| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Readiness of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for LHC collisions
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:4, s. 1193-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector has undergone extensive testing in the experimental hall since its installation in late 2005. The readout, control and calibration systems have been fully operational since 2007 and the detector has successfully collected data from the LHC single beams in 2008 and first collisions in 2009. This paper gives an overview of the Tile Calorimeter performance as measured using random triggers, calibration data, data from cosmic ray muons and single beam data. The detector operation status, noise characteristics and performance of the calibration systems are presented, as well as the validation of the timing and energy calibration carried out with minimum ionising cosmic ray muons data. The calibration systems' precision is well below the design value of 1%. The determination of the global energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 4%.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the performance of the ATLAS detector using cosmic-ray muons
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muons from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere provide a high-statistics source of particles that can be used to study the performance and calibration of the ATLAS detector. Cosmic-ray muons can penetrate to the cavern and deposit energy in all detector subsystems. Such events have played an important role in the commissioning of the detector since the start of the installation phase in 2005 and were particularly important for understanding the detector performance in the time prior to the arrival of the first LHC beams. Global cosmic-ray runs were undertaken in both 2008 and 2009 and these data have been used through to the early phases of collision data-taking as a tool for calibration, alignment and detector monitoring. These large datasets have also been used for detector performance studies, including investigations that rely on the combined performance of different subsystems. This paper presents the results of performance studies related to combined tracking, lepton identification and the reconstruction of jets and missing transverse energy. Results are compared to expectations based on a cosmic-ray event generator and a full simulation of the detector response.
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 787-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 +/- 0.9 mu m and a relative momentum resolution sigma (p) /p=(4.83 +/- 0.16)x10(-4) GeV(-1)xp (T) have been measured for high momentum tracks.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 823-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes.
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| 5. |
- Marra, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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ORR activity and stability of carbon supported Pt3Y thin films in PEMFCs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate stability of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a Pt3Y thin film under relevant fuel cell conditions, we performed an accelerated stress test (AST) consisting of 3600 potential cycles between 0.4 and 1.4 V at 1 V s−1 in a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The ORR activities were evaluated via polarization curves before and after the AST. Electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) was obtained by CO-stripping voltammetry whereas the morphological changes were monitored by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Variations in surface composition and electronic structures were evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After AST, the polarization curves show loss of ORR activity in all voltages for both Pt and Pt3Y. Except at very high voltages (E > 0.85 VRHE), the ORR activity of Pt3Y after AST is very close to that of Pt before AST. This correlates well with the results from the deconvolution of Pt-4f XPS spectra where the binding energy of metallic Pt in Pt3Y is comparable to pure Pt (71.22 eV). SEM and TEM images demonstrate that the morphologies of the aged Pt3Y and as-sputtered Pt are similar, whereas EDX results confirm a steady bulk composition of Pt3Y thin films throughout the entire electrochemical test. By correlating all these results, we conclude that the loss of ORR activity for Pt3Y is due to an increase in the thickness of the Pt overlayer which induces a relaxation of the Pt overlayer decreasing the compressive strain effect. For pure Pt, the loss of ORR activity is associated with a growth of the Pt domains associated with Ostwald ripening process.
