| 1. |
- Eriksson, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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How is health promotion research undertaken in a Nordic context? : A scoping review on doctoral dissertations from 2008-2018
- 2020
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 97:3, s. 488-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This scoping review was commenced as a collaboration within the NordicHealth Promotion Research Network (NHPRN). The overall aim was to explore how research under the label ‘health promotion’ was undertaken in a Nordic context. The search for dissertations published in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden was limited to the years 2008 to 2018. Manual searches of university websites, as well as different databases in the Nordic countries, were required for collecting dissertations from all universities. The collection of dissertations was more difficult than expected. There were 56 published PhD dissertations from 6 universities in Denmark, 51 from 8 universities in Finland, 0 from Iceland, 53 from 7 universities in Norway and 193 from 22 universities in Sweden. Almost half of the analysed dissertations combined qualitative and quantitative methods. About one-third of the dissertations had a settings approach, followed by a societal approach and individual approach. Finland and Sweden presented more intervention studies than the other countries. A majority of the intervention studies included individual lifestyle issues. Based on the analysis of the research approaches, more dissertations embracing societal perspectives and broader determinants of health may be recommended for future Nordic dissertations.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Jan-Eric, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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School, Learning and Mental Health : A systematic review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten presenterar resultaten från en systematisk översikt av forskning om skola, lärande och barns psykiska hälsa. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Hälsoutskottet har givit uppdraget att genomföra en sådan översikt till en arbetsgrupp som har arbetat med uppdraget från hösten 2008 till mars 2009. Det första syftet med översikten är att genomföra en kartläggning av forskning inom det breda fält som behandlar frågor om skola, lärande och barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa. Det andra syftet är att genomföra en narrativ syntes av forskning som undersökt orsaksförhållanden mellan psykisk hälsa å ena sidan och skolresultat och lärande å den andra sidan. Det tredje syftet är att redovisa resultat från forskning som har studerat svenska barns och ungdomars erfarenheter och upplevelser av skola och undervisningssituationer. För att uppnå de första två syftena genomfördes systematiska litteratursökningar i bibliografiska databaser av artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga internationella tidskrifter inom olika discipliner. Det tredje syftet undersöktes med litteratursökningar av kvalitativa svenska studier i bibliografiska databaser. Slutsatser På grundval dels av kartläggningen av forskning om skola, lärande och psykisk hälsa, dels av de två fördjupade översikterna kan följande slutsatser dras: • Omfattningen av forskning som undersöker relationerna mellan olika aspekter av skola och psykisk hälsa är begränsad och i synnerhet gäller detta forskning som undersöker organisationsfaktorer och undervisnings-faktorer, aktiviteter, läroplaners utformning, resurser, specialpedagogiskt stöd, och olika former av betyg och bedömning. • Tidiga svårigheter i skolan och i synnerhet läs- och skrivsvårigheter kan orsaka internaliserande och externaliserande psykiska problem. • Svårigheter i skola och psykiska problem tenderar att vara stabila över tid. • Skolrelaterade hälsoproblem tenderar att minska när eleverna börjar på gymnasiet och får tillgång till nya områden av aktiviteter, roller och valmöjligheter. • Att genomföra stora ansträngningar utan att detta leder till resultat är relaterat till utveckling av depression. Problem i skolan med skolresultat och prestationer orsakar inter-naliserande symptom för flickor under tonåren. • Det finns samband mellan olika typer av psykiska problem och de är också relaterade till ett brett spektrum av somatiska och psykosomatiska symptom. • Internaliserande och externaliserande psykiska problem har negativa effekter på skolprestationer genom mekanismer som är delvis ålders- och genusspecifika. • Kompetenser och prestationer i skolan är relaterade till psykisk hälsa. • Goda resultat i skolan har en positiv effekt på självuppfattning. • En god självuppfattning bidrar inte direkt till bättre resultat, men andra faktorer som är relaterade till självuppfattning (motivation och upplevd inre/yttre kontroll) påverkar lärande och resultat • Relationer med klasskamrater och lärare bidrar till processer som kopplar skolmisslyckande till psykisk ohälsa. Relationer med kamrater och lärare kan också skydda mot utvecklingen av psykiska problem. • Jämförelser med klasskamrater påverkar självuppfattningen, med effekter som varierar beroende på gruppsammansättning och typ av skola.
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| 4. |
- Molarius, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health symptoms in relation to socio-economic conditions and lifestyle factors : a population-based study in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 9, s. 302-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Poor mental health has large social and economic consequences both for the individual and society. In Sweden, the prevalence of mental health symptoms has increased since the beginning of the 1990s. There is a need for a better understanding of the area for planning preventive activities and health care. Methods: The study is based on a postal survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and women aged 18-84 years in 2004. The overall response rate was 64%. The area investigated covers 55 municipalities with about one million inhabitants in central part of Sweden. The study population includes 42,448 respondents. Mental health was measured with self-reported symptoms of anxiety/depression (EQ-5D, 5th question). The association between socio-economic conditions, lifestyle factors and mental health symptoms was investigated using multivariate multinomial logistic regression models. Results: About 40% of women and 30% of men reported that they were moderately or extremely anxious or depressed. Younger subjects reported poorer mental health than older subjects, the best mental health was found at ages 65-74 years. Factors that were strongly and independently related to mental health symptoms were poor social support, experiences of being belittled, employment status (receiving a disability pension and unemployment), economic hardship, critical life events, and functional disability. A strong association was also found between how burdensome domestic work was experienced and anxiety/depression. This was true for both men and women. Educational level was not associated with mental health symptoms. Of lifestyle factors, physical inactivity, underweight and risk consumption of alcohol were independently associated with mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Our results support the notion that a ground for good mental health includes balance in social relations, in domestic work and in employment as well as in personal economy both among men and women. In addition, physical inactivity, underweight and risk consumption of alcohol are associated with mental health symptoms independent of socio-economic factors.
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| 5. |
- Molarius, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rated health among men and women in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 17:2, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle factors have been found to be related to self-rated health, which is an established predictor of morbidity and mortality. Few studies, however, have investigated the independent effect of material and psychosocial conditions as well as lifestyle factors on self-rated health. Methods: The association between socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rated health was investigated using a postal survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample of men and women aged 18-79 years during March-May 2000. The overall response rate was 65%. The area investigated covers 58 municipalities in the central part of Sweden. Multivariate odds ratios for poor self-rated health were calculated for a range of variables. A total of 36 048 subjects with full data were included in the analysis. Similar analyses of the influence of working conditions were conducted among those employed aged 18-64 years (17 820 subjects). Results: The overall prevalence of poor self-rated health was 7% among men and 9% among women. Poor self-rated health was most common among persons who had been belittled, who had experienced economic hardship, who lacked social support, or who had retired early. A low educational level was independently associated with poor self-rated health among men, but not among women. Physically inactive as well as underweight and obese subjects were more likely to have poor self-rated health than other subjects. Working conditions associated with poor self-rated health were dissatisfaction with work, low job control and worry about losing one's job. Conclusion: While a cross-sectional study does not allow definite conclusions as to which factors are determinants and which are consequences of poor self-rated, the present findings support the notion that both psychosocial and material conditions as well as lifestyle factors are independently related with poor self-rated health.
