| 1. |
- Cheng, Liqin, et al.
(författare)
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A MicroRNA Gene Panel Predicts the Vaginal Microbiota Composition
- 2021
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Ingår i: mSystems. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2379-5077. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vaginal microbiota plays an essential role in vaginal health. The vaginas of many reproductive-age women are dominated by one of the Lactobacillus species. However, the vaginas of a large number of women are characterized by the colonization of several other anaerobes. Notably, some women with the non-Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota develop bacterial vaginosis, which has been correlated with sexually transmitted infections and other adverse outcomes. However, interactions and mechanisms linking the vaginal microbiota to host response are still under investigation. There are studies suggesting a link between human microRNAs and gut microbiota, but limited analysis has been carried out on the interplay of microRNAs and vaginal microbiota. In this study, we performed a microRNA expression array profiling on 67 vaginal samples from young Swedish women. MicroRNAs were clustered into distinct groups according to vaginal microbiota composition. Interestingly, 182 microRNAs were significantly elevated in their expression in the non-Lactobacillus-dominated community, suggesting an antagonistic relationship between Lactobacillus and microRNAs. Of the elevated microRNAs, 10 microRNAs displayed excellent diagnostic potential, visualized by receiver operating characteristics analysis. We further validated our findings in 34 independent samples where expression of top microRNA candidates strongly separated the Lactobacillus-dominated community from the non-Lactobacillus-dominated community in the vaginal microbiota. Notably, the Lactobacillus crispatus-dominated community showed the most profound differential microRNA expression compared with the non-Lactobacillus-dominated community. In conclusion, we demonstrate a strong relationship between the vaginal microbiota and numerous genital microRNAs, which may facilitate a deeper mechanistic interplay in this biological niche. IMPORTANCE Vaginal microbiota is correlated with women's health, where a non-Lactobacillus-dominated community predisposes women to a higher risk of disease, including human papillomavirus (HPV). However, the molecular relationship between the vaginal microbiota and host is largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated a link between the vaginal microbiota and host microRNAs in a group of young women. We uncovered an inverse correlation of the expression of microRNAs with the abundance of Lactobacillus species in the vaginal microbiota. Particularly, the expression of microRNA miR-23a-3p and miR-130a-3p, displaying significantly elevated levels in non-Lactobacillus-dominated communities, predicted the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota in an independent validation group. Since targeting of microRNAs is explored in the clinical setting, our results warrant investigation of whether microRNA modulation could be used for treating vaginosis recurrence and vaginosis-related diseases. Conversely, commensal bacteria could be used for treating diseases with microRNA aberrations.
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| 2. |
- Cheng, Liqin, et al.
(författare)
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Vaginal microbiota and human papillomavirus infection among young Swedish women
- 2020
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Ingår i: npj Biofilms and Microbiomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5008. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. To define the HPV-associated microbial community among a high vaccination coverage population, we carried out a cross-sectional study with 345 young Swedish women. The microbial composition and its association with HPV infection, including 27 HPV types, were analyzed. Microbial alpha-diversity was found significantly higher in the HPV-infected group (especially with oncogenic HPV types and multiple HPV types), compared with the HPV negative group. The vaginal microbiota among HPV-infected women was characterized by a larger number of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria (BVAB), Sneathia, Prevotella, and Megasphaera. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that twice as many women with non-Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota were infected with oncogenic HPV types, compared with L. crispatus-dominated vaginal microbiota. The data suggest that HPV infection, especially oncogenic HPV types, is strongly associated with a non-Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota, regardless of age and vaccination status.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Engstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyapatite formation on a novel dental cement in human saliva
- 2012
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Ingår i: ISRN Dentistry. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-438X. ; , s. 624056-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental materials have to meet high standards regarding mechanical strength and handling properties. There is however only a limited amount of research that has been devoted to natural formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in contact with the materials. The objective of the current investigation was to study the surface reactions occurring in human salvia on a novel dental cement. Ceramir Crown & Bridge, a bioceramic luting agent intended for permanent cementation of conventional oral prosthetics, was evaluated by immersing discs made from the cement in human saliva and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for seven days, after which they were dried and analyzed. The analytical methods used in order to verify HA formation on the surface were grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All results showed that HA was formed on the surfaces of samples stored in saliva as well as on samples stored in PBS. The possibility of a dental luting cement to promote natural formation of HA at the tooth interface increases the stability and durability of the system and could help prevent secondary caries.
