| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Anna E, et al.
(författare)
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The role of estrogen receptor-alpha and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 302:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Borjesson AE, Windahl SH, Karimian E, Eriksson EE, Lagerquist MK, Engdahl C, Antal MC, Krust A, Chambon P, Savendahl L, Ohlsson C. The role of estrogen receptor-alpha and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E1381-E1389, 2012. First published March 13, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00646.2011.-High estradiol levels in late puberty induce growth plate closure and thereby cessation of growth in humans. In mice, the growth plates do not fuse after sexual maturation, but old mice display reduced longitudinal bone growth and high-dose estradiol treatment induces growth plate closure. Estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha stimulates gene transcription via two activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2. To evaluate the role of ER alpha and its AF-1 for age-dependent reduction in longitudinal bone growth and growth plate closure, female mice with inactivation of ER alpha (ER alpha(-/-)) or ER alpha AF-1 (ER alpha AF-1(0)) were evaluated. Old (16- to 19-mo-old) female ER alpha(-/-) mice showed continued substantial longitudinal bone growth, resulting in longer bones (tibia: +8.3%, P < 0.01) associated with increased growth plate height (+18%, P < 0.05) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the longitudinal bone growth ceased in old ER alpha AF-1(0) mice (tibia: -4.9%, P < 0.01). Importantly, the proximal tibial growth plates were closed in all old ER alpha AF-1(0) mice while they were open in all WT mice. Growth plate closure was associated with a significantly altered balance between chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the growth plate. In conclusion, old female ER alpha(-/-) mice display a prolonged and enhanced longitudinal bone growth associated with increased growth plate height, resembling the growth phenotype of patients with inactivating mutations in ER alpha or aromatase. In contrast, ER alpha AF-1 deletion results in a hyperactive ER alpha, altering the chondrocyte proliferation/apoptosis balance, leading to growth plate closure. This suggests that growth plate closure is induced by functions of ER alpha that do not require AF-1 and that ER alpha AF-1 opposes growth plate closure.
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| 3. |
- Caporale, N., et al.
(författare)
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From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375:6582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay. © 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lindgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Interpreting melanin-based coloration through deep time : A critical Review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : Royal Society of London. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 282:1813
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colour, derived primarily from melanin and/or carotenoid pigments, is integral to many aspects of behaviour in living vertebrates, including social signalling, sexual display and crypsis. Thus, identifying biochromes in extinct animals can shed light on the acquisition and evolution of these biological traits. Both eumelanin and melanin-containing cellular organelles (melanosomes) are preserved in fossils, but recognizing traces of ancient melanin-based coloration is fraught with interpretative ambiguity, especially when observations are based on morphological evidence alone. Assigning microbodies (or, more often reported, their ‘mouldic impressions’) as melanosome traces without adequately excluding a bacterial origin is also problematic because microbes are pervasive and intimately involved in organismal degradation. Additionally, some forms synthesize melanin. In this review, we survey both vertebrate and microbial melanization, and explore the conflicts influencing assessment of microbodies preserved in association with ancient animal soft tissues.We discuss the types of data used to interpret fossil melanosomes and evaluate whether these are sufficient for definitive diagnosis. Finally, we outline an integrated morphological and geochemical approach for detecting endogenous pigment remains and associated microstructures in multimillion-year-old fossils.
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| 8. |
- Movérare-Skrtic, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Osteoblast-derived WNT16 represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents cortical bone fragility fractures.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 20:11, s. 1279-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WNT16 locus is a major determinant of cortical bone thickness and nonvertebral fracture risk in humans. The disability, mortality and costs caused by osteoporosis-induced nonvertebral fractures are enormous. We demonstrate here that Wnt16-deficient mice develop spontaneous fractures as a result of low cortical thickness and high cortical porosity. In contrast, trabecular bone volume is not altered in these mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that WNT16 is osteoblast derived and inhibits human and mouse osteoclastogenesis both directly by acting on osteoclast progenitors and indirectly by increasing expression of osteoprotegerin (Opg) in osteoblasts. The signaling pathway activated by WNT16 in osteoclast progenitors is noncanonical, whereas the pathway activated in osteoblasts is both canonical and noncanonical. Conditional Wnt16 inactivation revealed that osteoblast-lineage cells are the principal source of WNT16, and its targeted deletion in osteoblasts increases fracture susceptibility. Thus, osteoblast-derived WNT16 is a previously unreported key regulator of osteoclastogenesis and fracture susceptibility. These findings open new avenues for the specific prevention or treatment of nonvertebral fractures, a substantial unmet medical need.
