| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Campbell, TM, et al.
(author)
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Respiratory viral infections in otherwise healthy humans with inherited IRF7 deficiency
- 2022
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In: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 219:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Autosomal recessive IRF7 deficiency was previously reported in three patients with single critical influenza or COVID-19 pneumonia episodes. The patients’ fibroblasts and plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced no detectable type I and III IFNs, except IFN-β. Having discovered four new patients, we describe the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of seven IRF7-deficient patients from six families and five ancestries. Five were homozygous and two were compound heterozygous for IRF7 variants. Patients typically had one episode of pulmonary viral disease. Age at onset was surprisingly broad, from 6 mo to 50 yr (mean age 29 yr). The respiratory viruses implicated included SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus. Serological analyses indicated previous infections with many common viruses. Cellular analyses revealed strong antiviral immunity and expanded populations of influenza- and SARS-CoV-2–specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. IRF7-deficient individuals are prone to viral infections of the respiratory tract but are otherwise healthy, potentially due to residual IFN-β and compensatory adaptive immunity.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Griss, P., et al.
(author)
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Micromachined electrodes for biopotential measurements
- 2001
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In: Journal of microelectromechanical systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1057-7157 .- 1941-0158. ; 10, s. 10-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe the microfabrication, packaging and testing of a micromachined dry biopotential electrode, (i.e., where electrolytic gel is not required). It consists of an array of micro-dimensioned, very sharp spikes, (i.e., needles) designed for penetration of human skin which circumvent high impedance problems associated with layers of tbe outer skin. The spikes are etched in silicon by deep reactive ion etching and are subsequently covered with a silver-silverchloride (Ag-AgCl) double layer. The electrode-skin-electrode impedance of dry spiked electrodes having a size of 4 x 4 mm(2) is reduced compared to standard electrodes using electrolytic gel and having a comparable size, Recorded low amplitude biopotentials resulting from the activity of the brain, (i.e, EEG signals) are of high quality, even for spiked electrodes as small as 2 x 2 mm(2). The spiked electrode offers a promising alternative to standard electrodes in biomedical applications and is of interest in research of nem biomedical methods.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Svendsen, P A, et al.
(author)
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Direct puncture and sclerotherapy with sotradecol ((r)) . Orbital lymphatic malformations.
- 2001
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In: Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 1591-0199. ; 7:3, s. 193-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluated sclerotherapy in the treatment of orbital lymphatic malformations. Six consecutive patients with unilateral orbital cystic masses and recurrent episodes of orbital swelling were included in this retrospective study. All have been treated with percutaneous puncture and injection of Sotradecol (sodium tetredecyl sulphate) under radiographic guidance, on one or more occasions. Reduction of orbital mass volume was documented clinically and radiologically within a few weeks in all cases. There was total regression of proptosis in three instances. There were no immediate complications. One subject suffered a presumably coincidental orbital hemorrhage two weeks after treatment. Follow-up times ranged between six months and four years. Sotradecol sclerotherapy appears to be a useful adjunct to the therapeutic arsenal for orbitallymphatic malformations.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(author)
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A valve-less diffuser micropump for microfluidic analytical systems
- 2001
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In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 72:3, s. 259-265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The suitability of valve-less micropumps in biochemistry has been shown. Fluids encountered in various biochemical methods that are problematic for other micropumps have been pumped with good performance. The pump is fabricated as a silicon-glass stack with a new process involving three subsequent deep reactive ion etching steps. Some of the main advantages of the valve-less diffuser pump are the absence of moving parts (excluding the pump diaphragm), the uncomplicated planar design, and high pump performance in terms of pressure head and flow rare. In addition, the micropump is self-priming and insensitive to particles and bubbles present in the pumped media. The results show that the valve-less micropump successfully pumps fluids within the viscosity range of 0.001-0.9 N s/m(2). The micropump is not sensitive to the density, ionic strength, or pH of the pumped media. Effective pumping of solutions containing beads of different sizes was also demonstrated. Living cells were pumped without inducing cell damage and no cell adhesion within the pump chamber was found. No valve-less micropump has previously been reported to pump such a wide variety of fluids.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(author)
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Micromachined flow-through filter-chamber for chemical reactions on beads
- 2000
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In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 67:1-2, s. 203-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new flow-through micromachined device for chemical reactions on beads has been designed, manufactured, and characterized. The device has an uncomplicated planar design and microfabrication process. Both nonmagnetic and magnetic beads can be collected in the reaction chamber without the use of external magnets. The sample flow-through volume of liquid or gas is adjustable and unlimited. The device is sealed with Pyrex to allow real time optical detection of the chemical reactions. At a constant pressure of 3 kPa at the inlet the flow rate for water is about 3.5 mu l/min without beads in the filter chamber, for all the designs. The smallest reaction chamber has a volume of 0.5 nl and can collect approximately 50 beads with a diameter of 5.50 mu m. At a constant pressure of 3 kPa at the inlet, the flow rate for water is about 2.0 mu l/min when the reaction chamber is completely packed with beads. Hence, the flow rate decreases with about 40% when the reaction chamber is packed with beads. The flow-through microfluidic device is not sensitive to gas bubbles, and clogging of the filter is rare and reversible. The beads are easy to remove from the reaction chamber making the micromachined flow-through device reusable. A new and simple technique for fluid interconnection is developed.
