| 1. |
- Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Structural study and proton conductivity in Yb-doped BaZrO3
- 2007
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In: Solid State Ionics. - 0167-2738. ; 178:(7-10), s. 515-520
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditional solid state sintering has been used to prepare the perovskite BaZr0.9Yb0.1O3-delta. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data shows that an increase of the unit cell parameter, a, was observed compared to undoped BaZrO3. Rietveld analysis of room temperature neutron powder diffraction data confirmed cubic symmetry (space group Pm-3m). Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that the hydration process occurs below 200 degrees C. The strong O-H stretch band, 2500-3500 cm(-1), in the infrared absorbance spectrum clearly manifests the presence of protons in the hydrated material. Proton conductivity was investigated on hydrated and as-prepared samples under dry and wet atmospheres, respectively. Keywords: X-ray diffraction; neutron diffraction; Rietveld refinement; proton conductor; perovskite
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| 2. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry
- 2023
-
In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
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| 3. |
- Mustafa, Mudassir Imran, 1978-
(author)
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Sustaining the Usefulness of eHealth Research Software : Lessons Learned in Action Design Research
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research software is vital to advancement in the sciences, engineering, humanities, and all other fields. Scientific research is dependent on the quality of and accessibility to research software. Research software is often developed hastily to solve one-off problems, leading to flimsy code that is not sustainable or usable beyond the lifetime of a given research project and is difficult for researchers, outside of the original context, to use, reuse or extend. It is critical to address the many challenges related to the development, deployment, and maintenance of research software. Therefore, there is a growing concern in the scientific community regarding designing sustainable research software. The academic research context refers to the environment or community concerned with scientific research, sponsored by research grants and public funding. Despite the increasing dependence on research software, software development practices in academia lag far behind those in the commercial sector.Health care relies on a very complex information technology architecture with many different IT components and also has a highly complex governance structure alongside the very rapid technology development. Additionally, there are ever-increasing demands and needs from health care users for more flexibility, more functionality and making the care transparent and patient-centred. Taken together, this poses significant challenges for eHealth and Information Systems researchers, as each artefact, depending on the context, has different quality characteristics to operationalise the requirements under consideration.The research objective is to explore what Information Systems researchers and practitioners need to be aware of for sustaining the usefulness of eHealth research software, in the academic research context. This longitudinal action design research (ADR) project, with its three cases, was conducted in an eHealth research project over a period of six years. Contributions from this research include the identification of quality characteristics and their enactment in the actual organisational settings, as well as empirically grounded design principles and a typology for sustaining the usefulness of eHealth research software, based on a formalisation of learning in the three ADR cases. This dissertation also contributes to the method space with the introduction of the augmented action design research (AADR) method, an extension of ADR, on how to conduct multiple ADR projects that build towards an overarching knowledge aim.Practice contributions are the design and development of internet-based eHealth research software to offer patients psychological treatment and support for issues resulting from physical illnesses, while also providing a chance for researchers to study the effectiveness of the aid provided. The dissertation also contributed in a broader sense to the research software development practice, as the findings extend to research areas in which research software is needed to read and interpret research data, and where software must continue to function so that it allows continued access and use of research data.
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| 4. |
- Rubino, Stefano, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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In-situ contacting of nanosheets and remote EMCD
- 2009
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In: 2nd International Workshop on Remote Electron Microscopy and In Situ Studies, Gothenburg, Sweden 16-18 November 2009.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Janicke, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Efter ett sekel
- 2021. - 1
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In: Socionomutbildningen - då, nu och i framtiden. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144153070 ; , s. 313-340
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 6. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Lung function trajectories and associated mortality among adults with and without airway obstruction
- 2023
-
In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:10, s. 1063-1074
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: Spirometry is essential for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in COPD.Objectives: To identify FEV1 trajectories and their determinants, based on annual spirometry measurements among individuals with and without airway obstruction. Furthermore, to assess mortality in relation to trajectories.Methods: In 2002-04, individuals with airway obstruction (AO) (FEV1/VC<0.70, n=993) and age- and sex-matched non-obstructive (NO) referents were recruited from population-based cohorts. Annual spirometries until 2014 were utilized in joint-survival Latent Class Mixed Models to identify lung function trajectories. Mortality data were collected during 15 years of follow-up.Results: Three trajectories were identified among the AO-cases and two among the NO referents. Trajectory membership was driven by baseline FEV1%predicted (%pred) in both groups and additionaly, pack-years in AO and current smoking in NO. Longitudinal FEV1%pred level depended on baseline FEV1%pred, pack-years and obesity. The trajectories were distributed: 79.6% T1AO FEV1-high with normal decline, 12.8% T2AO FEV1-high with rapid decline, and 7.7% T3AO FEV1-low with normal decline (mean 27, 72 and 26 mL/year) among AO-individuals, and 96.7% T1NO FEV1-high with normal decline and 3.3% T2NO FEV1-high with rapid decline (mean 34 and 173 mL/year) among referents. Hazard for death was increased for T2AO (HR1.56) and T3AO (HR3.45) vs. T1AO, and for T2NO (HR2.99) vs. T1NO.Conclusions: Three different FEV1 trajectories were identified among those with airway obstruction and two among the referents, with different outcomes in terms of FEV1-decline and mortality. The FEV1 trajectories among airway obstructive and the relationship between low FVC and trajectory outcome are of particular clinical interest.