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| 6. |
- Akl, Ziad, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating seat belt use in Lebanon (1997-2017)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Open Public Health Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers B.V.. - 1874-9445. ; 12:1, s. 127-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The use of seat belts has made a significant contribution to the reduction of road traffic casualties, and the risk inherent with not wearing seat belts in all seats of a vehicle is now well-known worldwide. The use of seat belts has a major role in reducing fatal and nonfatal injuries in all types of motor-vehicles crashes. Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the reasons behind the variation in seat belt use over the past two decades in Lebanon. It analyzes the situation and suggests recommendations to improve seat belt use in Lebanon. Design: Nine observational studies had been conducted in Lebanon during the last two decades between 1997 and 2017, and one qualitative study was performed in 2017. Results: The results show a significant variation in the use of the seat belt. When enforcement efforts are in progress, seat belt use increases. While when there are no checkpoints and the enforcement of seat belt use is almost absent, a significant fall was noticed. Discussion: The results of this study proved the failure of the Lebanese government in saving hundreds of lives just by a simple measure of enforcing seat belt law. Although experiences from various countries prove that such laws usually have a long-lasting effect on seat belt use, Lebanon failed to pursue the successful implementation of this law due to security and political problems. Conclusion: During the past two decades, Lebanon witnessed continuous fluctuations in seat belt use. Outside few short enforcement campaigns, our observations showed lack in seat belt use. Our observations of seat belt use among drivers and front seat passengers showed a significant correlation between seat belt use and the enforcement of seat belt law. The greatest national benefits from seat belt use are obtained when wearing rates are very high. This can be achieved only through a sustained enforcement campaign alongside other seat belt wearing interventions such as publicity and education. © 2019 Open Public Health Journal. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Al-Alawi, Kamila, 1974-
(författare)
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Team-based approach in the management of diabetes at primary health care level in Muscat, Oman : challenges and opportunities
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The growth of type 2 diabetes is considered an alarming epidemic in Oman. The efficient team-based approach to diabetes management in primary health care is an essential component for providing ideal diabetic care. This thesis aimed to explore the current situation related to team-based management of type 2 diabetes in public Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs) under the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Oman, including the various challenges associated with diabetes management and the most preferable Human Resources for Health (HRH) management mechanism, and to examine how this could be optimized from provider and patient perspectives.Materials and methods: The entire project was conducted in Muscat Governorate and was based on one quantitative and three qualitative studies. In the quantitative study, 26 public PHCCs were approached through cross-sectional study. The core diabetes management team recommended by the MOH for PHCCs in Oman was explored in terms of their competencies, values, skills, and resources related to the team-based approach to diabetes management. For the qualitative studies, five public purposely-selected PHCCs were approached. The diabetes consultations conducted by the core members and other supportive members involved in diabetes management were observed and later the Primary Health Care Providers (PHCPs) were interviewed. The different approaches explored challenges related to diabetes management and the most preferable HRH mechanism by PHCPs. Seven type 2 diabetes patients with different gender, employment status, and education were consequently interviewed to explore their perceptions towards the current diabetes management service and their opinions towards nurse-led clinics.Results: The survey provided significant and diverse perceptions of PHCPs towards their competencies, values, skills, and resources related to diabetes management. Physicians considered themselves to have better competencies than nurses and dieticians. Physicians also scored higher on team-related skills and values compared with health educators. In terms of team-related skills, the difference between physicians and nurses was statistically significant and showed that physicians perceived themselves to have better skills than nurses. Confusion about the leadership concept among PHCPs with a lack of pharmacological, technical, and human resources was also reported. The observations and interviews with PHCPs disclosed three different models of service delivery at diabetes management clinics. The challenges explored involved PHCCs’ infrastructure, nurses’ knowledge, skills, and non-availability of technical and pharmaceutical support. Other challenges that evolved into the community were cultural beliefs, traditions, health awareness, and public transportation. Complete implementation of task-sharing mechanisms within the team-based approach was selected by all PHCPs as the most preferable HRH mechanism. The selection was discussed in the context of positive outcomes, worries, and future requirements. The physicians stated that nurses’ weak contribution to the team within the selected mechanism could be the most significant aspect. Other members supported the task-sharing mechanism between physicians and nurses. However, type 2 diabetes patients’ non-acceptance of a service provided by the nurses created worries for the nurses. The interviews with type 2 diabetes patients disclosed positive perceptions towards the current diabetes management visits; however, opinions towards nurse-led clinics varied among the patients.Conclusions and recommendations: The team-based approach at diabetes management clinics in public PHCCs in Oman requires thoughtful attention. Diverse presence of the team members can form challenges during service delivery. Clear roles for team members must be outlined through a solid HRH management mechanism in the context of a sharp leadership concept. Nurse-led clinics are an important concept within the team; however, their implementation requires further investigation. The concept must involve clear understandings of independence and interdependence by the team members, who must be educated to provide a strong gain for team-based service delivery.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andrews-Chavez, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying households with low immunisation completion in Bangladesh
- 2012
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Ingår i: Health. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 4:11, s. 1088-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate if the mothers’ demographics and household characteristics—including type of use of cooking fuel, energy and toilet facilities—have any implication for complete immunisation rates among their children. A cross-sectional data analysis of a nationally representative sample of 4925 women with at least one child was performed. Chisquared tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Immunisation coverage was positively associated with the mother’s education and with household characteristics such as toilet facility, electricity and involvement in a microfinance group. These findings indicate the need for further advocacy for increased knowledge on the importance of vaccination and affordable public immunisation programs focusing on higher risk households such as those with pit facilities, lack of electricity and no participation in a microfinance group. Such households warrant further attention and can be targeted for immunisation coverage.
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| 10. |
- Arnarsson, Ársaell Már, et al.
