in the industry to serve a wide product variety while maintaining business efficiency. However, how to apply a product platform approach in ETO companies that face the reality described above is a challenge. Product platform approaches tend to require focused development of the platform, which, in turn, requires some knowledge about the future variants to be derived from the platform. The research presented in this thesis investigates the state of art and practice in the industry regarding the challenges, needs, and current use of product platforms. To respond to the identified need, a product platform approach is proposed that expands the scope of what a product platform has traditionally contained. The purpose of this proposal is to aid the development of highly customized products when physical modules or component scalability do not suffice. The resulting approach, the Design Platform Approach (DPA), provides a coherent model and methodology for heterogeneous engineering assets to be used in product development, supporting the activity of designing and existing solutions. The approach is based on identifying and modelling generic product and process items, which are the generic building blocks of the product, its structure, and the process of designing them. The generic product and process items are associated with the generic assets governing their design. By describing engineering assets that are the outcome of technology and product development, such as finished designs, design guidelines, constraints etc., in a standardized format, the DPA successively evolves.This thesis outlines the DPA in detail and presents cases of applications that have focused on different aspects of the approach. Tools to support the DPA are presented and evaluated in different kinds of industries along with the specific methods used and literature summarization.
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| 12. |
- Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al.
(författare)
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A method to capture and share production requirements supporting a collaborative production preparation process
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 273-282
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production preparation process (3P) enables collaboration between design and production engineers during product development but its efficiency is limited by the abundance of documentation of manufacturing constraints and capabilities. Empirical studies showed that use of production requirements can increase the efficiency of 3P, however, the support for production engineers to capture and share production requirements is scarce. A method to support production engineers in identifying, defining, structuring and sharing production requirements and collaborating with design engineers is presented. The method has three major parts - focus areas and requirement categories, a worksheet for production requirements capturing and prioritization, and a workflow for using the worksheet. The method was developed in collaboration with practitioners and contributes to the existing knowledge by providing production engineers with a structured way of working with production requirements. Evaluation of the method in the case company showed its usability when developing product variants and that additional work is needed to support the development of new product families and assembly lines.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning production requirements with product and production maturities : enhancing production preparation during product development
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 195-204
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product development is multidisciplinary with high uncertainties necessitating coordinated decision-making between design and production. This paper presents a method to work with production requirements to support production preparation during product development aligned with different product and production maturities. The work was conducted in collaboration with two global manufacturing firms. The method supports identification, definition, and structuring of production requirements and the collaboration between design and production engineers for requirement prioritization and follow-up.
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| 15. |
- Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Producibility : A Case Study on Theory, Practice and Gaps
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinarity and the Future of Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643683386 - 9781643683393 ; , s. 134-143
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing customer requirements, regulations, technology and regulations, shift to automated assembly and product variety are common challenges faced by many manufacturing industries and alignment between product and production system is critical for business success. Design engineers should be aware of production constraints and capabilities to ensure efficient manufacture and assembly of products that are developed. This requires different and detailed support to guide the work, evaluate different design solutions, enable continuous and concurrent work with design for producibility and production preparation. A study was conducted in three companies to understand alignment and integration of product development and production preparation processes. Also, utilization of production requirements, design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) and failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) to support design for producibility (DFP) was studied. Currently, production preparation is done through discussions between design and production engineers. Production preparation and work with DFMA and FMEA is skill and experience dependent. Definition, structuring and sharing of production requirements on different system levels, from production and product perspectives are identified as critical to supporting design for producibility and production preparation. The work with FMEA and DFMA can be developed and improved with systematic and structured way of working with production requirements.
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| 16. |
- Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al.
(författare)
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Product Platforms and Production : Current State and Future Research Directions Targeting Producibility and Production Preparation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering for Resilience: Responding to System Disruptions. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643682082 - 9781643682099 ; , s. 332-341
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New business opportunities are created when the advantage of changeable manufacturing systems expand beyond increased freedom in production location to increased freedom in product design. However, there are new challenges to overcome, including improved ability to design and adapt products when requirements from stakeholders quickly change and/or new technology rapidly evolves. Simultaneously, the producibility of each design must be ensured while keeping the lead-time of the whole process to the minimum. Changeable product platforms (both flexible and adaptable platforms) are gaining attention in both research and industry. However, the level of alignment and integration of product development and production is critical for the efficiency of the product realization process. In this study, we map the state of practice in five companies with an initial literature review. The companies had no formal platform strategy and faced challenges with variant management and development time, had manual processes for production preparation and reuse of technical solutions and knowledge happened through components and documents. The production preparation and reuse were dependent on the engineer’s competence. Future work will concentrate on identifying how manufacturing inputs can be added as a design asset in a changeable product platform to enhance producibility and production preparation.
