| 1. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 2. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Surakka, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of low-frequency and rare variants on lipid levels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:6, s. 589-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a genome-wide screen of 9.6 million genetic variants achieved through 1000 Genomes Project imputation in 62,166 samples, we identify association to lipid traits in 93 loci, including 79 previously identified loci with new lead SNPs and 10 new loci, 15 loci with a low-frequency lead SNP and 10 loci with a missense lead SNP, and 2 loci with an accumulation of rare variants. In six loci, SNPs with established function in lipid genetics (CELSR2, GCKR, LIPC and APOE) or candidate missense mutations with predicted damaging function (CD300LG and TM6SF2) explained the locus associations. The low-frequency variants increased the proportion of variance explained, particularly for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Altogether, our results highlight the impact of low-frequency variants in complex traits and show that imputation offers a cost-effective alternative to resequencing.
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| 4. |
- Vimaleswaran, Karani S, et al.
(författare)
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Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 2:9, s. 719-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with high arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk, but whether this association is causal is unknown. We used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25(OH)D concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Methods In this mendelian randomisation study, we generated an allele score (25[OH]D synthesis score) based on variants of genes that affect 25(OH)D synthesis or substrate availability (CYP2R1 and DHCR7), which we used as a proxy for 25(OH)D concentration. We meta-analysed data for up to 108173 individuals from 35 studies in the D-CarDia collaboration to investigate associations between the allele score and blood pressure measurements. We complemented these analyses with previously published summary statistics from the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (ICBP), the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and the Global Blood Pressure Genetics (Global BPGen) consortium. Findings In phenotypic analyses (up to n=49363), increased 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·12 mm Hg, 95% CI −0·20 to −0·04; p=0·003) and reduced odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·97–0·99; p=0·0003), but not with decreased diastolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·02 mm Hg, −0·08 to 0·03; p=0·37). In meta-analyses in which we combined data from D-CarDia and the ICBP (n=146581, after exclusion of overlapping studies), each 25(OH)D-increasing allele of the synthesis score was associated with a change of −0·10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·21 to −0·0001; p=0·0498) and a change of −0·08 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·15 to −0·02; p=0·01). When D-CarDia and consortia data for hypertension were meta-analysed together (n=142255), the synthesis score was associated with a reduced odds of hypertension (OR per allele, 0·98, 0·96–0·99; p=0·001). In instrumental variable analysis, each 10% increase in genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a change of −0·29 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·52 to −0·07; p=0·01), a change of −0·37 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·73 to 0·003; p=0·052), and an 8·1% decreased odds of hypertension (OR 0·92, 0·87–0·97; p=0·002). Interpretation Increased plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D might reduce the risk of hypertension. This finding warrants further investigation in an independent, similarly powered study.
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| 5. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 6. |
- Baiocchi, B., et al.
(författare)
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Transport analysis and modelling of the evolution of hollow density profiles plasmas in JET and implication for ITER
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The density evolution during the transient phase just after the L-H transition is investigated using theoretical transport models. Cases characterized by core densities which evolve in longer timescales than the edge densities, leading to hollow density profiles (R/L-n = -R del n/n < 0) are modelled. This density evolution is particularly interesting because it has been shown to be beneficial in the view of the access to burning plasma conditions in ITER (Loarte et al 2013 Nucl. Fusion 53 083031). Self-consistent simulations of the JET discharge 79676 of the density-only, and of the density and the temperatures are carried out using a quasilinear gyrokinetic code, QuaLiKiz (Bourdelle et al 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 112501), coupled with a transport code CRONOS (Artaud et al 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 043001). The slow evolution of the hollow density, associated with the self-consistently calculated hollow NBI particle deposition, is well reproduced in the plasma core. Indeed, QuaLiKiz is shown to reproduce nonlinear gyrokinetic heat and particle fluxes well for both positive and negative R/L-n. That gives a theoretical and general basis for the persistence of the hollowness, laying the groundwork for the extrapolation to ITER.
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| 7. |
- Baiocchi, B., et al.
(författare)
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Turbulent transport analysis of JET H-mode and hybrid plasmas using QuaLiKiz and Trapped Gyro Landau Fluid
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 57:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physical transport processes at the basis of JET typical inductive H-mode scenarios and advanced hybrid regimes, with improved thermal confinement, are analyzed by means of some of the newest and more sophisticated quasi-linear transport models: trapped gyro Landau fluid (TGLF) and QuaLiKiz. The temporal evolution of JET pulses is modelled by CRONOS where the turbulent transport is modelled by either QuaLiKiz or TGLF. Both are first principle models with a more comprehensive physics than the models previously developed and therefore allow the analysis of the physics at the basis of the investigated scenarios. For H-modes, ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes are found to be dominant and the transport models are able to properly reproduce temperature profiles in self-consistent simulations. However, for hybrid regimes, in addition to ITG trapped electron modes (TEM) are also found to be important and different physical mechanisms for turbulence reduction play a decisive role. Whereas E x B flow shear and plasma geometry have a limited impact on turbulence, the presence of a large population of fast ions, quite important in low density regimes, can stabilize core turbulence mainly when the electromagnetic effects are taken into account. The TGLF transport model properly captures these mechanisms and correctly reproduces temperatures.
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| 8. |
- Baron-Wiechec, A., et al.
(författare)
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First dust study in JET with the ITER-like wall : sampling, analysis and classification
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of the first dust survey in JET with the ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) are presented. The sampling was performed using adhesive stickers from the divertor tiles where the greatest material deposition was detected after the first JET-ILW campaign in 2011-2012. The emphasis was especially on sampling and analysis of metal particles (Be and W) with the aim to determine the composition, size, surface topography and internal dust structure using a large set of methods: high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam, electron diffraction and also wavelength and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The most important was the identification of beryllium dust both in the form of flakes and droplets with dimensions in the micrometer range. Tungsten, molybdenum, inconel constituents were identified along with many impurity species. The particles are categorised and the origin of the various constituents discussed.