(författare)
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Time-trends in Nordic adolescents’ communication with their parents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 1799-4691 .- 2464-4161. ; 4:2, s. 88-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescence is an important developmental period toward greater independence. However, the family is still very important in the life of young people. The aim of this study was to analyse changes over time in easy communication between adolescents and their parents in the Nordic countries.The study used the Nordic part of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, carried out in four waves from 2002–2014. It included 109,446 adolescents. The adolescents were asked how easy it was to communicate with their mother or father about things that really bothered them. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression.In all Nordic countries, the prevalence of easy communication between adolescents and their parents increased from 2002 to 2014. Although the positive change in parental communication was more pronounced among Nordic fathers, the data showed that mothers had markedly better communication with their adolescents than fathers did. In 2014, around three out of four adolescents found it easy to talk with their fathers, while four out of five found it easy to talk with their mothers. The results indicate that policies in the Nordic countries to support the role of both mothers and fathers in caring for their children are warranted.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on alcohol use of a Swedish school-based prevention program for early adolescents: a longitudinal study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the study was to address the lack of evaluations of school-based substance use prevention programs and to conduct a quasi-experimental evaluation of the alcohol use part of the Triad intervention. Methods: Eleven Swedish intervention schools (285 pupils) and three control schools (159 pupils) participated in the evaluation. Baseline measurements were conducted in 2011 before the alcohol part in the prevention program was implemented in the intervention schools (school year 6, ages 12-13). We estimated an Intention-To-Treat (ITT) Difference-in-Difference (DD) model to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention on subsequent alcohol use measured in grades 7, 8 and 9. Results: The main results show no effect on the likelihood of drinking alcohol or drinking to intoxication. Conclusions: The lack of positive effects highlights the need for policy-makers and public health officials need to carefully consider and evaluate prevention programs in order to ensure that they are worthwhile from school, health, and societal perspectives.
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| 13. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-
(författare)
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Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying among Swedish Adolescents : Gender differences and associations with mental health
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study the differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents, focusing on gender, psychosomatic problems, and disability, and to gain insight into health staff’s experience of bullying in schools.The four studies in this thesis were based on surveys undertaken among 3,800 adolescents in Grades 7, 8 and 9 in Sweden, as well as focus groups of 16 people consisting of school social workers and school nurses.While almost no gender differences were found among traditional victims, Study I showed that girls were more likely than boys to be cybervictims. Boys were more likely than girls to be traditional bullies, while girls were equally as likely as boys to be cyberbullies. Study II showed that psychosomatic problems were associated with being a victim, a bully or a bully-victim. Cyberbullying showed no stronger association with psychosomatic problems than traditional bullying. Study III: Three main categories emerged from school health staff’s experience: 1) “Anti-bullying team”; 2) “Working style”; and 3) “Perspectives on bullying”. The last two each comprised two sub-categories: “Team member”/“Single worker”; and “Contextual perspective”/“Individual-oriented perspective”. Study IV showed that, regardless of gender and grade, students with a disability were more likely to be bully-victims and, more particularly, bully-victims involved in both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. No differences between disabled adolescents and others were found with respect to the association between bullying and psychosomatic health.The results show that some adolescents are more likely to experience higher levels of psychosomatic health problems than others. They also show that some adolescents are more likely to be involved in bullying, either as victims, bullies or bully-victims. This thesis also discusses contextual and individual approaches adopted by schools in preventing bullying.
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| 14. |
- Bi, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Social Support from Different Sources and Adolescent Life Satisfaction Across 42 Countries/Regions : The Moderating Role of National-Level Generalized Trust
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 50:7, s. 1384-1409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous research established a positive association between perceived social support and adolescent life satisfaction, little is known about the relative importance of different sources of support for adolescent life satisfaction and cross-country variations in this respect. Using large-scale representative samples from the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, this study examined to what extent the association between social support and life satisfaction in early adolescence varied across different social sources and countries. Also, it examined whether cross-country variations are explained by national-level generalized trust, a sociocultural factor that shapes adolescent socialization. National-level data were linked to data from 183,918 early adolescents (M-age = 13.56, SD = 1.63, 52% girls) from 42 European and North American countries/regions obtained from HBSC. Multilevel regression analyses yielded a positive association between support from different sources and life satisfaction. The strongest associations were found for support from families, followed by teachers and classmates, and weakest for support from friends. Associations varied across different countries/regions. National-level trust amplified the association between perceived classmate support and adolescent life satisfaction. The revealed cross-country differences open avenues for future cross-cultural research on explanations for cross-cultural differences in the association between social support from different sources and life satisfaction in early adolescence.
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| 15. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Community Notification of Maternal, Neonatal Deaths and Still Births in Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) System : Experiences in Bangladesh
- 2014
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Ingår i: Health. - China : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-5005 .- 1949-4998. ; 6:16, s. 2218-2226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the process of community maternal, neonatal deaths and still births notification within the Bangladesh government health structure using the Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) system. The study also explored the feasibility and acceptance of community death notification in the MNDR system.Methods: The study was under-taken in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh during 2010. During the study a mix of both qualitative and quantitative information was collected. A review of the documentation process of community death notification was undertaken and focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members, health care providers and managers in a sub-district were conducted, with in-depth interviews (IDIs) with district heath and family planning managers. Quantitative data were collected from community death notifications in the district during January to December 2010.Results: The death notification process was implemented by the government health care system within the Thakurgaon district. Field level health and family planning staff collected maternal and neonatal death information, recorded the death on the notification form and reported back to the Upazila (sub-district of the district) focal point at the Upazila health complex (primary health care centre). Community people were encouraged to share their death information to field level health staff. The health and family planning managers in the district periodically discussed the maternal and neonatal deaths and prepared remedial action plans in high death notified areas. In 2010, 59 maternal deaths, 739 neonatal deaths and 633 still births were reported in Thakurgaon district. District health and family planning departments performed community death notification as part of their routine daily work and integrated these procedures with other field level activities.