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| 17. |
- Areth Koroth, Rohith
(författare)
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Supporting production preparation during product development using production requirements
- 2023
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Product development is affected by uncertainties due to changing customer requirements, changing regulations, technological developments, long lead times, high product complexities, and geopolitical issues. Automation, increased flexibility of production, and reduced lead times are drivers that allow product development to be competitive in this scenario. Design engineers should be aware of production capabilities to facilitate early producibility assessments and to avoid late changes. Production preparation is identified as an important activity in the product development process, whereby the producibility of a product is assessed. In this thesis, the current state of production preparation during product development is investigated and a method is introduced supporting production preparation using production requirements. The work was carried out using the design research methodology framework and comprised four studies based on the four steps of the framework. The research clarification and descriptive study 1 phases aimed at developing understanding and were done by means of data collection at the companies through interviews and document studies. The next two steps were prescriptive study and descriptive study 2, which aimed at developing and evaluating the support. This was done through observation, workshops, and solution development. The production preparation process is supported by Design for Manufacturing and Assembly, failure mode and effects analysis, lesson-learnt documents, and computer-aided design, and the efficiency of the process is dependent on individual skills and knowledge. Tools to support common understanding, remove ambiguity in requirements, and enable collaboration between design and production engineers are needed. The developed method allows for the identification, definition, structuring, and sharing of production requirements, aligning with varying maturities of product and production systems during product development. This helps improve the collaboration between design and production engineers for production preparation.
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| 18. |
- Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad
(författare)
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Data-driven and real-time prediction models for iterative and simulation-driven design processes
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of more complex products has increased dependency on virtual/digital models and emphasized the role of simulations as a means of validation before production. This level of dependency on digital models and simulation togetherwith the customization level and continuous requirement change leads to a large number of iterations in each stage of the product development process. This research, studies such group of products that have multidisciplinary, highly iterative, and simulation-driven design processes. It is shown that these high-level technical products, which are commonly outsourced to suppliers, commonly suffer from a long development lead time. The literature points to several research tracks including design automation and data-driven design with possible support. After studying the advantages and disadvantages of each track, a data-driven approachis chosen and studied through two case studies leading to two supporting tools that are expected to improve the development lead time in associated design processes. Feature extraction in CAD as a way to facilitate metamodeling is proposed as the first solution. This support uses the concept of the medial axis to find highly correlated features that can be used in regression models. As for the second supporting tool, an automated CAD script is used to produce a library of images associated with design variants. Dynamic relaxation is used to label each variant with its finite element solution output. Finally, the library is used to train a convolutions neural network that maps screenshots of CAD as input to finite element field answers as output. Both supporting tools can be used to create real-time prediction models in the early conceptual phases of the product development process to explore design space faster and reduce lead time and cost.
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| 19. |
- Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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System properties to address the change propagation in product realization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems – Real-life applications. - Clifton, VA : IOS Press. - 9781643681108 - 9781643681115 ; , s. 343-352
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demanding markets and complex products are only some of the reasons that make changes and variations inevitable through different stages of product realization. From early phases of product development to downstream production phase, these changes or variations cause failure either directly or by propagating to other phases, triggering more fluctuations like the well-known butterfly effect. In this paper, first, the definition of changes in product realization will be reviewed and then different papers and their classification on change related system properties (illites) will be discussed and compared. It was argued that considering a system-level view, one could trace these propagations in the systems as a result of not being robust, flexible, or adaptable, etc. Some of the ambiguity in this semantic field demonstrated and most repeated definitions are identified as the unanimous and agreed-upon definitions in the literature. In the end, a historical comparison of the three identified properties presented. The results of this study help us to understand the multidisciplinary nature of these propagations and identify their stemming turbulent environment. This will be used as a foundation for forthcoming research either to prevent these propagations or utilize their attributes in the product realization.