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| 9. |
- Bendor, Roy, et al.
(författare)
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Looking backward to the future: : On past-facing approaches to futuring
- 2021
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Ingår i: Futures. - : Elsevier. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the past is present in all futuring activities it tends to remain implicit and has not received adequate attention by futures scholars and practitioners. In response, this conceptual paper offers a novel framework with which the past can be brought into futures studies in a structured and comprehensive way. We begin by providing a brief account of how the past already figures in futures studies as part of efforts to understand the lingering effects of the past on the future; as part of a drive for ontological pluralization; and as a way to augment more mainstream futuring exercises. We then introduce two past-facing approaches to futuring, recasting and pastcasting, and illustrate their symmetry with the more familiar future-facing approaches, forecasting and backcasting. The symmetry, we argue, is based on shared aims and a shared style of inquiry. We then compare the different approaches and illustrate the landscape of futuring as an interplay of two dimensions: the focus of the activity on outcomes or pathways, and the stakes involved in it.
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| 10. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 11. |
- Biørn-Hansen, Aksel, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Problem Space of CO2 Emission Reductions from Academic Flying
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:21, s. 12206-12206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CO2 emissions from aviation have been predicted to increase over the coming decades. Within the academic world, flying is often perceived to be a necessary prerequisite to being a successful researcher. Many Swedish universities have ambitious climate goals, but are simultaneously among the top emitters in the public sector. Reaching stated climate goals could feasibly be met through a combination of measures, including decreased flying. One way to address the challenge is to support behavioural interventions with the help of interactive visualizations of CO2 emissions from flying. Those few examples that exist in the research literature are generally directed towards management and are less applicable to universities, given the large autonomy researchers enjoy and their discretionary control of research project funds. This paper uses a design-oriented research approach to present an analysis of the problem space at the intersection of interactive visualizations using air travel data to reduce CO2 emissions from business air travel at our own university, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Through a number of design experiments, evaluations and investigations, we have unearthed needs, challenges and opportunities for the creation of visualization tools to support more sustainable travel practices at universities and in other knowledge-intensive organisations.
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| 12. |
- Biørn-Hansen, Aksel, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Use of a Carbon Footprint Calculator Challenging Everyday Habits
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Human-Computer Interaction Conference. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon calculators have been put forth as a tool to motivate sustainable behaviour change in people. However, the approach of “just” presenting numbers to communicate climate footprints has not been found to be an effective strategy. In this paper, we investigate the use of an application that combines carbon footprint calculations with gamelike features in order to address the gap between awareness and behaviour. Our results are based on an interview study and show that while respondents appreciate the idea, there are several problem areas which have implications for the design of carbon calculators, including issues with targeting the “right users”, the use of gamification and the absence of a social context. Furthermore, the results point towards general barriers and opportunities for design when the aim is to design for sustainable behaviour change. This includes a need to be adaptive to the transitioning process towards a low carbon lifestyle.
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| 13. |
- Björndal, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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From transactions to relationships : Making sense of user-centered perspectives in large technology-intensive companies
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th IFIP 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2015. - Cham : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9783319270470 ; , s. 114-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyze interviews from four technology-intensive companies, focused on service and service development. All companies have during the last two decades introduced interaction design units, and the corporations were selected due to their interest in also expanding the service share of their business. This service shift has been a top-down initiative. However in only two companies, the initiatives have led to the establishment of enterprise wide service development processes, and in the other two companies, the service development is more ad hoc. It is argued that even if interaction design has close theoretical relation to service design such combination has so far been limited. We discuss the shift from product to service view of the offerings within these companies, and relate this to user-centered perspectives. We argue there is a window of opportunity within technology-intensive and engineering focused industries to include user-centered design when formalizing service development.
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| 14. |
- Bonanomi, N., et al.
(författare)
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Trapped electron mode driven electron heat transport in JET : experimental investigation and gyro-kinetic theory validation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of this work is to study the dependence of trapped electron modes (TEM) threshold and of electron stiffness on the most relevant plasma parameters. Dedicated transport experiments based on heat flux scans and T-e modulation have been performed in JET in TEM dominated plasmas with pure ICRH electron heating and a numerical study using gyrokinetic simulations has been performed with the code GKW. Using multilinear regressions on the experimental data, the stabilizing effect of magnetic shear predicted by theory for our plasma parameters is confirmed while no significant effect of safety factor was found. Good quantitative agreement is found between the TEM thresholds found in the experiments and calculated with linear GKW simulations. Non-linear simulations have given further confirmation of the threshold values and allowed comparison with the values of stiffness found experimentally. Perturbative studies using RF power modulation indicate the existence of an inward convective term for the electron heat flux. Adding NBI power, ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes become dominant and a reduction of vertical bar del T-e vertical bar/T-e with respect to pure ICRH, TEM dominant discharges has been experimentally observed, in spite of increased total electron power. Possible explanations are discussed.
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| 15. |
- Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing space : peer-to-peer sharing as a transition practice
- 2020
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Ingår i: ICT4S2020: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 220-226
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A regenerative thriving future within limits will require a change of social practices. Such a change will however not come by itself, and it is safe to state that computing in different forms and shapes will be critical. In this paper we evaluate a start-up in the form of an online platform supporting peer-to-peer storage space rentals. We will present and analyse their service and discuss the current and future prospects for systems in this genre, in light of the transition to a post-carbon future society. The analysis is grounded in a user study evaluating the system in its current form. We argue that services like the one offered by these types of companies could function as a type of 'transition service' in the sense that they are perhaps an interim self-obviating system that enable people to get accustomed to a new way of thinking about current unsustainable practices (in this case storage practices and sharing of storage), but eventually might become unnecessary/superfluous as a new ecology of storage practices comes into place. Hence, it might be important for these services and the companies behind them to prepare for this eventuality, for example by diversifying their business offer.