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| 16. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of community verbal autopsy in maternal and newborn health in Bangladesh
- 2015
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Ingår i: HealthMed. - Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina : D R U N P P. - 1840-2291 .- 1986-8103. ; 9:8, s. 329-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Verbal autopsy in maternal and neonatal deaths is commonly used in developing countries to understand the medical and social causes of death in the community. Bangladesh first undertook a community verbal autopsy program in 2010. This was implemented under the maternal and neonatal death review (MNDR) system.Objectives: To know the process of implementation of community verbal autopsy, its acceptability and effect in maternal and neonatal health, Bangladesh.Methods: A qualitative study was performed In two districts of Bangladesh in 2011. A review of documents, observations, focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with health care providers from different systems. Data were analysed using a thematic approachResults: Community verbal autopsy was developed in Bangladesh using existing available tools and guidelines. First line field supervisors from health and family planning departments conducted verbal autopsies at the deceased’s home. It has been adopted within the government health system and is able to identify medical and social causes, including delays within the community that are the major contributing factors of maternal and neonatal deaths. Verbal autopsy findings are shared at the Upazila level (sub-district) and these influence the development and implementation of local action plans. Recall bias and hard to reach areas are still challenges to be overcome in the conduction of verbal autopsies.Conclusions: The use of community verbal autopsy to identify medical and social causes of maternal and neonatal deaths is possible in an encouraging country context. The Government health system can comfortably conduct autopsies within the community. The findings of autopsy can be an effective tool and can be used by the local health and family planning managers to take the initiative at local level to improve health status of the mother and newborn.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Facility death review of maternal and neonatal deaths in Bangladesh
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, USA : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To explore the experiences, acceptance, and effects of conducting facility death review (FDR) of maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths at or below the district level in Bangladesh. Methods This was a qualitative study with healthcare providers involved in FDRs. Two districts were studied: Thakurgaon district (a pilot district) and Jamalpur district (randomly selected from three follow-on study districts). Data were collected between January and November 2011. Data were collected from focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and document review. Hospital administrators, obstetrics and gynecology consultants, and pediatric consultants and nurses employed in the same departments of the respective facilities participated in the study. Content and thematic analyses were performed. Results FDR for maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths can be performed in upazila health complexes at sub-district and district hospital levels. Senior staff nurses took responsibility for notifying each death and conducting death reviews with the support of doctors. Doctors reviewed the FDRs to assign causes of death. Review meetings with doctors, nurses, and health managers at the upazila and district levels supported the preparation of remedial action plans based on FDR findings, and interventions were planned accordingly. There were excellent examples of improved quality of care at facilities as a result of FDR. FDR also identified gaps and challenges to overcome in the near future to improve maternal and newborn health. Discussion FDR of maternal and neonatal deaths is feasible in district and upazila health facilities. FDR not only identifies the medical causes of a maternal or neonatal death but also explores remediable gaps and challenges in the facility. FDR creates an enabled environment in the facility to explore medical causes of deaths, including the gaps and challenges that influence mortality. FDRs mobilize health managers at upazila and district levels to forward plan and improve healthcare delivery. © 2015 Biswas et al.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 19. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and neonatal death review (MNDR) : A useful approach to identifying appropriate and effective maternal and neonatal health initiatives in Bangladesh
- 2014
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-5005 .- 1949-4998. ; 6, s. 1669-1679
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To identify the effects of Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) in terms of improving maternal and neonatal health at the community level in Bangladesh.Methods: Both quan- titative and qualitative methods were undertaken for collecting data in Kashipur Union, Bangla- desh. Death notifications from households, subsequent data collections from a focus-group discus- sion (FGD), a group discussion (GD) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were obtained using structured tools and guidelines.Results: A total of four maternal deaths, 21 neonatal deaths and 15 still births were reported in the MNDR death notification system at Kashipur Union in 2010. Data were presented to local programme managers, who took various initiatives including awareness pro- grammes, pregnancy registration, antenatal care, birth planning, and also the revitalization of a community clinic. The coverage of antenatal care, delivery in clinics, postnatal care and referral of complications increased through the active participation of the community. Community health- care providers, care recipients and members of the community expressed satisfaction with the quality of maternal and neonatal services. In the preceding two years, maternal and neonatal deaths substantially reduced in Kashipur (in 2011 maternal death = 1, neonatal death = 20, still birth = 8; in 2012 maternal death = 1, neonatal death = 8, still birth = 13).Conclusions: The MNDR system successfully delivered notification of all maternal and neonatal deaths in the defined area and collected information for the formulation and implementation of specific interventions, which resulted in visible and tangible changes in care-seeking and client satisfaction.
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| 20. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-
(författare)
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Maternal and Neonatal Death Review System to Improve Maternal and Neonatal Health Care Services in Bangladesh
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bangladesh has made encouraging progress in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades. However, deaths are much higher than in many other countries. The death reporting system to address maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths is still poor. Moreover, cause identification for each of the community and facility deaths is not functional. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop, implement and evaluate the Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) system in Bangladesh. The study has been conducted in two districts of Bangladesh. A mixed method is used in studies I and II, whereas a qualitative method is used in studies III-V, and cost of MNDR is calculated in study VI. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, group discussions, participant observations and document reviews are used as data collection techniques. Quantitative data are collected from the MNDR database. In study I, community death notification in the MNDR system was found to be achievable and acceptable at district level in the existing government health system. A simple death notification process is used to capture community-level maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths. It was useful for local-level planning by health managers. In study II, death-notification findings explored dense pocket areas in the district. The health system took local initiatives based on the findings. This resulted in visible and tangible changes in care-seeking and client satisfaction. Death numbers in 2012 were reduced in comparison with 2010 in the specific area. In study III, verbal autopsies at community level enabled the identification of medical and social causes of death, including community delays. Deceased family members cordially provided information on deaths to field-level government health workers. The health managers used the findings for a remedial action plan, which was implemented as per causal findings. In study IV, social autopsy highlights social errors in the community, and promotes discussion based on a maternal or neonatal death, or stillbirth. This was aneffective means to deliver some important messages and to sensitize the community. Importantly, the community itself plans and decides on what should be done in future to avert such deaths. In study V, facility death review of maternal and neonatal deaths was found to be possible and useful in upazila and district facilities. It not only identified medical causes of death, but also explored gaps and challenges in facilities that can be resolved. The findings of facility death reviews were helpful to local health mangers and planners in order to develop appropriate action plans and improve quality of care at facility level. Finally, in study VI, the initial piloting costs required for MNDR implementation were estimated, including large capacity development and other developmental costs. However, in the following year, costs were reduced. Unit cost per activity was 3070 BDT in 2010, but, in the following years, 1887 BDT and 2207 BDT, in 2011 and 2012 respectively.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Autopsy of maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths in rural Bangladesh : Qualitative exploration of its effect and community acceptance
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - London, United Kingdom : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 6:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Social Autopsy (SA) is an innovative strategy where a trained facilitator leads community groups through a structured, standardised analysis of the physical, environmental, cultural and social factors contributing to a serious, non-fatal health event or death. The discussion stimulated by the formal process of SA determines the causes and suggests preventative measures that are appropriate and achievable in the community. Here we explored individual experiences of SA, including acceptance and participant learning, and its effect on rural communities in Bangladesh. The present study had explored the experiences gained while undertaking SA of maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths in rural Bangladesh. Design: Qualitative assessment of documents, observations, focus group discussions, group discussions and in-depth interviews by content and thematic analyses. Results: Each community’s maternal and neonatal death was a unique, sad story. SA undertaken by government field-level health workers were well accepted by rural communities. SA had the capability to explore the social reasons behind the medical cause of the death without apportioning blame to any individual or group. SA was a useful instrument to raise awareness and encourage community responses to errors within the society that contributed to the death. People participating in SA showed commitment to future preventative measures and devised their own solutions for the future prevention of maternal and neonatal deaths. Conclusions: SA highlights societal errors and promotes discussion around maternal or newborn death. SA is an effective means to deliver important preventative messages and to sensitise the community to death issues. Importantly, the community itself is enabled to devise future strategies to avert future maternal and neonatal deaths in Bangladesh.