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| 6. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive workload and visual behavior in elderly drivers with hearing loss
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 6:4, s. 377-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to examine eye tracking data and compare visual behavior in individuals with normal hearing (NH) and with moderate hearing loss (HL) during two types of driving conditions: normal driving and driving while performing a secondary task.Methods24 participants with HL and 24 with NH were exposed to normal driving and to driving with a secondary task (observation and recall of 4 visually displayed letters). Eye movement behavior was assessed during normal driving by the following performance indicators: number of glances away from the road; mean duration of glances away from the road; maximum duration of glances away from the road; and percentage of time looking at the road. During driving with the secondary task, eye movement data were assessed in terms of number of glances to the secondary task display, mean duration of glances to the secondary task display, and maximum duration of glances to the secondary task display. The secondary task performance was assessed as well, counting the number of correct letters, the number of skipped letters, and the number of correct letters ignoring order.ResultsWhile driving with the secondary task, drivers with HL looked twice as often in the rear-view mirror than during normal driving and twice as often as drivers with NH regardless of condition. During secondary task, the HL group looked away from the road more frequently but for shorter durations than the NH group. Drivers with HL had fewer correct letters and more skipped letters than drivers with NH.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 875-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bergeås Kuutmann, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of Pion and Proton Response and Longitudinal Shower Profiles up to 20 Nuclear Interaction Lengths with the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 615:2, s. 158-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response of pions and protons in the energy range of 20–180 GeV, produced at CERN's SPS H8 test-beam line in the ATLAS iron–scintillator Tile hadron calorimeter, has been measured. The test-beam configuration allowed the measurement of the longitudinal shower development for pions and protons up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths. It was found that pions penetrate deeper in the calorimeter than protons. However, protons induce showers that are wider laterally to the direction of the impinging particle. Including the measured total energy response, the pion-to-proton energy ratio and the resolution, all observations are consistent with a higher electromagnetic energy fraction in pion-induced showers. The data are compared with GEANT4 simulations using several hadronic physics lists. The measured longitudinal shower profiles are described by an analytical shower parametrization within an accuracy of 5–10%. The amount of energy leaking out behind the calorimeter is determined and parametrized as a function of the beam energy and the calorimeter depth. This allows for a leakage correction of test-beam results in the standard projective geometry.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergqvist, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor E2-2 is involved in T lymphocyte development
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 30:10, s. 2857-2863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- E2A, HEB and E2-2 genes encode a group of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that are structurally and functionally similar. Deletion of the genes encoding either of these proteins leads to early lethality and a block in B lymphocyte development. Evidence for a function in T lymphocyte development has, however, only been reported for E2A and HEB. To further elucidate the role of E2-2 at developmental stages that have proven difficult to study due to the early lethality phenotype of mice defective in E2-2, we generated and analyzed mice conditionally mutated in the E2-2 gene. These mice are mosaic with respect to E2-2 expression, consisting of cells with either one functional and one null mutated E2-2 allele or two null mutated alleles. Using this experimental model, we find that cells with a homozygous null mutated E2-2 gene are under-represented in B lymphocyte as well as T lymphocyte cell lineages as compared to other hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cell lineages. Our data suggests that E2-2 deficiency leads to a partial block in both B and T lymphocyte development. The block in T cell development appears to occur at an early stage in differentiation, since skewing in the mosaicism is observed already in CD4+8+ double-positive thymocytes.
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| 27. |
- Björk, Göran, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Flow of Canadian Basin Deep Water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
- 2010
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Ingår i: Deep Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637 .- 1879-0119. ; 57:4, s. 577-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LOMROG 2007 expedition targeted the previously unexplored southern part of the Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland together with a section from the Morris Jesup Rise to Gakkel Ridge. The oceanographic data shows that Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW) passes the Lomonosov Ridge in the area of the Intra Basin close to the North Pole and then continues along the ridge towards Greenland and further along its northernmost continental slope. The CBDW is clearly evident as a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at a depth of about 2000 m. The cross slope sections at the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge and further south at the Morris Jesup Rise show a sharp frontal structure higher up in the water column between Makarov Basin water and Amundsen Basin water. The frontal structure continues upward into the Atlantic Water up to a depth of about 300 m. The observed water mass division at levels well above the ridge crest indicates a strong topographic steering of the flow and that different water masses tend to pass the ridge guided by ridge-crossing isobaths at local topographic heights and depressions. A rough scaling analysis shows that the extremely steep and sharply turning bathymetry of the Morris Jesup Rise may force the boundary current to separate and generate deep eddies.