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| 20. |
- Cederfeldt, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Design Automation in SMEs – Current State, Potential, Need and Requirements
- 2005
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Ingår i: ICED05.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study on design automation at eleven small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These have been interviewed on their need of, perceived potential for, current state of, requirements and wishes on, design automation as well as their view on realization and implementation of design automation applications. The companies answers are presented together with an interpreted potential for design automation.
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| 21. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A Design Automation System Supporting Design For Cost – Underlying Method, System Applicability and User Experiences
- 2005
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Ingår i: CE05.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fact that software applications are getting more and more adaptable extends the possibility of in-house developed design systems. This calls for systematic methods that supports system development and ensures system functionality, quality and longevity. For this a number of underlying general criteria are expressed. In this work a method that supports development of automated systems for product design, process plan-ning and cost estimation is introduced. The method has been the foundation on which an automated system for variant design has been developed. The system applicability as a means of gaining cost effective design is presented through studies of: multi-objective optimization, what-if scenarios and sensitivity analyses. The work is completed by an evaluation of the three types of studies, the variant design system, and the underlying method that supports in-house development of automated systems. All this is done with respect to the under-lying general criteria.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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A Task Oriented Approach to Documentation and Knowledge Management of Systems Enabling Design and Manufacture of Highly Customized Products
- 2013
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Ingår i: 20th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614993018 - 9781614993025 ; , s. 119-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapidlygrowing approach in product design and manufacture, with great potential toimprove customer value, is mass customization. The possibility to design andmanufacture highly customer adapted products brings a competitive edge tomanufacturing companies and is in some areas a necessity for doing business. In this paper, an approach for documentation andknowledge management of systems supporting the design and manufacture ofcustomized products is explored. As the governing framework and models are updated and refined due toshifting prerequisite, the system and hence the solutions generated for asingle specification will change over time. This affects product management andthe ability to meet legislation and customers’ requirements regarding documentationand traceability, as well as the company’s ability to provide services,maintenance and supply spare parts. A solution has been developed for an industrialcase with required functionality for capturing, structuring, searching,retrieving, viewing, and editing a system’s embedded information and knowledge.The objective is to enable and facilitate system maintenance and updating andsupport the reuse of functions and system encapsulated generic designdescriptions in future systems.
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| 24. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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An Automated Cost Estimating System for Variant Design Based on the Method of Successive Calculus
- 2003
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Ingår i: ICED03.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many products the adaption to customer specifications is essential and requires flexible product design and manufacture while maintaining competitive pricing. A large category of design work in industry has the character of redesign of an existing product concept in terms of dimensional changes, topology variations and configuration of components. In order to evaluate design proposals, costs, which are controlled by the product design, selected materials and manufacturing processes, need to be estimated. Cost estimates are normally based on the manufacturing process plans, which can only be formed when production preparation is finalised. The widespread industrial use of solid modelling opens up new possibilities to automate this process. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and test a method to extract product information from a CAD model to allow process planning and cost calculation to be carried out automatically for a given class of products. With such a system cost estimates can be made available to the designer the instant a design proposal has been presented. This allows for design iterations to be carried out in order to govern the design work towards solutions with an optimal balance between product and production properties.
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| 25. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Automated engineer-to-order systems – a task-oriented approach to enable traceability of design rationale
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agile Systems and Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-9174 .- 1741-9182. ; 7:3-4, s. 324-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mass customization is a rapidly growing business model that enables companies to deliver products with increased customer value. The ability to design and manufacture highly customer adapted products brings a competitive edge to manufacturing companies and is required for business success in some areas. In this paper, an approach for documentation and knowledge management of systems supporting the design and manufacture of customized products is explored. A system’s encapsulated rules and models have to be updated and refined due to shifting prerequisite and both the system and the solutions generated for a single specification will change over time. These changes affect product management and the ability to meet legislation and customers’ requirements regarding documentation and traceability, as well as the company’s ability to provide services, maintenance and supply spare parts. This work addresses this challenge and introduces a concept with required functionality for capturing, structuring, searching, retrieving, viewing, and editing a system’s embedded information and knowledge. The concept has been developed and applied to a real case in collaboration with a company acting as a sub-supplier in the automotive industry. The objective was to enable and facilitate maintenance and updating of existing system and support the reuse of functions and system encapsulated generic design descriptions in the development of future systems.
