| 1. |
- Andersson, Marica, et al.
(författare)
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Low Holding Densities Increase Stress Response and Aggression in Zebrafish
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biology. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-7737. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Zebrafish are used as experimental animals in labs all around the world. To ensure that the health of zebrafish is maintained at the highest level, it is important to know the optimal housing conditions of the animals, including the housing density. Guidelines for housing densities of zebrafish can then be spread and followed globally, making it possible to compare research data from different facilities. To investigate the optimal housing densities of zebrafish and to better understand how holding density affects zebrafish behaviour and physiology, we evaluated the welfare of zebrafish housed at different densities for nine weeks. We observed that fish housed at the lowest holding density of 1 fish/L stood out from the rest of the experimental fish, showing higher levels of aggression, secreting more of the stress hormone cortisol in the water, and spending more time in the top zone of the tank, possibly reflecting the fact that fish in this density were hiding more behind the floating plants. Our data indicate that zebrafish should not be kept at 1 fish/L, or lower, to ensure good welfare of the animals. With laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) being an established and popular research model, there is a need for universal, research-based husbandry guidelines for this species, since guidelines can help promote good welfare through providing appropriate care. Despite the widespread use of zebrafish in research, it remains unclear how holding densities affect their welfare. Previous studies have mainly evaluated the effects of holding densities on a single parameter, such as growth, reproductive output, or social interactions, rather than looking at multiple welfare parameters simultaneously. Here we investigated how chronic (nine weeks) exposure to five different holding densities (1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 fish/L) affected multiple welfare indicators. We found that fish in the 1 fish/L density treatment had higher free water cortisol concentrations per fish, increased vertical distribution, and displayed aggressive behaviour more frequently than fish held at higher densities. On the other hand, density treatments had no effect on anxiety behaviour, whole-brain neurotransmitter levels, egg volume, or the proportion of fertilised eggs. Our results demonstrate that zebrafish can be held at densities between 4 and 16 fish/L without compromising their welfare. However, housing zebrafish in the density of 1 fish/L increased their stress level and aggressive behaviour.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bartley, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan för hållbar stadsutveckling och tvärsektoriell samsyn
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan vi komma tillrätta med oroligheter i form av skadegörelse och anlagda bränder? Följande forskningsrapport – som är den tjugosjunde i serien Vetenskap för profession – söker svar på denna fråga genom att undersöka samverkan i en kommun. Bakgrunden till rapporten är att företrädare för Södra Älvsborgs Räddningstjänst (SÄRF) tog kontakt med Högskolan i Borås för att utvärdera och bidra till arbetet med sociala risker inom Borås stad. SÄRF hade, i likhet med andra räddningstjänster, uppmärksammat att antalet anlagda bränder ökat och att förövarna ofta var ungdomar. Man såg också samband mellan orolig skolmiljö, mobbning, skadegörelse och anlagda bränder. Ny kunskap samt en hög grad av samverkan med andra aktörer i kommunen efterfrågades. Rapportens problemställning är riktad mot möjligheten till samsyn mellan olika samverkande parter och utgår från följande frågeställningar: Hur beskriver praktiker inom olika verksamheter problemen? Vilka metoder finns för att förebygga, hantera och förhindra dessa? Vilka utvecklings- och forskningsbehov finns? Samverkan har studerats mellan räddningstjänst, polis, individ och familjeomsorg, barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin, ungdomssamordnare, brottsförebyggande råd, specialpedagogiskt centrum, folkhälsa, stadsplanering samt åklagare.