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| 28. |
- Brown, Rosemary, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Surface Composition of a Highly Active Pt3Y Alloy Catalyst for Application in Low Temperature Fuel Cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fuel Cells. - : Wiley. - 1615-6846 .- 1615-6854. ; 20:4, s. 413-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, platinum is the most widely used catalyst for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However, the kinetics at the cathode are slow, and the price of platinum is high. To improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode, platinum can be alloyed with rare earth elements, such as yttrium. We report that Pt3Y has the potential to be over 2 times more active for the ORR compared with Pt inside a real fuel cell. We present detailed photoemission analysis into the nature of the sputtered catalyst surface, using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) to examine if surface adsorbates or impurities are present and can be removed. Pretreatment removes most of the yttrium oxide in the surface leaving behind a Pt overlayer which is only a few monolayers thick. Evidence of a substochiometric oxide peak in the Y 3d core level is presented, this oxide extends into the surface even after Ar+ sputter cleaning in-situ. This information will aid the development of new highly active nanocatalysts for employment in real fuel cell electrodes.
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| 29. |
- Erikson, Martin G, et al.
(författare)
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Från Högskolan i Borås till Humboldt, volym 4
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport består av åtta kapitel baserade på en seminarieserie om akademiskt ansvar, som arrangerades av Högskolan i Borås under 2015 och 2016. Seminarierna utgjorde den fjärde omgången av de så kallade Humboldtseminarierna, som högskolan arrangerat i olika omgångar sedan 2010. Vid Humboldtseminarierna har aktuella frågor kring akademins möjligheter och utmaningar belysts utifrån olika teman, inte minst kopplat till samhällets förväntningar på forskning och högre utbildning. I det perspektivet blev akademiskt ansvar ett naturligt tema för den fjärde och avslutande omgången av Humboldtseminarierna. Just kopplingen till samhällsnytta är också en röd tråd igenom rapporten. Författarna skriver utifrån skilda erfarenheter som forskare, lärare och akademiska ledare – inte minst är rektorsperspektivet väl företrätt. Ett annat återkommande ämne är kopplingen mellan akademiskt ansvar och akademisk frihet, där ansvaret inte minst bidrar till att legitimera friheten. Kollegialitet är en viktig fråga för flera av författarna, både som princip för kvalitetsstyrning och som beslutsform. Sammantaget visar de olika bidragen att akademiskt ansvar berör många frågor av stor relevans för forskare, lärare, ledare och studenter, men också för intressenter utanför akademin. Där har författarnas bidrag goda möjligheter att ge nya insikter och inspirera till fortsatta diskussioner inom många olika områden.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Eriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced oxygen reduction activity with rare earth metal alloy catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alloying platinum is an approach to increase the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and at the same time reduce the amount of precious platinum catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In this work the cathode activity of thin films of rare earth metals (REM) alloys, Pt Y, Pt Gd and Pt Tb, produced by sputter deposition onto gas diffusion layers, are evaluated in a fuel cell by means of polarization curves in O /H , and cyclic- and CO-stripping voltammetry in N /5% H . Prior to evaluation, the model electrodes were acid-treated to obtain a Pt skin covering the PtREM alloy bulk, as was revealed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The core shell alloys of Pt Y and Pt Gd catalysts show a specific activity enhancement at 0.9 V of 2.5 times compared to pure Pt. The slightly lower enhancement factor of 2.0 for Pt Tb is concluded to be due to leaching of the REM, that resulted in a thicker, and subsequently less strained, Pt overlayer. The high activity, combined with the minor changes in surface composition, achieved in the fuel cell environment shows that PtREM core shell catalysts are promising for the cathode reaction in PEMFC.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Combustion of wood hydrolysis residue in a 150 kW powder burner
- 2004
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 83:11-12, s. 1635-1641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combustion test has been made with residues from hydrolysis of wood for fuel ethanol production. A 150 kW powder burner was used. Fuel feeding and combustion were stable. The average concentration of CO in the stack gas was 8 mg/MJ, the average concentration of NOx was 59 mg/MJ and the average total hydrocarbon concentration was below 1 ppm, at an average O2-concentration of 4.6%. The low contents of potassium and sodium in the hydrolysis residue make the material attractive as a gas turbine fuel and the conclusion of this test is that direct combustion may be a feasible approach for gas turbine applications.