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| 12. |
- Ayerden, N.P., et al.
(author)
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A highly miniaturized NDIR methane sensor
- 2016
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In: Micro-Optics 2016, Brussels, 4-5 Apr.; (SPIE Proceedings vol. 9888). - : SPIE. - 0277-786X. - 9781510601338 ; 9888, s. art. no. UNSP 98880D-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing demand for handheld systems for absorption spectroscopy has triggered the development of microspectrometers at various wavelength ranges. Several MEMS implementations of the light source, interferometer/optical filter, and detector have already been reported in the literature. However, the size of microspectrometers is still limited by the required absorption path length in the sample gas cell. This paper presents a compact MEMS linear-variable optical filter (LVOF) where the resonator cavity of the filter is also used as a sample gas cell to measure the absorption of methane at 3392nm wavelength. The physical resonator cavity length is elongated 62.2-fold, using multiple reflections from highly reflective Bragg mirrors to achieve a sufficiently long effective optical absorption path. Although the LVOF would in principle enable operation as a robust portable microspectrometer, here it is used in a miniaturized NDIR methane sensor for wavelength selection and calibration.
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| 13. |
- Ayerden, N.P., et al.
(author)
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A miniaturized optical gas-composition sensor with integrated sample chamber
- 2016
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In: Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005. ; 236:29, s. 917-925
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A robust and highly miniaturized optical gas sensor based on optical absorption spectroscopy is presented. By using the resonator cavity of a linear variable optical filter (LVOF) also as a gas chamber, a compact and robust optical sensor is achieved. The device operates at the 15th order in 3.2–3.4 μm wavelength range for distinguishing hydrocarbons. The physical cavity length at the μm-level is translated into an effective optical absorption path length at the mm-level by the use of highly reflective (R > 98%) Bragg mirrors. The optical design using the Fizeau interferometer approach is described. Moreover, the CMOS-compatible fabrication method is explained. In addition to the wideband and single wavelength filter characterization, absorption of methane in the LVOF cavity is demonstrated at 3392 nm and 3416.60 nm wavelengths.
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| 14. |
- Ayerden, N.P., et al.
(author)
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Design, fabrication and characterization of LVOF-based IR microspectrometers
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9781628410785 ; 9130
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a linear variable optical filter (LVOF) that operates in the infrared (IR) spectral range. An LVOF-based microspectrometer is a tapered-cavity Fabry-Perot optical filter placed on top of a linear array of detectors. The filter transforms the optical spectrum into a lateral intensity profile, which is recorded by the detectors. The IR LVOF has been fabricated in an IC-compatible process flow using a resist reflow and is followed by the transfer etching of this resist pattern into the optical resonator layer. This technique provides the possibility to fabricate a small, robust and high-resolution micro-spectrometer in the IR spectral range directly on a detector chip. In these designs, the LVOF uses thin-film layers of sputtered Si and SiO 2 as the high and low refractive index materials respectively. By tuning the deposition conditions and analyzing the optical properties with a commercial ellipsometer, the refractive index for Si and SiO2 thin-films was measured and optimized for the intended spectral range. Two LVOF microspectrometers, one operating in the 1.8-2.8 μm, and the other in the 3.0-4.5 μm wavelength range, have been designed and fabricated on a silicon wafer. The filters consist of a Fabry-Perot structure combined with a band-pass filter to block the out-of-band transmission. Finally, the filters were fully characterized with an FTIR spectrometer and the transmission curve widening was investigated. The measured transmittance curves were in agreement with theory. The characterization shows a spectral resolution of 35-60 nm for the short wavelength range LVOF and 70 nm for the long wavelength range LVOF, which can be further improved using signal processing algorithms.