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| 7. |
- Danielsson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Association between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuronal injury or amyloidosis and cognitive decline after major surgery.
- 2021
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In: British journal of anaesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-6771 .- 0007-0912. ; 126:2, s. 467-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Postoperative neurocognitive decline is a frequent complication in adult patients undergoing major surgery with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms behind cognitive decline after anaesthesia and surgery are not known. We studied the association between CSF and blood biomarkers of neuronal injury or brain amyloidosis and long-term changes in neurocognitive function.In patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery (knee or hip replacement), blood and CSF samples were obtained before surgery and then at 4, 8, 24, 32, and 48 h after skin incision through an indwelling spinal catheter. CSF and blood concentrations of total tau (T-tau), neurofilament light, neurone-specific enolase and amyloid β (Aβ1-42) were measured. Neurocognitive function was assessed using the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (ISPOCD) test battery 1-2 weeks before surgery, at discharge from the hospital (2-5 days after surgery), and at 3 months after surgery.CSF and blood concentrations of T-tau, neurone-specific enolase, and Aβ1-42 increased after surgery. A similar increase in serum neurofilament light was seen with no overall changes in CSF concentrations. There were no differences between patients having a poor or good late postoperative neurocognitive outcome with respect to these biomarkers of neuronal injury and Aβ1-42.The findings of the present explorative study showed that major orthopaedic surgery causes a release of CSF markers of neural injury and brain amyloidosis, suggesting neuronal damage or stress. We were unable to detect an association between the magnitude of biomarker changes and long-term postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Education and Career Choices : How the School Can Support Young People to Develop Knowledge and Decision-making Skills
- 2018
-
In: Universal Journal of Educational Research. - Alhambra, CA : Horizon Research Publishing. - 2332-3205 .- 2332-3213. ; 6:9, s. 1900-1908
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contemporary society is characterized by rapid changes in the labor market, increased flow of information, and more opportunities to make choices in relation to education and career. Previous research has demonstrated how many young people in school don't think they get the support they need to make such choices. The overall aim of this article is to contribute to more in-depth knowledge of what kind of support and knowledge young adults describe as important in order to be able to make informed choices. This knowledge might help school to better support young people in acquiring the knowledge, skills, and attitudes in relation to their education and career choices. The article is based on interviews with 25-year-old men and women. 23 interviews were conducted. In sum, the analysis indicates that guidance activities that aims to contribute to knowledge about the labor market, programs and courses and requirements for different education programs would probably be perceived as more fruitful by the young adults if they are organized in a combination of different levels, i.e. both as group activities (exhibitions, general information/discussion) and individual activities (personal information/discussion). Further, the authors demonstrate that roles and expectations between pupils, teachers and guidance counselors should be discussed and clarified.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Högskolor och institut – normsystems roll i samarbete
- 2009
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under de senaste åren har man från politiskt håll lyft frågan kring relationen mellan högskolor och institut och vad dessa båda aktörer har för roller. Man har pekat på ett behov av mer samverkan mellan högskolor och institut. Detta paper är en analys av två samverkansprojekt mellan högskolor och institut. Intervjuer samt en workshop har genomförts med aktörer från deltagare i projekten och dessa har analyserats utifrån Mertons (1973) och Zimans (1994, 2000) teorier om normsystem inom högskolor respektive institut. Skillnad i normsystem mellan högskolorna och instituten analyseras utifrån synen på kunskap och forskning bland deltagarna i projekten. Skillnaderna i normsystemen kan ses få konsekvenser för hur verksamheten inom högskolorna och institut organiseras. Dessa två utgångspunkter, skilda sätt att se på kunskap och forskning samt olika sätt att organisera sin verksamhet på, skapar i sin tur både möjligheter men även svårigheter att arbeta tillsammans.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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School social work practice with Newly Arrived Young Migrants - at the Interface Between Counseling and Therapy
- 2023
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Young migrants can be described as a vulnerable group with trauma and exposure to violence as a frequently occurring part of their life story and migration process. The need for professional counselling in this group is extensive. A profession that many young migrants meet is school counselors. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of school social work practice with newly arrived young migrants. The research question is how school counselors’ reason regarding their role and responsibility in relation to counselling young migrants.Method: The study is based on qualitative interviews with 15 school counselors who meet newly arrived young migrants daily. The interviews have been analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis.Findings: The delimitation of what counselling lies within the school counselor's responsibility, is not clear. The fact that school counselors experience that other parts of the welfare system are not available for young migrants force them to go beyond what they describe as a part of their professional responsibility and carry out therapeutic counselling. The school counselors use different tools and methods in their counselling and mix them based on their own area of interest, education, and experience.Conclusion: The accessibility that newly arrived young migrants have to the school counselor creates a role as the “only” professional available to support with counselling. This means that the school counselors need to go outside their professional domain. The school counselor’s discretion in relation to the type of counselling and how it is conducted appears to be unlimited.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Strategier för höjd utbildningsnivå : Slutrapport från en studie i Falkenbergs kommun