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| 16. |
- Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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ICT practices in smart sustainable cities : In the intersection of technological solutions and practices of everyday life
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of EnviroInfo and ICT for Sustainability 2015. - Copenhagen : Atlantis Press. - 9789462520929 ; , s. 317-324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT, information and communications technology,has radically transformed our world and is now an inextricable partof what it means to live a normal life as a citizen, at least in highincomecountries. This has led to a situation where ICT has becomeso taken for granted that it has lost its visibility. While thisdevelopment to a large extent has been driven by businessopportunities, there is now also an increasing recognition of ICT as apossible solution to sustainability problems. There are however twomajor pitfalls of using ICT as a tool for sustainability that need to beaddressed for its potentials to be realized. The first pitfall isenvironmental impacts of ICT, as well as the risk of lock-in effectsand an increasing vulnerability. The second pitfall concerns theunderstanding of ICT as a neutral solution, rather than recognizingthat ICT, as all technology, carries implicit values. Taken together,these two pitfalls imply a need for replacing the atomized and technobiasedunderstandings of ICT with an approach that recognize thelarger socio-material, political and economic structure in which ICTis (thought to be) part. With the aim of contributing to such a shift,this paper proposes a practice-oriented perspective in order toexplore the potential of ICT to contribute to sustainability, using thesmart sustainable city discourse as our example. We define theconcept ICT practices and discuss it from an interdisciplinaryperspective and in relation to the sustainable smart city. We arguethat by using ICT practices as a conceptual starting-point foranalysis, both the technological and the socio-cultural components ofthe smart sustainable city discourse can become elicited, enabling amore explicit analysis of what assumptions this discourse rests on.
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| 17. |
- Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Why share? : An outline of a policy framework for sharing.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sharing economy has received much attention in recent years, partly because it carries a promise of reducing environmental impacts. This decrease is expected to take place through higher utilization of raw materials and energy when physical products are shared to a greater extent . However, our reading of current literature on sharing suggests that such environmental impacts have rarely been assessed at the societal level, e.g. nationally or along a supply chain. Neither are definitions and classifications of sharing found in literature, in general, particularly helpful for estimating environmental potentials and risks. We argue that there is a need for a framework supporting policy to clarify the importance of policy when it comes to the final effects of sharing.The aim of this paper is to outline a policy framework for environmental potentials and risks of the sharing economy. We have here delimited this paper to discuss levels of energy use as an example of environmental impact, but argue that the tentative policy framework presented can be used for any sustainability factor. In the paper we populate the policy framework with a spectrum of sharing initiatives and discuss the possible changes in energy use connected to these initiatives. Furthermore, we also discuss in what areas research on the environmental impacts of sharing initiatives could be specifically important, based on the outcome of populating the policy framework for potentials and risks.
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| 18. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Användbara IT-stöd : En utvärdering av ett forskningsprojekt vid CSN, Centrala studiestödsnämnden
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvecklingsrådet för den statliga sektorn har tagit ett initiativ för att stödja myndigheternas arbete med att förbättra arbetsmiljön och sänka sjukfrånvaron. Därför startades programmet Satsa friskt. Programmet ger stöd i form av ekonomiskt bidrag och experthjälp till olika projekt inom statliga myndigheter. Ett av Satsa Friskts insatsområden är Människa IT . Inom detta område har det sedan 2004 bedrivits ett antal olika projekt vid flera statliga verk. Vi har från MDI (avdelningen för människa-datorinteraktion, institutionen för informationsteknologi) vid Uppsala universitet varit mer omfattande inblandad i tre olika sådana projekt: vid CSN, Migrationsverket och SMHI. Syftet och innehållet har varierat en del mellan de olika projekten, men ett huvudsakligt fokus har varit hur man kan se till att de framtida IT-stödda arbetena inom myndigheterna blir effektivare och arbetsmiljön bättre. Genom att bättre beakta användbarhets- och arbetsmiljöaspekter vid kravställande, utveckling och införande av IT-stöd kan man stödja en positiv utveckling av verksamheten som sådan liksom av arbetsinnehåll och arbetsmiljö för den enskilde individen. Resultatet kan då bli effektivare verksamhet, bättre service till kunder och ett hälsosammare och hållbarare arbete för de anställda. Denna rapport beskriver det arbete som under åren 2005-2007 genomförts i samverkan mellan CSN, Centrala studiestödsnämnden, och MDI, Uppsala universitet. Förutom en kort beskrivning av innehållet i det arbete som gjorts inom projektet redovisar denna rapport en utvärdering av resultatet, de lärdomar som vi gjort från projektet, de råd vi kan ge till andra som vill ta del av dessa lärdomar samt en förteckning av de rapporter av olika slag som producerats.
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| 19. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Automation and E-government Services : A Widened Perspective
- 2007
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Ingår i: The 1st International Workshop on Design & Evaluation of e-Government Applications and Services. ; , s. 3-6
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This short paper questions the focus on automation of egovernment processes, and efficiency in e-government, which is prevalent in both research and in practice in Swedish governments. We argue that this focus on automation and efficiency might cause unhealthy workfor civil servants, and services that do not meet the demands or needs of the citizens. Hence, the role of the civil servant must be reconsidered, from a mere “overseer” of an automated process, to a highly skilled worker that provides complex services and works efficiently with information. Moreover, research on egovernment should elaborate more on the changes that needs to be done in the services provided, as well as which services that are suitable for the Internet and other media.