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| 5. |
- Engstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of polymer addition on the mechanical properties of a premixed calcium phosphate cement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biomatter. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2159-2535. ; 3:4, s. e27249-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Premixed calcium phosphate cements can reduce handling complications that are associated with the mixing of cements in the operating room. However, to extend the clinical indication of ceramic cements their mechanical properties need to be further improved. The incorporation of a polymeric material with intrinsically high tensile properties could possibly assist in increasing the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement. In this study polymer microparticles made from poly(lactid-co-glycolide) plasticised with poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PLGA/PEG microparticles) were added in amounts of up to 5 wt% to a premixed acidic calcium phosphate cement. The PLGA/PEG microparticles added undergo a shape transformation at 37°C, which could give a better integration between polymer microparticles and ceramic cement compared to polymer microparticles lacking this property. The results showed that the incorporation of 1.25 wt% PLGA/PEG microparticles increased the compressive strength by approximately 20% up to 15.1 MPa while the diametral tensile strength was kept constant. The incorporation of PLGA/PEG microparticles increased the brushite to monetite ratio after setting compared to pure ceramic cements. In conclusion, small amounts of PLGA/PEG microparticles can be incorporated into premixed acidic calcium phosphate cement and increase their mechanical properties, which could lead to increased future applications.
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| 6. |
- Engstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of water content on hardening and handling of a premixed calcium phosphate cement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 33:1, s. 527-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handling of calcium phosphate cements is difficult, where problems often arise during mixing, transferring tosyringes, and subsequent injection. Via the use of premixed cements the risk of handling complications is reduced. However, for premixed cements to work in a clinical situation the setting time needs to be improved. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the addition of water on the properties of premixed cement. Monetite-forming premixed cements with small amounts of added water (less than 6.8 wt.%) were prepared and the influence on injectability, working time, setting time and mechanical strength was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of small amounts of water had significant influence on the properties of the premixed cement. With the addition of just 1.7 wt.% water, the force needed to extrude the cement from a syringe was reduced from 107 (±15)N to 39 (±9)N, the compression strength was almost doubled, and the setting time decreased from 29 (±4)min to 19 (±2)min, while the working time remained 5 to 6 h. This study demonstrates the importance of controlling the water content in premixed cement pastes and how water can be used to improve the properties of premixed cements.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Engstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hybrids as injectable biomaterials
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biomedical Materials. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-6041 .- 1748-605X. ; 7:3, s. 035013-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major issues with the currently available injectable biomaterials for hard tissue replacement is the mismatch between their mechanical properties and those of the surrounding bone. Hybrid bone cements that combine the benefits of tough polymeric and bioactive ceramic materials could become a good alternative. In this work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to form injectable in situ cross-linkable hybrid cements. The hybrids were characterized in terms of their mechanical, rheological, handling and in vitro bioactive properties. The results indicated that hybridization improves the mechanical and bioactive properties of POSS and PEG. The Young moduli of the hybrids were lower than those of commercial cements and more similar to those of cancellous bone. Furthermore, the strength of the hybrids was similar to that of commercial cements. Calcium deficient hydroxyapatite grew on the surface of the hybrids after 28 days in PBS, indicating bioactivity. The study showed that PEG–POSS-based hybrid materials are a promising alternative to commercial bone cements.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Engstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of composition on mechanical properties of brushite cements
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 29, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to a fast setting reaction, good biological properties, and easily available starting materials, there has been extensive research within the field of brushite cements as bone replacing material. However, the fast setting of brushite cement gives them intrinsically low mechanical properties due to the poor crystal compaction during setting. To improve this, many additives such as citric acid, pyrophosphates, and glycolic acid have been added to the cement paste to retard the crystal growth. Furthermore, the incorporation of a filler material could improve the mechanical properties when used in the correct amounts. In this study, the effect of the addition of the two retardants, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and citric acid, together with the addition of β-TCP filler particles, on the mechanical properties of a brushite cement was investigated. The results showed that the addition of low amounts of a filler (up to 10%) can have large effects on the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the addition of citric acid to the liquid phase makes it possible to use lower liquid-to-powder ratios (L/P), which strongly affects the strength of the cements. The maximal compressive strength (41.8 MPa) was found for a composition with a molar ratio of 45:55 between monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and beta-tricalcium phosphate, an L/P of 0.25 ml/g and a citric acid concentration of 0.5 M in the liquid phase.
