| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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The human melanoma proteome atlas-Defining the molecular pathology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2001-1326. ; 11:7, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MM500 study is an initiative to map the protein levels in malignant melanoma tumor samples, focused on in-depth histopathology coupled to proteome characterization. The protein levels and localization were determined for a broad spectrum of diverse, surgically isolated melanoma tumors originating from multiple body locations. More than 15,500 proteoforms were identified by mass spectrometry, from which chromosomal and subcellular localization was annotated within both primary and metastatic melanoma. The data generated by global proteomic experiments covered 72% of the proteins identified in the recently reported high stringency blueprint of the human proteome. This study contributes to the NIH Cancer Moonshot initiative combining detailed histopathological presentation with the molecular characterization for 505 melanoma tumor samples, localized in 26 organs from 232 patients.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A, et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer and exposure to quartz and diesel exhaust in Swedish iron ore miners with concurrent exposure to radon
- 2010
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 67:8, s. 513-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Studies of underground miners have documented an increased risk of lung cancer mainly linked to radon exposure but possibly influenced by other concurrent exposures. METHODS: A cohort study was carried out in 8321 iron ore miners with low exposure to radon, employed in 1923-1998 and followed up for lung cancer in 1958-2000. Historical exposures to radon, crystalline silica and diesel exhaust were assessed. Data including exposure to radon, quartz and diesel exhaust from another mine with higher exposure to radon were reanalysed. RESULTS: Miners had increased risk for lung cancer (SIR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.78), based on 112 cases during 227,000 person-years). The increased risk could not be explained by exposure to radon or diesel exhaust but was associated with exposure to crystalline silica: SIR 0.96 (0.53 to 1.62), 1.45 (1.10 to 1.87), 1.99 (1.31 to 2.90) and 1.77 (0.92 to 3.10) in groups with exposure to 0, 0-2, 2-5 and >5 mg years/m3, respectively. Reanalysis of data from the other mine indicated that quartz was a possible confounder in the analysis of relationship between radon and lung cancer. In the highest radon exposed group, the point estimate for the RR decreased from 5.65 to 3.90 when adjusting for concurrent exposure to quartz. CONCLUSIONS: Crystalline silica, a known carcinogen, probably affects lung cancer risk in iron ore miners. The main implication of the results is for interpretation of the dose-response curve for radon and lung cancer in underground iron ore miners. Since exposure to radon and quartz is often correlated, quartz exposure can be an important confounder.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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Improved survival prognostication of node-positive malignant melanoma patients utilizing shotgun proteomics guided by histopathological characterization and genomic data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic melanoma is one of the most common deadly cancers, and robust biomarkers are still needed, e.g. to predict survival and treatment efficiency. Here, protein expression analysis of one hundred eleven melanoma lymph node metastases using high resolution mass spectrometry is coupled with in-depth histopathology analysis, clinical data and genomics profiles. This broad view of protein expression allowed to identify novel candidate protein markers that improved prediction of survival in melanoma patients. Some of the prognostic proteins have not been reported in the context of melanoma before, and few of them exhibit unexpected relationship to survival, which likely reflects the limitations of current knowledge on melanoma and shows the potential of proteomics in clinical cancer research.
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| 8. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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The hidden story of heterogeneous B-raf V600E mutation quantitative protein expression in metastatic melanoma—association with clinical outcome and tumor phenotypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In comparison to other human cancer types, malignant melanoma exhibits the greatest amount of heterogeneity. After DNA-based detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma patients, targeted inhibitor treatment is the current recommendation. This approach, however, does not take the abundance of the therapeutic target, i.e., the B-raf V600E protein, into consideration. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the protein expression profiles of metastatic melanomas clearly reveal the existence of inter-and intra-tumor variability. Nevertheless, the technique is only semi-quantitative. To quantitate the mutant protein there is a fundamental need for more precise techniques that are aimed at defining the currently non-existent link between the levels of the target protein and subsequent drug efficacy. Using cutting-edge mass spectrometry combined with DNA and mRNA sequencing, the mutated B-raf protein within metastatic tumors was quantitated for the first time. B-raf V600E protein analysis revealed a subjacent layer of heterogeneity for mutation-positive metastatic melanomas. These were characterized into two distinct groups with different tumor morphologies, protein profiles and patient clinical outcomes. This study provides evidence that a higher level of expression in the mutated protein is associated with a more aggressive tumor progression. Our study design, comprised of surgical isolation of tumors, histopathological characterization, tissue biobanking, and protein analysis, may enable the eventual delineation of patient responders/non-responders and subsequent therapy for malignant melanoma.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Claesson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-DSP implementation of a Broadband Adaptive Beamformer for use in a Hands-free Mobile Radio Telephone
- 1991
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - New York : Institute of electrical and electronics engineers. - 0018-9545. ; 40:1, s. 194-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An implementation of a broadband adaptive array on a multiprocessor digital signal processing (DSP) system for use in a hands-free mobile radio telephone is described. This implementation of a five-microphone adaptive Griffiths-Jim array can handle FIR filters with up to 128 taps behind each microphone at a sampling rate of 8 kHz. The filter structure makes it possible to combine an adaptive array with a noise canceler. The near-field problem has been solved by using focusing, a speech-controlled adaptive algorithm, and a short hourglass. Preliminary measurements indicate a considerable potential for this technique in hands-free mobile telephony. The array gives a 20-30-dB suppression of a broadband jammer covering 300-1100 Hz, even with three reflecting walls surrounding the microphone.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Claesson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Wiener Solution for the Broadband Griffiths-Jim Beamformers
- 1990
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of finding the Wiener filters for a wideband adaptive beamformer is treated. Explicit expressions are given for the filters and the error power spectrum in the frequency domain. The expressions are simple to program and make it possible to investigate superresolution for wideband signals and to determine sufficient lengths of finite-impulse-response filters in adaptive arrays.
