| 1. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Fat-free mass hydration in newborns : assessment and implications for body composition studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:5, s. 680-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equipment (Pea Pod) for assessing infant body density accurately and conveniently has recently become available. This density can be converted to body composition using the “Fomon” or the “Butte” model. These models differ regarding the water content in fat-free mass (hydration factor, HF). We assessed HF and its biological variability in newborns and compared results calculated using the two models at one and 12 weeks. Body volume and body weight were measured in 12 infants less than 10 days old using Pea Pod. Their total body water was assessed using isotope dilution. Their HF was found to be 80.9% with low biological variability (0.81% of average HF). Further, Pea Pod was used to assess body density of 108 infants at one and 12 weeks of age. Values for body fat (%) calculated using the “Butte” model were significantly lower than when using the “Fomon” model at one week (p<0.05) and 12 weeks (p<0.01). The difference between the two models was particularly large at one week, probably due to their different HF-values. Our HF-value is in agreement with that in the “Fomon” model and our results support the conclusion that this model is preferable when calculating body composition in infants.
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| 2. |
- Stygar, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) treatment on growth and proliferation in the rat uterus
- 2003
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Ingår i: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. - London, United Kingdom : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1477-7827. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed in order to create means to control estrogenic effects on different tissues. A major drawback in treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer with the antagonist tamoxifen (TAM) is its agonistic effect in the endometrium. Raloxifene (RAL) is the next generation of SERMs where the agonistic effect on the endometrium has been reduced.Methods: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of SERM treatment on the uterus, as assessed by proliferation markers and several factors involved in uterine growth. Ovariectomized (ovx) rats were treated with estradiol (E2), tamoxifen (TAM), RAL, ICI182780 (ICI) or vehicle (OVX-controls). We studied the effects on mRNA levels of the growth hormone (GH) receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), ERalpha and ERbeta. In addition, by immunohistochemistry the proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67, as well as ERalpha and ERbeta, were detected.Results: The uterine weight of the rats treated with E2 or TAM was increased as compared to OVX-controls. The uterine GH-receptor mRNA level was highest in the E2 treated animals. In ICI treated rats no GH-receptor mRNA could be detected. The IGF-I mRNA level increased 16-fold in uteri of the TAM treated group and 9-fold in the E2 treated rats as compared to OVX-controls. The ERalpha mRNA level was increased in the E2 treated rats, while the ERbeta mRNA level was increased after TAM treatment. The proliferation, as assessed by PCNA, was lowest in ICI treated animals.Conclusions: The uterine wet weight, the LE height and the GH-receptor mRNA levels showed similar patterns, indicating that GH is involved in the regulation of uterine weight. Tamoxifen, which has been related to increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma in women, dramatically increased IGF-I mRNA levels in rat uterus. Since proliferation was not higher in TAM and E2 treated rats than in OVX controls, this assay of simple, early proliferation does not give the full explanation of why TAM should enhance the risk of developing endometrial cancer.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition and energy expenditure in response to physical activity in 1.5-year-old children studied by means of the doubly labeled water method
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During recent decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood has increased and studies of the mechanisms involved are motivated. Previous research has shown a correlation between total body fat (TBF) (%) and physical activity level (PAL) but the assessment of PAL has often involved a risk for spurious correlations. Thus we compared PAL calculated using basal metabolic rate (BMR) predicted from equations, based on body weight (PALBMR) and associated with a risk for spurious correlations, with PAL calculated using sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) assessed using indirect calorimetry (PALSMR) in 20 healthy children aged 1.5 years. Total energy expenditure and body fatness were assessed using the doubly labelled water method. Body fatness of these children was also assessed at one week and three months of age. PALBMR was significantly (r=-0.48, p=0.03) correlated with TBF (%) while PALSMR was not. Furthermore, the increase in body fatness between three months and 1.5 years was significantly (r=-0.52, p=0.02) correlated with PALSMR at the age of 1.5 years. Our results indicate complex relationships between body fatness and physical activity in early life. When conducting studies in this area, resting energy metabolism should be measured rather than predicted using equations based on body weight.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body-composition development during early childhood and energy expenditure in response to physical activity in 1.5-y-old children