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| 11. |
- Engstrand, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment intention and outcome in patients with simultaneously diagnosed liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 48:8, s. 1799-1806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim was to assess the likelihood of patients with simultaneously diagnosed liver and lung metastases (SLLM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) to receive the curative treatment decided upon multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) and to elaborate on the reasons for treatment intention failure and survival outcomes depending on final treatment strategy.Method: The study included a retrospective review of all patients discussed at the MDT at a single centre between 2010 and 2018 to identify all patients presenting with SLLM from CRC. Treatment intention, actual treatment outcome and reasons for treatment failure was documented. Descriptive and survival statistics were applied.Results: Of the 160 patients who had SLLM, resection of all metastatic sites was deemed possible in 107 patients (67%) of whom 39 patients (36%) finalized the curative treatment plan. The most common reason for noncompliance with management recommendations was disease progression or recurrence. Complete resection resulted in longer survival compared to patients who did not undergo resection of all metastatic sites with median survival of 63 and 27 months, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusion: A low proportion of patients completed the initially intended curative resections. Simulta-neous resection of liver/lung metastases and primary tumour might increase the proportion of fulfilled hepatopulmonary resections.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 12. |
- Engstrand Unosson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of methods to determine the porosity of calcium phosphate cements
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 103:1, s. 62-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The porosity of a material can be determined using a diversity of methods; however, the results from these methods have so far not been compared and analyzed for calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). The aim of this study was to compare a fast and easy method for porosity measurements with some commonly used porosity methods for CPCs. The investigated method is based on the assumption that when a wet cement sample is dried, the volume of the evaporated water is equal to the volume of pores within the cement. Moreover, different methods of drying the cements were evaluated for acidic CPCs. The results showed that drying at room temperature (22°C ±1°C) is preferable, since a phase transformation was observed at higher temperatures. The results also showed that drying for 24 hours in vacuum was sufficient to achieve water free cements. The porosity measured was found to vary between the porosity methods evaluated herein, and to get a complete picture of a cement’s porosity more than one method is recommended. Water evaporation, is, however, a fast and easy method to estimate the porosity of CPCs and could simplify porosity measurements in the future.
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| 13. |
- Henriksnäs, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of Helicobacter pylori extracts on gastric mucosal blood flow in the mouse
- 2009
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 15:2, s. 219-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduction in gastric blood flow induced by a luminal water extract of Helicobacter pylori (HPE).METHODS: The stomachs of isoflurane-anesthetized mice were exteriorized, and the mucosal surface exposed. Blood flow was measured with the laser-Doppler technique, and systemic arterial blood pressure monitored. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to water extract produced from H pylori strain 88-23. To investigate the role of a nerve- or iNOS-mediated pathway, we used intraluminal lidocaine and iNOS-/- mice. Blood flow response to the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) was also assessed.RESULTS: In wild-type mice, HPE decreased mucosal blood flow by approximately 30%. This reduction was abolished in iNOS-deficient mice, and by pre-treatment with lidocaine. Luminally applied ADMA resulted in reduction in blood flow similar to that observed in wild-type mice exposed to HPE.CONCLUSION: A H pylori water extract reduces gastric mucosal blood flow acutely through iNOS- and nerve-mediated pathways.