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| 23. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The Economic Cost of Implementing Maternal and Neonatal Death Review in a District of Bangladesh
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health Research. - Pavia, Italy : PagePress. - 2279-9028 .- 2279-9036. ; 5:3, s. 99-103
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Maternal and neonatal death review (MNDR) introduced in Bangladesh and initially piloted in a district during 2010. MNDR is able to capture each of the maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths from the community and government facilities (hospitals). This study aimed to estimate the cost required to implement MNDR in a district of Bangladesh during 2010-2012.Materials and Methods: MNDR was implemented in Thakurgaon district in 2010 and later gradually extended until 2015. MNDR implementation framework, guidelines, tools and manual were developed at the national level with national level stakeholders including government health and family planning staff at different cadre for piloting at Thakurgaon. Programme implementation costs were calculated by year of costing and costing as per component of MNDR in 2013. The purchasing power parity conversion rate was 1 $INT = 24.46 BDT, as of 31st Dec 2012.Results: Overall programme implementation costs required to run MNDR were 109,02,754 BDT (445,738 $INT $INT) in the first year (2010). In the following years cost reduced to 8,208,995 BDT (335,609 $INT, during 2011) and 6,622,166 BDT (270,735 $INT, during 2012). The average cost per activity required was 3070 BDT in 2010, 1887 BDT and 2207 BDT required in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Each death notification cost 4.09 $INT, verbal autopsy cost 8.18 $INT, and social autopsy cost 16.35 $INT. Facility death notification cost 2.04 $INT and facility death review meetings cost 20.44 $INT. One death saved by MNDR costs 53,654 BDT (2193 $INT).Conclusions: Programmatic implementation cost of conducting MPDR give an idea on how much cost will be required to run a death review system for a low income country settings using government health system.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Bortes, Cristian, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal effect study of contract signing for preventing alcohol use among Swedish school children
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford, England : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:Suppl. 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Around 40% of the primary schools in Sweden have programs to prevent tobacco and alcohol use. One popular program is carried out by the Non-Governmental Organization SMART. The aim is to prevent or postpone alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among children through positive reinforcement and signing of contracts. The contract in this longitudinal study also contains items on good conduct behavior. Are there differences in youth problem behaviors between those who signed the contract all years versus those who signed the contract shorter time? What factors characterize those who signed the contract all the years compared to the others? Methods: Students in five schools in a middle-sized municipality in Sweden answered class-room questionnaires in three waves: 7th (n=432), 8th (n=458), and 9th (n=422) grade. Response rates were 88%. Students are divided into three groups, based on response at T3 on many years of contract signing: long-attendees, short-attendees, sporadic- or non-attendees. A repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to analyze changes over time. Binge drinking was the outcome measure in this analysis. Identifying predictors for duration of the contract signing will be analyzed with multiple logistic regressions. Results: Short-attendees, 40%, signed contract only two to four consecutive years starting in 4th grade. Long-attendees, 22.5%, signed contract five to six years. Sporadic- or non-attendees, 20.5%, signed contract only in some non-consecutive, or none of the years. 17.2% missing-response. Long-attendees have significant lower levels of binge drinking in 9th grade (M=1.72) compared to short-attendees (M=2.43) and sporadic- or non-attendees (M=2.41). F(2,408) = 9.52, p=<.001. Conclusion: Schools are an important setting for alcohol and tobacco prevention. Promising results were found regarding binge drinking for students that were long-attendees in the program. Further analysis of different outcomes and predictors, mediators and moderators is on-going. Key messages:Schools are an important setting for alcohol and tobacco prevention.There is a need for longitudinal evaluations of preventive programs in national contexts.
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| 26. |
- Bortes, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the effectiveness of the SMART contract-signing strategy in reducing the growth of Swedish Adolescents’ substance use and problem behaviors
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London, United Kingdom : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In 2013, around 40 % of the schools in Sweden had structured programs to prevent tobacco and alcohol debut in compulsory school. There has unfortunately been a lack of scientific evidence to support most of the prevention methods focusing on primary prevention in schools in Sweden. The aim and purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Non-Governmental Organization SMART contract-signing strategy in reducing the growth of youth substance use and other problem behaviors amongst Swedish adolescents.Methods: Students from five schools in a medium-sized Swedish municipality were surveyed in three waves from 7th to 9th grade of compulsory school. We used General Linear Model (GLM) repeated-measures ANOVA to test if the outcome measures smoking, use of snus and alcohol, drunkenness, delinquency, and bullying significantly changed different amounts over time in groups that had participated in the SMART program for long time, a short time, sporadically- or not at all. Groups were compared on demographic background variables, and outcome measures were assessed on all measurement occasions by a one-way ANOVA. The magnitude of group differences at the end of the study was estimated according to Cohen’s d.Results: Number of years with a contract has an effect on the levels of self-reported youth problems in 9th grade. We found small to medium-sized differences in measured outcomes between students who participated in the program for the longest period of time, 5 years, and who participated for the shortest time, 0–2 years.Conclusion: Findings suggests that the SMART program has preventive effects on adolescent substance use.
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| 27. |
- Bortes, Cristian, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - United States : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:3, s. 289-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim with this study is to report a brief alcohol intervention for preventing drinking during pregnancy. The Women’s Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues (WOCAD) in Sweden developed a printed information material about alcohol in pregnancy, aiming to reach pregnant women before their first visit at a prenatal clinic. A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2004 and 2005 to measure if the material had an effect. A total of 564 pregnant women are included in the study, between 17 and 46 years of age. Differences between intervention and control group were analyzed with cross-tabulations and chi-squared-tests. A logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine predictors of abstention from alcohol at the first prenatal visit. Findings show that significantly more women who received the material did abstain completely from alcohol then those who did not receive the material (92% vs. 82%, p=.005). It is 2.6 times more likely that those who received the material did abstain completely from alcohol since pregnancy recognition at their first prenatal visit compared with those who did not receive it (OR=2,6, CI 1,3-5,1, p=. 005). The information brochure developed by WOCAD can be used in antenatal care to get more women to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.