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| 9. |
- Windahl, Sara H, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen Receptor-alpha is required for the Osteogenic Response to mechanical loading in a Ligand-Independent manner involving its activation function 1 but Not 2
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 28:2, s. 291-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) is crucial for the adaptive response of bone to loading but the role of endogenous estradiol (E2) for this response is unclear. To determine in vivo the ligand dependency and relative roles of different ERa domains for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading, gene-targeted mouse models with (1) a complete ERa inactivation (ER alpha(-/-)), (2) specific inactivation of activation function 1 (AF-1) in ER alpha (ER alpha AF-1(0)), or (3) specific inactivation of ER alpha AF-2 (ER alpha AF- 2(0)) were subjected to axial loading of tibia, in the presence or absence (ovariectomy [ovx]) of endogenous E2. Loading increased the cortical bone area in the tibia mainly as a result of an increased periosteal bone formation rate (BFR) and this osteogenic response was similar in gonadal intact and ovx mice, demonstrating that E2 (ligand) is not required for this response. Female ER alpha(-/-) mice displayed a severely reduced osteogenic response to loading with changes in cortical area (-78% +/- 15%, p < 0.01) and periosteal BFR (-81% +/- 9%, p < 0.01) being significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) mice. ER alpha AF-1(0) mice also displayed a reduced response to mechanical loading compared with WT mice (cortical area -40% +/- 11%, p < 0.05 and periosteal BFR -41% +/- 8%, p < 0.01), whereas the periosteal osteogenic response to loading was unaffected in ER alpha AF-2(0) mice. Mechanical loading of transgenic estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter mice did not increase luciferase expression in cortical bone, suggesting that the loading response does not involve classical genomic ERE-mediated pathways. In conclusion, ERa is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in a ligand-independent manner involving AF-1 but not AF-2. (C) 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 10. |
- Zhu, Qiushi, et al.
(författare)
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Correlating structure and electronic band-edge properties in organolead halide perovskites nanoparticles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:22, s. 14933-14940
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After having emerged as primary contenders in the race for highly efficient optoelectronics materials, organolead halide perovskites (OHLP) are now being investigated in the nanoscale regime as promising building blocks with unique properties. For example, unlike their bulk counterpart, quantum dots of OHLP are brightly luminescent, owing to large exciton binding energies that cannot be rationalized solely on the basis of quantum confinement. Here, we establish the direct correlation between the structure and the electronic band-edge properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoparticles. Complementary structural and spectroscopic measurements probing long-range and local order reveal that lattice strain influences the nature of the valence band and modifies the subtle stereochemical activity of the Pb2+ lone-pair. More generally, this work demonstrates that the stereochemical activity of the lone-pair at the metal site is a specific physicochemical parameter coupled to composition, size and strain, which can be employed to engineer novel functionalities in OHLP nanomaterials.
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| 11. |
- Al-Khalili, F, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of individuals aged 75/76 years old with screening-detected elevated NT-proBNP levels
- 2020
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Ingår i: Open heart. - : BMJ. - 2053-3624. ; 7:1, s. e001200-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High plasma levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) indicate increased probability of congestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and are associated with poor prognosis.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of a population of individuals aged 75/76 years old with NT-proBNP ≥900 ng/L without previously known CHF or AF.MethodsAll individuals aged 75/76 years in the Stockholm region were randomised to a screening study for AF. Half of them were invited to screening. Of those invited, 49.5% agreed to participate. Individuals with NT-proBNP ≥900 ng/L without known CHF were invited for further clinical evaluation.ResultsAmong 6315 participants without AF who had NT-proBNP sampled, 102 without previously known CHF had ≥900 ng/L. Of these, 93 completed further clinical investigations. In the population that was clinically investigated, 53% were female, and the median NT-proBNP was 1200 ng/L. New AF was found in 28 (30%). The NT-proBNP value in this group was not significantly different from those where AF was not detected (median 1285 vs 1178 ng/L). Patients with newly detected AF had larger left atrial volume and higher pulmonary artery pressure than those without AF. Preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) was found in 86% of the participants, mid-range ejection fraction (40%–49%) in 3.2% and reduced ejection fraction (<40%) in 10.8%. Thirteen patients (14%) had other serious cardiac disorders that required medical attention.ConclusionElderly individuals with NT-proBNP levels ≥900 ng/L constitute a population at high cardiovascular risk even in the absence of diagnosed CHF or AF, and therefore merit further investigation.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Aune, S, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in the hospital organisation of CPR training and outcome after cardiac arrest in Sweden during a 10-year period
- 2011
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 82:4, s. 431-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe (a) changes in the organisation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the treatment of cardiac arrest in hospital in Sweden and (b) the clinical achievement, i.e. survival and cerebral function, among survivors after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Sweden. Methods Aspects of CPR training among health care providers (HCPs) and treatment of IHCA in Sweden were evaluated in 3 national surveys (1999, 2003 and 2008). Patients with IHCA are recorded in a National Register covering two thirds of Swedish hospitals. Results The proportion of hospitals with a CPR coordinator increased from 45% in 1999 to 93% in 2008. The majority of co-ordinators are nurses. The proportions of hospitals with local guidelines for acceptable delays from cardiac arrest to the start of CPR and defibrillation increased from 48% in 1999 to 88% in 2008. The proportion of hospitals using local defibrillation outside intensive care units prior to arrival of rescue team increased from 55% in 1999 to 86% in 2008. During the past 4 years in Sweden, survival to hospital discharge has been 29%. Among survivors, 93% have a cerebral performance category (CPC) score of I or II, indicating acceptable cerebral function. Conclusion During the last 10 years, there was a marked improvement in CPR training and treatment of IHCA in Sweden. During the past 4 years, survival after IHCA is high and the majority of survivors have acceptable cerebral function.
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| 14. |
- Austrin, L., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of switching losses in magnetic amplifiers as an alternative to IGBT switching technologies
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives. - : IEE. - 9780863419003 ; , s. 250-254
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In future more electric aircraft (MEA) applications increased requirements of power levels stress the importance of low losses in converters and switching elements. In this work the losses of transistor switches are analysed and compared with the losses in magnetic amplifiers (Magamp) where amorphous alloy properties allows design of competitive devices. More Electric Aircraft technology can take advantage of this to accomplish compact, robust and reliable systems with low losses. Magamps are already used in the power supply of the Electronic Flight Control System in the Swedish "Gripen" fighter-aircraft. This paper presents a comparison between Magamp technology and an alternative Insulated Gate Bi-polar Transistor (IGBT) design. The study is concentrated on the power losses in a proposed 10 kW converter with ± 270 VDC (540 VDC) regulated output, where the fundamental difference between the switching elements is that the magnetic switch handles AC and the IGBT handles DC. To allow comparison, the copper and magnetic losses in the magnetic switch of the magnetic amplifier are considered as equivalent to the switching and conduction losses in the IGBT. The comparison is based on the sum of losses in power converters comprising six switching elements.
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| 15. |
- Benbouzid, M. E. H., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic modelling of giant magnetostriction in Terfenol-D rods by the finite element method
- 1995
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on magnetics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 31, s. 1821-1824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a contribution to the development of methods for the design and the analysis of devices based on giant magnetostrictive materials, a model for the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the nonlinear magnetoelastic medium is presented. The coupled magnetic, magnetoelastic and mechanical equations that describe the magnetostrictive problem are solved by means of the finite element method. The thin sheets bending principle (surface splines) is used to introduce in the simulation the nonlinear properties of giant magnetostrictive materials, obtained by static characterizations
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| 16. |
- Bissal, Ara, et al.