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| 14. |
- Henriksnäs, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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An in vivo model for gastric physiological and pathophysiological studies in the mouse
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 184:2, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: In vivo models for studying gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology are well established in rats. Since a number of genetically modified mice are available there is a need for reliable mouse models. The aim of this project was to develop an in vivo mouse model for gastrointestinal studies. Methods: C57bl/6, NMRI and transgenic FVB/N (expressing human α-1,3/4-fucosyltransferase) mice were anaesthetized with isoflurane and the gastric mucosa exteriorized for intravital microscopy. Acid–base status and acid secretion were measured and blood pressure was continuously monitored. Gastric mucosal blood flow was recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Mucus thickness and accumulation rate were measured with micropipettes. Results: We have developed an in vivo mouse model for studies of the gastric mucosa. With isoflurane anaesthesia the preparation can be studied for up to 5 h with stable blood pressure and mucosal blood flow. Acid–base status agrees with results from other laboratories. Blood flow increased in both C57bl/6 and α1.3/4-FT mice in response to luminal HCl, and the mucus gel could be divided into a firmly and a loosely adherent layer, all comparable with results in the rat. However, the firmly adherent mucus layer was thinner (45 ± 2 μm), and the mucus accumulation rate lower, than in the rat. Furthermore, both basal and stimulated acid secretion showed lower outputs than in the rat. Conclusions: This model has great potential for investigations of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology and can be applied for Helicobacter pylori infection studies.
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| 15. |
- Henriksnäs, Johanna, 1973-
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Protection Mechanisms : An in vivo Study in Mice and Rats
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The stomach is frequently exposed to hazardous agents and to resist this harsh environment, several protective mechanisms exist. Of special interest is the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori which causes gastritis, ulcers and cancer but the mechanism leading to these diseases are still unclear. However it is very likely that H. pylori negatively influence the protection mechanisms that exist in the stomach. The aims of the present investigation were first to develop an in vivo mouse model in which different protection mechanisms could be studied, and second to investigate the influence of H. pylori on these mechanisms. An in vivo preparation of the gastric mucosa in mice was developed. This preparation allows studies of different gastric mucosal variables and can also be applied for studies in other gastro-intestinal organs. Mice chronically infected with H. pylori, were shown to have a reduced ability of the mucosa to maintain a neutral pH at the epithelial cell surface. This could be due to the thinner inner, firmly adherent mucus gel layer, and/or to defective bicarbonate transport across the epithelium. The Cl-/HCO3- exchanger SLC26A9 was inhibited by NH4+, which also is produced by H. pylori. The mRNA levels of SLC26A9 were upregulated in infected mice, suggesting a way to overcome the inhibition of the transporter. Furthermore, the hyperemic response to acid pH 2 and 1.5 was abolished in these mice. The mechanisms by which the bacteria could alter the blood flow response might involve inhibition of the epithelial iNOS.Water extracts of H. pylori (HPE) reduces the blood flow acutely through an iNOS and nerve-mediated pathway, possibly through the endogenous iNOS inhibitor ADMA. Furthermore, HPE alters the blood flow response to acid as the hyperemic response to acid pH 0.8 is accentuated in mice treated with HPE.
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| 16. |
- Henriksnäs, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired mucus-bicarbonate barrier in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 291:3, s. G396-G403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To resist the harsh intrinsic milieu, several lines of defense exist in the stomach. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori on these mechanisms in vivo. We used FVB/N mice expressing human alpha-1,3/4-fucosyl transferase ( producing Lewis b epitopes) and inoculated with H. pylori 1. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane or Hypnorm-midazolam, the stomach was exteriorized, and the surface of the corpus mucosa was exposed. Mucus thickness was measured with micropipettes, juxtamucosal pH (pH(jm)) was measured with pH-sensitive microelectrodes, blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry, and mRNA levels of the bicarbonate transporter SLC26A9 were quantified with real-time PCR. The increase in mucosal blood flow seen in response to luminal acid (pH 1.5) in control animals (140 +/- 9% of control) was abolished in infected mice. The firmly adherent mucus layer was significantly thinner in infected mice (31 +/- 2 mu m) than in control mice (46 +/- 5 mu m), and no mucus accumulation occurred in infected mice. pHjm decreased significantly more on exposure to luminal acid in infected mice ( luminal pH 1.5, pH(jm) 2.4 +/- 0.7) than in control mice (pH(jm) 6.4 +/- 0.5). Despite reduced pHjm, SLC26A9 mRNA expression was significantly, by increased 1.9-fold, in infected mice. The reduction in pH(jm) by infection with H. pylori might be due to a reduced firmly adherent mucus layer, increased mucus permeability to H+, and/or inhibition of bicarbonate transport. The upregulation of SLC26A9 in H. pylori-infected epithelium might be a result of continuous inhibition of the transporter, e. g., by ammonium, a H. pylori product, which has been previously shown to inhibit SLC26A9.
