| 1. |
- Augustsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedish adults aged 77 years and older : Age differences in lifestyle changes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:5, s. 764-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and social activities among older adults in Sweden, with a special focus on differences between the ‘younger old’ (aged 77–84) and ‘older old’ (aged 85–109).Methods: This study is based on a nationally representative sample of older adults (aged ⩾77 years) in Sweden (SWEOLD). Data were collected between May 2021 and April 2022, when many recommendations were removed but the virus was still classified as a public health disease. We studied occurrences and differences between the two age groups in several lifestyle factors and social activities.Results: The younger old displayed larger changes in lifestyles because of the pandemic than the older old. Most changes were found in social interactions with family.Conclusions: Our results highlight the large heterogeneity within the Swedish population aged ⩾77 years, and that the younger old experienced a bigger lifestyle change than the older old. Previous activity levels might be important to consider in order to understand how regulations may affect the older population. Finally, our findings indicate large age differences in Internet use, which require attention to prevent digital exclusion of an already vulnerable group.
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| 2. |
- Dahlby, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Parent-child interaction: Relationship between pause duration and infant vocabulary at 18 months
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings from Fonetik 2011. - Stockholm. ; , s. 101-104
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies of child language development have shown that children from an early age are aware of turn-taking patterns in interaction. The aim of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between turn-taking pauses in parent-child interaction and child vocabulary at 18 months of age. Analysis of pause duration is conducted on recordings from the SPRINT language intervention project and pause duration is found to correlate with child vocabulary size. Different possible reasons for this correlation are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Ericsson, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Value Innovation and Demand Chain Management : keys to future success in the fashion industry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Textile Journal. - : CTF. - 1404-2487. ; 1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Value innovation is a key in developing competitive advantage in most industries. Value innovation is both related to the physical products and accompanying value-adding services. Logistics has evolved from an order qualifier – that is a necessity – to an order winner. Increased focus on the consumer and co-creation with the consumer as a vital partner lead to alignments and rethinking of the channel structure. The supply chain evolves into a demand chain! Deeper knowledge about the why, how, and when of consumer buying behaviour is a main ingredient in demand chain thinking, and the starting point in designing and developing segmented demand chains in the fashion market. These chains are built on partnership and trust oriented relationships. The game of power is increasingly replaced by the game of trust. This is a necessity when the competition shifts from rivalry between companies to rivalry between chains. In this position paper we discuss visions of the fashion future, and how to develop innovative concepts that deliver added value to the consumer. The “old school” of distribution economy, and the concept of convenience, are the basic theoretical grounds, and we argue that innovations could be reached when investing in consumer insights and closer relationships in the demand chain.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ericsson, Malin Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of abridged mini-mental state examination scales using population-based data from Sweden and USA
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 14:2, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to validate two abridged versions of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE): one intended for use in face-to-face interviews, and the other developed for telephonic interviews, using data from Sweden and the US to validate the abridged scales against dementia diagnoses as well as to compare their performance to that of the full MMSE scale. The abridged versions were based on eight domains from the original MMSE scale. The domains included in the MMSE-SF were registration, orientation, delayed recall, attention, and visual spatial ability. In the MMSE-SF-C, the visual spatial ability item was excluded, and instead, one additional orientation item was added. There were 794 participants from the Swedish HARMONY study [mean age 81.8 (4.8); the proportion of cognitively impaired was 51 %] and 576 participants from the US ADAMS study [mean age 83.2 (5.7); the proportion of cognitively impaired was 65 %] where it was possible to compare abridged MMSE scales to dementia diagnoses and to the full MMSE scale. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity levels of the abridged tests, using clinical diagnoses as reference. Analyses with both the HARMONY and the ADAMS data indicated comparable levels of sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment for the two abridged scales relative to the full MMSE. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the two abridged scales corresponded well to those of the full MMSE. The two abridged tests have adequate validity and correspond well with the full MMSE. The abridged versions could therefore be alternatives to consider in larger population studies where interview length is restricted, and the respondent burden is high.