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| 4. |
- Bartley, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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"Stuprör" och "öppna kanaler" : Metaforer i talet om och för samverkan
- 2014
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 20:2, s. 9-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln problematiserar betydelsen av metaforer i samtal om tvärsektoriell samverkan inom offentlig verksamhet. Samtalens syfte var att förhindra att ungdomar anlägger bränder och annan typ av skadegörelse. Vi använder oss av metaforisk textanalys. Resultatet visar att metaforer har olika funktion i parternas samtal. De har en förklarande eller översättande funktion och innebär då en resurs. Men de har även en kamouflerande funktion, vilket innebär att användandet av metaforer inte är helt oproblematiskt.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ericson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary IgA response to probiotic bacteria and mutans streptococci after the use of chewing gum containing Lactobacillus reuteri
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pathogens and Disease. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2049-632X. ; 68:3, s. 82-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether ingestion of probiotic bacteria could influence salivary IgA levels, specific anti-mutans streptococci IgA levels and specific antibodies towards the ingested probiotic bacterium. The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, where the test group (n = 11) received twice daily chewing of gum containing Lactobacillus reuteri (2 9 108 CFU per dose) and the control group (n = 12) received placebo. Resting saliva was collected before and after 12 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after end of treatment. Total salivary IgA concentrations were measured by ELISA. Specific IgA reactivity was determined using a whole-cell ELISA. Results were expressed as % IgA per protein in saliva. The level of total IgA% per protein increased significantly between pretreatment levels (13.5%) and follow-up treatment levels (14.4%) within the test group only (P < 0.05). No changes were seen in the control group during the trial. The level of probiotic-reactive antibodies decreased significantly between pre- and post-treatment samples (from 12.2% to 9.0%, P < 0.05) in the test group. Similarly, the level of specific mutans streptococci antibodies decreased significantly between pre- and post-treatment samples (P < 0.05) in the test group only (for Streptococcus mutans from 20.1% to 15.0%; for Streptococcus sobrinus from 7.4% to 5.3%). Ingestion of probiotic bacteria might influence the adaptive immune response of the host.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ericson, Kristina
(författare)
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PhD student support at the Library : from generic courses to contextual learning
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For many years Malmö University Library arranged a course for PhD students, called Searching for academic information. This annual course was very appreciated by the participants. Still, in 2015 we decided to explore how we could develop the doctoral student support further. Academic disciplines differ in structure and approach - we wanted a support model that could be more adjustable to various disciplinary practices and different postgraduate programmes. We started a one year project with the aim to understand how the library's support to doctoral students can be designed, based on their contexts. This was especially important for us since our pedagogical strategy at Malmö University Library focus on contextual learning. We explored in particular how to support the PhD students based on the individual projects, the postgraduate programmes progression for learning how to be a researcher and epistemic cultures. The project was inspired by action research. Participation is an important component and action research is both practice-oriented and change focused. As doctoral students were the target group we worked to involve both them and others outside the library in order to develop our support model. Our method was iterative; we repeated, evaluated and changed steps subsequently. In this paper we present how the method of action research is useful to develop your organisation in relation to user needs, in this case the PhD students. The project resulted in a flexible support structure with various activities that can be changed as needed with thematic content in different formats. The activities are planned and performed by librarians from the part of the library that has the relevant competence. Examples of seminar topics are; systematic search strategies, reference management, publishing strategies and research data management. We will discuss the choices we had to make and the pros and cons of having a flexible support structure rather than a traditional course. New web page - Library support for doctoral students: http://mah.se/library/doctoralstudents
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| 10. |
- Ericson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Media houses. - New York : Peter Lang. - 9781433105838 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Furundzic, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Why Do Adolescents Use Fluoride Toothpaste? : A Qualitative Interview Investigation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry. - : Quintessence. - 1602-1622 .- 1757-9996. ; 18:3, s. 441-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Fluoride toothpastes are effective in caries prevention. In legislation, regular fluoride toothpaste is a cosmetic product; adolescents use it for aesthetic purposes. In dentistry, fluoride toothpaste is considered a caries preventive drug recommended to patients for that reason. Knowledge is lacking concerning what motivates adolescents to use fluoride toothpaste. Dental professionals need to understand how to motivate a risk-group for caries development to use fluoride toothpaste frequently in order to effectively motivate patients to prevent tooth decay. The purpose of this study was to investigate what motivates adolescents to use fluoride toothpaste. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a high school in southern Sweden. The final sample consisted of 16 adolescents age 16 to 19. This study employed a qualitative design using semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using manifest content analysis with an occasional inductive approach. Results: Reasons for why adolescents use fluoride toothpaste were found in four different categories: oral health, economy, upbringing and habit, social influences. Conclusion: There are reasons to believe that dental professionals might have missed important arguments for why adolescents use fluoride toothpaste. The participants mentioned oral health and aesthetics as important reasons for using fluoride toothpaste, as well as other more surprising factors such as financial reasons and social environment. There are thus more arguments for using fluoride toothpaste that adolescents value than the ones we believe dental professionals use.
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| 12. |
- Hedenbjörk-Lager, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Collagen degradation and preservation of MMP-8 activity in human dentine matrix after demineralization
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 68, s. 66-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Dental caries is a process driven by acids produced by oral microorganisms followed by degradation of the dentine collagen matrix by proteolytic enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested to contribute to caries by degrading collagen. The aim of this study was to develop a method for generating demineralized dentine matrix substrate (DDM) maintaining MMP-8 bioactivity and no interference with later assays. Such a substrate would allow study of the effects of various treatments on MMP-8 activity and collagen degradation in demineralized dentine. DESIGN: Human dentine was powderized in a tissue grinder and frozen (-80°C). The powder was demineralized in dialysis tubes, using EDTA or acetic acid. The demineralized dentine matrix (DDM) was harvested and analyzed for collagen content using SDS-PAGE. The DDM was subsequently suspended in PBS or TESCA buffer. Protein, MMP-8 (ELISA) and collagen (HYP) was analyzed directly or after 1 wk. RESULTS: EDTA or acid demineralization of dentine using dialysis yielded a substrate rich in collagen coupled with preserved MMP-8 activity. Collagen degraded in room temperature, assessed by higher HYP amounts in the soluble fraction of DDM after one wk, indicating that the methods used preserved active DDM-components after the demineralization process. CONCLUSIONS: The presented demineralization methods both provided insoluble DDM substrates suitable for further intervention studies. However, it was found that the substrates differed depending on the demineralization method and buffers used. This needs further study to find an optimal technique for generating DDM with retained proteins as well as enzymatic bioactivity.
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| 13. |
- Jørgensen, Mette Rose, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus reuteri supplements do not affect salivary IgA or cytokine levels in healthy subjects : A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:5, s. 399-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of probiotic lactobacilli on the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and selected cytokines in whole saliva of healthy young adults. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 47 healthy adults (18-32 years) who volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial after informed consent. During intervention, the subjects ingested two lozenges per day containing two strains of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo lozenges. The intervention and wash-out periods were 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after each intervention period and 3 weeks post-intervention. ELISA was used to measure sIgA and luminex technology was used to measure the interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. For statistical analyses a mixed ANOVA model was employed to calculate changes in the salivary outcome variables Results: Forty-one subjects completed the study and reported a good compliance. No significant differences in the concentrations of salivary sIgA or cytokines were recorded between the L. reuteri and placebo interventions or between baseline and 3 weeks post-intervention levels. No side- or adverse effects were reported Conclusions: Supplementation with two strains of the probiotic L. reuteri did not affect sIgA or cytokine levels in whole saliva in healthy young adults. The results thereby indicate that daily oral supplementation with L. reuteri do not seem to modulate the salivary oral immune response in healthy young subjects
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lindholm, Jessica, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala lärresurser i lärosätenas öppna arkiv. Slutrapport från OERIIR-projektet
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet i projektet ”OER i öppna digitala arkiv” har utförts i samarbete mellan Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Borås, Malmö högskola, Stockholms universitet, Uppsala universitet och Metamatrix AB under perioden mars 2008 - april 2009. Projektet har finansierats av Kungl. Bibliotekets program OpenAccess.se. Vid sidan om denna slutrapport, har vi tidigare publicerat rapporten Kartläggning av produktion och användning av OER vid några svenska lärosäten. De frågeställningar vi har arbetat med är - Hur ser möjligheterna ut att i lärosätenas öppna arkiv för e-publicering av forskning och uppsatser, också rymma de lokalt producerade lärresurserna? - I vilken omfattning använder och producerar lärarna vid lärosätena fritt tillgängliga lärresurser (OER, Open Educational Resources) idag? Vi har velat belysa dessa frågeställningar genom att ta fram unika empirisk data från de deltagande lärosätena.
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| 17. |
- Lindholm, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala lärresurser i lärosätenas öppna arkiv. Slutrapport från OERIIR-projektet
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet i projektet "OER i öppna digitala arkiv" har utförts i samarbete mellan Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Borås, Malmö högskola, Stockholms universitet, Uppsala universitet och Metamatrix AB under perioden mars 2008 - april 2009. Projektet har finansierats av Kungl. Bibliotekets program OpenAccess.se. Vid sidan om denna slutrapport, har vi tidigare publicerat rapporten Kartläggning av produktion och användning av OER vid några svenska lärosäten. De frågeställningar vi har arbetat med är -Hur ser möjligheterna ut att i lärosätenas öppna arkiv för e-publicering av forskning och uppsatser, också rymma de lokalt producerade lärresurserna? -I vilken omfattning använder och producerar lärarna vid lärosätena fritt tillgängliga lärresurser (OER, Open Educational Resources) idag? Vi har velat belysa dessa frågeställningar genom att ta fram unika empirisk data från de deltagande lärosätena. Under våren 2008 genomfördes vår inventering av existerande digitala lärresurser och kartläggning av bruket av digitala lärresurser vid fem svenska lärosäten. Enkätstudien och intervjuerna visar att begreppet OER och även begreppet digitala lärresurser fortfarande är nytt för många, men själva företeelserna används av över hälften av de lärare som ingått i studierna. Även produktionen och viljan att dela med sig av det som produceras är relativt hög. Det är förhållandevis många lärare som då och då använder sig av OER (50 % av respondenterna) och betydligt färre som använder sig av OER dagligen (6 %). Av de lärare som inte använder sig av OER är det mer än hälften som inte vet vad det är, eller hur man gör. Närmare 70 procent av den undervisande personalen som besvarat enkäten uppger att de producerar eget material. Produktion av egna digitala lärresurser är således mer vanligt än användning av andras material. De starkaste drivkrafterna att ta fram eget material är, enligt enkätsvaren, att ha som komplement till föreläsningar och för att det ska vara återanvändbart i andra kurser. PowerPoint-presentationer, PDF-format och Word-filer (eller motsvarande) är de vanligaste formaten på det som produceras. Andelen som väljer att dela med sig av sitt material är högre än förväntat, närmare 50 %. Här anges den främsta anledningen att man vill att informationen ska kunna vara till nytta för andra, följt av åsikten att information ska vara fritt tillgänglig. Som kontrast till detta visar intervjuerna på en lite mer nyanserad bild. Dels framhålls nyttan med digitalt undervisningsmaterial och möjligheter till nya pedagogiska grepp och metoder. Flera av våra respondenter är överens om att lärosätena skulle gynnas av att ge en möjlighet att publicera lärresurser öppet. Med kartläggningen som stöd har vi därefter arbetat vidare med dess resultat för att utveckla och undersöka praktisk funktionalitet i projektets befintliga öppna arkiv. Vi pekar på att det finns behov av mer kvalificerad användning av OER än de öppna arkiven medger, t.ex. inbyggda viewers och redigerbarhet. Samtidigt, har vi också sett att dessa öppna arkiv är överlägsna på att möjliggöra spridning och synlighet för dess innehåll, även för annat material än student- och forskarpubliceringen. Vi ser alltså både för- och nackdelar med att göra OER tillgängliga via de öppna arkiven, men för att undvika att bygga nya system eller låsa in lärresurserna i LMS:er, så kan arkivens öppna gränssnitt (ex. via XML Web services och OAI-PMH) användas för att sprida OER till andra system där användbarheten bättre kan erhållas, samtidigt som lärosätena kan behålla överblick och marknadsföring av sin intellektuella output i en samlande tjänst. Framtida system Inom projektet har vi därefter, med stöd från kartläggning, praktiska tester och faktisk funktionalitet i två publiceringsplattformar (Diva och DSpace) slutligen inom ramarna för denna slutrapport levererat beslutsstöd och prototyper med den funktionalitet som en sådan tjänst, eller det öppna arkivet, bör innehålla. Strategiska frågor Såväl i kartläggningen som i de praktiska testerna erfar vi många närliggande frågor av såväl kunskapsmässig som mer praktisk natur, där det behövs mer information och goda exempel på hur arbetet kan läggas upp, som är viktiga både för undervisande personal och ledning: upphovsrättsliga frågor; stöd och incitament för användning och utveckling av digitalt undervisningsmaterial; samt nytto- kostnadsanalyser. En fråga vi berört ett flertal gånger i rapporten är balansen mellan den forskning och utbildning som bedrivs. Det är en relativt komplicerad fråga som handlar om ledningens prioriteringar och hur man ska profilera lärosätets varumärke. Det är i sammanhanget en känslig fråga att forskning traditionellt alltid har meriterats högre än undervisning. Genom intervjuerna framgår att det inte finns några policies eller riktlinjer runt användande och producerande av digitalt material. Ett antal punkter till dem i ledningsposition på institutioner och lärosäten som vill öka användandet av digitala lärresurser och öppet material har framkommit: respondenterna uppfattar varken sin undervisning och produktion av material som prioriterat eller meriterande - om det är önskvärt, menar man, behövs det dels -stödinsatser och mer information och utbildning inom dessa områden; samt -synlighet för arbete med OER i policies, riktlinjer och som grund för karriär- och löneutvecklingen Incitament kan komma från andra håll än den egna ledningen, det vore intressant att se goda exempel premieras och lyftas fram, för att skapa såväl motivation som ökade kunskaper.
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| 18. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 19. |
- Lundin Wallengren, Marie Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary IgA reactions to cell-surface antigens of oral streptococci.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral Microbiology and Immunology. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0902-0055 .- 1399-302X. ; 19:3, s. 188-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the immunoblot technique, using whole bacteria cell extracts as antigens, both intra- and extracellular antigens are de-tected, which gives a large number of immunoglobulin A (IgA) reac-tions (immunoblot bands) when incubated with saliva. It is important to distinguish which immunoblot bands represent bacterial cell-surface antigens, since these antigens could be involved in adhesion mecha-nisms and be available for blocking in vivo. METHODS: Bacterial ex-tracts of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus parasanguis and the streptococcal antigen I/II were separated using SDS-PAGE. The antigens were detected with saliva in Western blot. Untreated saliva and saliva in which cell-surface reactive IgA had been absorbed with whole bacteria cells were analyzed. RESULTS: Ap-proximately half the number of the bands were absent for saliva ab-sorbed with homologous cells, compared to untreated saliva. The ab-sorption pattern was almost identical for S. mutans and S. sobrinus but not for S. parasanguis. Salivary IgA reactive against streptococcal antigen I/II was absorbed by S. mutans cells, to a lesser extent by S. sobrinus cells, and not at all by S. parasanguis cells. CONCLUSION: It is likely that the bands that were absent after absorption represented cell-surface antigens. For S. mutans and S. sobrinus, these bands were probably the streptococcal antigen I/II. Copyright Blackwell Munks-gaard, 2004.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Mellström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Masculinities, gender equality, crisis management and the rescue services: Contested terrains and challenges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Masculinities, Gender Equality and Crisis Management. - London : Routledge. - 9781317099918 - 9781472477095 ; , s. 1-16
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this introduction we provide an overview of research on gender issues in the rescue services in combination with introducing the different contributions in this book. The overview is primarily concerned with three national contexts, the US, the UK and Sweden, and we focus on the most prevalent themes in the literature as well as pointing out under-researched areas. The empirical contributions in this volume draw on empirical work from Sweden, the UK and Denmark.
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| 22. |
- Mellström, Ulf, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Masculinities, Gender Equality, Crisis Management and the Rescue Services: Contested Terrains and Challenges
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Masculinities, Gender Equality and Crisis Management. - London : Routledge. - 9781472477095 ; , s. 1-16
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this introduction we provide an overview of research on gender issues in the rescue services in combination with introducing the different contributions in this book. The overview is primarily concerned with three national contexts; the U.S., the U.K. and Sweden, and we focus on the most prevalent themes in the literature as well as pointing out under-researched areas. The empirical contributions in this volume draw on empirical work from Sweden, the U.K. and Denmark. Our aim in this book is to show how the rescue services constitutes a fertile ground for epistemological and methodological concerns in contemporary gender studies, including feminist theory, masculinity and sexuality studies. We also believe that the critical perspective offered by interdisciplinary gender studies can provide new perspectives on emergency work and crisis management in a broader sense.As this area of research is still in an early stage, and this book is (to our knowledge) the first collected volume dealing with gender and rescue services, we also want to introduce prevalent themes in the academic literature as well as pointing out neglected areas.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Merritt, Melissa A., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Dietary Factors and Endometrial Cancer Risk Using a Nutrient-wide Association Study Approach in the EPIC and Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 24:2, s. 466-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data on the role of dietary factors in endometrial cancer development are limited and inconsistent. We applied a "nutrient-wide association study" approach to systematically evaluate dietary risk associations for endometrial cancer while controlling for multiple hypothesis tests using the false discovery rate (FDR) and validating the results in an independent cohort. We evaluated endometrial cancer risk associations for dietary intake of 84 foods and nutrients based on dietary questionnaires in three prospective studies, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; N = 1,303 cases) followed by validation of nine foods/nutrients (FDR <= 0.10) in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS/NHSII; N = 1,531 cases). Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In multivariate adjusted comparisons of the extreme categories of intake at baseline, coffee was inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk (EPIC, median intake 750 g/day vs. 8.6; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97, P-trend = 0.09; NHS/NHSII, median intake 1067 g/day vs. none; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96, P-trend = 0.04). Eight other dietary factors that were associated with endometrial cancer risk in the EPIC study (total fat, monounsaturated fat, carbohydrates, phosphorus, butter, yogurt, cheese, and potatoes) were not confirmed in the NHS/NHSII. Our findings suggest that coffee intake may be inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk. Further data are needed to confirm these findings and to examine the mechanisms linking coffee intake to endometrial cancer risk to develop improved prevention strategies. (C)2015 AACR.