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| 26. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Computer Supported Quotation Preparation of Turned Components
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The quotation preparation in the manufacturing industry is very important. From a subcontractor view, it is initiated by a customer request for quotation and precedes the order preparation where detailed manufacturing and cost information are generated. Customers are continuously seeking for lower bids and cost reduction and despite the lack of detailed information a fixed price has to be set. Commonly, subcontractors are also acting on a market where the competition of staying in business and submitting a winning bid is intense and the result of the quotation process has a direct influence on the final business success. Hence, it is essential to enable quotations to be based on a higher level of detailed information and introduce support to increase the efficiency in quotation preparation. The purpose of this work is to investigate, explore, and develop a computerized method, i.e. an application system, to support the process planning and cost estimation in the quotation process. The main objective is to reveal concepts and principles to support application system development and utilization. The results are based on the experiences from a case study at a subcontractor of turned components.
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| 27. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Decision Support in the Quotation Process of Engineered-to-order Products
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 26:1, s. 66-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sub-suppliers acting in the supply chain of the car industry have to adopt a strategy of products customization to be at the competitive edge. This is caused by the diversity of client’s requirements that entails customer engineered products with a high level of variety. A business strategy based on engineered-to-order products requires systems for efficient generation of product variants. This also includes a need of decision support in the order preparation process as well as in the quotation preparation process. Decision support that gives access to detailed and accurate information in the quotation preparation enables a high level of product adaptation while ensuring company efficiency. By the introduction of a design automation system, this can be achieved. However, means to manage different application domains, projects, task knowledge and design information are required together with a possibility to perform detailed analyses on the system generated information. The objective of this work is to contribute in that area. Initially, a number of success criteria were identified and explorative work was conducted for the purpose to develop a conceptual model and principles that an application system would reside upon. The result is a framework consisting of an information model and underlying principles to be used when developing a design automation system for quotation preparation. A system founded on the framework supports management and analysis of quotations and product variants. The functionality and usefulness has been demonstrated and validated by a system implementation developed in collaboration with an industry partner.
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| 28. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Design Platform - A Coherent Model for Management and Use of Mixed Design Assets
- 2017
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering: A Paradigm Shift. - : IOS Press. - 9781614997788 - 9781614997795 ; , s. 703-712
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many companies, it is a challenge to balance product variety and cost, i.e. external and internal efficiency. Product platforms has been the dominant solution for a business targeting mass-customization. The main idea is to dived the product into modules that can be shared among different product variants. This has been a success on the consumer market, however, many manufacturing companies are engineer-to-order (ETO) oriented, such as original equipment suppliers (OES). They design a unique solution, often in close collaboration with other companies, based on different product concepts and/or core technologies. For these companies, there is a strategic need for a platform model influenced by the principles of masscustomization, although, not limited to only include modules. In this work, a novel platform model, called Design Platform is described. The model has been developed and applied in cooperation with four companies. The Design Platform provides a coherent environment for management of heterogeneous design assets to be used in product development and supports an improved ability to master fluctuating requirements and systematic introduction of new technologies.
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| 29. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Documentation and Management of Product Knowledge in Systems for Automated Variant Design : A Case Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: New World Situation - New Directions in Concurrent Engineering. - London : Springer London. - 9780857290236 ; , s. 213-220
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A business strategy based on customized products with a high level of variety requires systems for efficient generation of product variants. The development of a system for automated variant design is a significant investment in time and money. To maintain the system’s usefulness over time, frequent updating of design rules and execution control will normally become a necessity. Significant efforts are required for maintenance and adapting an established system to changes in product technology, new product knowledge, production practices, new customers and so forth. Another important aspect that has been identified, is the reuse of the system encapsulated generic product family descriptions, for example design rules, when developing a new product family. In this paper a case study is presented with the objectives to provide an understanding and an insight into a real industrial case. A focus is put on the documentation and management of product related knowledge for the purpose of revealing problems related to the current state of practice at the company to identify areas for improvements. The results are based on the experiences from a case study at a company with long experience of systems for automated variant design.