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| 6. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:27, s. 7001-7006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this report we analyzed genetically informative data to investigate within-person change and between-person differences in late-life cognitive abilities as a function of childhood social class. We used data from nine testing occasions spanning 28 y in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and parental social class based on the Swedish socioeconomic index. Cognitive ability included a general factor and the four domains of verbal, fluid, memory, and perceptual speed. Latent growth curve models of the longitudinal data tested whether level and change in cognitive performance differed as a function of childhood social class. Between-within twin-pair analyses were performed on twins reared apart to assess familial confounding. Childhood social class was significantly associated with mean-level cognitive performance at age 65 y, but not with rate of cognitive change. The association decreased in magnitude but remained significant after adjustments for level of education and the degree to which the rearing family was supportive toward education. A between-pair effect of childhood social class was significant in all cognitive domains, whereas within-pair estimates were attenuated, indicating genetic confounding. Thus, childhood social class is important for cognitive performance in adulthood on a population level, but the association is largely attributable to genetic influences.
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| 7. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Educational Influences on Late-Life Health : Genetic Propensity and Attained Education
- 2024
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 79:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The educational gradient in late-life health is well established. Despite this, there are still ambiguities concerning the role of underlying confounding by genetic influences and gene-environment (GE) interplay. Here, we investigate the role of educational factors (attained and genetic propensities) on health and mortality in late life using genetic propensity for educational attainment (as measured by a genome-wide polygenic score, PGSEdu) and attained education.Methods: By utilizing genetically informative twin data from the Swedish Twin Registry (n = 14,570), we investigated influences of the educational measures, familial confounding as well as the possible presence of passive GE correlation on both objective and subjective indicators of late-life health, that is, the Frailty Index, Multimorbidity, Self-rated health, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.Results: Using between-within models to adjust for shared familial factors, we found that the relationship between educational level and health and mortality later in life persisted despite controlling for familial confounding. PGSEdu and attained education both uniquely predicted late-life health and mortality, even when mutually adjusted. Between-within models of PGSEdu on the health outcomes in dizygotic twins showed weak evidence for passive GE correlation (prGE) in the education-health relationship.Discussion: Both genetic propensity to education and attained education are (partly) independently associated with health in late life. These results lend further support for a causal education-health relationship but also raise the importance of genetic contributions and GE interplay.
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| 8. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Life-course socioeconomic differences and social mobility in preventable and non-preventable mortality : a study of Swedish twins
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:5, s. 1701-1709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDespite advances in life expectancy, low socioeconomic status is associated with a shorter lifespan. This study was conducted to investigate socioeconomic differences in mortality by comparing preventable with non-preventable causes of death in 39 506 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry born before 1935.MethodsChildhood social class, own education, own social class and social mobility were used as separate indicators of socioeconomic status. These data were linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Cause of death was categorized as preventable or non-preventable mortality according to indicators presented in the Avoidable Mortality in the European Union (AMIEHS) atlas. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested the association between the socioeconomic measures and all-cause mortality, preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality. Additional co-twin control analyses indicated whether the associations reflected genetic confounding.ResultsThe social gradient for mortality was most prominent for the adult socioeconomic measures. There was a social gradient in both preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality, but with an indication of a moderately stronger effect in preventable causes of death. In analyses of social mobility, those who experienced life-time low socioeconomic status (SES) or downward social mobility had an increased mortality risk compared with those with life-time high SES and upward social mobility. Adjustments for genetic confounding did not change the observed associations for education, social class or social mobility and mortality. In the co-twin control analyses of reared-apart twins, the association between childhood social class and mortality weakened, indicating possible genetic influences on this association.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there is an association between low adult socioeconomic status and increased mortality independent of genetic endowment. Thus, we do not find support for indirect social selection as the basis for mortality inequalities in Sweden