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| 17. |
- Liu, Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Menopausal hormone therapies and risk of colorectal cancer : a Swedish matched-cohort study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 53:11, s. 1216-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been associated with various malignancies.AIMS: To investigate the association of various MHT regimens with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: All MHT ever-users (n = 290 186) were included through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry, with a 1:3 group-level matching to non-users. Ever-users were defined as women who received ≥1 dispensed prescription of systemic MHT during 2005-2012 in Sweden. All CRC cases after drug initiation were extracted from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The association was assessed by multivariable conditional logistic and Cox regression models, presented as odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) considering different regimens, duration and age at treatment initiation.RESULTS: Compared with non-users, MHT users had an overall reduced odds for colon (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.63-0.72) and rectal adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.60-0.73), especially among women aged 40-60 years. Current users of oestrogen-only preparations (E-MHT) showed a reduced odds (colon OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.82; rectal OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90) compared to non-users, particularly with oestradiol and oestriol. Past E-MHT use showed stronger odds reductions (colon OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.43-0.56; rectal OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.28-0.45). Current use of oestrogen combined progestin therapy (EP-MHT) indicated a less prominent odds reduction (colon adenocarcinoma OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.54-0.72; rectal adenocarcinoma OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.49-0.74) than past users. Tibolone showed an increased risk of left-sided colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oral and cutaneous MHT usage showed similar patterns.CONCLUSIONS: MHT use may decrease colorectal adenocarcinoma risk, for both E-MHT and EP-MHT, and especially in past users.
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| 18. |
- Ljungdahl, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory response in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 42:1, s. 94-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Surgery in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice is associated with increased risks for postoperative septic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory and the local cellular immune response in patients accepted for surgery because of tumours in the hepatic-pancreatic-biliary (HPB) tract. Material and methods. Patients with obstructive jaundice (group HPB+) were compared with those without (HPB-). Patients undergoing surgery for benign abdominal disorders served as controls. Obstructive jaundice was present in 18 out of 33 HPB patients. Preoperatively, blood was analysed for bacteria, endotoxins and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10). At operation, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were excised for bacterial cultures using standard microbiological techniques, and immunohistochemistry, using antibodies CD4 and CD8 (mainly staining T lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages), and anti-caspase-3 (to determine the rate of apoptosis). Results. Bacterial translocation was not demonstrated in any of the patients. Increased preoperative concentrations of endotoxins were found in group HPB+. The number of macrophages and the rate of apoptosis in MLNs were increased in jaundiced patients, while the number of T lymphocytes was decreased. Conclusions. Malignant obstructive jaundice causes increased blood concentrations of endotoxins and cytokines, an increased number of macrophages in MLNs, a higher rate of apoptosis in MLNs, but a decreased number of T lymphocytes in MLNs. The lymphocyte depletion is probably due to the increased rate of apoptosis, and might reduce the ability of jaundiced patients to eradicate infection.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Norenhag, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Compositional and functional differences of the vaginal microbiota of women with and without cervical dysplasia.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1, s. 11183-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alterations in the vaginal microbiota, including both species composition and functional pathways, have been associated with HPV infection and progression of dysplasia to cervical cancer. To further explore this, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to taxonomically and functionally characterize the vaginal microbiota of women with and without cervical dysplasia. Women with histologically verified dysplasia (n = 177; low grade dysplasia (LSIL) n = 81, high-grade dysplasia (HSIL) n = 94, cancer n = 2) were compared with healthy controls recruited from the cervical screening programme (n = 177). Women with dysplasia had a higher vaginal microbial diversity, and higher abundances of Gardnerella vaginalis, Aerococcus christensenii, Peptoniphilus lacrimalis and Fannyhessea vaginae, while healthy controls had higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus. Genes involved in e.g. nucleotide biosynthesis and peptidoglycan biosynthesis were more abundant in women with dysplasia. Healthy controls showed higher abundance of genes important for e.g. amino acid biosynthesis, (especially L-lysine) and sugar degradation. These findings suggest that the microbiota may have a role in creating a pro-oncogenic environment in women with dysplasia. Its role and potential interactions with other components in the microenvironment deserve further exploration.