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| 30. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Knowledge Modelling and Analysis in Design Automation Systems for Product Configuration
- 2010
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Ingår i: NordDesign 2010. - 9789163370649 ; , s. 257-266
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design automation is an important means for efficient product configuration within an engineer-to-order business strategy. Commonly, the development of a design automation system is an iterative process alternating between top-down and bottom-up approaches. An overall strategy is a necessity for successful system development. However, to successfully structure the design process, retrace all the necessary knowledge and to close gaps in both the process and the knowledge definitions require a complete and detailed understanding of the design problem at hand. The objective with this work is to promote an iterative system development process characterized by the alternation between domain levels and to provide means for ensuring system completeness and functionality. The means introduced in this paper concern knowledge modelling and analysis in design automation systems. An information model, incorporating the concepts KnowledgeObject, Variable and KnowledgeObj_Parameter for knowledge modelling, and a database for the persistent data storage together with the principles of dependencies structure matrices (DSM), supports an iterative system development approach. Further, the quality of a design automation system, in terms of completeness and functionality, can be viewed and analysed continuously during system development, and system deficiencies can be traced by the use of different DSM views.
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| 31. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Object - a Concept for Task Modelling Supporting Design Automation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614994398 - 9781614994404 ; , s. 192-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to design and manufacture highly customer adapted products brings a competitive edge to manufacturing companies acting on a business-to-business market as suppliers to OEMs. A vital means for success in quotation and order preparation is advanced system support in design, process planning and cost estimation based upon the automation of engineering tasks. A design automation system encapsulates these tasks which are to be executed for specific customer specifications in a sequence specified either by a predefined order or resolved by an inference mechanism in run-time. Commonly, the development of a design automation system is an iterative process alternating between a top-down and a bottom-up approaches. An overall strategy is a necessity for successful system development, however, to successfully define the tasks, retrace all the necessary knowledge and to close gaps in both the tasks and the knowledge definitions require a complete and detailed understanding of the specific domain. In this paper, the concept of Knowledge Object is described together with examples of its use in both the development and system realization of design automation systems enabling product customization. The concept has shown to be useful for modelling of design processes, tasks, and engineering knowledge as well as in system development and realization. It also supports traceability and understanding by relations to other concepts describing associated requirements and design rational.
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| 32. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Modeling and management of product knowledge in an engineer-to-order business model
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11), Vol. 6. ; , s. 86-95
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To adopt an engineer-to-order (ETO) business model when competing on a market where competitors’ products are mass-produced is a challenge. However, a competitive edge can be gained if the principles of ETO and mass production successfully can be combined. High level of customer adaptation requires systems for efficient generation of product variants with associated specifications for automated manufacturing. To maintain these systems’s usefulness over time, frequent updating will normally become a necessity. Of equal importance, is the reuse of the system encapsulated generic product family objects when developing a new product family. In this paper a case study is presented with the main objective to provide a system foundation for modeling and management of product knowledge supporting reuse, expansion and maintenance of system embedded objects. One of the central parts of the framework is the Meta-Knowledge Containers, labeled Descriptions for the case company. A Description contains both a definition of system embedded objects as well as the rationale behind their design. Traceability is gained by linking of Descriptions, individually and to documents, models and items.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Platform Models for Agile Customization – What's Beyond Modularization?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering Methods for Social Innovation of Industry 4.0. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998976 - 9781614998983 ; , s. 371-380
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many manufacturing companies are suppliers that deliver unique solutions to different business customers. Intense quotation work, with a high demand on accuracy and quick response, and development projects executed in close collaboration with customers and other actors characterize these companies. The projects can run for years or a few weeks depending on the business. Changes of requirements are frequent and technology development required for improved functionality, sustainability and competitiveness. The use of a product platform has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for product family development and mass customization. However, companies struggle with adopting the common platform approach building upon pre-defined modules and components as it constraints the fulfilment of unique customer requirements and the introduction of new technology at high pace. This work reports the results from case studies conducted in collaboration with four companies. They are in many ways different but face the same challenges when it comes to customization, fluctuating requirements and need of high pace in technology advancement. The focus of this paper is on their initial states; including how they work with their product concept before the customer entry point, the work that is initiated when an order is accepted, the character of requirements and the adoption of product platforms. Criteria on, and identification of, new platforms models, termed Design Assets, are presented followed by a mapping to the Design Platform concept pointing out areas upcoming work, both scientifically and at the companies.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Supporting Management and Analysis of Quotations in a Design Automation Approach to Customization
- 2010
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Ingår i: New World Situation - New Directions in Concurrent Engineering. - London : Springer London. - 9780857290236 ; , s. 401-409
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A business strategy based on customized products with a high level of variety requires systems for efficient generation of product variants. An area identified in near collaboration with five industrial partners that has not been subject for extensive research is how to support management of different application domains, projects, task knowledge and design information together with the possibility to perform detailed analyses on the data generated by a design automation system implementation. Initially, a number of success criteria were identified and the functionality of a database was perceived as a promising approach. Explorative work was conducted for the purpose to reveal the conceptual model and the principles that a system would reside upon. The work has resulted in an approach, consisting of an information model and underlying principles, presented in this paper to be used when developing a design automation system for quotation preparation. The functionality and usefulness has been demonstrated and validated by a system implementation developed in collaboration with an industry partner. It can be concluded that a system founded on the presented approach supports management and analysis of quotations and product variants.