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| 20. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual personas as a method for understanding digital work environments
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 4th IFIP 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2015. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319270470 - 9783319270487 ; , s. 141-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of IT at the workplace has changed dramatically from being a tool within the work environment to include all aspects of social and private life. New workplaces emerge where IT becomes more and more divergent, embedded and pervasive. These new aspects of IT at work need to be addressed with new or adapted human centred activities. This paper present and discuss a modified version of personas called contextual personas developed to better address the new working life. The contextual personas were developed using contextual inquiry, and focus groups as well as argumentative design. From the process of developing the contextual personas we learned that they are indeed a promising tool to understand the new work situations, and especially the holistic view of IT at work as they bring the whole working-life of the personas into focus. Finally, we discuss in what way the contextual personas could give developers extended understanding of the users’ future office work environment.
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| 21. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Procurement, Usability and Off-the-Shelf Office Software
- 2007
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Ingår i: COST294-MAUSE Workshop Downstream Utility. - 9782917490013 ; , s. 25-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Off-the-shelf office software has lately been receivingincreasing attention in Sweden. This experience reportillustrate different perspectives on a usability evaluation ofthe procurement process and the off-the-shelf softwaresystem. This study was part of a long-term action researchproject in a large government organization. Data wascollected through documents, interviews, and participatoryobservations. This paper describes how the usabilityevaluation was carried out, how the context of the usabilityevaluation changed during these weeks and finally discussand interpret why the stakeholders experienced theevaluation as useful. The usability evaluation was found tobe very useful by stakeholders from the organization,whereas the usability expert as well as our research grouphad difficulties in seeing the usefulness. Findings indicatean agenda that was revealed late in the project as one of themain reason for the importance of the evaluation. Also atrue belief in the perfection of the off-the-shelf officesoftware and a somewhat different view of what usability ismight explain the downstream utility.
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| 22. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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On the establishment of user-centred perspectives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the NordiCHI 2014. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 1595930361 - 9781450325424 ; , s. 103-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the obstacles for and discusses possible solutions to successfully establishing a User Centred Perspective (UCP) in organisations. The analysis is made with the use of the theory Communities of Practice (CoP). The analysis is based on a cross case study based on two longitudinal action research projects. In these studies we identified four CoP considered important; users, core business managers, IT coordinators and system developers. The analysis shows in what ways the communities contribute to the difficulties for a successful establishment of UCP. One example is marginalising the IT coordinator community, and another is imperialism of the system developer community as well as the lack of boundary spanning skills. The results indicate that we need to influence all levels in organisations, with a focus on boundaries between communities, in order to successfully introduce a UCP. Boundary spanning objects need to be identified and knowledge sharing needs to be enhanced.
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| 23. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a usability coaching method for institutionalizing usability in organisations
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Human-computer interaction. - New York : Springer. - 9783642152306 ; , s. 86-97
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ideas related to user centred systems design are difficult to implement in organisations and usability is given low priority in in-house systemsdevelopment. This problem is multifaceted and complex and needs to be addressed with a method capable of adapting to situations, people and context. Inthis paper we outline a new method – usability coaching – that has the capability for dealing with the situated problems of introducing user centred systemsdevelopment in an organisations. The method is the results of a larger action research case study in which 9 individuals in an organization received usabilitycoaching. Our study indicates that the coaching program made coachees workmore actively with usability activities; hence the coaching program had a substantial effect on their actions and contributed to the organizational change.
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| 24. |
- Carralero, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Validation of a Filament Transport Model in Turbulent Magnetized Plasmas
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 115:21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a wide variety of natural and laboratory magnetized plasmas, filaments appear as a result of interchange instability. These convective structures substantially enhance transport in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. According to filament models, their propagation may follow different regimes depending on the parallel closure of charge conservation. This is of paramount importance in magnetic fusion plasmas, as high collisionality in the scrape-off layer may trigger a regime transition leading to strongly enhanced perpendicular particle fluxes. This work reports for the first time on an experimental verification of this process, linking enhanced transport with a regime transition as predicted by models. Based on these results, a novel scaling for global perpendicular particle transport in reactor relevant tokamaks such as ASDEX-Upgrade and JET is found, leading to important implications for next generation fusion devices.
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| 25. |
- Challis, C. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Improved confinement in JET high beta plasmas with an ITER-like wall
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The replacement of the JET carbon wall (C-wall) by a Be/W ITER-like wall (ILW) has affected the plasma energy confinement. To investigate this, experiments have been performed with both the C-wall and ILW to vary the heating power over a wide range for plasmas with different shapes. It was found that the power degradation of thermal energy confinement was weak with the ILW; much weaker than the IPB98(y,2) scaling and resulting in an increase in normalized confinement from H-98 similar to 0.9 at beta(N) similar to 1.5 to H-98 similar to 1.2 - 1.3 at beta(N) similar to 2.5 - 3.0 as the power was increased (where H-98 = tau(E)/tau(IPB98(y, 2)) and beta(N) = beta B-T(T)/aI(P) in %T/mMA). This reproduces the general trend in JET of higher normalized confinement in the so-called 'hybrid' domain, where normalized beta is typically above 2.5, compared with 'baseline' ELMy H-mode plasmas with beta(N) similar to 1.5-2.0. This weak power degradation of confinement, which was also seen with the C-wall experiments at low triangularity, is due to both increased edge pedestal pressure and core pressure peaking at high power. By contrast, the high triangularity C-wall plasmas exhibited elevated H-98 over a wide power range with strong, IPB98(y,2)-like, power degradation. This strong power degradation of confinement appears to be linked to an increase in the source of neutral particles from the wall as the power increased, an effect that was not reproduced with the ILW. The reason for the loss of improved confinement domain at low power with the ILW is yet to be clarified, but contributing factors may include changes in the rate of gas injection, wall recycling, plasma composition and radiation. The results presented in this paper show that the choice of wall materials can strongly affect plasma performance, even changing confinement scalings that are relied upon for extrapolation to future devices.