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| 34. |
- Eriksson, Joakim, 1977-
(författare)
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Coping with decisions on deviations in complex product development projects
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A strong need for resource efficiency within manufacturing companies have been driven extensively through pro-active planning and methods which have naturally resulted in an increased amount of strong couplings between product development projects, their activities, and resources. These strong couplings mean a high level of complexity where deviations are likely to occur on a regular basis which can spread quickly and have far reaching consequences. Praxis related to treatment of such deviations in product development projects has not been widely discussed. The subsequent question is therefore How are decisions on managing deviations made in practice?A Practice approach has been adopted in this research and led on to the use of context sensitive research methods in order to collect relevant data. The main amount of data has been gathered through one year of participant observations and document retrieval in a product development project. Also, a large amount of interviews have been used as a method for collecting data.38 deviations have been analysed through the identification of praxis which has been primarily analysed by three theories. The first theory, decision roles, has been used to clarify the different types of uncertainties people within complex product development projects need to manage in practice. The second theory, loosely coupled systems, shows how temporary organizing by loose couplings enables parallel management of both planned and unplanned activities when deviations occur. The third theory, Sensemaking, have been used to characterise processes related to different types of uncertainties.Conclusions are drawn regarding how people acts related to deviations are directly dependent on the types of uncertainties of the context as well as the situation itself. Uncertainties regarding choices, responsibilities, mobilization, and legitimization combined with the temporary organization leads to certain praxis patterns. The patterns can be used by project managers and other decision makers as a way of discussing temporary organization and how process emerge within the organization today, and how they would like resulting processes to be managed when deviations occur.
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| 35. |
- Eriksson, Joakim, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Decisions on managing project deviations in practice
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Project Organisation and Management. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1740-2891 .- 1740-2905.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a case study aimed at investigating how decisions are made on managing deviations in complex product development projects. The results are based on the analysis of data collected from participant observations, as well as interviews with project managers from seven large manufacturing companies. The data is analysed according to four types of sensemaking processes. This research examines why these processes are used in different situations and further explore their characteristics and at their relationship with the different roles decisions play in organizations. The factors driving controlled and uncontrolled sensemaking are also examined. This research contributes to knowledge of how project managers use different praxes to manage deviations in complex, socially and politically sensitive environments. The results can be used by decision makers within complex product development in order to assist them in managing deviations, proactively as well as reactively.
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| 36. |
- Eriksson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Blood lipids in 75,048 type 2 diabetic patients: a population-based survey from the Swedish National diabetes register.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology. - 1741-8275 .- 1741-8267. ; 18:1, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes and diabetic dyslipidemia are high-risk conditions for cardiovascular disease. However, the description of the distribution of blood lipids in diabetic patients has not been based on population-based surveys. The aim of this study was to describe diabetic dyslipidemia in a large unselected sample of patients from the Swedish National Diabetes Register.
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Linnea J., et al.
(författare)
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Autoplant—Autonomous Site Preparation and Tree Planting for a Sustainable Bioeconomy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 15:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable forestry requires efficient regeneration methods to ensure that new forests are established quickly. In Sweden, 99% of the planting is manual, but finding labor for this arduous work is difficult. An autonomous scarifying and planting machine with high precision, low environmental impact, and a good work environment would meet the needs of the forest industry. For two years, a collaborative group of researchers, manufacturers, and users (forest companies) has worked together on developing and testing a new concept for autonomous forest regeneration (Autoplant). The concept comprises several subsystems, i.e., regeneration and route planning, autonomous driving (path planning), new technology for forest regeneration with minimal environmental impact, automatic plant management, crane motion planning, detection of planting spots, and follow-up. The subsystems were tested separately and integrated together during a field test at a clearcut. The concept shows great potential, especially from an environmental perspective, with significantly reduced soil disturbances, from approximately 50% (the area proportion of the area disturbed by disc trenching) to less than 3%. The Autoplant project highlights the challenges and opportunities related to future development, e.g., the relation between machine cost and operating speed, sensor robustness in response to vibrations and weather, and precision in detecting the size and type of obstacles during autonomous driving and planting.