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med studien är att undersöka och förstå den bristande utbildningsbenägenheten i Falkenbergs kommun utifrån de ungas perspektiv. Studiens frågeställningar är:– Hur definierar unga ett ”framgångsrikt” liv och vilka vägar har de för att nå dit?– Vad har unga för attityd till högre utbildning?– Vilken betydelse har omgivningen (hem, skola, arbetsmarknad) för de ungas utbildnings- och framtidsval?För att fånga studiens syfte så allsidigt som möjlig valdes ett upplägg med fyra delstudier där ett flertal olika aktörer fick möjlighet komma till tals, så som unga, skolpersonal, arbetsförmedlare och företrädare för arbetslivet. Den första delstudien består av en enkätstudie bland unga i tre åldersgrupper; grundskoleelever i årskurs nio, gymnasieelever i avgångsklasserna på tredje året och 25-åringar. I den andra delstudien fördjupas resultaten från enkätstudierna bland unga genom intervjuer med ett flertal 25-åringar med anknytning till Falkenbergs kommun. Den tredje delstudien består av intervjuer med föräldrar tillsammans med sina barn samt med lärare och studie- och yrkesvägledare. Den fjärde delstudien består av en enkätstudie bland företrädare från det privata och kommunala näringslivet i Falkenbergs kommun samt intervjuer med arbetsförmedlare.Resultatet av studien visar att den dominerande synen på högre utbildning i Falkenberg är att det är ett medel för att få ett arbete, även om det också i viss utsträckning framkommer perspektiv på högre utbildning som något som leder till personlig utveckling och mer kunskap. Det senare perspektivet står främst de unga som studerar eller har studerat på högskola eller universitet för. Den sammantagna bilden som ges av de unga, lärare, studie- och yrkesvägledare, arbetsförmedlare och näringslivet, är att Falkenberg är en kommun där högre utbildning inte värderas så högt och att Falkenberg inte är en kommun där högre utbildning är särskilt betydelsefullt. Högre utbildning ses inte av unga i Falkenberg som så betydelsefullt för att skapa sig vad man själv anser vara ett bra och framgångsrikt liv. De unga värderar främst fritid, vänner och trygghet i form av till exempel arbete med stabil inkomst för ett gott liv. Detta förefaller vara möjligt att uppnå utan högre utbildning för dem som bor i Falkenberg. Särskilt gäller detta för männen, vilka prioriterar att bygga upp ett kontaktnät för att erhålla ett arbete i Falkenberg. Denna strategi är gångbar då den del av näringslivet som inte värderar högre utbildning bland sin personal tenderar att rekrytera män i sitt eget kontaktnät. Kvinnor däremot ser i högre utsträckning vikten av att vidareutbilda sig, men har då svårt att se möjlighet till karriär i Falkenberg.Studien visar, liksom tidigare forskning, att socioekonomiska faktorer och kön påverkar motivation och benägenheten att studera vidare på högskola eller universitet. De unga som har föräldrar som har högre utbildning är mer benägna att själva studera på högskola eller universitet och flickor/kvinnor studerar i högre utsträckning på högskola eller universitet än pojkar/män. Utöver dessa faktorer har anknytning till Falkenberg en betydelse för de ungas motivation och utbildningsval. Har man minst en förälder som är född utanför Falkenberg ökar motivationen att studera vidare. De som är motiverade till högre studier vill i stor utsträckning flytta från Falkenberg och de (25-åringar) som har flyttat från Falkenberg har högre utbildningsnivå än de som bor i Falkenberg.Studien visar att unga som är engagerade i sina studier i grund- och gymnasieskolan ofta också uppger att de är motiverade till högre studier. De sammantagna resultaten synliggör att stödet från vuxna, speciellt föräldrar och lärare, i de ungas studier har avgörande betydelse för deras engagemang i studierna. Föräldrar med högre utbildning stöttar oftare sina barn i deras skolarbete än föräldrar utan sådan utbildning. Om föräldrarna inte har tillräckliga kunskaper för att stötta sina barn blir stödet från vuxna i skolan avgörande för deras studiemotivation. Resultaten visar att flickor inte är lika beroende av stödet i hemmet eftersom de i högre utsträckning än pojkarna svarar att de får stöd av lärare. Det framgår att lärarna känner till att flickorna få mer stöd men upplever en avsaknad av strategier för stötta pojkar att bli mer engagerade i sina studier.Studien visar att en övervägande majoritet av grundskole- och gymnasieeleverna är osäkra på sitt val av framtida utbildning och yrke. Valet att studera på högskola eller universitet görs många gånger redan vid valet av gymnasieprogram, även om det i vissa fall har gjorts senare. Många unga uttrycker en påtaglig avsaknad av stöd från omgivningen, i synnerhet från vuxna i skolan, när det gäller val av yrke och utbildning. Lärarna och studie- och yrkesvägledarna beskriver hur de bör vara aktiva i förhållande till att få eleverna att tänka på framtiden samtidigt som de anser att de ska vara passiva i förhållande till att påverka och styra eleverna, exempelvis till att gå vidare till högre studier. Lärarna uppger att frågor som rör framtidsval berörs utanför ordinarie undervisning eftersom de inte anser att de har stöd i det styrande regelverket för att ta upp frågan om framtiden (inkluderat högre studier) inom ramen för undervisningen. De beskriver att det saknas strategier kring att belysa frågor som rör arbetsliv och högre studier. Samtidigt framhåller studie- och yrkesvägledarna att de saknar strategier för att möta dagens unga som de beskriver som okunniga om arbetsliv och utbildning och därmed allt för omogna för att göra några framtidsval. Sammanfattningsvis åläggs de unga ett stort eget ansvar för sina utbildnings- och framtidsval parallellt med att vuxenvärlden saknar strategier för att öka unga kunskaper om deras framtida möjligheter och abdikerar på grund av sin rädsla för att påverka.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Teachers' guiding role - On the tension between reflexivity and reproduction
- 2022
-
In: International Journal of Educational Research Open. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 2666-3740. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, study and career guidance is the responsibility of the whole school, which also includes teachers. However, research concerning the role of teachers in study and career guidance is limited if one compares it with the existing research on the role and work of study and career counselors. The overall aim of this article is to provide a deeper understanding of how teachers in a Swedish municipality view their role in guiding students in their future study and career choices. The results show that teachers believe that they must be neutral, objective, and not influence students in their life choices even though they are at the same time aware that not all students have (equal) opportunities to be reflexive and to make choices that are independent of class affiliation. This indicates that teachers have limited possibilities to support their students and to equalize class reproduction in society. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Technology and trust : Social and technical innovation in elderly care
- 2013
-
In: Abstracts EGI2013. ; , s. 17-18
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A demographic change is occurring in many areas of the world. The elderly population share has been increasing for the last decades and estimations predict that this group will be large in proportion to the number of economically active younger people. This change will bring exponentially increasing costs of health care. Technical developments could be one way to meet these new challenges. In a recent study called “Safe at night” the aim was to investigate whether a technical solution based can be used to supplement the home care work, with focus on the nightly visits of the elderly. The study raises questions regarding technical issues as well as actors (users, relatives and staffs) perspective on the methods. Researchers from both social and technical disciplines were involved in the study. In this paper, we highlight the importance of scientists from different disciplines participating in the study, as well as municipalities and industry. We show in particular the knowledge gained from a technical perspective and from a social science perspective and how and why these perspectives together constitute the necessary components to create innovation regarding elderly care and issues related to technology and trust.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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The Initiation and Organization of Regional Innovation Processes
- 2010. - 1
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In: Learning Regional Innovation. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781349324910 - 9780230304154 ; , s. 150-169
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The comparison of the different innovation and development attempts in the Nordic countries through benchmarking was the purpose of the project on which this contribution focuses. The aim of the project was, first, to study and analyse different ways of organizing and managing regional development and innovation processes and, second, to compare the results in order for the collaborative actors to reflect and learn from each others’ approaches and experiences. © Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Young people, higher education and choice : The lack of support from guidance counsellors and teachers
- 2014
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a changing and complex world, young people are expected to make decisions and choices regarding their education and future. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how guidance counsellors and teachers view their role in supporting students in these choices, and how young people regard the support they receive and have received during their years in school. The empirical data used in this paper is part of a larger study conducted in a municipality in Sweden. Interviews with teachers, guidance counsellors and young adults who live in or grew up in the municipality are presented and analysed in the paper. The empirical data also consists of surveys with students in their ninth year as well as students in their last year at school. The analysis is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of field, capital and habitus. The analysis shows that there are differences in how the professionals and the young people view the support regarding education and the future. Young people feel that they have received little support from the school and want more guidance/help from teachers and guidance counsellors regarding their educational choices and their future. From the professionals’ side, there is an explicit fear of influencing the young and therefore they take a more passive approach. How to understand this fear and its consequences from a gender and class perspective is discussed in the conclusion of the paper.
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| 20. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Grazing and geographic range of the Baltic seaweed Fucus radicans (Phaeophyceae)
- 2012
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In: Marine Biology Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-1000 .- 1745-1019. ; 8:4, s. 322-330
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The range of the recently described seaweed Fucus radicans is limited to the Bothnian Sea and the northern Baltic Sea while the range of the sympatric Fucus vesiculosus extends outside the Baltic Sea. Here we present results from a survey of the distribution and relative abundance of F. radicans and F. vesiculosus and abundance of associated herbivores along the range of F. radicans in Sweden. Both Fucus species were equally common. Herbivores were found in significantly higher numbers on F. radicans. The range of the herbivore Idotea balthica overlaps the southern range of F. radicans and is known to decrease the abundance of fucoids through grazing. We therefore hypothesized that if I. balthica has a preference for F. radicans it could affect the range of F. radicans. To test the preference of I. balthica we performed a bioassay where it had a choice between F. radicans and F. vesiculosus. Another bioassay was performed with the most common herbivore in our survey, Gammarus spp. Both herbivores consumed significantly more F. radicans than F. vesiculosus. Our results indicate that grazing may be an important factor in limiting the southern range of F. radicans along the Swedish coast.