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| 21. |
- Norenhag, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia : a systematic review and network meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 127:2, s. 171-180
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus can lead to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Recent studies have suggested associations between the composition of the vaginal microbiota, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and progression to cervical dysplasia and cancer.OBJECTIVE: To assess how specific cervico-vaginal microbiota compositions are associated with HPV infection, cervical dysplasia and cancer, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (registered in PROSPERO: CRD42018112862).SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Web of science, Embase and Cochrane database.SELECTION CRITERIA: All original studies describing at least two community state types of bacteria (CST), based on molecular techniques enabling identification of bacteria, and reporting the association with HPV infection, cervical dysplasia and/or cervical cancer.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: For the meta-analysis, a network map was constructed to provide an overview of the network relationships and to assess how many studies provided direct evidence for the different vaginal microbiota compositions and HPV, cervical dysplasia or cancer. Thereafter, the consistency of the model was assessed, and forest plots were constructed to pool and summarise the available evidence, presenting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.MAIN RESULTS: Vaginal microbiota dominated by non-Lactobacilli species or Lactobacillus iners were associated with three to five times higher odds of any prevalent HPV and two to three times higher for high-risk HPV and dysplasia/cervical cancer compared with Lactobacillus crispatus.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an association between certain bacterial community types of the vaginal microbiota and HPV infection and HPV-related disease. This may be useful for guiding treatment options or serve as biomarkers for HPV-related disease.TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: This network meta-analysis suggests an association between different vaginal bacterial community types and the risk of HPV.
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| 22. |
- Persson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Nano grain sized zirconia–silica glass ceramics for dental applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 32:16, s. 4105-4110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glass ceramics based on lithium disilicates are commonly used in dental veneers and crowns. Alternative materials with improved mechanical properties may be of interest for more demanding applications, e.g. bridgeworks. In this study, a sol-gel method was optimized to produce nano grain-sized zirconia-silica glass ceramics with properties adequate for dental applications. The material properties were compared to those of IPS e.max (R) CAD, a commercially available lithium disilicate. The zirconia-silica glass ceramic was found to be translucent, with a transmittance of over 70%, and possessed excellent corrosion resistance. It also presented a somewhat lower elastic modulus but higher hardness than the lithium disilicate, and with the proper heat treatment a higher fracture toughness was achieved for the zirconia-silica glass ceramic. In conclusion, the material produced in this study showed promising results for use in dental applications, but the production method is sensitive and large specimen sizes may be difficult to achieve.
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| 23. |
- Simin, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Prediagnostic use of estrogen-only therapy is associated with improved colorectal cancer survival in menopausal women : a Swedish population-based cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 60:7, s. 881-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) reduces the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), yet it is largely unclear whether it could also influence survival in women with CRC. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of prediagnostic MHT use on CRC-specific and all-cause mortality in women with CRC.METHODS: This nationwide nested cohort study, within a large population-based matched cohort, included all women diagnosed with incident CRC between January 2006 and December 2012 (N = 7814). A total of 1529 women had received at least one dispensed prescription of systemic MHT before CRC diagnosis, and 6285 CRC women with CRC did not receive MHT during the study period, as ascertained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. Multivariable Cox regression models provided adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC-specific mortality and all-cause mortality.RESULTS: Past use of prediagnostic estrogen-only therapy (E-MHT) was associated with lower CRC-specific (HR = 0.67, 95%CI 0.44-0.99) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.59-0.93). However, all-cause mortality (HR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02-1.48) was elevated among current prediagnostic E-MHT users who were 70+ years at diagnosis. Current estrogen combined progestin therapy (EP-MHT) was associated with higher CRC-specific mortality (HR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.06-2.44) in older women, but no association was shown for all-cause mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that E-MHT, but not EP-MHT use, might be associated with improved CRC survival, indicating a potential role of estrogens in sex hormone-related cancers. However, association of MHT use with grade of cancer remains unclear.