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| 26. |
- Chapman, I. T., et al.
(författare)
-
The merits of ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes for sawtooth control in tokamak plasmas
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 81:06
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- JET experiments have compared the efficacy of low-and high field side ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) as an actuator to deliberately minimise the sawtooth period. It is found that low-field side ICRH with low minority concentration is optimal for saw tooth control for two main reasons. Firstly, low-field side heating means that any toroidal phasing of the ICRH (-90 degrees, +90 degrees or dipole) has a destabilising effect on the sawteeth, meaning that dipole phasing can be employed, since tins is preferable due to less plasma wall interaction from Resonant Frequency (RI) sheaths. Secondly, the resonance position of the low field side ICRH does not have to be very accurately placed to achieve saw tooth control, relaxing the requirement for real-time control of the RF frequency. These empirical observations have been confirmed by hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic modelling, and suggest that the ICRH antenna design for ITER is well positioned to provide a control actuator capable of having a significant effect on the sawtooth behaviour.
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| 27. |
- Comber, Robert, Associate Professor, et al.
(författare)
-
Computing as Ecocide
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Ninth Computing within Limits 2023. - : PubPub.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental impact of computing is significant, distributed, and extensive. In this paper, we examine the extent to which this implies that computing, as an industry and as specific technologies, infrastructures, and practices, can be considered as ecocide. Ecocide is a proposed crime of environmental damage. A significant movement is underway to register ecocide as the fifth law of the International Criminal Court. We examine the definition of ecocide proposed and evaluate computing across the criteria established. Our intention with this paper is not to provide definitive proof, one way or the other, but to raise the question of the extent to which we can consider, be accountable for, and take responsibility for the environmental harm we create as designers of computing technologies. We argue that the establishment of ecocide as an international crime will have significant effects for computing in how we assume and consume natural resources in the advancement of computing, and that a paradigm shift is needed to recognise and account for nature as an equal participant in computing’s future and development.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Addressing Students’ Eco-anxiety when Teaching Sustainability in Higher Education
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability, ICT4S 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 88-98
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread awareness and the sense of urgency and helplessness regarding the ongoing sustainability crisis (climate change, biodiversity loss etc.) can evoke feelings of grief, sorrow, despair and anxiety. Those emotions are seldom discussed in computing or in computing education. They can have detrimental effects on the well-being of students and others, and also lead to inaction. But concern can on the other hand also be a catalyst for learning. In this paper, we present results and reflections from a research and development project in our introductory course to sustainability and ICT focusing on emotions in sustainability education. We focus on “eco-anxiety” and ask: 1) How is eco-anxiety communicated by students and teachers?, 2) In what ways do students receive support to deal with eco-anxiety? and 3) What could be done to better address eco-anxiety in computing education? We here present an analysis of how we have responded to the phenomenon of eco-anxiety, what activities have been added to the course and an evaluation of these interventions. The results are based on joint reflections that have been guided by literature, a small-scale ethnographic study as well as a course evaluation. The paper will end with recommendations for other ICT4S educators on how they can start addressing eco-anxiety in their education.
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
Design Recommendations for a Computer-Based Speech Training System Based on End User Interviews
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Speech and Computers. ; , s. 483-486
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has been performed in order to improve theusability of computer-based speech training (CBST) aids.The aim was to engage the users of speech training systemsin the first step of creating a new CBST aid. Speechtherapists and children with hearing- or speech impairmentwere interviewed and the result of the interviews ispresented in the form of design recommendations.
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| 30. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exceptionalism and Evasion : How Scholars Reason About Air Travel
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Academic Flying and the Means of Communication. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811649103 ; , s. 159-183
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how scholars reason about their own flying habits is important when dealing with the problems of large emissions from academic air travel. This study is based on a travel habits survey with scholars at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. KTH has relatively high emissions from air travel, but at the same time, it has a high profile in matters of sustainability and a lot of research related to this theme. One can therefore assume a high degree of knowledge about the climate crisis and the climate impact of various actions. It is also plausible that KTH scholars meet special expectations to be role models and that practices in conflict with their teaching can have consequences for the public confidence in the university. In this study, we look at how scholars reason about how emissions from their flying could be reduced. Their responses display a spectrum of varying attitudes, from climate scepticism to a commitment to radical transformation, with the majority in between, either suggesting different types of concrete changes or invoking arguments to justify the status quo. The proposed interventions, several of which are ingenious and wise, can guide university managements to strategies that have support from employees. The more reluctant arguments point to cultural and discursive habits that must be understood and met in an empathetic way.
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| 31. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
HCI and UN's Sustainable Development Goals : Responsibilities, Barriers and Opportunities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: NordiCHI '16. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450347631
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite increasing interest, Sustainable HCI has been critiqued for doing too little, and perhaps also at times for doing the wrong things. Still, a field like Human-Computer Interaction should aim at being part of transforming our society into a more sustainable one. But how do we do that, and, what are we aiming for?With this workshop, we propose that HCI should start working with the new global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that were formally adopted by the UN in September 2015. How can Sustainable HCI be inspired by, and contribute to these goals? What should we in the field of HCI do more of, and what should we perhaps do less of? In what areas should we form partnerships in order to reach the Sustainable Development Goals and with whom should we partner?
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
Hello World! - Experiencing Usability Methods without Usability Expertise
- 2009
-
Ingår i: HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2009, PT II, PROCEEDINGS. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642036576 ; , s. 550-565
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do you do usability work when no usability expertise is available? What happens in an organization when system developers, with no previous HCI knowledge, after a 3-day course, start applying usability methods, and particularly field studies? In order to answer these questions qualitative data were gathered through participatory observations, a feed back survey, field study documentation and interviews from 47 system developers from a public authority. Our results suggest that field studies enhance the developer's understanding of the user perspective, and provide a more holistic overview of the use situation, but that some developers were unable to interpret their observations and see solutions to the users' problems. The field study method was very much appreciated and has now become standard operating procedure within the organization. However, although field studies may be useful, it does not replace the need for usability pro fes sion als, as their knowledge is essential for more complex observations, analysis and for keeping the focus on usability.