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| 9. |
- Ericsson, Malin
(författare)
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Socioeconomic influences on late-life health and mortality : exploring genetic and environmental interplay
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of socioeconomic differences in health and mortality in old age - in a genetically informative setting. Data from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR), different statistical methods, and family-based designs were applied to investigate socioeconomic circumstances over the life-course and how these affect cognitive function, frailty, and mortality in late life. In Study I, we studied the effect of rearing social class on late-life cognitive ability. An association between rearing social class and cognitive ability at age 65 was observed, but there was no effect on cognitive change. After controlling for familial influences, the association between rearing social class and late-life cognitive ability no longer remained and could instead be attributed to genetic influences. In Study II, we used a classical twin design to investigate if childhood and attained socioeconomic indicators moderates the effects of genes and environment on late-life cognitive abilities. Cognitive ability was measured via four cognitive tests and a general ability score. Estimates of intercepts from growth models centered at age 75 and two linear slopes (before and after age 75) were utilized in the moderation models. The results from the moderator models for the four socioeconomic indicators showed similar patterns for the intercept. For cognitive change, moderation differed depending on cognitive test and socioeconomic indicator. In Study III, we investigated mortality inequalities by comparing preventable and non-preventable mortality using a survival model. Familial confounding was analyzed using a co-twin control method. We observed a social gradient for mortality for the adult socioeconomic measures, which was stronger for preventable mortality than for non-preventable mortality. Adjustments for familial confounding did not change the observed associations between the attained socioeconomic indicators and mortality. However, the associations between rearing social class and mortality did not remain in the co-twin control analyses of the reared apart twins. In Study IV, we explored the influence of attained socioeconomic indicators on frailty and mortality in men and women. Additional co-twin control analyses indicated familial confounding. Frailty was operationalized as the Frailty Index. There were robust sex differences in frailty. Socioeconomic influences on frailty were stronger for women than for men. In the co-twin control analyses, the effect remained the same for men, but for women the within-pair effect was strongly attenuated. No differences could be observed dependent on zygosity. The socioeconomic gradient in the relationship between frailty and mortality was stronger in men, but was not influenced by familial factors.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ericsson, Ola, 1984-
(författare)
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An Experimental Study of Liquid Steel Sampling
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sampling of liquid steel to control the steel making process is very important in the steel industry. However, there are numerous types of disposable samplers and no united standard for sampling. The goal in this study is to investigate the effect of slag protection type and sample geometry on sampling parameters and sample homogeneity. Three sample geometries were selected: i) Björneborg ii) Lollipop with a 6 mm thickness and iii) Lollipop with a 12 mm thickness. These sample geometries have been tested with two types of slag protection: metal-cap-protection and argon-protection. The filling velocity and solidification rate of steel samples have been experimentally measured during plant trials. The sample homogeneity with respect to total oxygen content and inclusion size distribution has been determined in different parts of the samples. The study shows that argon-protected samplers have lower, more even, filling velocities (0.19±0.09 m/s) compared to metal-cap-protected samplers (1.28±2.23 m/s). The solidification rate measurements of the different samplers show that the 6 mm thick Lollipop has the highest solidification rate (99~105 °C/s). Measurements of total oxygen content in argon-protected samples showed little variation between different zones of the samples. However, metal-cap-protected samples contained much higher total oxygen contents. Light optical microscope studies showed that the increase in total oxygen content was probably caused by entrapment of top slag during sampling. Furthermore, it was found that the contamination of top slag in the metal samples increased with a decreased sample weight. Determination of inclusion size distribution in argon-protected Lollipop samples showed that a larger number of primary inclusions are found in the top part compared to the middle and the bottom part of the samples.