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| 13. |
- de Mello, Vanessa D., et al.
(författare)
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Indolepropionic acid and novel lipid metabolites are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wide-scale profiling technologies including metabolomics broaden the possibility of novel discoveries related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By applying non-targeted metabolomics approach, we investigated here whether serum metabolite profile predicts T2D in a well-characterized study population with impaired glucose tolerance by examining two groups of individuals who took part in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS); those who either early developed T2D (n = 96) or did not convert to T2D within the 15-year follow-up (n = 104). Several novel metabolites were associated with lower likelihood of developing T2D, including indole and lipid related metabolites. Higher indolepropionic acid was associated with reduced likelihood of T2D in the DPS. Interestingly, in those who remained free of T2D, indolepropionic acid and various lipid species were associated with better insulin secretion and sensitivity, respectively. Furthermore, these metabolites were negatively correlated with low-grade inflammation. We replicated the association between indolepropionic acid and T2D risk in one Finnish and one Swedish population. We suggest that indolepropionic acid, a gut microbiota-produced metabolite, is a potential biomarker for the development of T2D that may mediate its protective effect by preservation of alpha-cell function. Novel lipid metabolites associated with T2D may exert their effects partly through enhancing insulin sensitivity.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Allison, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in emotion processing in early Parkinson's disease reflect disease progression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - : American Psychological Association. - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 36:3, s. 206-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which can substantially affect nonmotor functions related to emotional processing. We aimed to examine the underlying differences in emotional processing in PD by comparing how early-stage PD patients recognize, rate, and react to facial, bodily, and vocal emotional stimuli to that of healthy controls (HC).Method: We compared emotion recognition, emotional rating bias, and emotional response range between a PD patient group (n = 33) and a HC group (n = 29). Pearson’s correlations were conducted to evaluate the relationship between emotion processing measures and clinical outcome measures in each group.Results: PD patients showed an enhanced emotion processing as compared to HC. They were overall more accurate than HC’s at identifying correct emotions and furthermore showed an increase in emotional ratings and reactions to both positive and negative stimuli that scaled with increased symptom severity, thereby yielding significant correlations between clinical outcomes and emotional range in the PD patient group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that alterations in emotional processing reflect disease progression in early PD.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Low level of education is associated with later stage at diagnosis and reduced survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma : A nationwide population-based study in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 49:12, s. 2705-2716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A worse outcome has been reported for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patients with low socioeconomic status. We have investigated the association between level of education, clinical stage at diagnosis (stage at diagnosis) and CMM-specific survival in Sweden.METHODS:We identified 27,235 patients from the Swedish Melanoma Register diagnosed with a primary invasive CMM between 1990 and 2007 and linked data to nationwide, population-based, health and census registers with a follow-up to 2010.RESULTS:The odds ratio (OR) of higher disease stage at diagnosis was significantly increased in lower education groups (OR stage II versus I=1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.5-1.7. OR stage III-IV versus I=2.3; 95% CI=1.8-2.9). The risk of dying of CMM, was significantly increased in patients with low (hazard ratio (HR) low versus high=2.02; 95% CI=1.80-2.26; p<0.0001) and intermediate (HR intermediate versus high=1.35; 95% CI=1.20-1.51; p<0.0001) level of education. After adjustment for age, gender, stage at diagnosis and other known prognostic factors, the HRs remained significant for low versus high (HR=1.13; 95% CI=1.01-1.27; p=0.04) but not for intermediate versus high (HR=1.11; 95% CI=0.99-1.24; p=0.08) education. The HR associated with low level of education was significantly higher among female patients, patients <55years, patients with truncal tumours and during the first 5years after diagnosis.CONCLUSION:Lower level of education is associated with reduced CMM-specific survival, which may at least partially be attributed to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. These results emphasise the need for improved early detection strategies.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Marklära
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Johan
(författare)
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Neuroimaging Consciousness: What happens in the brain when we become aware of what we percieve?
