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- Berglund, L, et al.
(författare)
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Heme oxygenase inhibitors transiently increase serum ferritin concentrations without altering other acute-phase reactants in man
- 1999
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Ingår i: Pharmacology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0031-7012 .- 1423-0313. ; 59:1, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sn protoporphyrin (SnPP) and Sn mesoporphyrin (SnMP), potent inhibitors of heme oxygenase (HO), significantly suppress bilirubin production, lower serum and biliary bilirubin levels and increase biliary heme output in animals and man. In this study, 20 healthy volunteers, 7 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 4 patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis were treated with SnPP and 4 healthy volunteers with SnMP. In all cases, serum ferritin levels increased substantially but transiently after administration of these HO inhibitors. Values returned to baseline within a few days. Infusion of hematin in 4 healthy volunteers did not significantly affect ferritin levels. No increases occurred in 7 other acute-phase reactants. The observation that these HO inhibitors transiently increase serum ferritin levels implies a link between ferritin, iron metabolism and HO activity which may be usefully explored in disorders of iron metabolism.
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- Hagstromer, L, et al.
(författare)
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Do urea and sodium chloride together increase the efficacy of moisturisers for atopic dermatitis Skin? A comparative, double-blind and randomised study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Skin pharmacology and applied skin physiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1422-2868. ; 14:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urea has long been used to treat dry skin. In the present report, we compared two creams, identical with the exception that one contained both urea and sodium chloride and the other urea alone, in 22 patients with atopic dermatitis. Following a 2-week wash-out period, their clinically non-eczematous, rough or normal-appearing skin on the forearms was treated twice daily in a double-blind and randomised manner. We examined the treated areas by measuring transepidermal water loss, capacitance and electrical impedance. Our findings suggest that a moisturiser containing both urea and sodium chloride seems somewhat more effective than the same moisturiser without sodium chloride, at least concerning the ability to reverse impedance indices of atopic skin towards normal, an effect ascribed mainly to changes in hydration of the stratum corneum. However, the clinical significance of our impedance measurements is somewhat premature to decide.
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- Kuzmina, N, et al.
(författare)
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Urea and sodium chloride in moisturisers for skin of the elderly--a comparative, double-blind, randomised study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Skin pharmacology and applied skin physiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1422-2868. ; 15:3, s. 166-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urea has long been used to treat dry skin. In the present report, we compared two identical creams, with the exception that one contained both urea and sodium chloride and the other urea alone, in 23 healthy elderly subjects. Following a 2-week wash-out, their clinically non-eczematous, rough- or normal-appearing skin on the anterior proximal part of the lower legs was treated twice daily in a double-blind and randomised manner. We examined the treated areas by measuring transepidermal water loss, capacitance and electrical impedance. Our findings suggest that both moisturisers seem equally effective, at least concerning the ability to reverse impedance indices towards normal, an effect ascribed to changes in hydration of the stratum corneum. However, the relevance of the impedance parameters to the clinical picture is disputable and further studies of moisturisers in elderly subjects are needed.
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- Lipsker, D, et al.
(författare)
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The ABC of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Validated Glossary on how to Name Lesions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9832 .- 1018-8665. ; 232:2, s. 137-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> The precise clinical description of skin lesions observed in some patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can be extremely difficult. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Establishing a validated glossary of terms allowing the best possible description of lesions observed in HS patients. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> Five international experts of HS were to assess a series of 25 photos representing typical lesions of this disorder. For each photo, the experts were asked whether naming of the lesions was possible or not and, if yes, by using which noun. Agreement of their responses was calculated using Fleiss's kappa index. Using a Delphi strategy, photos with disagreement were discussed, and photos were reevaluated on the next day. In case of agreement on the impossibility of naming some clinical situations, new terms, to be included into the glossary, were agreed upon. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After the first round of photos, agreement between the experts was poor with a kappa index of only 0.33 (95% CI 0.22-0.46). After extensive discussion of cases with disagreement, the kappa index increased on day 2 to 0.75 (95% CI 0.60-0.87), allowing to conclude on good interobserver agreement on terminology. Furthermore, a few clinical situations were identified in which naming with established semantics is so far not possible. For these situations, the terms ‘multicord', ‘multipore', ‘multitunnel' and ‘retraction' were defined. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> This is the first validation of clinical terms used to describe lesions in patients with HS. This should be helpful in better defining the clinical phenotypes observed in this disorder.