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
ICT4S Reaching Out : Making sustainability relevant in higher education
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2014 conference ICT for Sustainability. - Paris, France : Atlantis Press. - 9789462520226
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many media technology and computer science engineering students suffer from the preconceived opinion that sustainability is at best peripheral, and at worst irrelevant to their education. In this paper we discuss our experiences of integrating sustainability and ICT4S into a media technology engineering programme. An overarching tension has been in finding a balance between teaching about sustainability in general, and teaching about ICT4S in particular. Furthermore, what aspects of the wide and interdisciplinary area of ICT4S are most relevant to teach to media technology students, and how can the connection between ICT and sustainability be “refined”, clarified and expressed We explicate how we have gone about to shape the course in such a way that it becomes both relevant and possible for these students to relate to it, and we exemplify with choices made, of which one had been the implementation and adaption of the GaSuCo board game. While the results presented here are primarily relevant to media technology and computer science educations, we also conclude with recommendations to the larger ICT4S community. We argue that the ICT4S community does not only need to take part in developing education in this area, but also needs to conduct research on how to educate students in ICT4S.
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| 34. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing usability roles in public authorities
- 2008
-
Ingår i: NordiCHI 2008. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education. - 9781595937049 ; , s. 113-122
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most common ways of introducing usability into development work in a public authority is by employing a usability professional. But how successful is this strategy when it comes to increasing focus on usability in the organization and how successful have these usability professionals been in introducing usability activities into the development work in their organizations? This paper is based on five case studies on the introduction of usability professionals in public authorities in Sweden. These different ways of introducing usability are discussed and analyzed. Based on this data we draw conclusions about what to consider in order to achieve a successful introduction of usability. Interviews with nine usability professionals were conducted all of which were recorded, analyzed and condensed into the case studies presented. One lesson learned from the case studies is the importance of a formal title as it shapes interpretations of what usability is about. Another issue discussed is the usefulness of a formal job description, and personal characteristics of the person working with usability. Based on the case studies we draw the conclusion that a senior usability professional is to be preferred since introduction of usability often implies organizational change as well as conflicts and discussions at a management level. Another conclusion that can be drawn from the studies is that usability work is more successful in the short perspective if it contributes directly to the design and program code instead of focusing on strategic levels such as policy, evaluation of existing systems and method development.
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| 35. |
|
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| 36. |
- Eriksson, Elina
(författare)
-
Making sense of usability : Organizational change and sensemaking when introducing user-centred systems design in public authorities
- 2009
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computers have become an everyday encounter, not at least in work settings. These computers must support the user in order for her to work in an effective and efficient manner. The field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has among other things been focusing on this issue, and there are numerous methods and activities that aim at helping developers to develop usable computer systems. However, the methods and activities must be used in practice in order to be beneficial, not only within research, thus the methods must make sense to the system developers, as well as the organization in which they shall be applied. Furthermore, the organization must change in order to incorporate these methods and activities, and this change must impact a larger part of the organization than just the IT-department.My research has revolved around the introduction of usability methods in public authorities, in particular user-centred systems design (UCSD). My methodology has been action research, which implies a close collaboration with practitioners. Some of the methods used to gather data have been interviews, participatory observations, research diaries and field studies.In this licentiate thesis I present my work up to date and the theories that have informed my understanding of organizations and organizational change. Furthermore I have been influenced by the sensemaking theory, which can be used in order to understand how people make sense of technology, methods and organizational change. With the help of these theories, I extend my results further than presented in the papers.The notion of organizational change when introducing usability issues has not achieved sufficient attention in the HCI-field. This thesis is a step towards an understanding of this issue. Furthermore, I have, with the results from my papers together with the theories presented shown that although formal documents can be used to promote change, it is not enough. Rather there is a need to further explore the interplay between formal aspects and the situated work, and how to enhance sensegiving in this sensemaking process.
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| 37. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Meeting the future in the past-using counterfactual history to imagine computing futures
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450365758
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future is inherently hard to predict, yet we know there are various factors that will limit the future of computing (scarcity of materials, energy shortages and various biophysical limits) in both substantial and disruptive ways. When we look at the past and at mainstream projected computing futures, all we see is exponential growth. While it is easy to reject such trajectories, it is much harder to imagine and propose credible, preferable and evocative alternatives. Breaking away from default modes of thinking about computing is difficult but possible, and we here present a methodology-counterfactual history-that can help us imagine alternative scenarios for computing. We argue that by learning from counterfactual pasts ("what-if scenarios"), we can more easily liberate our ideas from various preconceptions that hamper them and box them in. This makes it possible to generate and entertain a more diverse "portfolio" of ideas about the future and help us better prepare for meeting future challenges.
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| 38. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
On the inherent contradictions of teaching sustainability at a technical university
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Digital Technology and Sustainability: Engaging the Paradox. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9781138205888 ; , s. 154-165
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On the necessity of rocking the boat Computers and digitalization have greatly shaped our world and are now an unavoidable part of modern society. Weiser’s (1991) vision of ubiquitous computing has in many respects not only been met but has in affluent parts of the world been surpassed (Bell & Dourish, 2007). Digital artifacts and devices surround us and have invisibly and seamlessly permeated everything we do. Our modern societies are however not sustainable. We have overstepped several planetary boundaries and risk overstepping several more (Steffen et al., 2015). We are about to reach limits as to the resources we can extract from the earth (Bardi, 2014), and the changes wreaked are by now so profound that they will likely last for a geological period of time (Steffen et al., 2007). In light of this, it is of utmost importance to strive towards a sustainable society, and this is a responsibility that falls on many disciplines and sectors. We believe that engineering students could be key drivers in this change since many will eventually enter positions of power from which they will make decisions that will shape our future society.