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| 15. |
- Borgström, Emilie W., et al.
(author)
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Three Adult Cases of STAT1 Gain-of-Function with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Treated with JAK Inhibitors
- 2023
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In: Journal of Clinical Immunology. - : Springer. - 0271-9142 .- 1573-2592. ; 43, s. 136-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose; The aim of this study was to characterize clinical effects and biomarkers in three patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the STAT1 gene during treatment with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.Methods: Mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to characterize mononuclear leukocyte populations and Olink assay to quantify 265 plasma proteins. Flow-cytometric Assay for Specific Cell-mediated Immune-response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA) was used to quantify the reactivity against Candida albicans.Results: Overall, JAK inhibitors improved clinical symptoms of CMC, but caused side effects in two patients. Absolute numbers of neutrophils, T cells, B cells, and NK cells were sustained during baricitinib treatment. Detailed analysis of cellular subsets, using CyTOF, revealed increased expression of CD45, CD52, and CD99 in NK cells, reflecting a more functional phenotype. Conversely, monocytes and eosinophils downregulated CD16, consistent with reduced inflammation. Moreover, T and B cells showed increased expression of activation markers during treatment. In one patient with a remarkable clinical effect of baricitinib treatment, the immune response to C. albicans increased after 7 weeks of treatment. Alterations in plasma biomarkers involved downregulation of cellular markers CXCL10, annexin A1, granzyme B, granzyme H, and oncostatin M, whereas FGF21 was the only upregulated marker after 7 weeks. After 3 months, IFN-gamma and CXCL10 were downregulated.Conclusions: The clinical effect of JAK inhibitor treatment of CMC is promising. Several biological variables were altered during baricitinib treatment demonstrating that lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and eosinophils were affected. In parallel, cellular reactivity against C. albicans was enhanced.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Enoksson, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Niche- and gender-dependent immune reactions in relation to the microbiota profile in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion
- 2020
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In: Infection and Immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 88:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common inflammatory disease, primarily affecting children. OME is defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation of the middle ear (ME), without any signs of infection and with effusion persisting in the ME for more than three months. The precise pathogenesis is, however, not fully understood. Here, we comprehensively characterized and compared the host immune responses (inflammatory cells and mediators) and the overall microbial community composition (microbiota) present in matched middle ear effusion samples (MEE), external ear canal lavages, and nasopharynx (NPH) samples from children with OME. Female patients had significantly increased percentages of T lymphocytes and higher levels of a wide array of inflammatory mediators in their MEEs compared to male patients, which was unrelated to microbiota composition. The relative abundances of identified microorganisms were strongly associated with their niche of origin. Furthermore, specific inflammatory mediators were highly correlated with certain bacterial species. Interestingly, some organisms displayed a niche-driven inflammation pattern, where presence of Haemophilus spp and Corynebacterium propinquum in MEEs was accompanied by pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas their presence in NPH was accompanied by anti-inflammatory mediators. For Turicella and Alloiococcus we found exactly the opposite results, i.e., an anti-inflammatory profile when present in MEEs, whereas their presence in the NPH was accompanied by a pro-inflammatory profile. Altogether, our results indicate that immune responses in children with OME are highly niche- and microbiota-driven, but gender-based differences were also observed, providing novel insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms behind OME.
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| 18. |
- Enoksson, P., et al.
(author)
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MEMS Nanoindenter
- 2010
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Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Enoksson, S, et al.