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- Nyren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumental measurement of the Mantoux test: differential effects of tuberculin and sodium lauryl sulphate on impedance response patterns in human skin
- 2000
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Ingår i: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-8665 .- 1421-9832. ; 201:3, s. 212-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background and Objective:</i> The tuberculin (PPD) test is a model reaction for the cell-mediated immune system of the skin. The aim of this study is to compare the non-invasive technique based on electrical impedance for investigation of the tuberculin test with an irritant contact reaction induced by sodium lauryl sulphate, which has already been carefully evaluated using this method. <i>Methods:</i> 0.1 ml of PPD (2 TU) was injected intracutaneously into the volar forearms of 20 adult healthy subjects, all known to be tuberculin sensitized. Assessments were performed 3 and 7 days after the injections, using visual scoring, a new electrical impedance technique and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). <i>Results:</i> In the 16 cases that completed the study, compared to relevant controls and reactions induced by sodium lauryl sulphate statistically significant changes in 3 of the 4 impedance indices were found: both the means of index MIX and index IMIX increased (p ≤ 0.01) and the mean of index PIX decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, similar impedance response patterns occurred in another cell- mediated immune reaction that we have studied previously – namely, the allergic contact reaction induced by nickel sulphate. Unlike the irritant reactions, no significant increase in TEWL values in tuberculin reactions were found. This can be explained by the fact that the epidermis is little affected, since the inflammatory process in the tuberculin reaction is located more deeply in the dermis than with the irritant reaction. <i>Conclusion:</i> The current study strongly indicates that electrical impedance in the described version, besides contact dermatitis, also seems suitable for studies of the tuberculin reaction. This will add a new indication for the technique, and studies of further clinical applications are in progress.
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- Saunte, D. M. L., et al.
(författare)
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A survey among dermatologists: diagnostics of superficial fungal infections - what is used and what is needed to initiate therapy and assess efficacy?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 33:2, s. 421-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Superficial fungal infections are common. It is important to confirm the clinical diagnosis by mycological laboratory methods before initiating systemic antifungal treatment, especially as antifungal sensitivity and in vitro susceptibility may differ between different genera and species. For many years, the gold standard for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections has been direct fungal detection in the clinical specimen (microscopy) supplemented by culturing. Lately, newer molecular based methods for fungal identification have been developed. Objective This study was initiated to focus on the current usage of mycological diagnostics for superficial fungal infections by dermatologists. It was designed to investigate whether it was necessary to differentiate between initial diagnostic tests and those used at treatment follow-up in specific superficial fungal infections. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed among members of the EADV mycology Task Force and other dermatologists with a special interest in mycology and nail disease. Results The survey was distributed to 62 dermatologists of whom 38 (61%) completed the whole survey, 7 (11%) partially completed and 17 (27%) did not respond. Nearly, all respondents (82-100%) said that ideally they would use the result of direct microscopy (or histology) combined with a genus/species directed treatment of onychomycosis, dermatophytosis, Candida- and Malassezia-related infections. The majority of the dermatologists used a combination of clinical assessment and direct microscopy for treatment assessment and the viability of the fungus was considered more important at this visit than when initiating the treatment. Molecular based methods were not available for all responders. Conclusion The available diagnostic methods are heterogeneous and their usage differs between different practices as well as between countries. The survey confirmed that dermatologists find it important to make a mycological diagnosis, particularly prior to starting oral antifungal treatment in order to confirm the diagnose and target the therapy according to genus and species.
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- Emtestam, L, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical impedance of nodular basal cell carcinoma: a pilot study
- 1998
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Ingår i: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-8665 .- 1421-9832. ; 197:4, s. 313-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previously, we have explored the use of measurements of electrical impedance and devised 4 physically distinct indices named magnitude index (MIX), phase index, real part index and imaginary part index (IMIX) from the impedance data. Our results indicated that these indices could characterize contact reactions. Objective: The goal of the present study was to use the electrical impedance method for the preoperative assessment of nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods: We included 11 patients with a total of 12 nodular BCC, diagnosed clinically and histologically. The noninvasive measurements were performed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical impedance. For reference, normal looking contralateral or ipsilateral skin was used. Results: Compared to controls, the mean TEWL of BCC was increased, but this finding was not statistically significant. The electrical impedance measurements of BCC tissue revealed statistically significant changes of the impedance indices MIX and IMIX (p ≤0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that the measurement of electrical impedance might become useful for investigations of BCC.
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- Feldreich, N, et al.
(författare)
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Photochemotherapy and Graft-versus-Leukemia Reaction in Acute Leukemia: Tumor Immunity and Survival Are Dependent on Timing of Photochemotherapy of the Skin
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9832 .- 1018-8665. ; 233:4, s. 303-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Cure of acute leukemia after transplantation is mediated by the grafted cells. We investigated the graft-versus-leukemia effect (GVL) in patients with cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) treated with photochemotherapy (psoralen and ultraviolet light type A). <b><i>Method:</i></b> Forty-seven patients with acute leukemia were followed 5,000 days after transplantation to assess survival and GVL by multivariate analysis. The primary predictor was time to treatment of cutaneous acute GVHD by photochemotherapy separated into treatment start during the first week of acute GVHD versus after the first week of acute GVHD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Photochemotherapy started after the first week of acute GVHD predicted GVL with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.94 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.67-9.33, <i>p</i> = 0.0018) and survival with preserved GVL with an HR of 2.63 (95% CI 1.30-5.32, <i>p</i> = 0.007). The effects on GVL and survival with preserved GVL were present regardless of whether the patients were transplanted in remission or relapse (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Chronic GVHD came earlier in the group that started photochemotherapy after 1 week of acute GHVD, but chronic GVHD did not increase the GVL. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The timing of photochemotherapy after cutaneous acute GVHD may direct the GVL and predict long-term leukemia-free survival.
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