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although consciousness has been studied since the beginning of the history of psychology, how the brain implements consciousness is seen as one of the last great mysteries. This thesis investigates neural correlates of consciousness by measuring brain activity while specific contents of consciousness are defined and maintained. Study 1 showed that distinct but similar brain regions are activated for the initial creation of a percept and for sustaining that percept over time. Specifically, frontal and parietal regions were activated during both temporal aspects of consciousness. Study 2 investigated the generality of this activation pattern for consciousness in different sensory modalities, and showed that frontal regions were commonly activated for visual and auditory awareness whereas posterior activity was modality specific. However, frontal andparietal regions were jointly activated for both modalities during sustained perception. These results indicate that frontal regions interact with posterior, sensory-specific regions to instantiate a conscious percept. The percept is then maintained by a more general network including frontal and parietal regions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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STATUS OF THE MAX IV LIGHT SOURCE PROJECT
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Particle Accelerator Conference 2006, Edinburgh, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Eriksson, Margaretha, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of birth weight on coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in a birth cohort followed up for 85 years : a population-based study of men born in 1913
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 256:6, s. 472-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To analyse whether there is a relationship between birth weight on the one hand and coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity on the other, whether such a relationship is influenced by potential modifying factors from the time of birth, adult height and the presence of diabetes, and what significance these possible associations might have for the CHD and CVD rates in the general population. Design. Population-based birth cohort. Setting. Sweden. Subjects. A total of 1319 singleton men born in 1913, surviving until age 20 and from then on followed until 85 years of age. Main outcome measures. CHD and CVD mortality and morbidity events. Results. The gestational age adjusted CHD and CVD mortality and morbidity hazard ratios were virtually unaffected by birth weight. Taking possible effect-modifying variables into account did not change the results. The population attributable risk percentage for CHD and CVD mortality and morbidity due to a birth weight ≤3000 g was 1% or less. Conclusions. Birth weight did not significantly affect CHD or CVD mortality or morbidity. A birth weight ≤3000 g contributes little to the burden of CHD and CVD on a community level.
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| 26. |
- Eriksson, Margaretha, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of birth weight on prostate cancer incidence and mortality in a population-based study of men born in 1913 and followed up from 50 to 85 years of age
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 67:11, s. 1247-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) hormone is directly associated with birth weight (BW), and high IGF-I measured in adults is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PCA). Whether BW and PCA are related is inconclusive to date. METHODS: BW and PCA incidence and mortality data for a population-based cohort of 1,436 singleton Swedish men born in 1913 and followed until 85 years of age were obtained. RESULTS: BW > or = 4,250 g was associated with significantly higher PCA incidence [62% (CI: 4%-151%)] and PCA mortality [82% (CI: 3%-221%)] than BW 3,001-4,249 g, even when other potential effect modifiers were taken into account. The hazards ratio for PCA incidence fell from approximately 3 at age 50 to unity at age 85. Approximately one out of every six PCA incident cases between 50 and 70 years of age could be attributed to BW > or = 4,250 g. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study PCA incidence and mortality rate appears to increase with BW.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gil, Jeovanis, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical protein science in translational medicine targeting malignant melanoma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cell Biology and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0742-2091 .- 1573-6822. ; 35:4, s. 293-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melanoma of the skin is the sixth most common type of cancer in Europe and accounts for 3.4% of all diagnosed cancers. More alarming is the degree of recurrence that occurs with approximately 20% of patients lethally relapsing following treatment. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer and metastases rapidly extend to the regional lymph nodes (stage 3) and to distal organs (stage 4). Targeted oncotherapy is one of the standard treatment for progressive stage 4 melanoma, and BRAF inhibitors (e.g. vemurafenib, dabrafenib) combined with MEK inhibitor (e.g. trametinib) can effectively counter BRAFV600E-mutated melanomas. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted BRAFV600E inhibition achieves a significantly higher response rate. After a period of cancer control, however, most responsive patients develop resistance to the therapy and lethal progression. The many underlying factors potentially causing resistance to BRAF inhibitors have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the remaining unsolved clinical questions necessitate alternative research approaches to address the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic and treatment-resistant melanoma. In broader terms, proteomics can address clinical questions far beyond the reach of genomics, by measuring, i.e. the relative abundance of protein products, post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein localisation, turnover, protein interactions and protein function. More specifically, proteomic analysis of body fluids and tissues in a given medical and clinical setting can aid in the identification of cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Achieving this goal requires the development of a robust and reproducible clinical proteomic platform that encompasses automated biobanking of patient samples, tissue sectioning and histological examination, efficient protein extraction, enzymatic digestion, mass spectrometry–based quantitative protein analysis by label-free or labelling technologies and/or enrichment of peptides with specific PTMs. By combining data from, e.g. phosphoproteomics and acetylomics, the protein expression profiles of different melanoma stages can provide a solid framework for understanding the biology and progression of the disease. When complemented by proteogenomics, customised protein sequence databases generated from patient-specific genomic and transcriptomic data aid in interpreting clinical proteomic biomarker data to provide a deeper and more comprehensive molecular characterisation of cellular functions underlying disease progression. In parallel to a streamlined, patient-centric, clinical proteomic pipeline, mass spectrometry–based imaging can aid in interrogating the spatial distribution of drugs and drug metabolites within tissues at single-cell resolution. These developments are an important advancement in studying drug action and efficacy in vivo and will aid in the development of more effective and safer strategies for the treatment of melanoma. A collaborative effort of gargantuan proportions between academia and healthcare professionals has led to the initiation, establishment and development of a cutting-edge cancer research centre with a specialisation in melanoma and lung cancer. The primary research focus of the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center is to understand the impact that drugs have on cancer at an individualised and personalised level. Simultaneously, the centre increases awareness of the relentless battle against cancer and attracts global interest in the exceptional research performed at the centre.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Att bygga för grisproduktion på Gotland - en vägledning
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gotland Slagteri AB jointly with pig producers experienced that several construction projects of pig facilities were delayed or hindered due to insufficient locally established advisory services, specifically with competence in construction of pig facilities and the associated growth process. In corporation with the unit of Agriculture and Horticulture at Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) and the farm advisory service, Gård och Djurhälsan, a project was carried out with the aim to write a handbook about the construction and growth process. One of the objectives with the handbook was to serve as a manual in which a pig producer could get more information about a specific topic relevant in the process. The handbook is composed of shorter texts in addition to checklists, "step by step", templates, forms and calculation tools. The project group has had several, so-called dialogue meetings, where specific topics, relevant to the construction and growth process, have been discussed within the group or with the participation of experts. The purpose of these meetings has been to retrieve deeper knowledge of specific topics, e.g., pig production planning, bank and finances, disease control and organic production. All these dialogue meetings have resulted in various chapters in this handbook. Additionally, there are a stand-alone template about writing a work environment plan for construction sites, several calculation tools for the operational phases in pig production, a template for ventilation and heat demand in pig units, a construction investment calculation tool and a time planning tool, i.e., a Gantt chart. The guidance focuses on the administration of a construction project and the growth process related to it. This guide does not contain topics related to e.g., crop production, feed production or manure handling. Neither such administration as required during the actual operational phase of the pig facility, such as systematic work environment plan or systematic fire protection plan. Additionally, the project group went on a study tour to Bornholm, Denmark, to discuss pros and cons operating an abattoir or pig production on an island (Grisproduktion på Bornholm – reseberättelse från studieresa i projektet ”Utökad grisproduktion på Gotland”, RISE report 2021:114).
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| 35. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Grisproduktion på Bornholm – reseberättelse från studieresa i projektet”Utökad grisproduktion på Gotland”
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pig production on Bornholm – a travelogue about pig production on Bornholm carried out in the project “Growing pig businesses on Gotland” Both Bornholm (Denmark) and Gotland (Sweden) are islands located in the Baltic Sea. Gotland is about five times as large in comparison with Bornholm, but the number of pig producers is twice as many on Bornholm. For both Bornholm and Gotland, pig production is important. Without pig production, a local abattoir would not be operating on the islands. A closure of the local abattoir would result in the loss of 150– 200 jobs. Such closure would affect the whole society. In addition, animal transports to slaughter would be significantly longer. In 2014 there was an imminent threat that the local abattoir on Bornholm would be closed due to profitability issues. With joint efforts the abattoir was rescued, and the production volumes are now expected to be 545,000 slaughtered pigs in 2021/2022. The density of pig herds on Bornholm is a raising concern among veterinarians and pig producers due to the spreading of diseases among the herds. For instance, there is a concern about the spreading of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is not found in Sweden. PRRS was discovered in Sweden in 2007, but the affected pig herds were eliminated and the disease was eradicated. For both Denmark and Sweden there is another imminent threat in African swine fever (ASF), which is found in several countries in Europe. