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- Bratt, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Avenanthramides in Oats (Avena Sativa L.) and Structure-Activity Relationships
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 51:3, s. 594-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight avenanthramides, amides of anthranilic acid (1) and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2), respectively, and the four cinnamic acids p-coumaric (p), caffeic (c), ferulic (f), and sinapic (s) acid, were synthesized for identification in oat extracts and for structure−antioxidant activity studies. Three compounds (2p, 2c, and 2f) were found in oat extracts. As assessed by the reactivity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), all avenanthramides except 1p showed activity. Initially, the antioxidant activity of the avenanthramides decreased in a similar order as for the corresponding cinnamic acids, that is: sinapic > caffeic > ferulic > p-coumaric acid. The avenanthramides derived from 2 were usually slightly more active than those derived from 1. All avenanthramides inhibited azo-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid. 1c and 1s were initially the most effective compounds. The relative order of antioxidant activities was slightly different for the DPPH and the linoleic acid assays run in methanol and chlorobenzene, respectively.
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- Lidehäll, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses in Infants and Children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 77:2, s. 135-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection causing childhood morbidity. The pathogenetic mechanisms behind long-term sequelae are unclear, but long-standing viremia as a consequence of the inability to convert the virus to a latent state has been suggested to be involved. Whereas primary CMV infection in adults is typically rapidly controlled by the immune system, children have been shown to excrete virus for years. Here, we compare T-cell responses in children with congenital CMV infection, children with postnatal CMV infection and adults with symptomatic primary CMV infection. The study groups included 24 children with congenital CMV infection, 19 children with postnatal CMV infection and 8 adults with primary CMV infection. Among the infants with congenital CMV infection, 13 were symptomatic. T-cell responses were determined by analysis of interferon gamma-production after stimulation with CMV antigen. Our results show that whereas adults display high CMV-specific CD4 T-cell responses in the initial phase of the infection, children younger than 2 years have low or undetectable responses that appear to increase with time. There were no differences between groups with regard to CD8 T-cell function. In conclusion, inadequate CD 4 T-cell function seem to be involved in the failure to get immune control of the CMV infection in children younger than 2 years of age with congenital as well as postnatal CMV infection.
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- McMillan, P. J, et al.
(författare)
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Differential inhibition of high and low Mr thioredoxin reductases of parasites by organotelluriums supports the concept that low Mr thioredoxin reductases are good drug targets
- 2009
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Ingår i: Parasitology. - 0031-1820 .- 1469-8161. ; 136:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a NADPH-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase, is vital in numerous cellular processes including defence against reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation and signal transduction. TrxRs occur in 2 forms, a high M-r enzyme characterized by those of mammals, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and some worms, and a low M-r form is present in bacteria, fungi, plants and some protozoan parasites. Our hypothesis is that the differences between the forms can be exploited in the development of selective inhibitors. In this study, cyclodextrin- and sulfonic acid-derived organotelluriums known to inhibit mammalian TrxR were investigated for their relative efficacy against P. falciparum TrxR (PfTrxR), a high M-r enzyme, and Trichomonas vaginalis TrxR (TvTrxR), a low M-r form of TrxR. The results suggest that selective inhibition of low M-r TrxRs is a feasible goal.
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- Stuhr-Hansen, Nicolai, et al.
(författare)
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Organoselenium-Substituted Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Heteroatom Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1042-7163 .- 1098-1071. ; 16:7, s. 656-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of conjugated polymer, organoselenium substituted poly(p-pheylenevinylene) (PPV), was synthesized from the corresponding alkylselenenyl p-xylylene dibromide via a Gilch route using potassium tert-butoxide in THF. The p-xylylene dibromide precursors were synthesized by reacting lithiated bis(methoxymethyl)benzenes with elemental selenium, followed by alkylation of the generated selenolates. As a final demasking step, the bromomethyl functions were liberated by ether cleavage using boron tribromide. Bis-alkylselenenyl PPV was obtained with an average molecular weight Mw of approximately 300,000 g/mol and with polydispersity Mw/Mn=2. Due to low solubility, monoalkylselenenyl PPV was obtained with a considerably lower average molecular weight in the proximity of 16,000 g/mol and with a polydispersity slightly larger than 3. Absorption and flourescence spectroscopy revealed that the bis-alkylselenenyl PPV is extensively conjugated.
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