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| 39. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Necessity of Flying and of not Flying: : Exploring how Computer Scientists Reason about Academic Travel
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ICT4S2020: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 18-26
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to fulfill the Paris agreement, we need to drastically reduce carbon emissions globally. 2020 is a pivotal year in this endeavour as many projections indicate that emissions need to decrease significantly before 2030. This challenge pertains to all parts of society, including (computer science) researchers. This however clashes with the fact that flying to a large extent has become built-in to the everyday practices of research and of academic life. It is feasible to imagine that computer scientists could fly less than other academics since we ought to be innovators and early adopters of computer-mediated alternatives such as video-conferencing and other forms of digital meeting technologies. It is however also possible that we fly more because conferences might be a more dominant outlet for publications in our field in comparison to other research fields. At KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the researchers at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) fly the most. In this paper, we present initial qualitative results from a survey regarding travel that was answered by computer scientists at EECS. We are in particular analysing the free text answers in order to understand how computer scientists1 reason about their own flying and about the alternatives. It will be hard to fulfil the Paris agreement without decreasing flying significantly, but this requires us to rethink how we do research, and how we travel (or not) within academia. This paper contributes with knowledge about the perceived barriers and drivers for computer scientists to decrease their flying.
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| 40. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Preface of the 5th International Workshop on ICT4S Education
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ICT4S-JP 2023 - Joint Proceedings of ICT4S 2023 Doctoral Symposium, Demonstrations and Posters Track and Workshops, co-located with 9th International Conference on Information and Communications Technology for Sustainability, ICT4S 2023. - : CEUR-WS. ; 3562, s. 103-104
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT4S as an umbrella concept encompasses several disciplines and areas related to sustainability and ICT, and it can be difficult for an educator to have an overview of all areas and research fronts where interesting, engaging and transformative research is taking place. We provide such a space.
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| 41. |
|
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| 42. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-
(författare)
-
Situated Reflexive Change : User-Centred Design in(to) Practice
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Technology used in the Swedish workplace is perceived to be controlling, gener- ally still difficult to use, and with a low degree of usability. Even though the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has been concerned with researching different ways of developing usable systems for at least half a century, there seem to be problems with the diffusion of the results into practice. One of the possible approaches to developing usable systems is user-centred design, and in this thesis I am concerned with the issue of introducing user-centred design and usability work in public authorities and institutions. I will present work done in two different research projects with a focus on change, where the aim has been to introduce or enhance usability work. Through a lens of social construction- ism and reflexivity I will explore the outcome of the projects and the implica- tions for the introduction of user-centred design in practice. Furthermore, I will explore whether the focus on the introduction of usability work might hinder the formation of a sustainable change in the organizations interested in devel- oping usable systems. The research question then becomes; can we introduce usability work in organizations?The answer to this question is no. Instead, we need to change our perspective from introduction to situated reflexive change: focusing on sensemaking and a situated process of ongoing change, where the stakeholders in the organization themselves must play an active and responsible part. This entails a shift from dualism to duality and a reconsideration of what our usability methods can con- tribute with. Furthermore, I will explore possible approaches to working with situated reflexive change with tools that are familiar in the field of HCI, but with an expanded scope. In particular I will discuss field studies conducted by system developers as a tool for making sense of usability issues, personas as a tool for inducing reflexivity in and on practice, and usability coaching as a sensemaking tool for both organizational stakeholders and researchers in order to understand and reflect upon change.
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| 43. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainable development for ICT engineering students : “What’s in it for me”?
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of sustainable development (SD) is hardly possible to refute; however, sustainable development has been a relatively peripheral subject in computer-related engineering educations. Sustainability, with its global and potentially all-encompassing connotations, is still seen by many Information and Communication Technology (ICT) students as a topic of little relevance to their future careers. So how can teachers convince these students that sustainability is a topic that can be both relevant and interesting for them? From the point of view of the student; “What’s in it for me?”.In this paper we describe and compare our efforts to plan and teach three introductory courses on SD in three different ICT-related educational programmes at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The courses were planned separately, but they will be analysed together. We discuss two dimensions that we have found to be imperative in our endeavour to engage our students. The first dimension is to handle the balance between sustainability on a general level versus sustainability as specifically related to ICT. The second dimension is to handle the tension between teaching facts versus an emphasis on students’ reflections and/or practicing skills. We argue that overcoming the challenge of making sustainability relevant to the students is central for successfully teaching these courses.
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| 44. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainable IT Business in the Making : An exploratory case study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability, Lappeenranta, Finland, June 10-14, 2019..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Businesses have historically had a negative impact on the environment by contributing to pollution, the increase of greenhouse emissions, neglection of responsible waste disposal, and deforestation among other things. In this paper we present an exploratory case study of an IT consultancy firm and their perspective and work with sustainable development. As a consultancy firm, the company does not provideservices directly to end users, but rather help clients in their business efforts. The aim with this project has been to explore how sustainability concerns can be integrated into the work processes of an IT consultancy firm, exploring both opportunities and challenges.
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| 45. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Systems Thinking Exercises in Computing Education: : Broadening the Scope of ICT and Sustainability
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ICT4S2020: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 170-176
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrating sustainability in computing education entails broadening the scope of the education, but how can that be done while maintaining student engagement? Climate change and species extinction can appear far removed from data structures and algorithms to say the least. In our ongoing work of integrating sustainability in our Media Technology programme, we have addressed this gap by introducing systems thinking games and activities to broaden the scope, as well as by situating the issues addressed in the course in relation to their future profession. In this paper, we present our experiences of introducing and playing systems thinking games, how the systems thinking exercise sessions were conducted, outcomes of the sessions and finally some lessons learnt. Furthermore, we present and analyse changes we did to the exercises and that led to a richer material for discussions in the classroom.