(författare)
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On the design of a linear composite magnetic damper
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479973224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, ultra-fast actuators have become key elements in the development of high voltage direct current (HVDC) breakers for multiterminal grids which represent a huge progress in modern power transmission [1]. After fulfilling their operation these actuators need to be decelerated using controllable forces to avoid deforming vital components incorporated in the system. In this paper, a dedicated damper is proposed based on a magnet array that induces eddy currents in a composite metal tube resulting in an efficient braking response. Several topologies are investigated by simulations and experiments. The theory behind eddy current damping is explained in [2]. The main requirements for such dampers are reliability, robustness, and ease of construction. The expected durability of these kind of dampers is longer than the breaker itself which guarantees extremely good reliability within HVDC systems.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Borjesson, AE, et al.
(författare)
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The role of estrogen receptor-α and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1555 .- 0193-1849. ; 302:11, s. E1381-E1389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High estradiol levels in late puberty induce growth plate closure and thereby cessation of growth in humans. In mice, the growth plates do not fuse after sexual maturation, but old mice display reduced longitudinal bone growth and high-dose estradiol treatment induces growth plate closure. Estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulates gene transcription via two activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2. To evaluate the role of ERα and its AF-1 for age-dependent reduction in longitudinal bone growth and growth plate closure, female mice with inactivation of ERα (ERα−/−) or ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-10) were evaluated. Old (16- to 19-mo-old) female ERα−/−mice showed continued substantial longitudinal bone growth, resulting in longer bones (tibia: +8.3%, P < 0.01) associated with increased growth plate height (+18%, P < 0.05) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the longitudinal bone growth ceased in old ERαAF-10mice (tibia: −4.9%, P < 0.01). Importantly, the proximal tibial growth plates were closed in all old ERαAF-10mice while they were open in all WT mice. Growth plate closure was associated with a significantly altered balance between chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the growth plate. In conclusion, old female ERα−/−mice display a prolonged and enhanced longitudinal bone growth associated with increased growth plate height, resembling the growth phenotype of patients with inactivating mutations in ERα or aromatase. In contrast, ERαAF-1 deletion results in a hyperactive ERα, altering the chondrocyte proliferation/apoptosis balance, leading to growth plate closure. This suggests that growth plate closure is induced by functions of ERα that do not require AF-1 and that ERαAF-1 opposes growth plate closure.
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| 21. |
- Börjesson, Anna E, et al.
(författare)
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Roles of transactivating functions 1 and 2 of estrogen receptor-alpha in bone.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 108:15, s. 6288-6293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone-sparing effect of estrogen is primarily mediated via estrogen receptor-α (ERα), which stimulates target gene transcription through two activation functions (AFs), AF-1 in the N-terminal and AF-2 in the ligand binding domain. To evaluate the role of ERα AF-1 and ERα AF-2 for the effects of estrogen in bone in vivo, we analyzed mouse models lacking the entire ERα protein (ERα(-/-)), ERα AF-1 (ERαAF-1(0)), or ERα AF-2 (ERαAF-2(0)). Estradiol (E2) treatment increased the amount of both trabecular and cortical bone in ovariectomized (OVX) WT mice. Neither the trabecular nor the cortical bone responded to E2 treatment in OVX ERα(-/-) or OVX ERαAF-2(0) mice. OVX ERαAF-1(0) mice displayed a normal E2 response in cortical bone but no E2 response in trabecular bone. Although E2 treatment increased the uterine and liver weights and reduced the thymus weight in OVX WT mice, no effect was seen on these parameters in OVX ERα(-/-) or OVX ERαAF-2(0) mice. The effect of E2 in OVX ERαAF-1(0) mice was tissue-dependent, with no or weak E2 response on thymus and uterine weights but a normal response on liver weight. In conclusion, ERα AF-2 is required for the estrogenic effects on all parameters evaluated, whereas the role of ERα AF-1 is tissue-specific, with a crucial role in trabecular bone and uterus but not cortical bone. Selective ER modulators stimulating ERα with minimal activation of ERα AF-1 could retain beneficial actions in cortical bone, constituting 80% of the skeleton, while minimizing effects on reproductive organs.
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| 22. |
- Börjesson, Anna E, et al.