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| 21. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1978-
(author)
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Grazing and the geographical range of seaweeds : The introduced Fucus evanescens and the newly described Fucus radicans
- 2009
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Along the coast of temperate oceans brown algae of the genus Fucus form dense stands on rocky shores and are keystone species of the coastal ecosystem. These large seaweeds are perennial and function as substrate for many sessile marine organisms, provide shelter for fauna and juvenile fish, and are food source. A number of abiotic (e.g. wave-exposure, salinity and substrate) and biotic (e.g. herbivory and competition) factors structures these communities and determines the abundance and composition of fucoids at each specific site. Earlier studies have shown that herbivores may reduce growth of fucoids, thus affecting their distribution, and at high densities eliminate the species from previously occupied sites. In my thesis I focused on investigating herbivore-seaweed interactions and whether such interactions could influence the geographical range limits of Fucus species. A set of laboratory bioassays and a field survey were conducted (1) to investigate the resistance to grazing by a generalist gastropod between introduced (to Sweden) and native (Iceland) Fucus evanescens (Paper I), (2) to study the distribution pattern of F. radicans and F. vesiculosus along the Swedish coast and specifically the southern limit of F. radicans, (3) to examine the abundance of herbivores in these two species, and (4) to test the hypothesis that Idotea baltica may contribute to restrict F. radicans to the Bothnian Sea (objective 2-4; Paper II). Fucus evanescens, a species that was introduced to the Swedish coast about 100 years ago, was found to be more resistant to grazing by L. littorea compared to F. evanescens from the native Icelandic populations. It was also shown to contain a higher amount of phlorotannins; a putative chemical defence to herbivory. This indicates that development of resistance to herbivory could be important for a successful introduction and survival in a new range. No gradual change in the proportion, measured as % cover of either F. radicans or F. vesiculosus was found inside the range of F. radicans and its southernmost limit was abrupt without any corresponding abrupt change in any abiotic factor, e.g. salinity. Herbivores, i.e. Idotea spp., Gammarus spp. and Theodoxus fluviatils were found to be more abundant in F. radicans than in F. vesiculosus thalli indicating a habitat preference for F. radicans. Further, Idotea baltica, whose range only overlaps with that of F. radicans in the south, was shown to prefer F. radicans over F. vesiculosus, possibly due to its lower content of phlorotannins. Based on these findings I propose that Idotea species may contribute in restricting the southern range of F. radicans, although further experiments, especially regarding competition with the larger F. vesiculosus need to be performed. In conclusion, biotic interactions e.g. the ability of to resist herbivore grazing by e.g. high phlorotannin content or having a structure less attractive as habitat to herbivores may be of importance in determining the geographic range of fucoids.
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| 22. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1978-
(author)
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Herbivory, phenotypic variation, and reproductive barriers in fucoids
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Along the shores of the Northern hemisphere Fucus (Phaeophyceae) species are a prominent presence, providing substrate, shelter, and food for many species. Fucus evanescens, a non-indigenous species (NIS) in Sweden, and F. radicans, a recently described species that so far has only been found inside the species poor Baltic Sea, are the focus of this thesis.Interactions with enemies (e.g. predators, herbivores, parasites) have been shown to play a role in the success of NIS. The low consumption of Fucus evanescens by the generalist gastropod Littorina littorea in Sweden was found to depend on high levels of chemical defense in the introduced population, not the failure of the herbivore to recognize F. evanescens as suitable food.A survey of the relative abundance of F. radicans and F. vesiculosus and the most common associated fauna along the Swedish Bothnian Sea coast showed that F. radicans and F. vesiculosus are equally abundant throughout the range of F. radicans. The most common associated fauna were found to be more abundant on F. radicans compared to F. vesiculosus. In Sweden, where F. radicans had lower levels of defense chemicals than F. vesiculosus, F. radicans was grazed more than F. vesiculosus in bioassays. This could, together with other factors, influence the range of F. radicans.Fucus radicans and F. vesiculosus are closely related, recently separated, and growing sympatrically, therefore, possible reproductive barriers between F. radicans and F. vesiculosus were studied. In Estonia F. radicans and F. vesiculosus reproduces at different times of the year. No such clear reproductive barrier was found between the two species in Sweden where they reproduce at the same time and fertilization success and germling survival were the same for hybrids as for F. vesiculosus.Since the high clonality of F. radicans means that the gentic diversity in F. radicans populations is low I investigated how genetic diversity translates to phenotypic diversity in nine traits. Phlorotannin levels, recovery after desiccation, and recovery after freezing showed inherited variation, while the other six traits showed no variation related to genetic diversity. Phenotypic variation in populations of F. radicans will be higher in populations with higher genetic diversity and this might be beneficial to the community.