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| 38. |
- Hägg, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Expression profiling of macrophages from subjects with atherosclerosis to identify novel susceptibility genes.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular medicine. - 1107-3756. ; 21:6, s. 697-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a number of environmental risk factors for atherosclerosis have been identified, heredity seems to be a significant independent risk factor. The aim of our study was to identify novel susceptibility genes for atherosclerosis. The screening process consisted of three steps. First, expression profiles of macrophages from subjects with atherosclerosis were compared to macrophages from control subjects. Secondly, the subjects were genotyped for promoter region polymorphisms in genes with altered gene expression. Thirdly, a population of subjects with coronary heart disease and control subjects were genotyped to test for an association with identified polymorphisms that affected gene expression. Twenty-seven genes were differentially expressed in both macrophages and foam cells from subjects with atherosclerosis. Three of these genes, IRS2, CD86 and SLC11A1 were selected for further analysis. Foam cells from subjects homozygous for the C allele at the -765C-->T SNP located in the promoter region of IRS2 had increased gene expression compared to foam cells from subjects with the nonCC genotype. Also, macrophages and foam cells from subjects homozygous for allele 2 at a repeat element in the promoter region of SLC11A1 had increased gene expression compared to macrophages and foam cells from subjects with the non22 genotype. Genotyping of 512 pairs of subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) and matched controls revealed that subjects homozygous for C of the IRS2 SNP had an increased risk for CHD; odds ratio 1.43, p=0.010. Immunohistochemical staining of human carotid plaques showed that IRS2 expression was localised to macrophages and endothelial cells in vivo. Our method provides a reliable approach for identifying susceptibility genes for atherosclerosis, and we conclude that elevated IRS2 gene expression in macrophages may be associated with an increased risk of CHD.
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Ann-Sofie, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Germ line insertions of moloney murine leukemia virus in the TLL mouse causes site-specific differences in lymphoma/leukemia frequency and tumor immunophenotype
- 2006
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 26:4B, s. 2873-2878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) has proven valuable for studies of the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma. Inoculation of newborn mice induces T cell lymphoma with 100% incidence. The TLL (T cell lymphoma/leukemia)-strain was previously established and was shown to spontaneously develop T cell lymphoma at high frequency. Materials and Methods: Differential screening of cDNA libraries was performed to discover an involvement of Mo-MLV and genomic sequencing was used to identify the chromosomal position of Mo-MLV proviral integration sites. Immunophenotypes of the tumors were established by flow cytometry. Disease frequency curves were created according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Two independent Mo-MLV germ line integrations were characterized on chromosomes 2 and 14, giving rise to two substrains of mice denoted TLL-2 and TLL-14. The chromosomal position of the integrated provirus affected the frequency of disease, as well as the immunophenotype of the tumors. Conclusion: The data suggest that factors influencing the transcriptional activity of the chromosomal regions, leading to differences in proviral expression, could underlie the observed difference in tumor frequency.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Landén, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Compounds with affinity for serotonergic receptors in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria: a comparison of buspirone, nefazodone and placebo.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology. - 0033-3158. ; 155:3, s. 292-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: It is well established that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are effective for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria (PMD), but the receptor subtype(s) mediating this effect of serotonin have yet not been identified. OBJECTIVE: In this trial, the possible efficacy of buspirone, a partial 5HT1A receptor agonist, and nefazodone, a combined SRI and 5HT2 receptor antagonist, was evaluated in women with PMD. METHODS: After a three-menstrual-cycle screening phase, patients were randomised to buspirone (n=19), nefazodone (n=22) or placebo (n=22). During the first two treatment cycles, patients were taking the drug during the luteal phase only (mean +/- SD daily dose of buspirone: 21 +/- 6 mg; nefazodone: 228 +/- 54 mg). During the subsequent two cycles, the medication was taken each day of the menstrual cycle (mean daily dose of buspirone: 27 +/- 10 mg; nefazodone: 304 +/- 95 mg). RESULTS: With respect to self-rated global improvement, buspirone (P<0.001) but not nefazodone was significantly superior to placebo. While buspirone appeared to reduce self-rated irritability (visual analogue scale) more effectively than placebo, other self-rated symptoms did not differ markedly between the groups. The side-effects were mild, and sexual dysfunction was not significantly more common in patients given buspirone or nefazodone than in those given placebo. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that buspirone is mildly effective for premenstrual irritability. In patients experiencing sexual dysfunction when treated with an SRI, buspirone may be a useful alternative.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lidestam, Björn, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Speed perception affected by field of view : Energy-based versus rhythm-based processing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 65, s. 227-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two experiments were carried out to test speed perception dependency on field of view (FoV), virtual road markings (VRMs), and presentation orders. The primary purpose was to examine how the extent of the optic flow (foremost peripherally–vertically) informs the driver about egospeed. A second purpose was to examine different task demands and stimulus characteristics supporting rhythm-based versus energy-based processing. A third purpose was to examine speed changes indicative of changes in motion sensitivity. Participants were tested in a car simulator, with FoV resembling low front-door windows, and with VRMs inside the car. Three main results were found. Larger FoV, both horizontally and peripherally–vertically, significantly reduced participants' speed, as did VRMs. Delineator posts and road center lines were used for participants' rhythm-based processing, when the task was to drive at target speeds. Rich motion-flow cues presented initially resulted in lower egospeed in subsequent conditions with relatively less motion-flow cues. The practical implication is that non-iconic, naturalistic and intuitive interfaces can effectively instill spontaneous speed adaptation in drivers.
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| 44. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity is associated with coronary artery stenosis independently of metabolic risk factors : the population-based SCAPIS study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 362, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous studies reported divergent results on whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased coronary artery calcium and carotid plaques. We investigated this in a cross-sectional fashion in a large, well-defined, middle-aged population using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and carotid ultrasound. Methods: In the SCAPIS study (50–65 years, 51% female), CCTA and carotid artery ultrasound were performed in 23,674 individuals without clinical atherosclerotic disease. These subjects were divided into six groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the NCEP consensus criteria. Results: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was increased in individuals with obesity without MetS compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.34–1.62; p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for non-HDL-cholesterol and several lifestyle factors. Such difference was not observed for the presence of carotid artery plaques (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87–1.02; p = 0.11). Obese or overweight individuals without any MetS criteria (except the waist criterion) showed significantly more pronounced stenosis in the coronary arteries as compared to the normal-weight individuals, while one criterion was needed to show increased plaque prevalence in the carotid arteries. High blood pressure was the most important single criterion for increased atherosclerosis in this respect. Conclusions: Individuals with obesity without MetS showed increased severity of coronary artery stenosis, but no increased occurrence of carotid artery plaques compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS, further emphasizing that obesity is not a benign condition even in the absence of MetS.
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| 45. |
- Lindahl, Niklas, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel Cell Measurements with Cathode Catalysts of Sputtered Pt3Y Thin Films
- 2018
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 11:9, s. 1438-1445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fuel cells are foreseen to have an important role in sustainable energy systems, provided that catalysts with higher activity and stability are developed. In this study, highly active sputtered thin films of platinum alloyed with yttrium (Pt 3 Y) are deposited on commercial gas diffusion layers and their performance in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is measured. After acid pretreatment, the alloy is found to have up to 2.5 times higher specific activity than pure platinum. The performance of Pt 3 Y is much higher than that of pure Pt, even if all of the alloying element was leached out from parts of the thin metal film on the porous support. This indicates that an even higher performance is expected if the structure of the Pt 3 Y catalyst or the support could be further improved. The results show that platinum alloyed with rare earth metals can be used as highly active cathode catalyst materials, and significantly reduce the amount of platinum needed, in real fuel cells.