(författare)
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SERMs have substance-specific effects on bone, and these effects are mediated via ER alpha AF-1 in female mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 310:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone-sparing effect of estrogens is mediated primarily via estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, which stimulates gene transcription through activation function (AF)-1 and AF-2. The role of ER alpha AF-1 for the estradiol (E-2) effects is tissue specific. The selective ER modulators (SERMs) raloxifene (Ral), lasofoxifene (Las), and bazedoxifene (Bza) can be used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. They all reduce the risk for vertebral fractures, whereas Las and partly Bza, but not Ral, reduce the risk for nonvertebral fractures. Here, we have compared the tissue specificity of Ral, Las, and Bza and evaluated the role of ER alpha AF-1 for the effects of these SERMs, with an emphasis on bone parameters. We treated ovariectomized (OVX) wild-type (WT) mice and OVX mice lacking ER alpha AF-1 (ER alpha AF-1(0)) with E-2, Ral, Las, or Bza. All three SERMs increased trabecular bone mass in the axial skeleton. In the appendicular skeleton, only Las increased the trabecular bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular number, whereas both Ral and Las increased the cortical bone thickness and strength. However, Ral also increased cortical porosity. The three SERMs had only a minor effect on uterine weight. Notably, all evaluated effects of these SERMs were absent in ovx ER alpha AF-1(0) mice. In conclusion, all SERMs had similar effects on axial bone mass. However, the SERMs had slightly different effects on the appendicular skeleton since only Las increased the trabecular bone mass and only Ral increased the cortical porosity. Importantly, all SERM effects require a functional ER alpha AF-1 in female mice. These results could lead to development of more specific treatments for osteoporosis.
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| 23. |
- Börjesson, Anna E, et al.
(författare)
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The role of activation functions 1 and 2 of estrogen receptor-alpha for the effects of estradiol and selective estrogen receptor modulators in male mice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 28:5, s. 1117-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estradiol (E2) is important for male skeletal health and the effect of E2 is mediated via estrogen receptor (ER)-. This was demonstrated by the findings that men with an inactivating mutation in aromatase or a nonfunctional ER had osteopenia and continued longitudinal growth after sexual maturation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of different domains of ER for the effects of E2 and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on bone mass in males. Three mouse models lacking either ERAF-1 (ERAF-10), ERAF-2 (ERAF-20), or the total ER (ER/) were orchidectomized (orx) and treated with E2 or placebo. E2 treatment increased the trabecular and cortical bone mass and bone strength, whereas it reduced the thymus weight and bone marrow cellularity in orx wild type (WT) mice. These parameters did not respond to E2 treatment in orx ER/ or ERAF-20 mirx ERAF-10 mice were tissue-dependent, with a clear response in cortical bone parameters and bone marrow cellularity, but no response in trabecular bone. To determine the role of ERAF-1 for the effects of SERMs, we treated orx WT and ERAF-10 mice with raloxifene (Ral), lasofoxifene (Las), bazedoxifene (Bza), or vehicle. These SERMs increased total body areal bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular volumetric BMD to a similar extent in orx WT mice. Furthermore, only Las increased cortical thickness significantly and only Bza increased bone strength significantly. However, all SERMs showed a tendency toward increased cortical bone parameters. Importantly, all SERM effects were absent in the orx ERAF-10 mice. In conclusion, ERAF-2 is required for the estrogenic effects on all evaluated parameters, whereas the role of ERAF-1 is tissue-specific. All evaluated effects of Ral, Las and Bza are dependent on a functional ERAF-1. Our findings might contribute to the development of bone-specific SERMs in males. (c) 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 24. |
- Cooper, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Snowfall Variability through the High-Latitude Measurement of Snowfall (HiLaMS) Field Campaign