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| 28. |
- Brunnberg, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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Att ha minst en förälder som missbrukar alkohol : om psykisk ohälsa och utvärderade interventioner
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En riskfaktor för psykisk ohälsa bland barn och ungdomar är alkoholmissbruk i familjen.Barnen och ungdomarna kan indelas i tre grupper, de som mår bra, de som befinner sig i en gråzon, och de som far illa. I denna rapport fokuseras på de barn som far illa. I Sverige finns ca 200 000 barn som lever med minst en förälder som missbrukar alkohol. Studier från andra länder visar också höga siffror och det innebär att det finns två till åtta barn i varje grupp om 25 barn som växer upp i en familj med dessa problem. En amerikansk studie har visat att det är nästan vart tredje barn som är barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar. Livet i en alkoholistfamilj kan vara kaotiskt och oförutsägbart, men också mycket varierat mellan olika familjer.Syftet med denna systematiska kunskapsöversikt är att beskriva vilken kunskap som idag finns om psykisk hälsa och ohälsa hos barn med en alkoholiserad förälder alternativt båda föräldrarna samt vilka risker barnen utsätts för. I översikten kommer även vilket stöd och skydd dessa barn behöver och kan få i Sverige idag att presenteras. Kunskapsöversikten kommer dessutom att granska vilka interventioner som utvärderats och presenterats i svensk och internationell forskning Systematisk litteratursökning har gjorts i flera databaser för att hitta vetenskapliga publikationer inom området och en genomgång av samtliga avhandlingar i socialt arbete som skrivits vid fem universitet i Sverige har gjorts. Även andra vetenskapliga rapporter finns med i kunskapsgenomgången. Dessa har hittats mera slumpmässigt vid genomgång av referenslistor, sökning på olika myndigheters databaser, tips från andra forskare m.m.I resultatet presenteras den utsatthet barn till alkoholmissbrukare har ökad risk för. Det kan vara emotionella svårigheter, anpassnings- och beteendeproblem, skolproblem med svårigheter i kamratkontakter och kognitiva problem, samt risk för en ökad alkoholkonsumtion. De skyddsfaktorer som redovisas är faktorer inom barnet själv, stöd till föräldrar och därigenom ett indirekt stöd till barnen, direkt stöd till barnen, t.ex. i form av signifikanta vuxna, samt kritiska händelser som kan fungera skyddande. I Sverige stöder regeringen gruppstödsverksamheter för barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar. I den aktuella kunskapsgenomgången redovisas forskning på interventioner för barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar. Det finns få rapporterade interventioner som också är utvärderade. Trots kritiken mot att så få utvärderade interventionsstudier gjorts, förordas fortsatt gruppstödsverksamhet för barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar samt att individuella och familjebaserade interventionsprogramn utvecklas och utvärderas.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Cefai, Carmel, et al.
(författare)
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A resilience curriculum for early years and primary schools in Europe : enhancing quality education
- 2014
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Ingår i: Croatian Journal of Education. - Zagreb : Fac Teacher Education. - 1848-5189. ; 16, s. 11-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About twenty percent of school children experience social, emotional and behaviour problems during the course of any given year and may need the use of mental health services. The number may rise to up to fifty percent amongst children coming from socio-economically disadvantaged areas and from vulnerable communities. The economic crisis which Europe is undergoing at the moment has exacerbated the risks among those already facing disadvantages such as unemployment of young people and new families, increasing poverty and social disadvantage for the whole communities and regions. These challenges underline the need to equip children from an early age with the requisite skills to help them overcome the challenges and obstacles they are set to face in such circumstances while providing healthy and protective contexts which promote their health and well-being. This paper describes the development of a resilience curriculum for children in early years and primary schools in Europe with the aim of enhancing quality education for all children, including the most vulnerable ones. It presents and discusses the curriculum framework developed from the existing literature, including the key principles, processes and themes underlying the curriculum.
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| 31. |
- Cefai, Carmel, et al.
(författare)
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Social inclusion and social justice : A resilience curriculum for early years and elementary schools in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Multicultural Education. - Bingley, United Kingdom : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2053-535X. ; 9:3, s. 122-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the development of a resilience curriculum in early years and primary schools to enhance social inclusion, equity and social justice amongst European communities, particularly amongst disadvantaged and vulnerable ones, through quality education. It defines educational resilience in terms of academic, social and emotional growth in the face of life challenges; discusses the conceptual framework and key principles underpinning the curriculum; and presents the six major content areas of the curriculum. Finally, it presents the preliminary findings of a pilot project on the implementation of the curriculum in more than 200 classrooms in about 80 early and primary schools in six European countries.Design/methodology/approach: The curriculum was first drafted collaboratively amongst the six partners on the basis of the existing literature in the promotion of resilience in early years and primary schools, with a particular focus to European realities. Once it was internally reviewed, it was piloted in 200 early years and primary school classrooms in six European countries, with each of the six partners implementing one theme. Data collection included teacher reflective diaries, classroom checklists, semi-structured interviews with teachers and focus groups with students.Findings: The preliminary results from the pilot evaluation of the curriculum in 199 classrooms totalling 1,935 students across six countries indicate that both the teachers and the learners overwhelmingly found the curriculum highly enjoyable, useful, relevant and easy to use. They looked forward to the possibility of having the programme on a full-time basis as part of the general curriculum in the future. The teachers reported a positive moderate change in learners’ behaviour related to the theme implemented and argued that for the implementation to be effective, it needs to take place throughout the whole year. A number of modifications have been on the basis of the teachers’ and learners’ feedback.Originality/value: This is the first resilience curriculum for early years and primary schools in Europe. While it seeks to address the needs of vulnerable children such as Roma children, immigrant and refugee children and children with individual educational needs, it does so within an assets-based, developmental, inclusive and culturally responsive approach, thus avoiding potential labelling and stigmatising, while promoting positive development and growth. It puts the onus on the classroom teacher, in collaboration with parents and other stakeholders, in implementing the curriculum in the classroom.
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| 32. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Do functional problem and livelihood disturbances in and around home trigger injuries?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Health. - China : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-5005 .- 1949-4998. ; 6, s. 1085-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study has tried to identify whether poor self-rated health and home and neighbourhood environmental problems trigger injuries. The study used data from the Life & Health year 2008 survey, a postal questionnaire administered by Statistics Sweden in five administrative regions in central Sweden (Uppsala, Södermanland, Örebro, Varmland and Västmanland). A random sample of 1,060,032 respondents aged 18 - 79 years had participated in the study. Örebro and Varmland re- gion had the highest proportions of injuries. People at their age between 18 to 24 years—males—tobacco and alcohol addicted had the highest proportions of injuries. Environmental factors such as disturbances in and around home had emerged as major triggering factors for injuries. Physical functional problems such as problem of buying own food, cooking, dressing-up and walking had been emerged as very strong predicting factors of injuries. Policy makers in Sweden could identify the poor neighborhood, disturbing living condition through the housing companies and the cooperative housing societies to control injuries and promote safety.