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| 23. |
- Högdin, Sara, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Strategier för höjd utbildningsnivå : En studie bland unga i Åstorps kommun
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Flera tidigare studier visar att utbildningstraditionen i samhället har förändrats. Idag utbildar sig fler på gymnasiet och fler läser vidare på högre utbildningar vilket innebär att utbildningsnivån i vårt samhälle ökat. Utbildningssystemet beskrivs ofta som ett “självreproducerande system”, där benägenhet att välja en viss utbildning i hög grad är beroende av utbildningstradition, framför allt i familjen, men också i samhället runt individen. I Åstorps kommun har en låg utbildningstradition uppmärksammats. Det är inte ovanligt med avhopp från gymnasiet och ett flertal gymnasieelever slutför inte sin gymnasieutbildning inom de avsedda tre åren. När det gäller högre studier vid högskola eller universitet ligger utbildningsnivån i Åstorps kommun lägre än riksgenomsnittet. Med anledning av detta beslutade Åstorps kommun att följa upp gymnasieeleverna genom en studie. Studiens syfte är att tillvara erfarenheter av utbildning bland ungdomar i Åstorps kommun samt öka kunskapen om hur ungdomarna ser på framtida utbildnings- och karriärmöjligheter. Resultaten i studien visar att många ungdomar efterfrågar mer stöd från vuxna i skolan när det kommer till val av utbildning och framtida yrke.
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| 24. |
- Högdin, Sara, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Strategies to strengthen outlook of life among young people : A case study in a Swedish municipality
- 2016
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In: SWSD 2016.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a continuous increase in mental health problems, such as stress symptoms, among young people in the Nordic countries. One source of stress concerns young people’s outlook of life in general, and more specific the choice of education and future carrier. Previous studies show that high education has positive impact on a person’s health, but also on regional development. The research project is based on a case study in a Swedish municipality with low educational level. The aim of the study is to explore and understand the low education among the citizens. The study starts in young person’s perspective on their future. Further, how adults in home, school and the neighborhood, influence the young person’s educational and carrier choices. The analyses of the results are based on theories on gender and cultural/social capital. The empirical material consists of surveys and interview studies with young people, teachers and guidance counsellors. The results show that young people often feel unsure of their future chooses and often ask for more support from adults regarding their future education. Several students find it stressful to manage their career choices, particularly if their parents do not have sufficient knowledge to support them in such matters. Teachers and guidance counselors describe a lack of strategies to support and addressing issues of education and future work, but also how they should be passive in relation to influencing the students. In conclusion, the results show the importance, when it comes to social work and social development practices on preventing mental health problems among young people, to develop strategies for working with young person’s educational and carrier choices. In this project some strategies have been identified, on local political and school level, to strengthen outlook of life among young people.
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| 25. |
- Högdin, Sara, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Young people in honour-based contexts : negotiations and reasoning on the obligation to report concern among school staff in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Nordic Social Work Research. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, school staff are legally responsible to report concern for a child’s welfare to social services. This obligation can be regarded as a cornerstone of social protection for children exposed to various forms of domestic violence, including honour-based violence (HBV). However, research indicates a tendency to underreport suspicion of child neglect by occupational groups in countries that apply mandatory reporting laws. This article examines the questions: How do school staff reason on their legal responsibilities in relation to reporting children and young people with a migrant background who are exposed to, or suspected victims of, HBV? What specific dilemmas can be identified in such situations? The study is based on qualitative interviews with school staff, particularly school counsellors, and a qualitative thematic analysis has been conducted. The results indicate that HBV is a complex field for professionals to handle and often becomes a subject of negotiation in relation to mandatory reporting. School staff commonly express a lack of trust in the social services’ knowledge or possibility to support children or young people in honour-based contexts. The respondents also reason around the notion that a report might lead to a worsened situation for the young person and increased control from the family. This all together shows an uncertainty or an internal moral conflict on the reporting obligation among school staff. © 2023 The Author(s).
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| 26. |
- Högdin, Sara, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Young people's educational and career choices : A case study among young people, guidance counsellors and teachers in a Swedish municipality
- 2016
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In: NERA2016. ; , s. 89-89
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a changing and complex world, young people are expected to make decisions and choices regarding their education and future careers. At the same time, there is a continuous increase in mental health problems, such as stress symptoms, among young people in the Nordic countries. One source of stress concerns young people’s outlook on life in general, and more specifically their choice of education and career. This paper is based on a research project in a Swedish municipality with a low level of education. The overall aim of the project was to explore and understand the low education among the citizens in the municipality. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how career counsellors and teachers view their role in supporting students when it comes to these choices, and how young people view the support they receive and have received during their years at compulsory and upper secondary school. The empirical material consists of surveys and interview studies with young people, teachers and career counsellors. The analyses of the results are based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of field, capital and habitus with a gender perspective from Beverley Skeggs’ theory on gender and capital. The study takes young people’s perspectives of their education and careers as its starting point. It also examines the support they have received from career counsellors and teachers at compulsory and upper secondary school and also from their parents and other significant persons in their home environment. The analyses show that there are differences in how professionals and young people view study and career guidance. Young people often express a feeling of uncertainty when it comes to their future choices and request more guidance from adults regarding possible opportunities. Several students find it stressful to manage their career choices, particularly if their parents do not have sufficient knowledge to support them in such matters. Girls express a feeling of stress in relation to educational choices more often than boys. Teachers and career counsellors describe a lack of strategies when it comes to vocational guidance and how to address issues of education and future work within the current curriculum. They also express a fear of influencing young people and therefore take a more passive approach in these matters. In conclusion, the results show that there is a gap between young people’s requests for guidance from adults at school and teachers’ and career counsellors’ view of their role in these matters. The results highlights the importance of developing strategies for working with educational and career choices at compulsory school as one way of preventing mental health problems among young people.