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 103:8, s. E1762-E1780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The High-Latitude Measurement of Snowfall (HiLaMS) campaign explored variability in snowfall properties and processes at meteorologically distinct field sites located in Haukeliseter, Norway, and Kiruna, Sweden, during the winters of 2016/17 and 2017/18, respectively. Campaign activities were founded upon the sensitivities of a low-cost, core instrumentation suite consisting of Micro Rain Radar, Precipitation Imaging Package, and Multi-Angle Snow Camera. These instruments are highly portable to remote field sites and, considered together, provide a unique and complementary set of snowfall observations including snowflake habit, particle size distributions, fall speeds, surface snowfall accumulations, and vertical profiles of radar moments and snow water content. These snow-specific parameters, used in combination with existing observations from the field sites such as snow gauge accumulations and ambient weather conditions, allow for advanced studies of snowfall processes. HiLaMS observations were used to 1) successfully develop a combined radar and in situ microphysical property retrieval scheme to estimate both surface snowfall accumulation and the vertical profile of snow water content, 2) identify the predominant snowfall regimes at Haukeliseter and Kiruna and characterize associated macrophysical and microphysical properties, snowfall production, and meteorological conditions, and 3) identify biases in the HARMONIE-AROME numerical weather prediction model for forecasts of snowfall accumulations and vertical profiles of snow water content for the distinct snowfall regimes observed at the mountainous Haukeliseter site. HiLaMS activities and results suggest value in the deployment of this enhanced snow observing instrumentation suite to new and diverse high-latitude locations that may be underrepresented in climate and weather process studies.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- De La Garza, Randolph Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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An ancestral hard-shelled sea turtle with a mosaic of soft skin and scutes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition from terrestrial to marine environments by secondarily aquatic tetrapods necessitates a suite of adaptive changes associated with life in the sea, e.g., the scaleless skin in adult individuals of the extant leatherback turtle. A partial, yet exceptionally preserved hard-shelled (Pan-Cheloniidae) sea turtle with extensive soft-tissue remains, including epidermal scutes and a virtually complete flipper outline, was recently recovered from the Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. Examination of the fossilized limb tissue revealed an originally soft, wrinkly skin devoid of scales, together with organic residues that contain remnant eumelanin pigment and inferred epidermal transformation products. Notably, this stem cheloniid—unlike its scaly living descendants—combined scaleless limbs with a bony carapace covered in scutes. Our findings show that the adaptive transition to neritic waters by the ancestral pan-chelonioids was more complex than hitherto appreciated, and included at least one evolutionary lineage with a mosaic of integumental features not seen in any living turtle. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 27. |
- E, Sandgren, et al.
(författare)
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Role of baseline 12‑lead ECG in predicting syncope caused by arrhythmia in patients investigated using an implantable loop recorder.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-9067. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the role of baseline 12‑lead ECG in predicting the syncope mechanism during continuous monitoring using an implantable loop recorder (ILR).Consecutive patients with syncope implanted with an ILR were enrolled. Baseline 12‑lead ECG were related to ECG diagnosis derived from ILR tracings recorded at the time of syncope recurrence.In total 300 patients with a mean age of 66±16years were included, 49% (146/300) received an ILR-guided diagnosis during follow-up. Patients with abnormal baseline ECG more frequently received an ILR-guided diagnosis compared to those with normal baseline ECG 59% vs. 44%, p=0.018. For a diagnosis of arrhythmic syncope, the corresponding frequencies were 45% vs. 26%, p=0.001.Patients with bifascicular block significantly more common received an ILR-guided diagnosis 76% (25/33) compared to those with normal baseline ECG 44% (90/205), p≪0.001. In this subgroup, 96% (24/25) were diagnosed with arrhythmic syncope, 23 of which were due to bradyarrhythmia. Bifascicular block occurred almost exclusively among those ≥60years (31/33). After logistic regression the adjusted OR for arrhythmic syncope was significant for bifascicular block 5.5 (95%CI 2.3-13.2), p≪0.001. PPV for bifascicular block in predicting arrhythmic syncope was 73% and NPV 73%.A baseline 12‑lead ECG with bifascicular block was a strong predictor for syncope during follow-up, most often due to bradyarrhythmia caused by intermittent complete heart block. No other ECG findings were associated with the ILR outcome. We find it reasonable to consider permanent pacing instead of an ILR for patients with bifascicular block and unexplained syncope.