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| 33. |
- Dewi, Fatwa Sari Tetra, 1969-
(författare)
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Working with community : exploring community empowerment to support non-communicable disease prevention in a middle-incom country
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Non communicable diseases (NCD) are recognized as a major burden of human health globally, especially in low and middle-income countries including Indonesia. This thesis addresses a community intervention program utilizing a community empowerment approach to study whether this is a reasonable strategy to control NCD.Objective: To explore possible opportunities, common pitfalls, and barriers in the process of developing a pilot community intervention program to prevent NCD in an urban area of a middle-income country.Methods: The study was conducted in Yogyakarta Municipality. The baseline risk factor survey in 2004 (n=3205) describes the pattern of NCD risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake) and demographic characteristics using STEPwise instrument. A qualitative study was conducted in order to illustrate peoples’ perceptions about NCD risk factors and how NCD might be prevented. A pilot intervention was developed based on the baseline survey and the qualitative data. The pilot intervention was conducted in four intervention communities while one community served as the referent area. The intervention was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Finally, a second cross-sectional survey conducted in 2009 (n= 2467) to measure NCD risk factor changes during the five year period.Results: Baseline qualitative data showed that people in the high SES (Socio Economic Status) group preferred individual activities, whereas people in the low SES group preferred collective activities. Baseline survey data showed that the prevalence of all NCD risk factors were high. The community intervention was designed to promote passive smoking protection, promote healthy diet and physical activity, improve people’s knowledge of NCD, and provide a supporting environment. A mutual understanding between the Proriva team and community leadership was bargained. Several interactive group discussions were performed to increase NCD awareness. A working team was assigned to set goals and develop programs, and the programs were delivered to the community. There were more frequent activities and higher participation rates in the low SES group than in high SES group. The repeated cross-sectional surveys showed that the percentage of men predicted to be at high risk of getting an NCD event had significantly increased in 2009 compared to 2004.Conclusion: The community empowerment model was a feasible choice as a “moderate”strategy to accommodate with people’s need when implementing a community intervention that also interacts with the service provided by the existing health system. A community empowerment approach may improve program acceptance among the people.
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| 34. |
- Due, Pernille, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in high life satisfaction among adolescents in five Nordic countries 2002–2014
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 1799-4691 .- 2464-4161. ; 4:2, s. 54-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life satisfaction is an important indicator when assessing positive mental health aspects in populations, including among adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate trends over time in prevalence of high life satisfaction among adolescents from five Nordic countries: Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden.We used data from four waves of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study from 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 (n=109,847). HBSC is a school-based study examining social circumstances, health and health behaviour among 11-, 13- and 15-years olds every four years in many European and North American countries. The Cantril Ladder, an 11-step visual analogue scale, was used as the measure of life satisfaction, and was dichotomised into two groups: high life satisfaction (scoring 9 or 10 on the scale) and medium/low life satisfaction (scoring <9).Over the 12-year period studied, between 28.6 and 44.8% of adolescents in the five countries rated their life satisfaction as high. Relatively large changes in prevalence levels occurred at the country level over the period. Denmark and Finland showed a steady, significant decline in the prevalence of high life satisfaction over the years. Iceland showed the highest prevalence in 2010. Norway and Sweden showed similar development until 2010, followed by a clear increase for Norway and a sharp decline in adolescent high life satisfaction for Sweden up until 2014. In all countries, high life satisfaction was most prevalent in 11-year- olds and least prevalent in almost all surveys among 15-year-old girls.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Eriksson, Charli, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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A research strategy case study of alcohol and drug prevention by non-governmental organizations
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 21:suppl 1, s. 242-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundAlcohol and drug prevention is high on the public health agenda in many countries. In Sweden in 2002 an innovative project portfolio including an integrated research and competence-building strategy for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) was designed by the National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW).MethodsThe embedded case study includes 135 projects in 69 organizations and 14 in-depth process or effect studies. The data in the case study has been compiled using multiple methods - administrative data; interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and seminars; and documentation of implementation; consultations with the NBHW and the NGOs; and a literature review. Annual reports have been submitted each year and three bi-national conferences Reflections on preventions have been held.ResultsA broad range of organizations have been included in the NBHW project portfolio. A minority of the project were run by Alcohol or drug organizations, while a majority has children or adolescents as target groups. In order to develop a trustful partnership between practitioners, national agencies and researchers a series of measures were developed and implemented: meeting with project leaders, project dialogues and consultations, competence strengthening, support to documentation, in-depth studies and national conferences. A common element was that the projects were program-driven and not research-driven interventions. The role of researchers as technical advisors was suitable for the fostering of a trustful partnership for research and development. The independence of the NGOs was regarded as important for the momentum in the project implementation. The research strategy also includes elements of participatory research.ConclusionsThis research strategy case study shows that it is possible to integrate research into alcohol and drug prevention programs run by NGOs, and thereby contribute to a more evidencebased practice. A core element is developing a trustful partnership between the researchers and the organizations. Moreover, the funding agency must acknowledge the importance of knowledge development and allocating resources to a research group that is capable of cooperating with practitioners and NGOs.
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| 41. |
- Eriksson, Charli, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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A research strategy case study of alcohol and drug prevention by non-governmental organizations in Sweden 2003-2009
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : BioMed Central. - 1747-597X. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research strategy case study shows that it is possible to integrate research into alcohol and drug prevention programs run by NGOs, and thereby contribute to a more evidence-based practice. A core element is developing a trustful partnership between the researchers and the organisations. Moreover, the funding agency must acknowledge the importance of knowledge development and allocating resources to research groups that is capable of cooperating with practitioners and NGOs.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Eriksson, Charli, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Att mäta och värdera psykisk hälsa bland ungdomar : om vägval, möjligheter, svårigheter och ofullständig kunskap
- 2020
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 97:5-6, s. 743-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forskning om utvecklingen av ungdomars psykiska hälsa är utmanande. Begreppets mångsidighet gör vetenskapsteoretiska och metodologiska reflektioner nödvändiga. Data ska samlas in som kan ge möjlighet att följa utvecklingen över tid, vilket kräver goda mätinstrument, god infrastruktur för datainsamling och kompetens att mäta och analysera. Det är en paradox att den självrapporterade psykiska hälsan försämras särskilt hos tonårsflickor i ett land som välfärdslandet Sverige. En översikt ges av tidigare forskning kring trender i ungdomars psykiska hälsa inom ramen för studien Skolbarns hälsovanor. Ytterligare multidisciplinär forskning med olika komplementande ansatser behövs för att bättre fylla kunskapsluckorna.