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| 12. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health : support for diathesis–stress model of gene–environment interplay
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biodemography and Social Biology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1948-5565 .- 1948-5573. ; 67:1, s. 58-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium were used to examine predictions of different models of gene-by-environment interaction to understand how genetic variance in self-rated health (SRH) varies at different levels of financial strain. A total of 11,359 individuals from 10 twin studies in Australia, Sweden, and the United States contributed relevant data, including 2,074 monozygotic and 2,623 dizygotic twin pairs. Age ranged from 22 to 98 years, with a mean age of 61.05 (SD = 13.24). A factor model was used to create a harmonized measure of financial strain across studies and items. Twin analyses of genetic and environmental variance for SRH incorporating age, age2, sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis–stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically based health disparities.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, Ida K., et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-wide association study of level and change in cognitive abilities from midlife through late life
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1868-7075 .- 1868-7083. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epigenetic mechanisms are important in aging and may be involved in late-life changes in cognitive abilities. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte DNA methylation in relation to level and change in cognitive abilities, from midlife through late life in 535 Swedish twins. Results: Methylation levels were measured with the Infinium Human Methylation 450 K or Infinium MethylationEPIC array, and all sites passing quality control on both arrays were selected for analysis (n = 250,816). Empirical Bayes estimates of individual intercept (age 65), linear, and quadratic change were obtained from latent growth curve models of cognitive traits and used as outcomes in linear regression models. Significant sites (p < 2.4 × 10–7) were followed up in between-within twin pair models adjusting for familial confounding and full-growth modeling. We identified six significant associations between DNA methylation and level of cognitive abilities at age 65: cg18064256 (PPP1R13L) with processing speed and spatial ability; cg04549090 (NRXN3) with spatial ability; cg09988380 (POGZ), cg25651129 (-), and cg08011941 (ENTPD8) with working memory. The genes are involved in neuroinflammation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and ATP metabolism. Within-pair associations were approximately half that of between-pair associations across all sites. In full-growth curve models, associations between DNA methylation and cognitive level at age 65 were of small effect sizes, and associations between DNA methylation and longitudinal change in cognitive abilities of very small effect sizes. Conclusions: Leukocyte DNA methylation was associated with level, but not change in cognitive abilities. The associations were substantially attenuated in within-pair analyses, indicating they are influenced in part by genetic factors.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Ida K., et al.
(författare)
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Replicating associations between DNA methylation and body mass index in a longitudinal sample of older twins
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Nature. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 44:6, s. 1397-1405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:There is an important interplay between epigenetic factors and body weight, and previous work has identified ten sites where DNA methylation is robustly associated with body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally. However, interpretation of the associations is complicated by the substantial changes in BMI often occurring in late-life, and the fact that methylation is often driven by genetic variation. This study therefore investigated the longitudinal association between these ten sites and BMI from midlife to late-life, and whether associations persist after controlling for genetic factors.Methods:We used data from 535 individuals (mean age 68) in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) with longitudinal measures of both DNA methylation from blood samples and BMI, spanning up to 20 years. Methylation levels were measured with the Infinium Human Methylation 450K or Infinium MethylationEpic array, with seven of the ten sites passing quality control. Latent growth curve models were applied to investigate longitudinal associations between methylation and BMI, and between–within models to study associations within twin pairs, thus adjusting for genetic factors.Results:Baseline DNA methylation levels at five of the seven sites were associated with BMI level at age 65 (cg00574958 [CPT1A]; cg11024682 [SREBF1]), and/or change (cg06192883 [MYO5C]; cg06946797 [RMI2]; cg08857797 [VPS25]). For four of the five sites, the associations remained comparable within twin pairs. However, the effects of cg06192883 were substantially attenuated within pairs. No change in DNA methylation was detected for any of the seven evaluated sites.Conclusion:Five of the seven sites investigated were associated with late-life level and/or change in BMI. The effects for four of the sites remained similar when examined within twin pairs, indicating that the associations are mainly environmentally driven. However, the substantial attenuation in the association between cg06192883 and late-life BMI within pairs points to the importance of genetic factors in this association.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kodesh, Arad, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to antidepressant medication and the risk of incident dementia
- 2019
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 27:11, s. 1177-1188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To test competing hypotheses that monotherapeutic antidepressant exposure is associated with an increased versus a decreased risk of dementia.Methods: A prospective national matched cohort study from Israel (N = 71,515) without dementia (2002–2012) aged 60 and over were followed up for incident dementia from May 2013 to October 2017. Exposure to antidepressant monotherapy was classified with Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Codes (N06A) from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. The association between antidepressant monotherapy and the risk of incident dementia was quantified with hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained from Cox regression models unadjusted and adjusted for 42 covariates. The robustness of the results was tested with 24 sensitivity analyses: 19 analyses restricted to subsamples with plausible differential dementia risks (e.g., anxiety and depression), and 5 analyses across and within antidepressant drug classes.Results: In the primary analysis, the risk of incident dementia for the group exposed to antidepressant monotherapy compared to the group unexposed to antidepressants was estimated with an unadjusted HR = 4.09 (df = 1, 95% Wald CI = 3.64, 4.60) and an adjusted HR = 3.43 (df = 1, 95% Wald CI = 3.04, 3.88). Across the 24 sensitivity analyses the estimated adjusted HR values ranged from 1.99 to 5.47.Conclusion: In this study, monotherapeutic antidepressant exposure in old age was associated with increased incident dementia. Clinicians, caregivers, and patients may wish to consider this potentially negative consequence of antidepressant exposure and aim to balance the costs and benefits of treatment.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lund, Lars H, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and design of ENDEAVOR: A sequential phase 2b-3 randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of myeloperoxidase inhibition on symptoms and exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction.