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| 37. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Supporting Management and Maintenance of Manufacturing Knowledge in Design Automation Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 22:4, s. 445-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many companies base their business strategy on customized products. To enable a high level of product adaptation in an engineer-to-order approach companies invest time and resources to develop design automation systems. Initially, when implementing a design automation system, the focus is on successfully developing a system that generates design variants based on different customer specifications (i.e. the execution of system embedded knowledge and system output). However, in the long run, two important aspects are the management and maintenance of the knowledge that governs the designs. Further, the increasing emphasis on deploying a holistic view of a product’s properties and functions implies an increasing number of life-cycle requirements. The knowledge to adapt the product to fulfil these requirements should also be used and consequently incorporated into the knowledge-base, allowing for correct decisions to be made. In a system for automated variant design, the implications on the product of these life-cycle requirements have to be expressed as algorithms, production rules and/or computational statements to be intertwined with the design calculations. The number of requirements can be significantly large, and the knowledge scattered over different application systems used for the realisation of the design automation system. This makes it difficult to manage and maintain the system as the product life-cycle environment changes and evolves. In this article, the focus is on the requirements related to manufacturing. For that, an approach for the modelling of manufacturing requirements, supporting both knowledge execution and information management, in systems for automated variant design is introduced. The approach has been applied and refined when developing a design automation system in cooperation with a company to demonstrate and verify the approach’s usability.
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| 38. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Supporting Quotation Preparation by Process and Knowledge Modeling : Principles and Concepts for Automation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, IDETC/CIE 2011, August 29-31, 2011, Washington, DC, USA. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791854792 ; , s. 749-758
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcontractors are commonly involved in several quotation processes and new requests for quotation are continuously received from clients. To be able to respond with feasible design solutions at competitive price, new ways of working has to be adopted, especially when it comes to quotation preparation. High levels of accuracy of the preliminary design solutions and the cost estimations generated in the quotation process are a necessity. The purpose of this work is to investigate, explore, and develop a computerized method to support quotation preparation. The main objectives are to reveal concepts and principles to support application system development and evaluate the applicability of automated quotation preparation. The results are based on experiences from a case study at a sub-supplier to the car industry. In the case study, a design automation system for quotation preparation of seat heaters was developed. The system supports the pursuit of a valid design solution and the best solution in the individual case enabling the company to respond quickly with a competitive price when receiving a new request. In this paper, principles and concepts supporting system development are introduced and the system’s applicability as a means in quotation preparation explored.
