| 1. |
- Christensen, Love, et al.
(författare)
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Echoes of Violent Conflict: The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on Hate Crimes in the U.S.
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Do social identity ties facilitate the spread of violent conflict? We assess whether the Israeli-Palestinian conflict causes hate crime towards Jews and Muslims in the U.S using daily data between 2000-2016. We measure the timing, intensity and instigator in the conflict using the number of conflict fatalities and U.S. mass media coverage of the conflict. Analyses using both conflict measures find that conflict events trigger hate crimes in the following days following a retaliatory pattern: Anti-Jewish hate crimes increase a.er Israeli attacks and anti-Islamic hate crimes increase a.er Palestinian attacks. There is little evidence that the ethno-religious group not associated with the attacker is subjected to hate crimes. Moreover, the lack of an effect of non-violent conflict reporting suggests that hate crimes are not triggered by the salience of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in itself. Our findings suggest that victimization transcends the locality of the conflict, implying that violent conflict may be more costly than existing research suggests.
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| 2. |
- Enlund, Jakob, 84
(författare)
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Electoral Cycles, Conflict, Crime, and Pro-environmental Behavior
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three self-contained chapters. The first two focus on violent conflicts: international collective action to mitigate them and their violent and international spill-over effects. The third chapter focus on climate change and examines efforts of individual consumers to mitigate their own impact on it. In chapter one, I document electoral cycles in troop contributions to UN peacekeeping operations and examine their consequences for mission and conflict outcomes. In chapter two, I examine the violent spill-over effects of conflict, focusing on the case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its effect on hate crime towards Jews and Muslims in the United States. In chapter three, I examine how pro-environmental consumers in Sweden reduce their total consumption-based carbon footprint using a carbon calculator that covers all financial transactions.
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| 3. |
- Enlund, Jakob, 84, et al.
(författare)
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Individual Carbon Footprint Reduction: Evidence from Pro-environmental Users of a Carbon Calculator
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We provide the first estimates of how pro-environmental consumers reduce their total carbon footprint using a carbon calculator that covers all financial transactions. We use data from users of a carbon calculator that includes weekly estimates of users’ consumptionbased carbon-equivalent emissions based on detailed financial statements, official registers, and self-reported life-style factors. The calculator is designed to induce behavioral change and gives users detailed information about their footprint, and includes social comparisons, and goal-setting options. By using a robust difference-in-differences analysis with staggered adoption of the calculator, we estimate that users decrease their carbon footprint by around 10 percent in the first few weeks, but over the next few weeks, the reduction fades. Further analysis suggests that the carbon footprint reduction is driven by a combination of a shift from high- to low-emitting consumption categories and a temporary decrease in overall spending, and not by changes in any specific consumption category.
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