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| 46. |
- Ljungman, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Propositions for refinement of the hybrid surgical technique for treatment of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 97:2, s. 174-177
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional open repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms Crawford type II-IV carries a high perioperative risk and mortality. The hybrid technique for combined surgical and endovascular treatment offers an interesting alternative with reduced risk of paraparesis and possibly a reduced mortality rate. Propositions for refinement of this approach are outlined based on a single centre experience.
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| 47. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
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| 48. |
- Maripuu, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the immune response against extracellular products of group A streptococci during infection
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 14:1, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immune response against the infecting group A streptococcus (GAS) extracellular products (EP) was determined in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 75 patients with different clinical manifestations of GAS infection. All EP elicited a high proliferative response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In patients with bacteremia, low neutralization in acute-phase sera was associated with development of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Lack of neutralization in acute-phase sera was more common in patients infected with the T1emm1 serotype. The majority of patients did not develop the ability to neutralize the mitogenic activity of their infecting isolate despite a significant increase in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer in early convalescent-phase sera. In patients with the ability to neutralize GAS EP, the immune response remained high over at least 3 years. In contrast, the neutralization capacity conferred by intravenous immunoglobulin and/or plasma treatment disappeared within 3 months.
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| 49. |
- Mold, Jeff E., et al.
(författare)
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Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories establish CD8(+) memory T cell heterogeneity during acute viral infections in humans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 35:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CD8(+) T cell response to an antigen is composed of many T cell clones with unique T cell receptors, together forming a heterogeneous repertoire of effector and memory cells. How individual T cell clones contribute to this heterogeneity throughout immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we longitudinally track human CD8(+) T cell clones expanding in response to yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination at the single-cell level. We observed a drop in clonal diversity in blood from the acute to memory phase, suggesting that clonal selection shapes the circulating memory repertoire. Clones in the memory phase display biased differentiation trajectories along a gradient from stem cell to terminally differentiated effector memory fates. In secondary responses, YFV- and influenza-specific CD8(+) T cell clones are poised to recapitulate skewed differentiation trajectories. Collectively, we show that the sum of distinct clonal phenotypes results in the multifaceted human T cell response to acute viral infections.
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| 50. |
- Sondell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Altered walking pattern in a virtual environment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. - Cambridge : MIT Press. - 1054-7460 .- 1531-3263. ; 14:2, s. 191-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Falls and fractures among elderly persons constitute a major health problem. Many falls occur while walking and falls that occur during turning often result in a fracture. Methods aimed at understanding the complex mechanisms involved in walking should therefore assess tested individuals during walks and turns. In order to identify persons at risk and take the correct preventive measures, it is important to find methods that quantify movements as the tested persons are processing multisensory input. In a clinical setting this is sometimes difficult to achieve in a controlled manner, since tests are difficult to set exactly the same from one time to another. Using a virtual environment (VE) and a tracker system, conditions such as light, sound, events, body movements, and room size can be controlled and measured. Tests in VE can therefore be identically reproduced over and over again to evaluate if a person can withstand changing outer demands at any given moment. In order to perform quantitative measures 8 persons (21-74 years) were tested in immersive virtual reality. The VE was a corridor in which expected and unexpected events could be produced. Events studied were doors swinging open in front of the subjects during a walk and a virtual tilting of the environment. Trackers were used for collecting and analyzing the movement data. Our results show that the system was well tolerated among the subjects and that there was a clear tendency that the system could generate fall tendency among the subjects. There was also a difference among the subjects regarding walking strategies when subjected to the various events.
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