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| 24. |
- Sundin, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of altered mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota composition in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Altered bacterial composition and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to determine the fecal and mucosa-associated bacterial composition along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and to assess SIBO in IBS. Bacterial composition of feces, and mucosa of the duodenum and sigmoid colon was determined by 16S rRNA-amplicon-sequencing. SIBO was evaluated by bacterial culture of duodenal aspirate, glucose and lactulose breath tests. Mucosal antibacterial gene expression was assessed by PCR Array. The bacterial profiles of feces and the mucosa of sigmoid colon, but not duodenum, differed between IBS patients (n = 17) and HS (n = 20). The IBS specific bacterial profiles were linked to the colonic antibacterial gene expression. Fecal bacterial profile differed between IBS subtypes, while the mucosa-associated bacterial profile was associated with IBS symptom severity and breath tests results at baseline (H-2 and/or CH4 >= 15 ppm). The prevalence of SIBO was similar between IBS patients and HS. This study demonstrates that alterations in the bacterial composition of the sigmoid colon of IBS patients were linked to symptoms and immune activation. While breath tests reflected the mucosa-associated bacterial composition, there was no evidence for high prevalence of SIBO or small intestinal bacterial alterations in IBS.
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| 25. |
- Westling Allodi, Mara, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Play for Children with Disabilities : the Users’ Needs in the Swedish Context
- 2019
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Ingår i: Users' Needs Report on Play for Children with Disabilities. - Warsaw, Poland : De Gruyter Open. - 9783110537451 - 9783110537505 - 9783110537482 ; , s. 104-116
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is twofold: firstly the aim is to give a short description of the policy context of Sweden, which is relevant for the topic of “Play for children with disabilities”, through a presentation of the legislation and the policies of stakeholders, the national and local agencies and authorities with responsibilities in this field, and of other non-governmental organizations. Secondly, the aim is to perform a mapping of the users’ needs concerning play for children with disabilities, which are emerging from available research from relevant disciplines, reports and investigations made from the authorities and organizations that have responsibilities in this field, and other relevant stakeholders in Sweden. The content of the mapping effectuated are the users’ needs, the barriers and the facilitators that are described in the identified reports.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Åberg, Jonas, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of particle size on hardening and handling of a premixed calcium phosphate cement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 24:4, s. 829-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Premixed calcium phosphate cements (pCPC) have been developed to circumvent problems related to mixing and transfer of cements in the operating room. In addition, by using pCPC the short working times generally associated with conventional water-mixed cements are avoided. In this work, the influence of particle size on handlingand hardening characteristics of a premixed monetite cement has been assessed. The cements were evaluated with respect to their injectability, setting time and compressive strength. It was found that cements with smaller particle sizes were more difficult to inject and had higher compressive strength. Regarding setting time, no clear trend could be discerned. The addition of granules made the cements easier to inject, but setting time was prolonged and lower strengths were obtained. The main findings of this work demonstrate that particle size can be used to control handling and physical properties ofpremixed cements and that previous knowledge from water-based CPC, regarding effects of particle size, is not directly applicable to premixed CPC.
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| 29. |
- Åberg, Jonas, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Setting mechanisms of an acidic premixed calcium phosphate cement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bioceramics Development and Applications. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2090-5017 .- 2090-5025. ; 3:1, s. 1000070-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Premixed calcium phosphate cements (pCPC), where glycerol is used instead of water as mixing liquid, present better handling characteristics than water-based cements. However, the setting mechanisms of pCPC have not been described thoroughly. The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of the setting mechanism of pCPC. The investigated cement starts to set when glycerol is exchanged with water via diffusion of glycerol out to the surrounding body fluid and water into the material. To better understand the water-glycerol exchange a method was developed where the setting depth of the cement was measured over time. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to determine the liquid exchange rate during setting. To study the influence of temperature on the crystalline end product, pCPC and water-mixed calcium phosphate cement (wCPC) were set at different temperatures and analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The setting depth measurements showed that the set layer of the pCPC grew with a speed proportional to t0.51 at 37°C. TGA results furthermore showed that less than 10% of the glycerol remained after 16 hours. Setting of pCPC at different temperatures showed that mainly brushite was formed at 5°C, a mixture of brushite and monetite at 21°C and mainly monetite at 37°C. It furthermore showed that brushite was the main phase after setting of wCPC, but some monetite was present in these cements. The study presents a new method for evaluation of pCPC that increases the understanding of their setting mechanism. Furthermore, the XRD results indicate that storage at 5°C could improve the shelf life of acidic pCPC.
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