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 96:3, s. 567-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased recently, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely known. Previous research has shown a correlation between the percentage of total body fat (TBF) and physical activity level (PAL). However, the PAL values used may involve a risk of spurious correlations because they are often based on predicted rather than measured estimates of resting energy metabolism. lObjectives: We studied the development of body composition during early childhood and the relation between the percentage of TBF and PAL on the basis of the measured resting energy metabolism.Design: Body composition was previously measured in 108 children when they were 1 and 12 wk old. When 44 of these children (21 girls and 23 boys) were 1.5 y old, their total energy expenditure and TBF were assessed by using the doubly labeled water method. Resting energy metabolism, which was assessed by using indirect calorimetry, was used to calculate PAL.Results: Significant correlations were shown for TBF (r = 0.32, P = 0.035) and fat-free mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.025) between values (kg) assessed at 12 wk and 1.5 y of age. For TBF (kg) a significant interaction (P = 0.035) indicated a possible sex difference. PAL at 1.5 y was negatively correlated with the percentage of TBF (r = -0.40, P = 0.0076) and the increase in the percentage of TBF between 12 wk and 1.5 y (r = 0.38, P = 0.0105).Conclusions: The results indicate that body fatness and physical activity interact during early childhood and thereby influence obesity risk. Our results are based on a small sample, but nevertheless, they motivate additional studies in boys compared with girls regarding the development of body composition during early life.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition in full-term healthy infants measured with air displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks of age
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:4, s. 563-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To use Pea Pod, a device based on air displacement plethysmography, to study body composition of healthy, full-term infants born to well-nourished women with a western life-style. Methods: Body composition was assessed in 53 girls and 55 boys at 1 week (before 10 days of age) and at 12 weeks (between 77 and 91 days of age). Results: At 1 week girls contained 13.4 +/- 3.7% body fat and boys 12.5 +/- 4.0%. At 12 weeks, these figures were 26.3 +/- 4.2% (girls) and 26.4 +/- 5.1% (boys). Body fat (%) did not differ significantly between the genders. Body fat (%) at the two measurements was not correlated. At 1 week, the weight (r = 0.20, p = 0.044) and BMI (r = 0.26, p = 0.007) of the infants, but not their body fat (g, %) or fat free mass (g), correlated with BMI before pregnancy in their mothers. Conclusions: Pea Pod has potential for use in studies investigating the effect of external (i.e. nutritional status) and internal (i.e. age, gender, gestational age at birth) factors on infant body composition. This may be of value when studying relationships between the nutritional situation during early life and adult health.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, insulin resistance, energy expenditure and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin before, during and after pregnancy in healthy Swedish women
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 103:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy human pregnancy is associated with changes in food intake, body fatness, energy expenditure and insulin resistance. However, available knowledge is limited regarding the physiological basis of these changes. Published evidence suggests that so-called adipokines (i.e. leptin, adiponectin and resistin) have significant roles when such changes are established. We explored, throughout a complete pregnancy, relationships between total body fat (TBF), energy expenditure, insulin resistance (homeostasic model of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Such concentrations were assessed before pregnancy in gestational weeks 8, 14, 20, 32 and 35, and 2 weeks postpartum in twenty-three healthy women. TBF, BMR (n 23) and HOMA-IR (n 17) were assessed before pregnancy in gestational weeks 14 and 32 and 2 weeks postpartum. TBF (%) was correlated with HOMA-IR (r 0.68-0.79, P < 0.01) and with serum leptin (r 0.85-0.88, P < 0.001) before and during pregnancy. Serum leptin was correlated with HOMA-IR (r 0.53-0.70, P < 0.05) before and during pregnancy. Serum adiponectin was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR in gestational week 32 (r - 0.52, P < 0.05). When HOMA-IR was regressed on TBF (%), the slope of the regression line was 0.046 before pregnancy, which was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the corresponding value, 0.111, in gestational week 32. The results indicate that pregnancy has an enhancing effect on the relationship between body fatness and insulin resistance. This effect, possibly mediated by leptin, may represent a mechanism by which offspring size is regulated in response to the nutritional situation of the mother.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-