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| 39. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting Traceability of Design Rationale in an Automated Engineer-To-Order Business Model
- 2012
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Ingår i: DS 70: Proceedings of DESIGN 2012, the 12th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 9789537738174 ; , s. 1425-1434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to efficiently and quickly design and manufacture highly customized product can provide a competitive advantage for companies acting on a market with shifting customer demands. A business model based on highly customized product requires advanced application systems for automating the work of generating product variants based on different customer specification. The establishment of a system for automated design and production preparation is a significant investment in time and money and is expected to give revenues over many years. To maintain a design automation system’s usefulness over time, frequent updating of design rules and execution control will normally become a necessity. Reuse of the system encapsulated generic product family descriptions when developing a new product family is also perceived to significantly increase the efficiency in system development. The scope and the purpose of this research originate from industrial problems and needs which have been identified within research projects carried out in near collaboration with industrial partners. New concepts, perceived as prescriptive models, are in this work introduced, evaluated, and refined which is in accordance with the design modelling approach [Duffy, Andreasen, 1995]. The focus of this paper is a case study carried out at a company with long experience of systems for automated variant design. The main objective is to provide a system foundation for modelling and management of product knowledge in design automation systems to support reuse, expansion and maintenance.
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| 40. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Towards an Integrated System Foundation for Quotation Preparation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Design2010, May 17-20, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 9789537738075 ; , s. 1493-1502
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcontractors are frequently involved in quotation processes and the main objective of this work is to provide an integrated system foundation for quotation preparation that enables detailed analyses of product, process, and cost information. The technology, models and principles for successful system realization are described and a case example illustrating system functionality and utilization introduced. The system foundation enables flexible access to stored information supporting analyses across orders and product variants as well as on a more detailed level for individual product items.
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| 41. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Traceability in engineer-to-order businesses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Systems engineering in research and industrial practice. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030333119 - 9783030333126 ; , s. 115-145
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapidly growing strategy in product design and manufacture, with great potential to improve customer value, is mass-customization. The main idea is to divide the product into modules that can be shared among different product variants. This will support a wide range of options for the end customer to select among, while an internal efficiency, similar to mass-production, can be achieved. This has been a success for many companies acting on the consumer market. However, many manufacturing companies are engineer-to-order (ETO) oriented, such as original equipment suppliers (OES). They design a unique solution, often in close collaboration with other companies. The solution can then be manufactured in different quantities depending on the client’s need. For these companies, there is a strategic need for developing high quality engineering support to further utilize and exploit the information and knowledge produced during product development and to succeed with a strategy influenced by the principles of mass-customization. This has to include the implementation and management of systems enabling highly custom-engineered products to be efficiently designed and manufactured. One challenge when introducing such flexible support is to enable traceability of decisions taken, tasks executed, knowledge used and artefacts developed throughout the whole lifecycle of an individual product. In this chapter, it is shown that traceability can be achieved by introducing support for capturing, structuring and mapping between decisions and resulting outputs, such as geometrical building blocks, knowledge implemented as rules, and the argumentation for the selection, design and specification of these. Three examples are presented where the concept Design Description has been modelled based on an item-oriented, a task-oriented, and a decision-oriented perspective which show the generality of the Design Description concept. The three examples demonstrate how to use the Design Description to enable traceability in platform design, product design, and manufacturing development processes.
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| 42. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Traceability of decisions in product realization processes of custom engineered products
- 2018
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Ingår i: DS92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 249-260
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Custom engineered products require an engineer-to-order approach in development, quotation preparation and order processing. This work reports the result of a three-and-a-half-year project were the objective was to develop means for implementation and management of computer support for engineering design and production engineering of customized products. Efficient re-use is essential for success and decision is identified as the core concept to trace tasks executed, knowledge used, design rationale and artefacts developed throughout the product realization process.
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| 43. |
- Fasolo, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of DFMEA and PFMEA for enhanced co-development of product and production
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). - : IEEE. - 9781665437721 ; , s. 1546-1550
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work strives to support companies overcoming their challenges in the New Product Development (NPD) by enhancing the co-development of product and production with the integration of Design and Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (respectively DFMEA and PFMEA). A literature review and a case study with two Swedish manufacturing companies help identifying challenges and opportunities to integrate DFMEA and PFMEA reviewing companies’ templates and guidelines and performing two workshops. The results contribute to the knowledge in the field of co-development of product and production.