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| 25. |
- Murphy, Neil, et al.
(författare)
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A Nested Case-Control Study of Metabolically Defined Body Size Phenotypes and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Obesity is positively associated with colorectal cancer. Recently, body size subtypes categorised by the prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia have been defined, and metabolically healthy overweight/obese individuals (without hyperinsulinaemia) have been suggested to be at lower risk of cardiovascular disease than their metabolically unhealthy (hyperinsulinaemic) overweight/obese counterparts. Whether similarly variable relationships exist for metabolically defined body size phenotypes and colorectal cancer risk is unknown.Methods and Findings The association of metabolically defined body size phenotypes with colorectal cancer was investigated in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Metabolic health/body size phenotypes were defined according to hyperinsulinaemia status using serum concentrations of C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion. A total of 737 incident colorectal cancer cases and 737 matched controls were divided into tertiles based on the distribution of C-peptide concentration amongst the control population, and participants were classified as metabolically healthy if below the first tertile of C-peptide and metabolically unhealthy if above the first tertile. These metabolic health definitions were then combined with body mass index (BMI) measurements to create four metabolic health/body size phenotype categories: (1) metabolically healthy/normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)), (2) metabolically healthy/overweight (BMI >= 25 kg/m2), (3) metabolically unhealthy/normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), and (4) metabolically unhealthy/overweight (BMI >= 25 kg/m2). Additionally, in separate models, waist circumference measurements (using the International Diabetes Federation cut-points [>= 80 cm for women and >= 94 cm for men]) were used (instead of BMI) to create the four metabolic health/body size phenotype categories. Statistical tests used in the analysis were all two-sided, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models with BMI used to define adiposity, compared with metabolically healthy/normal weight individuals, we observed a higher colorectal cancer risk among metabolically unhealthy/normal weight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.28) and metabolically unhealthy/overweight (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.01-1.94) participants, but not among metabolically healthy/overweight individuals (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.65-1.42). Among the overweight individuals, lower colorectal cancer risk was observed for metabolically healthy/overweight individuals compared with metabolically unhealthy/overweight individuals (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.96). These associations were generally consistent when waist circumference was used as the measure of adiposity. To our knowledge, there is no universally accepted clinical definition for using C-peptide level as an indication of hyperinsulinaemia. Therefore, a possible limitation of our analysis was that the classification of individuals as being hyperinsulinaemic-based on their C-peptide level-was arbitrary. However, when we used quartiles or the median of C-peptide, instead of tertiles, as the cut-point of hyperinsulinaemia, a similar pattern of associations was observed.Conclusions These results support the idea that individuals with the metabolically healthy/overweight phenotype (with normal insulin levels) are at lower colorectal cancer risk than those with hyperinsulinaemia. The combination of anthropometric measures with metabolic parameters, such as C-peptide, may be useful for defining strata of the population at greater risk of colorectal cancer.
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| 26. |
- Seghatoleslami, Sepideh, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative detection of Streptococcus mutans from saliva using FTATM elute cards and real-time polymerase chain reaction
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-6620 .- 2161-6663. ; 3:3, s. 148-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental caries is a localized, transmissible, pathological infection process that ends up in the destruction of hard dental tissue. Numerous reports have shown the close relationship between salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries. As S. mutans, is considered to be the principle etiological agent of dental caries, the development of a quick and convenient method for detection and quantification of these bacteria from patient saliva samples would simplify diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare a new means of quantifying bacteria using FTATM Elute cards and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to a conventional culture-based assay using oral S. mutans as a model sample. A total of 60 different saliva samples were investigated. The results show a significant negative correlation between the two methods, with a correlation coefficient of −0.577 (Spearman’s Correlation) and p < 0.01. The method demonstrates a high sensitivity, specificity and reliable quantitative results, covering a large range of bacterial concentrations.