(författare)
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Metabolic, methodological and developmental aspects of body composition : Studies in women and children with special reference to early life mechanisms behind childhood obesity
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades the number of children with overweight has increased worldwide. To understand the mechanisms behind this development, knowledge regarding metabolism and physiology in relation to the nutritional situation in early life is of importance. In particular, information about body composition development during early childhood is relevant. This thesis presents three studies in this area. In the pregnancy study serum samples, collected from 23 women before, during and after pregnancy, were analysed for serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and used to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in relation to the total body fat (TBF) content of the women. TBF (%) and leptin were significantly correlated with HOMA-IR before and during pregnancy. When HOMA-IR was regressed on TBF (%) the slope of the regression line was 0.111 in gestational week 32 and significantly (p<0.05) higher than the value before pregnancy, 0.046, indicating that healthy pregnancy enhances the relationship between body fatness and insulin resistance. In the HF-study hydration of fat-free mass (hydration factor, HF) was assessed in 12 newborns using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and air displacement plethysmography (PeaPod). HF was 80.9% with a low biological variability (0.81% of average HF). In the longitudinal study the body density of 108 healthy fullterm infants (53 girls, 55 boys) was measured at one and 12 weeks of age using PeaPod. Body composition was calculated using two models (Fomon’s and Butte’s). BMI values for the mothers of the infants were assessed before pregnancy. Body composition and total energy expenditure using the DLW-method were assessed in 20 of these children at the age of 1.5 years, when their sleeping metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry and their resting energy metabolism was calculated using prediction equations. Butte´s model gave significantly (p<0.05) lower values for TBF than Fomon´s model, and invalid results for five newborns. Using Fomon´s model, at one week of age girls contained 13.4 ± 3.7 % and boys contained 12.5 ± 4.0 % TBF. The corresponding figures at 12 weeks were 26.3 ± 4.2 % and 26.4 ± 5.1 %. The mothers’ BMI values before pregnancy were correlated with the body weight but not with the TBF (g,%) or fat-free mass (g) of their infants at one week of age. At 1.5 years of age girls (n=9) contained 28.0±2.8 % and boys (n=11) 28.3±3.7 % TBF. Between one and 12 weeks of age all infants increased their TBF content, while 13 children increased and seven children decreased their TBF content between the ages of 12 weeks and 1.5 years. The results demonstrated that predicting rather than measuring resting energy metabolism involves a risk for spurious correlations between TBF and physical activity level. The level of physical activity (x), was negatively correlated with [TBF (%) at 1.5 years minus TBF (%) at 12 weeks] (y), r=-0.52, p=0.02. In conclusion, the results suggest that the body fat content of a woman has a stimulating effect on the growth, rather than on the fat retention, of her foetus. They also show that the Fomon model is the best available model when calculating the body composition of infants from body density. Finally, the results indicate that physical activity at the age of 1.5 years is important regarding the rate at which the high level of body fat, typical of infancy, decreases in early childhood.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson-Gustavsson, Anna-Lena, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Undervisningsspråket - en del av lärares yrkesspråk
- 2007
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Ingår i: Det enkla är det sköna - en vänbok till Kjell Granström. - Linköping : Skapande vetande, Linköpings universitet. - 9789185831289 ; , s. 69-83
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Om språkutveckling / Jan Anward -- Forskningsmiljöer och seminariekulturer : ideal och verklighet / Gunnar Berg -- Gruppens obönhörliga brist på demokrati / Gunnel Colnerud -- Undervisningsspråket : en del av lärares yrkesspråk / Anna-Lena Eriksson Gustavsson, Rose-Marie Fahlén, Ulla-Britt Persson & Joakim Samuelsson -- Dialogism and social constructivism / Per Linell -- Samhällsaktiva skolor och skolaktiva samhällen i glesbygd : utopi eller möjlighet? / Annika Andræ Thelin -- Användningen av tiden i skolan / Mats Ekholm -- Offensiva spelare och coacher i matchen om skolan / Lennart Fahlén, Elisabeth Ahlstrand, Ingrid Westlund & Leif Mideklint -- Analyser av skolors anda / Rolf Lander -- Samhällsförändring, skolprofilering och identitet / Lars Naeslund & Jens Pedersen -- Succession and managing the transition from predecessor to successor / Siv