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| 28. |
- Engdahl, Cecilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis and immune-associated bone loss through signaling via estrogen receptor alpha, and not estrogen receptor beta or G protein-coupled receptor 30.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Arthritis and rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 62:2, s. 524-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The effects of estrogen may be exerted via the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERalpha or ERbeta or via the recently proposed transmembrane estrogen receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR-30). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ER specificity for the ameliorating effects of estrogen on arthritis and bone loss in a model of postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Female DBA/1 mice underwent ovariectomy or sham operation, and type II collagen-induced arthritis was induced. Mice were treated subcutaneously 5 days/week with the specific agonists propylpyrazoletriol (PPT; for ERalpha), diarylpropionitrile (DPN; for ERbeta), G1 (for GPR-30), or with a physiologic dose of estradiol. Clinical arthritis scores were determined continuously. At termination of the study, bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed, paws were collected for histologic assessment, serum was analyzed for cytokines and markers of bone and cartilage turnover, and bone marrow was subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS: Treatment with PPT as well as estradiol dramatically decreased the frequency and severity of arthritis. Furthermore, estradiol and PPT treatment resulted in preservation of bone and cartilage, as demonstrated by increased BMD and decreased serum levels of bone resorption markers and cartilage degradation markers, whereas no effect was seen after DPN or G1 treatment. CONCLUSION: In a well-established model of postmenopausal RA, ERalpha, but not ERbeta or GPR-30 signaling, was shown to ameliorate the disease and the associated development of osteoporosis. Since long-term treatment with estrogen has been associated with significant side effects, increased knowledge about the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of estrogen is useful in the search for novel treatments of postmenopausal RA.
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- Gudmundsdottir, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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Decentralising atrial fibrillation screening to overcome socio-demographic inequalities in uptake in STROKESTOP II
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 28:1, s. 3-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In the first STROKESTOP atrial fibrillation screening study, participation was influenced by socio-demographic and geographic factors. To improve uptake in the second study, two screening sites were added, closer to low-income neighbourhoods which had very low participation in the first study. This paper aims to analyse the geographic and socio-demographic disparities in uptake in the second trial and compare the results with the first trial. Methods Inhabitants of the Stockholm region born in 1940 and 1941 were randomised 1:1 to be invited to screening or serve as controls. Medical history, blood samples and single-lead-ECG were collected. Invitee's residential parish was used for geo-mapping analysis of the geographical disparities in participation, using hierarchical Bayes methods. Individual data for participants and non-participants were obtained for the socioeconomic variables: educational level, disposable income, immigrant and marital status. Results Higher participation was observed in those with higher education, high income, among non-immigrants and married individuals. Participation between the first and second studies improved significantly, where additional screening sites were introduced. These improvements were generally significant, in each population group according to socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion Decentralisation of screening sites in an atrial fibrillation screening program yielded a significantly positive impact on screening uptake. Adding local screening sites in areas with low uptake had beneficial impact on participation across a wide spectrum of socio-demographic groups. Decentralised screening substantially increased the screening uptake in deprived areas.
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- Gudmundsdottir, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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Factors predicting participation and potential yield of screening-detected disease among non-participants in a Swedish population-based atrial fibrillation screening study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The success of any screening program is dependent on participation. The characteristics of partic-ipants vs. non-participants have been studied and non-participants usually have a higher risk of disease. The potential yield of screening-detected disease in non-participants could be of interest to several screening programs.Aims: This is a sub-study to STROKESTOP II, a Swedish atrial fibrillation screening study. The aim was to study factors predicting participation and to estimate the potential yield of screening-detected disease in non-participants.Methods: Individual, anonymized data for participants and non-participants with respect to socioeconomic fac-tors, medical history and drugs dispensed were obtained from Swedish registries. A random forest model was trained to predict propensity scores for participation. The propensity scores were used to estimate potential screening-detected disease among non-participants. Results: Non-participants (n = 7086) had lower income, were more likely to have been hospitalized and had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores compared to participants (n = 6868). The strongest factor predicting non-attendance was low income. The weighted estimates suggested that the yield of new atrial fibrillation was 2.4% in non-participants compared to 2.3% in the participants, which was not significant.Conclusions: Non-participants had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores, indicating a higher stroke-risk and presumable benefit from attending screening, although estimated new atrial fibrillation detected was not significantly more common when compared to participants. Low income was the strongest factor for predicting non-attendance and should be a focus area when planning future screening scenarios.
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