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| 27. |
- Sonesson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary IgA in minor-gland saliva of children, adolescents, and young adults
- 2010
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 34:4, s. 236-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the principal immunoglobulin in human saliva and minor salivary glands contribute with approximately 30-35 % of the total salivary IgA in whole saliva. Salivary IgA is considered to be a vital component of the defence of the oral tissues and the concentration seems to increase with age. However, data on the salivary IgA-concentration in minor gland saliva of children, compared to adults, is not available. Objectives: To study the salivary IgA-concentration in minor gland saliva in defined mucosal areas, and in un-stimulated whole saliva, in children in different ages and young adults. Methods: 90 individuals were recruited: 3-year-old children (n = 30), 14-year-old children (n = 30), and young adults (n = 30). Minor gland saliva was collected on labial and buccal mucosa with filter papers and the volume was determined using a Periotron 8000. The whole saliva was collected by draining into a tube. Assessment of the salivary IgA-concentration was carried out in a sandwich ELISA. One-way ANOVA was used testing the differences between the age-groups (at the 0.05 level of significance). Results: The salivary IgA-concentration in labial gland saliva was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 3-year-olds (3.7 mg/100 ml +/- 3.5) compared with the 14-year-olds (12.6 mg/100ml +/- 12.8) and the adults (12.8 mg/100ml +/- 13.4). In the un-stimulated whole saliva, a significantly lower salivary IgA-concentration was noted for the youngest group (9.0 mg/100ml +/-9.1) compared with the 14-year-olds (17.9 mg/100ml +/-14.9) and the adults (17.0 mg/100ml +/-9.9). Conclusion: The salivary IgA-concentration in labial and un-stimulated whole saliva seems to increase with age. This may reflect a developing specific immune response in saliva of young children. Approved by the ethical committee, Lund University. Funded by The Crafoord foundation (20090733), Swedish Patent Revenue Foundation and Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University (OD27-2009/275).
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| 28. |
- Sonesson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary IgA in minor-gland saliva of children, adolescents, and young adults
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 119:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to previous studies, minor glands produce about 35% of the total salivary immunoglobulin A (salivary IgA). The age-dependent increase in whole-saliva salivary IgA concentrations has been studied extensively, but we found no published reports comparing the minor-gland saliva concentrations of salivary IgA in children, adolescents, and adults. In this study we measured the concentration of salivary IgA in saliva from the labial and the buccal minor glands of children, adolescents, and adults. Three age groups donated saliva for analysis: 3-yr-old children, 14-yr-old adolescents, and 20- to 25-yr-old adults. Minor-gland saliva was collected on filter paper and unstimulated whole saliva was collected by draining into a tube, and the salivary IgA concentration was determined by ELISA. The salivary IgA concentration in labial saliva was significantly lower among 3-yr-old children (0.037 mg 100 ml(-1), SD = 0.035) than among 14-yr-old adolescents (0.126 mg 100 ml(-1), SD = 0.128) and adults (0.128 mg 100 ml(-1), SD = 0.13). The 3-yr-old children also had significantly lower whole-saliva salivary IgA values compared with the other age groups (0.09 mg 100 ml(-1), SD = 0.091; 0.179 mg 100 ml(-1), SD = 0.149; and 0.170 mg 100 ml(-1), SD = 0.099, respectively). This increase in salivary IgA concentrations with age might reflect a developing immune response in the growing child.