(author)
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Various phosphodiesterase subtypes mediate the in vivo antilipolytic effect of insulin on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in man
- 1998
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 41:5, s. 560-568
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antilipolytic effect of insulin on human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle during local inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was investigated in vivo, by combining microdialysis with a euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp. During hyperinsulinaemia, the glycerol concentration decreased by 40% in fat and by 33% in muscle. Addition of the selective PDE3-inhibitor amrinone abolished the insulin-induced decrease in adipose glycerol concentration, but did not influence the glycerol concentration in skeletal muscle. Nor did the PDE4-selective inhibitor rolipram or the PDE5-selective inhibitor dipyridamole influence the insulin-induced decrease in muscle tissue glycerol. However, the non-selective PDE-inhibitor theophylline counteracted the antilipolytic action of insulin at both sites. The specific activity of PDEs was also determined in both tissues. PDE3-activity was 36.8+/-6.4 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) in adipose tissue and 3.9+/-0.5 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) in muscle. PDE4-activity in skeletal muscle was high, i.e., 60.7+/-10.2 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) but 8.5 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) or less in adipose tissue. In conclusion, insulin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle by activation of different PDEs, suggesting a unique metabolic role of muscle lipolysis.
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| 22. |
- Ghaderi, M., et al.
(author)
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Design, fabrication and characterization of infrared LVOFs for measuring gas composition
- 2014
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In: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6439 .- 0960-1317. ; 24:8, s. Art. no. 084001-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a linear-variable optical-filter (LVOF) that will be used in a micro-spectrometer operating in infrared (IR) for natural gas composition measurement. An LVOF is placed on top of an array of detectors and transforms the optical spectrum into a lateral intensity profile, which is recorded by the detectors. The IR LVOF was fabricated in an IC-compatible process using a photoresist reflow technique, followed by transfer etching of the photoresist into the optical resonator layer. The spectral range between 3 to 5 mu m contains the absorption peaks for hydrocarbons, carbon-monoxide and carbon-dioxide. The resulting optical absorption is utilized to measure the gas concentrations in a sample volume. Two LVOF structures were designed and fabricated on silicon wafers using alternate layers of sputtered silicon and silicon-dioxide as the high- and low- refractive index materials. These filters consist of a Fabry-Perot resonator combined with a band-pass filter designed to block out-of-band transmissions. Finally, the filters were fully characterized with an FTIR spectrometer and showed satisfactory agreement with the optical thin-film simulations. The characterization showed a spectral resolution of 100 nm, which can be further improved with signal processing algorithms. This method makes it possible to fabricate small and robust LVOFs with high resolving power in the IR spectral range directly on the detector array chip.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hagstrom-Toft, E, et al.
(author)
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Marked heterogeneity of human skeletal muscle lipolysis at rest
- 2002
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 51:12, s. 3376-3383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, variations in lipolysis among different muscle groups were examined by measuring local net glycerol release in vivo in healthy, normal-weight subjects (n = 11) during rested, postabsorptive conditions. Microdialysis of the gastrocnemius, deltoid, and vastus lateralis muscle regions revealed that extracellular glycerol concentrations of these three muscle regions were 84.7 ± 6.7, 59.7 + 7.3, and 56.4 ± 7.5 μmol/l, respectively, and the arterial plasma glycerol concentration was 44.8 ± 2.3 μmol/l (P = 0.0003–0.006, gastrocnemius vs. others). Local tissue blood flow, as measured by Xe clearance, did not differ among the regions. Net glycerol release was significantly higher in gastrocnemius muscle than in the two other regions. There were no regional differences in glycerol uptake when studied during glycerol infusion. Gastrocnemius muscle showed a dominance of type 1 fibers (70%), whereas the vastus lateralis muscle had equal distribution of fiber types (P = 0.02). No differences in intramuscular triaclyceride content, perimuscular fat, or the adipocyte-specific protein perilipin were observed among the muscle regions. Triglyceride turnover in the gastrocnemius muscle was 3.3 + 1.4% over 24 h, which is about 10 times more rapid than the turnover rate in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.01). Thus there were marked differences in lipolytic activity among skeletal muscle groups at rest, possibly reflecting variations in fiber type.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Köhler, Elof, 1980, et al.