- 2023
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Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - 1879-0844.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitiperstat (formerly AZD4831) is a novel selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor. Currently, no effective therapies target comorbidity-induced systemic inflammation, which may be a key mechanism underlying heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF). Circulating neutrophils secrete myeloperoxidase, causing oxidative stress, microvascular endothelial dysfunction, interstitial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte remodelling and diastolic dysfunction. Mitiperstat may therefore improve function of the heart and other organs, and ameliorate heart failure symptoms and exercise intolerance. ENDEAVOR is a combined, seamless phase 2b-3 study of the efficacy and safety of mitiperstat in patients with HFpEF/HFmrEF.In phase 2b, approximately 660 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction >40% are being randomized 1:1:1 to mitiperstat 2.5 mg, 5 mg or placebo for 48 weeks. Eligible patients have baseline 6-min walk distance (6MWD) of 30-400 m with a <50 m difference between screening and randomization and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS) ≤90 points at screening and randomization. The dual primary endpoints are change from baseline to week 16 in 6MWD and KCCQ-TSS. The sample size provides 85% power to detect placebo-adjusted improvements of 21 m in 6MWD and 6.0 points in KCCQ-TSS at overall two-sided alpha of 0.05. Safety is monitored throughout treatment, with a focus on maculopapular rash. In phase 3 of ENDEAVOR, approximately 820 patients will be randomized 1:1 to mitiperstat or placebo.ENDEAVOR is the first phase 2b-3 study to evaluate whether myeloperoxidase inhibition can improve symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF/HFmrEF.
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| 20. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Aggressive groundwater chemistry caused by underground constructions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, Norway, August 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When considering the degradation process and lifetime of the support system and equipment in underground facilities, the selection of materials is (normally) based on established criteria for the chemical composition of the groundwater. This is important for decisions regarding the steel quality and protection of reinforcement bolts, as well as the material used for the waterproofing system and lining. The criteria are imposed through groundwater sampling and analysis of groundwater prior to the construction of an underground facility. However, studies of the impact on groundwater chemistry from the construction of underground structures and experiments with groundwater extraction indicate that the groundwater chemistry is likely to change over time. Underground facilities are known to cause hydrological changes, especially during the construction phase. However, extensive monitoring programmes of groundwater chemistry are unusual. To further investigate possible changes of water chemistry due to hydrological changes, an experiment with groundwater extraction has been carried out. The experiment was conducted through the constant extraction of groundwater for a period of five years (between the years 2000 and 2005) from within a small watershed (28000 m2) at Lake Gårdsjön, located 50 km north of Gothenburg in Sweden. The area was also monitored during a few years before the extraction started and during the recovery phase. The area of the experiment is characterized by Precambrian crystalline bedrock covered by a thin overburden of glacial till and organic soils. The extraction caused the runoff from the watershed to decrease by nearly 50 % and the groundwater level to fluctuate more than at a nearby reference area. The hydrological impact of the experiment, with increased groundwater recharge, lead to changes and increased seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the groundwater in the bedrock. The hydrochemical variations were caused by seasonal variations in both the amount of water available for groundwater recharge and the chemical composition of the recharging water. Compared to the reference area, the seasonal variations were observed to increase for all the parameters included in the criteria used by the Swedish authorities for selection of construction materials (pH, hardness (Ca), alkalinity, salinity (EC)). An established method to assess the impact of the water composition on the corrosion of steel materials is the use of Langeliers index. The experiment with groundwater extraction caused a larger fluctuation of Langeliers index in the test area compared to the reference area. The results from the experiment confirm the observations from previous tunnelling projects, and show that the methods commonly used to assess the expected future aggressivity of the groundwater in the planning for underground facilities should be reviewed.
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| 21. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochemical changes caused by underground constructions - A case study of the Kattleberg rail tunnel
- 2015
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Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7952. ; 191, s. 86-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Afield study was carried out during the construction phase of the Kattleberg rail tunnel in Sweden to improve the understanding of changes in hydrology, hydrogeology and hydrochemistry related to tunnelling and as part of a research programme where the aim was to predict such changes. A significant conclusion from the study is that knowledge and understanding of geology and hydrogeology are paramount to understanding the hydrochemistry and predicting its temporal and spatial variations. In the study, leakage of water into the tunnel during the construction phase caused changes in the hydrogeology with increased groundwater flow and a lowering of the groundwater level in the bedrock and in the overburden, resulting in a change in the hydrochemistry. The hydrochemistry of the runoff water in a shallow stream in the study area was relatively unaffected by tunnel construction work. The stratigraphy at Kattleberg includes a layer of clay, which probably limited hydrological contact between the tunnel and the shallow waters and thus also hydrochemical changes in the stream and surrounding wetland. An observed slight lowering of pH and alkalinity in the groundwater in the bedrock was probably caused by the construction activities. The results from two short (approximately 5 m) groundwater boreholes drilled from inside the tunnel revealed contradictory results because of geological differences. One of the boreholes (drilled in rock with few fractures) was influenced significantly by the waterproofing grout (e.g. pH > 10) while the other (drilled in a fracture zone) revealed hydrochemical conditions similar to those in the surrounding bedrock (e.g. pH 7.5-8.5). Dissolved Fe and Mn were detected in the borehole, which revealed conditions similar to the surrounding bedrock. In the other borehole, the concentrations of Fe and Mn were below the detection limit. The impact of shallow waters was evident in the two boreholes through the presence of DOC. According to the requirements laid down by the Swedish authorities that were in force during construction of the tunnel, reinforcement bolts with complementary protection against corrosion would be required at this location. The Langelier saturation index was calculated for the groundwater in the bedrock and revealed increasingly corrosive properties during the construction period.
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| 22. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochemical impact of construction of the western section of the Hallandsås rail tunnel in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-9537 .- 1435-9529. ; 76:2, s. 751-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study of the hydrochemicalchanges that took place during construction of a section ofthe Hallandsa°s rail tunnel in southwest Sweden based onmonitoring from spring 2011 to summer 2012. Leakageinto the tunnel during construction caused lowering of thegroundwater levels, which in turn resulted in a decrease inor absence of base flow in the streams. The water in thestreams became dominated by meteoric water during thedrawdown periods. Meanwhile, wetlands were aerated, andoxygen could penetrate to oxidise reduced S, releasingacids and SO4. The results for the groundwater in thebedrock differed spatially depending on local geologicalconditions. In each of the three monitored boreholes,higher redox potentials, higher concentrations of organicmatter and lower concentrations of dissolved Mn and Fewere observed. In two of the boreholes, oxidation of pyrite,FeS2, present as a fracture mineral, caused the formation ofSO4 and acids with subsequent falls in pH and alkalinity.Leakage into underground constructions generally shortensthe residence time of the groundwater significantly. Silicate weathering would thus become less important for thehydrochemistry compared to processes that occur duringshorter time frames. As regards the durability of the tunnel, the hydrochemical changes observed in two of the three boreholes indicate a more aggressive environment forseveral parameters known to increase corrosivity of steel.The recovery of the groundwater levels occurred rapidlyfollowing completion of the waterproofing systems in theTunnel. However, hydrochemical recovery with regard tomajor ions and pH occurred gradually and with an expectedduration of several years.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Olofsson, Roger, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated hepatic perfusion as a treatment for uveal melanoma liver metastases (the SCANDIUM trial) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 15, s. 317-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite successful control of the primary tumor, metastatic disease will ultimately develop in approximately 50% of patients, with the liver being the most common site for metastases. The median survival for patients with liver metastases is between 6 and 12 months, and no treatment has in randomized trials ever been shown to prolong survival. A previous phase II trial using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) has suggested a 14-month increase in overall survival compared with a historic control group consisting of the longest surviving patients in Sweden during the same time period (26 versus 12 months). Methods/Design: This is the protocol for a multicenter phase III trial randomizing patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma to IHP or best alternative care (BAC). Inclusion criteria include liver metastases (verified by biopsy) and no evidence of extra-hepatic tumor manifestations by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). The primary endpoint is overall survival at 24 months, with secondary endpoints including response rate, progression-free survival, and quality of life. The planned sample size is 78 patients throughout five years. Discussion: Patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma origin have a short expected survival and no standard treatment option exists. This is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate IHP as a treatment option with overall survival being the primary endpoint.
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| 25. |
- Raymond, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of Frailty from Adulthood into Old Age : Results from a 27-Year Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 75:10, s. 1943-1950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Frailty is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. However, longitudinal drivers of frailty are not well understood. This study aimed at investigating the longitudinal trajectories of a frailty index (FI) from adulthood to late life and identifying the factors associated with the level and rate of change in FI. METHODS: An age-based latent growth curve analysis was performed in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (N = 1,842; aged 29-102 years) using data from up to 15 measurement waves across 27 years. A 42-item FI was used to measure frailty at each wave. RESULTS: A bilinear, two-slope model with a turning point at age 65 best described the age-related change in FI, showing that the increase in frailty was more than twice as fast after age 65. Underweight, obesity, female sex, overweight, being separated from one's co-twin during childhood, smoking, poor social support, and low physical activity were associated with a higher FI at age 65, with underweight having the largest effect size. When tested as time-varying covariates, underweight and higher social support were associated with a steeper increase in FI before age 65, whereas overweight and obesity were associated with less steep increase in FI after age 65. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with the level and rate of change in frailty are largely actionable and could provide targets for intervention. As deviations from normal weight showed the strongest associations with frailty, future public health programs could benefit from monitoring of individuals with abnormal BMI, especially those who are underweight.
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| 26. |
- Shirazi Fard, Shahrzad, et al.
(författare)
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The terminal basal mitosis of chicken retinal Lim1 horizontal cells is not sensitive to cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cell Cycle. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-4101 .- 1551-4005. ; 13:23, s. 3698-3706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For proper development, cells need to coordinate proliferation and cell cycle-exit. This is mediated by a cascade of proteins making sure that each phase of the cell cycle is controlled before the initiation of the next. Retinal progenitor cells divide during the process of interkinetic nuclear migration, where they undergo S-phase on the basal side, followed by mitoses on the apical side of the neuroepithelium. The final cell cycle of chicken retinal horizontal cells (HCs) is an exception to this general cell cycle behavior. Lim1 expressing (+) horizontal progenitor cells (HPCs) have a heterogenic final cell cycle, with some cells undergoing a terminal mitosis on the basal side of the retina. The results in this study show that this terminal basal mitosis of Lim1+ HPCs is not dependent on Chk1/2 for its regulation compared to retinal cells undergoing interkinetic nuclear migration. Neither activating nor blocking Chk1 had an effect on the basal mitosis of Lim1+ HPCs. Furthermore, the Lim1+ HPCs were not sensitive to cisplatin-induced DNA damage and were able to continue into mitosis in the presence of γ-H2AX without activation of caspase-3. However, Nutlin3a-induced expression of p21 did reduce the mitoses, suggesting the presence of a functional p53/p21 response in HPCs. In contrast, the apical mitoses were blocked upon activation of either Chk1/2 or p21, indicating the importance of these proteins during the process of interkinetic nuclear migration. Inhibiting Cdk1 blocked M-phase transition both for apical and basal mitoses. This confirmed that the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex was active and functional during the basal mitosis of Lim1+ HPCs. The regulation of the final cell cycle of Lim1+ HPCs is of particular interest since it has been shown that the HCs are able to sustain persistent DNA damage, remain in the cell cycle for an extended period of time and, consequently, survive for months.
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| 27. |
- Sundström, Malin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Detaljhandel i förändring : konsumentinsikt, värdenät och nya affärsmodeller
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detaljhandeln är en bransch som ofta genomgår förändringar eftersom den agerar på en snabbrörlig konsumentmarknad. Managementfrågor inom handeln tar därför sin utgångspunkt i hur efterfrågan och köpvanor ser ut och syftar traditionellt till att styra upp företagens affärsmodeller, butiksformat och koncept. Den här texten beskriver en detaljhandel i förändring där förändringsmotorn är digitalisering och bränslet är konsumenters beteende. Författarna belyser viktiga förändringar som nya värdenät och affärsmodeller och ger praktiska exempel på företag som anpassat sig till en sådan verlighet. Det handlar om att hantera transformering, att gå från att vara del av en traditionell värdekedja till att bli motor i ett innovativt nätverk där företag samverkar utan tydliga produktionsgränser mellan tillverkare, transportör, grossist och återförsäljare. Butikerna får på så sätt en helt ny och innovativ roll där en viktig lärdom är att tänka ”utifrån och in” och att ständigt fokusera på vad konsumenterna vill ha.Det växer alltid fram nya trender i samhället och digitaliseringen är en av de mest markanta i modern tid. Konsumenter vill kunna välja mellan att hämta varorna i en butik, få dem hemsända eller levererade var som helst och när som helst. De vill också kunna returnera varor till butik eller annat inlämningsställe på ett enkelt sätt. Nyckelorden är enkelhet, flexibilitet, bekvämlighet och transparens, vilket ökar kraven på helhetssyn och styrning. I den här rapporten tydliggörs dessa krav och sammanfattas i behovet av samarbete, gemensam utveckling och innovation i hela nätverket och i den totala kedjan från tillverkare till konsument.
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| 28. |
- Wåhlin, Anna, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal convection in water heated by infrared radiation and cooled by evaporation : scaling analysis and experimental results
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6495 .- 1600-0870. ; 62:2, s. 154-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of horizontal convection with a free surface has been conducted. Fresh water was heated from above by an infrared lamp placed at one end of a tank, and cooled by evaporation as the water moved away from the heat source. The heat radiated from the lamp was absorbed in a thin (less than 1 mm) layer next to the surface, and then advected and diffused away from the lamp region. Latent heat loss dominated the surface cooling processes and accounted for at least 80% of the energy loss. The velocity and temperature fields were recorded with PIV technology, thermometers and an infrared camera. In similarity with previous horizontal convection experiments the measurements showed a closed circulation with a gradually cooling surface current moving away from the lamp. Below the surface current the water was stably stratified with a comparatively thick and slow return current. The thickness and speed, and hence the mass transport, of the surface- and the return current increased with distance from the lamp. The latent cooling at the free surface gives a heat flux which increases with the temperature difference between the surface water and the air above it. Hence the surface temperature relaxes towards an equilibrium value, for which the heat flux is zero. The main new result is a scaling law, taking into account this relaxation boundary condition for the surface temperature. The new scaling includes a (relaxation) length scale for the surface temperature, equivalent to the distance the surface current travels before it has lost the heat that was gained underneath the lamp. The length scale increases with the forcing strength and the (molecular) thermal diffusivity but decreases with the strength of the relaxation. Numerical simulations of this problem for a shallow tank have also been performed. The velocity and temperature in the laboratory and numerical experiments agree with the scaling laws in the upper part of the tank, but not in the lower.
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