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| 44. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Extended CAD-models – State of Practice within Three Companies
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEM2017, International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 10-13 December, 2017, Singapore. - : IEEE. ; , s. 1089-1093
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product platforms and product family design have been recognized as successful methods to enable masscustomization strategies. However, companies working with products where pre-defined product variants are not feasible require a more generic platform with re-usable components as well as engineering resources. Extended CAD-models is an approach where CAD-models are utilized as carriers of information to support re-usability of both geometric content and engineering activities, decreasing product development lead-time and enabling the definition of a product family within Engineer-To-Order business contexts. The following paper presents the approach in more detail and the results of a multi-case study where three Swedish industrial companies were interviewed. Results show that all companies store information within the CAD-models to support re-usability. Several challenges were expressed such as managing responsibilities and modeling flexible CAD-models. Future trends involve the concept, but to which extent is not clear.
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| 45. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
-
Extended design assets enabling automated tool development as a part of a product platform approach
- 2018
-
Ingår i: DS92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 757-768
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product platform development is a well-established approach for reusing product knowledge in the form of geometry and its configuration rules and constraints. Explicitly defining all platform components is not always possible however. This is why a product platform approach where the processes of realising platform components also are supported is needed, instead of exclusively relying on their results. The work presented here works toward this, with a focus on automated tool development enabled by extending design assets from different tools.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Heikkinen, Tim
(författare)
-
Extended product models supporting multidisciplinary design automation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Manufacturing organizations often pursue the ability to efficiently and effectively provide custom products for its competitive advantage. Research has shown product configuration to be an effective way of achieving this goal through a modularization, product platform, and product family development approach. A core assumption behind this approach is that the module variants and their constraints are explicitly pre-defined as product knowledge. This is not always the case, however. Many companies require extensive engineering to develop each module variant but cannot afford to do so proactively to meet potential customer requirements within a predictable future. Instead, they attempt to implicitly define the module variants in terms of the process in which they can be realized. In this way, manufacturing companies develop module variants on demand efficiently and effectively when customer requirements are better defined, as justified by the increased probability of profiting from the outcome.Design automation (DA), in its broadest definition, refers to computerized engineering support that efficiently and effectively utilizes pre-planned reusable assets to progress a design process. The literature has reported several successful implementations of DA, but especially widespread higher levels of automation are yet to be seen. One DA approach involves the explicit representation of engineering process and product knowledge in the engineers preferred formats, such as computer scripts, parametric geometry models, and template spreadsheets. These design assets are developed using various computer tools, maintained within the different disciplines involved, such as design, simulation, or manufacturing, and are dependent on each other through the product model. To implement, utilize, and manage DA systems in or across multiple disciplines, it is important to understand how the disciplinary design assets depend on each other throughout the product model and how these relations should be constructed to support users without negatively affecting other aspects, such as modeling flexibility, system transparency, and software tool independence.To support the successful implementation and management of DA systems, this work focuses on understanding how digital product model constituents are, can, and, to some extent, should be extended to concretize relations toward and between design assets from different tools and disciplines. This research consists of interviews with Swedish industrial companies, technical reviews, literature reviews, and prototype developments, resulting in an increased understanding and the consequent development of a framework that highlights aspects regarding the choice and development of extension techniques.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating Design for Additive Manufacturing in Multidisciplinary Design Automation – Challenges Identified
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computer-Aided Design and Applications. - : CAD Solutions. - 1686-4360. ; 17:5, s. 936-947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One interesting method to take advantage of the particular capabilities of Additive Manufacturing is to utilize a combination of lattice-structures and topology optimization. This paper presents the results and experiences from attempting to incorporate these in an existing multidisciplinary design automation system within the aerospace industry. A combined state of art and practice is outlined with discussions regarding challenges in current commercial CAD tools, multidisciplinary design automation, and with respect to aerospace requirements.
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| 50. |
- Heikkinen, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary design automation – A conceptual framework for working with product model extensions
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agile Systems and Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-9174 .- 1741-9182. ; 13:1, s. 28-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design automation can be used to support efficient information handling and knowledge processing in computer-based product modelling, as well as make possible new design exploration and optimisation capabilities. To be able to utilise and manage design automation systems over time, it is important to understand how the disciplinary methods and models are dependent on each other through the product model constituents and then how these relations should be built to support maintenance, leveraging and future reuse. Awareness of the concrete representation of relations could support the system's traceability and transparency, and depending on the chosen technique, comprehension and extendability can be affected. This paper presents a conceptual framework for how a set of product model constituents are, can and to some extent, should be extended to define relations in multidisciplinary design automation systems.
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