Boalt Boëthius -- Freud som gruppsykolog : en orättvis betraktelse till 150-årsdagen / Stefan Jern -- Gruppens känslomässiga klimat / Eric Olsson -- Från Göteborg till Dortmund : studier i masshändelser / Michael Rosander & Ingrid Hylander -- Gruppetenking og operativ effektivitet i team / Endre Sjøvold -- Existens och relationer / Dan Stiwne -- Är det bra att vara ambitiös? / Viveka Adelswärd och Johan Hofvendahl -- Ja, för jag är så jävla snygg!" : retsekvenser och informellt lärande i högstadiets grupparbeten / Karin Aronsson & Michael Tholander -- Skolpsykolog : beprövad erfarenhet och specialitet på vetenskaplig grund? / Gunilla Guvå & Ingrid Hylander -- Slump, sammanträffanden och spår : om en lärares inflytande / Stefan Jern & Anders Hempel -- Villkor för psykologisk forskning : hur de statliga forskningsråden fördelade sina pengar inom psykologiområdet 1996-98 / Rolf Sandell och Kjell Granström -- Urval publikationer Kjell Granström. Svensk engelsk och norsk
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Henriksson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational weight gain according to Institute of Medicine recommendations in relation to infant size and body composition
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 10:5, s. 388-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intrauterine life may be a critical period for programming childhood obesity; however, there is insufficient knowledge concerning how gestational weight gain (GWG) affects infant fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM).Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between GWG according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations and infant size, FM and FFM. We also investigated if the associations were different for normal-weight and overweight/obese women.Methods: This study included 312 healthy Swedish mother-infant pairs. Infant body composition at 1 week of age was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Maternal GWG was defined as below, within or above the 2009 IOM recommendations. Multiple regression analyses were used.Results: Compared with women whose weight gain was within IOM recommendations, women with weight gain below the recommendations had infants that were shorter (-0.7 cm, P = 0.008) when adjusting for confounders. Normal-weight women exceeding IOM recommendations had infants with higher FM (+58 g, P = 0.008) compared with normal-weight women who gained within the recommendations. No corresponding association was observed for overweight/obese women.Conclusions: Inadequate GWG was associated with shorter infants, while excessive GWG was associated with greater infant FM for women who were of normal weight before pregnancy.
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| 12. |
- Mattsson, Janet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Interprofessional Learning for Enhanced Patient Safety : Biomedical Engineering Students and Nursing Students in Joint Learning Activities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Interprofessional Practice and Education. - : JRIPE. - 1916-7342. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the last decade, research has highlighted the importance of interprofessional approaches to education and practice. Collaboration between medical practice and engineering has been identified as particularly relevant to developing accountable models for sustainable healthcare and overcoming increased specialization leading to professional barriers. This study aims to analyze insights and understanding expressed by nursing students and biomedical engineering students following a joint learning activity regarding a medical device used in the hospital setting.Method: A qualitative approach deriving from a phenomenological view examined an interprofessional learning activity where the focus was on active integration and knowledge exchange.Conclusion: The activity was expressed as a positive opportunity for getting insights into perspectives from other professional groups as well as insights into the importance of a system perspective in patient safety. The learning and insights listed in the evaluations included ideas about how the two professional groups could collaborate in the future.
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| 13. |
- Salzmann-Erikson, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving equilibrium within a culture of stability : cultural knowing in nursing care on psychiatric intensive care units
- 2011
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - New York, United States : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 32:4, s. 255-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents intensive psychiatric nurses' work and nursing care. The aim of the study was to describe expressions of cultural knowing in nursing care in psychiatric intensive care units (PICU). Spradley's ethnographic methodology was applied. Six themes emerged as frames for nursing care in psychiatric intensive care: providing surveillance, soothing, being present, trading information, maintaining security and reducing. These themes are used to strike a balance between turbulence and stability and to achieve equilibrium. As the nursing care intervenes when turbulence emerges, the PICU becomes a sanctuary that offers tranquility, peace and rest.