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| 45. |
- Eriksson, Charli, et al.
(författare)
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Building knowledge of adolescent mental health in the Nordic countries : An introduction to a Nordic research collaboration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 1799-4691 .- 2464-4161. ; 4:2, s. 43-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescence is an important developmental period. Young people face many pressures and challenges, including growing academic expectations, changing social relationships with family and peers, and the physical and emotional changes associated with maturation. Mental health is a broad concept, including positive mental health, mental health problems and psychiatric diseases. This introductory paper addresses the issue of positive mental health, and how existing data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) may be used to deepen our knowledge of developments in mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries.The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study is a WHO collaborative cross-national study that now includes 48 countries, collecting data every four years from 1984 to 2018 on health, well-being, health behaviour and social environments. Data collection is carried out in school classes via self-completion of questionnaires. An asset of the study is that the HBSC focuses on understanding young people’s health in their social context at family, peer, school, neighbourhood, and country levels. The investment in the HBSC study gives unique opportunities for high-quality research and monitoring in the Nordic countries.The on-going Nordic research collaboration on positive mental health among adolescents uses the HBSC study as the research infrastructure for analysing trends as well as collecting new data on positive mental health. This special issue reports on trends when positive perspectives have been guiding the analysis of available data. The present research explores the potential of Nordic collaboration and comparative studies of school-aged children in the Nordic countries.
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| 46. |
- Eriksson, Charli C-G, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Academic practice-policy partnerships for health promotion research : experiences from three research programs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:15 Suppl, s. 88-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The development of knowledge for health promotion requires an effective mechanism for collaboration between academics, practitioners, and policymakers. The challenge is better to understand the dynamic and ever-changing context of the researcher-practitioner-policymaker-community relationship.AIMS: The aims were to explore the factors that foster Academic Practice Policy (APP) partnerships, and to systematically and transparently to review three cases.METHODS: Three partnerships were included: Power and Commitment-Alcohol and Drug Prevention by Non-Governmental Organizations in Sweden; Healthy City-Social Inclusion, Urban Governance, and Sustainable Welfare Development; and Empowering Families with Teenagers-Ideals and Reality in Karlskoga and Degerfors. The analysis includes searching for evidence for three hypotheses concerning contextual factors in multi-stakeholder collaboration, and the cumulative effects of partnership synergy.RESULTS: APP partnerships emerge during different phases of research and development. Contextual factors are important; researchers need to be trusted by practitioners and politicians. During planning, it is important to involve the relevant partners. During the implementation phase, time is important. During data collection and capacity building, it is important to have shared objectives for and dialogues about research. Finally, dissemination needs to be integrated into any partnership. The links between process and outcomes in participatory research (PR) can be described by the theory of partnership synergy, which includes consideration of how PR can ensure culturally and logistically appropriate research, enhance recruitment capacity, and generate professional capacity and competence in stakeholder groups. Moreover, there are PR synergies over time.CONCLUSIONS: The fundamentals of a genuine partnership are communication, collaboration, shared visions, and willingness of all stakeholders to learn from one another
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Eriksson, Charli, et al.
(författare)
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Design and implementation of RESCUR in Sweden for promoting resilience in children : a study protocol
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This research program aims to investigate the implementation and effects of a theoretically promising prevention method. It is being developed in a European research collaboration within a Comenius project (2012-2015) between 6 European universities (in Malta, Italy, Greece, Croatia, Portugal and Sweden) with the purpose of enhancing European children's resilience. Methods/design: RESCUR in Sweden consists in a RCT study of the Resilience Curriculum (RESCUR) that is taking place in Sweden 2017-2019. The study is being performed by Junis, IOGT-NTO's Junior Association, part of IOGT International, in conjunction with researchers at Goteborg, Umea and Stockholm universities, and is being funded by the Public Health Agency of Sweden.Around 1000 children of the ages 7-12 will, through their schools and associations, or via groups in social services, be acquainted with the material. Children will learn and practice mindfulness, storytelling, group discussions and much more, all designed to strengthen protective factors and increase their resilience. The program also involves parents, who are taking part in the work to reinforce children's protective factors.Based on the work with groups of children, an effectiveness study including children aged 7-12 in school classes, with randomized and controlled pre- and post-measurements, self-rating questionnaires and group observations is being performed. The program will also be implemented in a non-governmental organization and in groups in social services. The study also investigates forms of implementation. Discussion:The design of the study will enable the researchers to answer five research questions by using a mixed-methods approach. Implementation will be studied, which is a necessary prerequisite for an effect study. Moreover, the research procedure has been tailored to the target group, with age-appropriate measures as well as multiple informants, which will produce high-quality data for analysis. A special ethical challenge is the study of young children, and efforts to give children a voice have been included in the program. This project is regarded as having good potential to benefit children in general, and particularly children in vulnerable positions.
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| 49. |
- Eriksson, Charli
(författare)
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Forskningsprogrammets genomförande
- 2010
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Ingår i: Partnerskap för hållbar välfärdsutveckling. - Örebro : Örebro universitet. - 9789176687338 ; , s. 145-159
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Eriksson, Charli, et al.
(författare)
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Från utsatthet till inkludering – civila samhället kan bidra
- 2019
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 96:1, s. 95-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idéburna organisationer är en viktig del i det civila samhället. Genom en fallstudie av ett projekt riktat till ensamkommande flyktingungdomar berättar artikeln om hur utsatthet kan förvandlas till inkludering. Hassela Skånes projekt Vändpunkten följs upp med participatorisk forskningsansats. Analys av dokument och intervjuer av medlemmar, volontärer och ungdomar (n=20) utgör underlag för denna berättelse om hur projektet utvecklats till nytta för alla inblandade parter.Genom triangulering av olika intressenters perspektiv framkommer en idéorganisations möjlighet att bidra till en utveckling från utsatthet till inkludering. Genom uppsökande verksamhet skapas kontakt. Inom verksamhetens olika aktiviteter har det funnits möjligheter till personlig utveckling och ansvarstagande. Projektet hade värde för såväl ungdomarna som volontärerna. Genom projektet kunde deltagare utveckla organisationen Ensamkommandes förbund, där verksamheten fortsatt.
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