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| 27. |
- Isaksson, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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The consequences of individualization for boys in the Swedish school system
- 2016
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this presentation/working paper is to contribute to the knowledge about why young men generally are less likely to study at the university than young women. Previous studies and reports have pointed out a number of explanations for that. Young men’s reluctance to go on to higher education, as well as boys’ relatively low grades in primary and secondary schools, has been explained with reference to gender theoretical arguments about constraining constructions of masculinity. Several gender-oriented studies show that it is not considered compatible with certain types of masculinity constructions to make an e ort in school and show an interest in further studies. A term used to explain the boys’ poor performance in school and lack of interest in higher studies is antiplugg kultur (cf. eg Nordberg 2008 SOU 2009: 64). is presentation/working paper aims to challenge these explanations and expand the understanding of why young men tend to not to see higher education as an option. e empirical data consists of extensive quanti- tative and qualitative studies in a western Swedish municipality during 2011-2014. e point of departure is primarily in the young men’s own stories about teaching in primary and secondary school and their perceptions of their interactions with teachers, study and career counsellors and others. e interplay between and consequences of contemporary constructions of masculinity (Connell, 1995-2003), and the individualisation of society (Giddens 1991; Beck 1992), which is reflected in the teachers and study and career counsellors practitioners, are the main theoretical elements to interpret the empirical material.
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| 28. |
- Karakatsanis, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Effect of preoperative injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles on rates of sentinel lymph node dissection in women undergoing surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (SentiNot study)
- 2019
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In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 106:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: One-fifth of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have invasive breast cancer (IBC) on definitive histology. Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is performed in almost half of women having surgery for DCIS in Sweden. The aim of the present study was to try to minimize unnecessary SLND by injecting superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles at the time of primary breast surgery, enabling SLND to be performed later, if IBC is found in the primary specimen. Methods: Women with DCIS at high risk for the presence of invasion undergoing breast conservation, and patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy were included. The primary outcome was whether this technique could reduce SLND. Secondary outcomes were number of SLNDs avoided, detection rate and procedure-related costs. Results: This was a preplanned interim analysis of 189 procedures. IBC was found in 47 and a secondary SLND was performed in 41 women. Thus, 78.3 per cent of patients avoided SLND (P<0.001). At reoperation, SPIO plus blue dye outperformed isotope and blue dye in detection of the sentinel node (40 of 40 versus 26 of 40 women; P<0.001). Costs were reduced by a mean of 24.5 per cent in women without IBC (3990 versus 5286; P<0.001). Conclusion: Marking the sentinel node with SPIO in women having surgery for DCIS was effective at avoiding unnecessary SLND in this study. Registration number: ISRCTN18430240 (http://www.isrctn.com).
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lundström, Sofie, 1971-
(author)
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Hälsa, levnadsvanor och erfarenheter av förändring av levnadsvanor hos personer med psykossjukdom – hälsofrämjande aspekter inom psykiatrisk omvårdnad
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund: Personer med psykossjukdom har ofta sämre fysisk hälsa jämfört med befolkningen i övrigt, delvis relaterat till ohälsosamma levnadsvanor såsom låg fysisk aktivitet, ohälsosam kost, tobaksbruk och riskfull alkoholkonsumtion. Trots att hälsofrämjande insatser har framhållits som betydelsefullt för att minska ojämlikheten i hälsa har inte det hälsofrämjande arbetet fått en given plats inom psykiatrisk vård. Ökad kunskap behövs dels om vilka levnadsvanor som påverkar hälsan, dels om vilka aspekter som påverkar möjligheten till förändring av levnadsvanor för personer med psykossjukdom.Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att utforska hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor och upplevd hälsa, samt erfarenheter av förändring av levnadsvanor och främjande aspekter för förändring, hos personer med psykossjukdom.Metod: Avhandlingen består av fyra delstudier. Delstudie I var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med syftet att kartlägga hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor och upplevd hälsa hos personer med psykossjukdom samt att undersöka könsskillnader och skillnader utifrån känsla av sammanhang (SOC). Data samlades in från personer med psykossjukdom som deltog i en hälsofrämjande levnadvaneintervention (n = 65). Beskrivande och jämförande analyser genomfördes på data, insamlad före interventionens start för att kartlägga självskattad hälsa, livskvalitet, BMI och levnadsvanor. För delstudie II som hade en kvalitativ design genomfördes narrativa intervjuer med personer med psykossjukdom som deltagit i en hälsofrämjande levnadsvaneintervention (n = 10). Syftet var att belysa innebörden av den levda erfarenheten av förändring av levnadsvanor hos personer med psykossjukdom. En fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod användes för att analysera intervjutexterna. Deltagare i delstudie III bestod av sjuksköterskor som arbetade på olika psykiatriska öppenvårdsmottagningar (n = 15). Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att beskriva deras erfarenheter av aspekter som främjar fysisk hälsa och stödjer hälsosamma levnadsvanor för personer med psykossjukdom. Intervjutexterna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Delstudie IV var en kvantitativ uppföljningsstudie och bestod av insamlad data från personer med psykossjukdom som deltagit i en hälsofrämjande levnadsvaneintervention (n = 54). Data, som bestod av självskattningar, kliniska mått och blodprover, samlades in före interventionens start, efter 12 månader och efter 24 månader. Flernivåanalys användes som metod för att undersöka hälsorelaterade förändringar efter deltagande i en hälsofrämjande levnadsvaneintervention.Resultat: Resultatet i delstudie I visade att personer med psykossjukdom hade högre BMI, lägre självskattad hälsa och livskvalitet, var mer stillasittande och rökte mer jämfört med befolkningen i övrigt. Personer med stark SOC skattade sin livskvalitet bättre och rökte mindre jämfört med de med svag SOC. Kvinnor konsumerade mer frukt och grönsaker än män. I delstudie II beskrevs innebörden av levnadsvaneförändringar, av personer med psykossjukdom: som en kamp med inre och yttre begränsningar, att det var något som måste göras på egen hand men tillsammans med andra och att längtan efter ett liv i harmoni kan motivera till förändringar. I resultatet av delstudie III framhöll sjuksköterskor aspekter som kan främja hälsa och hälsosamma levnadsvanor för personer med psykossjukdom. Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter var: att ha ett hälsofrämjande fokus i varje möte, att stödja med varje persons förutsättningar i åtanke och att ta ansvar för hälsofrämjande insatser på varje nivå inom organisationen. Resultatet i delstudie IV visade en positiv förändring av fysisk aktivitet. Förändringen var associerad med antal tillfällen personen hade deltagit i hälsogrupp. Förändring av självskattad hälsa var positivt associerad med känslan av sammanhang. Således kan det antas att hälsofrämjande insatser som genomförs i grupp kan förbättra fysisk aktivitet, och att känslan av sammanhang bör stärkas för en bättre upplevd hälsa hos personer med psykossjukdom. Konklusion: Det finns såväl individuella aspekter som relationella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga aspekter som påverkar möjligheten till förändring av levnadsvanor. Inre styrka, en positiv självbild och positiva erfarenheter är individuella aspekter som tillsammans med relationella aspekter såsom stöd och att få ingå i en gemenskap, kan främja förändringar hos personer med psykossjukdom. På en organisatorisk och samhällelig nivå är samverkan, ansvarsfördelning samt kunskap och kompetens viktiga ingredienser för att främja det hälsofrämjande arbetet inom psykiatrisk vård. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet bör, tillsammans med insatser såsom utbildning och praktiskt stöd, fokusera på insatser som kan öka personens känsla av sammanhang och stärka resurser. Sjuksköterskan inom psykiatrisk vård har en nyckelposition för att utveckla den hälsofrämjande omvårdnaden, där fysisk och psykisk hälsa integreras, och där personens egen förmåga till förändring främjas. Ett salutogent och personcentrerat förhållningssätt, kan bidra till en hälsofrämjande omvårdnad, men för att kunna utveckla det hälsofrämjande arbetet inom psykiatrisk vård behöver individuella, relationella samt organisatoriska och samhälleliga aspekter beaktas. Således behöver det i samverkan tas ett gemensamt ansvar för hälsa och hälsosamma levnadsvanor, och organisatoriska strukturer behöver utvecklas för att möjliggöra en personcentrerad vård och för att utveckla de hälsofrämjande insatserna för personer med psykossjukdom.
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| 32. |
- Lundström, Sofie, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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The Meaning of the Lived Experience of Lifestyle Changes for People with Severe Mental Illness.
- 2017
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In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - Philadelphia, PA : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 38:9, s. 717-725
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to elucidate the meaning of the lived experience of lifestyle changes as perceived by people with severe mental illness (SMI). People with SMI who have experience in managing lifestyle changes were interviewed (n = 10). The interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. The findings reveal three themes: (1) struggling with inner and outer limitations, (2) on one's own but together with others and (3) longing for living a life in harmony. The meaning of lifestyle changes can be understood as a person's internal and external endeavors to make well-considered decisions about lifestyle changes. Support should focus on strengthening the person's self-efficacy and should be based on the person's experiences.
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| 33. |
- Söndergaard Hansen, Jesper, et al.
(author)
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Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation
- 2016
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In: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495. ; 65:12, s. 1731-1742
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated glycerol metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glycerol efflux from adipocytes is regulated by the aquaglyceroporin AQP7, which is translocated upon hormone stimulation. Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. Together, these findings are indicative of how glycerol release is controlled in adipocytes, and may pave the way for the future design of drugs against human metabolic pathologies.
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