(author)
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MEMS meander harvester with tungsten proof-mass
- 2019
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In: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using current battery technology the life-time of a leadless pacemaker is approximately 6-10 years, with a large portion of the pacemaker occupied by the battery. This paper investigates the possibility to use a MEMS piezoelectric harvester as a complementary energy source in leadless pacemakers. The challenge is to combine the low resonance frequency required to harvest energy from a heartbeat with the small volume of 20×4×3 mm3 available, with the corresponding harvester displacement restricted to 2 mm. Due to the displacement restriction the selected structure was a double clamped bridge in order to reduce the mass displacement, with various meander-type designs simulated to reduce resonance frequency. To further reduce resonance frequency large proof-masses of tungsten were attached by gluing. Two types of tungsten proof-masses were added to four different harvesters, 16.4 mg and 16.6 mg on sample 1 and 2 and 502 mg and 492 mg proof-mass on sample 3 and 4. The structures have 2 μm patterned PZT (deposited by sol-gel technique) and Pt metal electrodes for d31 mode harvesting. The power output measured from one of the two PZT/electrodes was 0.13 nW with 50 μm deflection at 100 k Ω optimal load resistance and 9.1 mVpp at 232 Hz.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Naboka, Olga, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Ni/C/SiO2 nanostructured composites synthesized by carbonization of carboxymethyl cellulose
- 2012
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In: ECCM 15 - 15th European Conference On Composite Materials, 24-28 June 2012, Venice, Italy, paper 1052 (1-7).. ; 367:1, s. 485-493
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ni/C/SiO2 porous composites were synthesized by one-pot approach by carbonization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/SiO2 xerogels containing NiCl2. Synthesized composites are mesoporous materials (average pore size 11.8 -15.1 nm) with the surface area 72.1 – 91.1 m2. Ni nanoparticles of 30-90 nm in diameter are evenly distributed within the volume of composites. The hydrogen sorption capacity at -196°C and 20 bar measured for as-synthesized samples was up to 0,32%.
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| 33. |
- Nafari, A., et al.
(author)
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A micromachined nanoindentation force sensor
- 2005
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In: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 123-124, s. 44-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A capacitive force sensor for in situ nanoindentation experiments in TEM has been designed, manufactured and evaluated. The confined space of the TEM specimen holder restricts the size of the fabricated sensor to 2 turn x 1.5 mm x 2 mm to allow mounting. A unique feature of the sensor is an integrated fixture for interchangeable tips, e.g. diamond tips. The sensor is fabricated in silicon anodically bonded to glass and the device is formed by DRIE. To improve the control of spring thickness and circumvent problems during fabrication a SOI wafer and slightly altered design was used in conjunction to an improved process, which resulted in a yield near 100%. The sensor is characterized by a force application using a piezoelectric positioning system, an electrostatic evaluation and a resonance frequency test using a scanning laser doppler vibrometer. The capacitance is measured with an off-chip read-out circuit. The resonance frequency test yielded a spring constant of 750 N/m, which results in a sensitivity of 0.27 pF/0.1 μN for small deflections. The evaluation shows that the force sensor is suitable for in situ nanoindentation for measurements in the range of 0-100 μN.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nafari, A., et al.
(author)
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MEMS Sensor for< emphasis emphasistype
- 2008
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In: Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of. - Philadelphia : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1057-7157. ; 17:2, s. 328-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here, we present a MEMS atomic force microscope sensor for use inside a transmission electron microscope ITEM). This enables direct in situ TEM force measurements in the nanonewton range and thus mechanical characterization of nanosized structures. The main design challenges of the system and sensor are to reach a high sensitivity and to make a compact design that allows the sensor to be fitted in the narrow dimensions of the pole gap inside the TEM. In order to miniaturize the sensing device, an integrated detection with piezoresistive elements arranged in a full Wheatstone bridge was used. Fabrication of the sensor was done using standard micromachining techniques, such as ion implantation, oxide growth and deep reactive ion etch. We also present in situ TEM force measurements on nanotubes, which demonstrate the ability to measure spring constants of nanoscale systems
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Olin, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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In-situ TEM probing
- 2007
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In: International Conference on Nano Science and Technology 2007, July, Stockholm.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Rusu, Cristina, et al.
(author)
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Challenges for Miniaturised Energy Harvesting Sensor Systems
- 2018
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In: 2018 10th International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (ICAIT). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538679364 ; , s. 214-217
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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