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| 29. |
- Sonesson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Secretory IgA in Minor Gland Saliva of Children and Adults
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study determined the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin A (salivary IgA) in saliva from labial and buccal minor glands of children, adolescents, and adults. According to previous studies minor glands produce about 35% of total salivary IgA. Age-dependent increase in whole-saliva salivary IgA concentrations has been studied extensively, but we found no reports comparing minor-gland saliva concentrations of salivary IgA in children, adolescents, and adults. Three age groups donated saliva for analysis: 3-yr-olds (n = 28), 14-yr-olds (n = 27), and 20 to 25-yr-olds (n = 26). Minor-gland saliva was collected on filter paper and unstimulated whole saliva by draining into a tube and salivary IgA concentration was determined by ELISA. Salivary IgA concentration in labial saliva was significantly lower (P < 0.01) among 3-yr-olds (3.7 mg 100 ml-1, SD 3.5) compared to 14-yr-olds (12.6 mg 100ml-1, SD 12.8) and adults (12.8 mg 100ml-1, SD 13.4). The 3-yr-olds also had significantly lower (P < 0.05) whole-saliva salivary IgA values compared to the other age groups (9.0 mg 100ml-1, SD 9.1; 17.9 mg 100ml-1, SD 14.9; and 17.0 mg 100ml-1, SD 9.9, respectively). This increase in salivary IgA concentrations with age might reflect a developing immune response in the growing child
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| 30. |
- Wallengren, Marie Louise, et al.
(författare)
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HLA-DR4 and salivary immunoglobulin A reactions to oral streptococci
- 2001
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Ingår i: Oral Microbiology and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0902-0055 .- 1399-302X. ; 16:1, s. 45-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and compare salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody reactions to extracts of strains of three oral streptococci in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4-positive and -DR4-negative subjects. Whole paraffin-stimulated saliva samples were collected from 27 apparently healthy subjects. Previous HLA typing showed that 20 subjects were DR4 positive and 7 were DR4 negative. HLA-DRB1*04 subtyping was performed among the DR4-positive subjects. Whole-cell antigen extracts from Streptococcus mutans (KPSK 2), Streptococcus sobrinus (OMZ 65) and Streptococcus parasanguis (Nt 62) were separated in SDS-PAGE. The antigens were immunoblotted with diluted saliva (Western blot), scanned and analyzed in a computer system. All immunoblot bands were recorded in DR4-positive and DR4-negative saliva pools, and bands with an optical density >or=0.1 were selected for analysis in individual salivas. The DR4-negative subjects in general had more immunoblot bands and more distinct bands than did the DR4-positive subjects. A higher concentration of total IgA in saliva was correlated with more bands, especially to antigens separated from S. mutans. When the number of bands was calculated per IgA unit, significant differences were observed between DR4-positive and DR4-negative salivas. This was particularly seen for S. mutans and S. parasanguis. As the number of bands was analyzed in relation to DR4 subgroups, DRB1*04, there was a lower salivary IgA activity to S. mutans in the DRB1*0401 and *0404. The variable level of correlation previously demonstrated for S. mutans colonisation and serologically defined DR4 positive subjects might be explained by the heterogeneity in this group, and the relation should be sought on a subgroup level.
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| 31. |
- Wallengren, Marie Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Low salivary IgA activity to cell-surface antigens of mutans streptococci related to HLA-DRB1*04
- 2005
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Ingår i: Oral Microbiology and Immunology. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0902-0055 .- 1399-302X. ; 20:2, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aims: Mutans streptococci are found in almost all individuals, though there are large differences in colonization levels between individuals. These differences are not readily explained, though several factors are believed to influence the colonization. One factor is the immune response to mutans streptococci, mainly provided by salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA). In a previous study, differences in salivary IgA reactions to oral streptococci were observed between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4-positive and DR4-negative individuals. A lower salivary IgA activity to Streptococcus mutans in particular was most pronounced for two DR4 subgroups, DRB1*0401 and *0404. The main purpose of this study was to further investigate, in a larger study group, the salivary IgA activity to antigens of three oral streptococci in relation to different HLA-DRB1*04 alleles. Methods: Stimulated saliva was collected from 58 HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals. Whole cell antigen extracts from S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus parasanguis and the streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II were separated in SDS-PAGE, transblotted and detected with diluted saliva (Western blot), and analyzed in a computer program. All distinct immunoblot bands over 100 kDa were recorded and compared in relation to DRB1*04. Results: The immunoblots revealed lower salivary IgA reactions to S. mutans, S. sobrinus and SA I/II, but not to S. parasanguis, for the DRB1*0401- and *0404-positive individuals compared to other DRB1*04 types. For the *0401 subgroup there was a significant association with a lower IgA response to S. mutans. Conclusion: The results confirm earlier observations and may also support previous demonstrated association between colonization by mutans streptococci and the serologically defined HLA-DR4.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Fysiska exponeringsgruppensarbete
- 1993
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Ingår i: Stockholmsundersökningen 1. - Stockholm : MUSIC Books. - 9197149748 ; , s. 41-44
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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