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| 14. |
- Seitl, Camilla
(författare)
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Informellt lärande i en formell organisation : Om meningsskapande, kunskapsdomäner och kompetens i arbete med kommunala mål
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna avhandling handlar om hur välfärdsaktörer (tjänstemän och politiker) i en kommunal organisation utformar mål för sin verksamhet. Aktörerna har ett samhällsansvar som innebär att de måste agera för att gå nya behov tillmötes. För att alla ska arbeta i samma riktning behöver tydliga mål utarbetas .Att utforma och konkretisera mål för en organisation med många anställda kan vara en utmaning då det kräver både generell och specifik kunskap ochen organisationskultur som möjliggör utveckling. Det som studerats är lärandets villkor i målformuleringsarbete och hur tjänstemän och politiker tolkar och kommunicerar betydelsen av begrepp i samband med utarbetandet av tydliga målformuleringar. Underlaget utgörs av videodokumenterade observationer av aktörernas diskussioner vid planerade möten. Analysarbetet har genomförts stegvis med fördjupning i hur aktörerna gör för att skapa gemensam mening kring innebörden av målformuleringarna som ska finnas med i de slutliga måldokumenten samt hur kunskap och kompetens kommer till uttryck i detta arbete. Resultatet visar att variationen av yrkesroller och arbetsuppgifter i kombination med olika samhällskrav ger prägel åt den kunskap som används i målformuleringsarbetet. Till exempel utgör den domänspecifika kunskapen (den kunskap som finns inom praktiken och dess sociala sammanhang) och de relationer som aktörerna har till varandra några av villkoren för arbetarmed målen. Villkoren visar sig ha effekter för den kunskap som sedan tolkas,men också för kommunikationen runt målformuleringarna. Exempelvis får vissa aktörer, här benämnda agenter, tolkningsrätt. Ett annat exempel är att kunskapsmässig obalans mellan aktörerna kan leda till längre diskussioner eftersom kommunikationen måste anpassas för att alla ska förstå. Detta blir särskilt synligt i de sammanhang då politiker och tjänstemän diskuterar. Vidare visar resultatet tre inriktningar av kompetens begrepps-, resurs-, och relationsorienterad kompetens som, beroende på vad sammanhanget kräver, framträtt i målformuleringsarbetet. Kompetenserna ger, i olika grad, ett utrymme för agerande. Till exempel upprätthålls de kulturella ramarna (organisationens kunskap och språk) med hjälp av resurs- och begreppsorienterad kompetens medan de utmanas med hjälp av den relationsorienterade kompetensen. Ytterligare en fjärde kompetensinriktning har visat sig ha funktionen att koordinera de övriga kompetensinriktningarna. Koordination av kompetens är kopplat till agentrollen. Kompetenserna är endel av de komponenter som tillsammans med kunskapsstöd (dvs. den kunskap som används som resurs för argument i diskussionen kring olika målområden), kunskapsdomäner och relationer formar kommunikationen mellan aktörerna och villkorar meningsskapandet - ett meningsskapande som antas leda till lärande i målformuleringsarbete.
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| 15. |
- Tofiq, avin, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical functioning post-COVID-19 and the recovery process : a mixed methods study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 46:8, s. 1570-1579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To describe physical functioning after severe COVID-19-infection.MATERIALS AND METHOD: An explanatory sequential mixed method design was used. Thirty-nine participants performed tests and answered questionnaires measuring physical functioning six months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19. Thirty of these participants participated in semi-structured interviews with questions regarding how they perceived their physical functioning and recovery from COVID-19 at 12 months post-hospitalisation.RESULTS: At six months, physical functioning measured via chair stand test and hip-worn accelerometers was lower than normal reference values. There was a reduction in breathing muscle strength. Participants estimated their functional status during different activities as lower compared to those before COVID-19-infection, measured with a patient-specific functional scale. At one year after infection, there were descriptions of a rough recovery process and remaining symptoms.CONCLUSION: Patients recovering from severe COVID-19 seem to have reduced physical functioning and activity levels, and they perceive their recovery to be slow and difficult. They experienced a lack of clinical support and contradictory advice regarding rehabilitation. Coaching in returning to physical functioning after the infection needs to be better co-ordinated and there is a need for guidelines for health professionals to avoid patients receiving contradictory advice.
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