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| 46. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
The secret life of a persona : when the personal becomes private
- 2013
-
Ingår i: CHI '13 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450318990 ; , s. 2677-2686
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some organizations fail to involve users in systems development due to a widespread organization, high workload or secrecy issues. A remedy against this situation could be the persona method in which users and main stakeholders as represented as fictitious characters. Personas help eliciting user needs and requirements, facilitate design choices and are an overall communication aid where users cannot be present. An important part of the persona method, as portrayed in literature, is the personal details that make the personas trustworthy and alive. In this paper we present two cases in which personas have been developed and used, but where the personal is scarce or even non-existent because of a dispersed organisation, the organisational culture and secrecy issues. The paper describes how the personas were developed, used and received and how the method was altered in order to work in these special circumstances.
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| 47. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
UCD Guerrilla Tactics : A Strategy for Implementation of UCD in the Swedish Defence
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Human Work Interaction Design – HWID2012. ; , s. 116-126
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of how to implement user-centred design (UCD) is well established as a research topic within HCI. Yet there are unresolved issues in order for UCD to actually be used in practice. This paper will present a case study within the Swedish Defence, concerning the introduction of UCD. The overarching goal of the research was to bridge the gap between work practices and systems development; focusing the efforts on introducing usability in the procurement process. We concluded early on that we needed to develop and formulate an approach that is probably common in practice but not described or used in research. We call this strategy UCD guerrilla tactics. It is to do the unexpected, to introduce UCD through UCD and to choose change projects pragmatically. Our main target group was future users and procurers of UCD methods. We aimed at introducing UCD to them by demonstrating and involving them in the work through user centred activities. It is also a flexible approach based on continuous evaluation of what is feasible and potentially gives the largest outcome. This paper describes the guerrilla tactics, how it was applied in a case study and factors that should be considered when using it.
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| 48. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
UCD Guerrilla Tactics : A Strategy for Implementation of UCD in Sweden’s Military Defense Organizations
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Human Work Interaction Design. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642411441 - 9783642411458 ; , s. 112-123
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of how to implement user-centred design (UCD) is well established as a research topic within HCI. Yet there are unresolved issues in order for UCD to actually be used in practice. This paper will present a case study within Sweden ́s military defense organizations, concerning the introduc- tion of UCD. The overarching goal of the research was to bridge the gap be- tween work practices and systems development; focusing the efforts on intro- ducing usability work in the procurement process. We concluded early on that we needed to develop and formulate an approach that is probably common in practice but not described or used in research. We call this strategy UCD guer- rilla tactics, which entails to do the unexpected, to work pragmatically with change, and to use user centred methods to introduce UCD. Our main target group was future users and procurers of UCD methods. We aimed at demon- strating and involving them in the work through user centred activities. The tac- tics is also a reflexive and flexible approach based on continuous evaluation of what is feasible and potentially gives the largest outcome. This paper describes the guerrilla tactics, how it was applied in a case study and factors that should be considered when using it.
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| 49. |
- Felix, Janine F, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies three new susceptibility loci for childhood body mass index.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:2, s. 389-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of genetic loci are associated with adult body mass index. However, the genetics of childhood body mass index are largely unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of childhood body mass index, using sex- and age-adjusted standard deviation scores. We included 35 668 children from 20 studies in the discovery phase and 11 873 children from 13 studies in the replication phase. In total, 15 loci reached genome-wide significance (P-value < 5 × 10(-8)) in the joint discovery and replication analysis, of which 12 are previously identified loci in or close to ADCY3, GNPDA2, TMEM18, SEC16B, FAIM2, FTO, TFAP2B, TNNI3K, MC4R, GPR61, LMX1B and OLFM4 associated with adult body mass index or childhood obesity. We identified three novel loci: rs13253111 near ELP3, rs8092503 near RAB27B and rs13387838 near ADAM23. Per additional risk allele, body mass index increased 0.04 Standard Deviation Score (SDS) [Standard Error (SE) 0.007], 0.05 SDS (SE 0.008) and 0.14 SDS (SE 0.025), for rs13253111, rs8092503 and rs13387838, respectively. A genetic risk score combining all 15 SNPs showed that each additional average risk allele was associated with a 0.073 SDS (SE 0.011, P-value = 3.12 × 10(-10)) increase in childhood body mass index in a population of 1955 children. This risk score explained 2% of the variance in childhood body mass index. This study highlights the shared genetic background between childhood and adult body mass index and adds three novel loci. These loci likely represent age-related differences in strength of the associations with body mass index.
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| 50. |
- Ferreira, Diogo R., et al.
(författare)
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Robust regression with CUDA and its application to plasma reflectometry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 86:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many applications, especially those involving scientific instrumentation data with a large experimental error, it is often necessary to carry out linear regression in the presence of severe outliers which may adversely affect the results. Robust regression methods do exist, but they are much more computationally intensive, making it difficult to apply them in real-time scenarios. In this work, we resort to graphics processing unit (GPU)-based computing to carry out robust regression in a time-sensitive application. We illustrate the results and the performance gains obtained by parallelizing one of the most common robust regression methods, namely, least median of squares. Although the method has a complexity of O(n(3) log n), with GPU computing, it is possible to accelerate it to the point that it becomes usable within the required time frame. In our experiments, the input data come from a plasma diagnostic system installed at Joint European Torus, the largest fusion experiment in Europe, but the approach can be easily transferred to other applications.
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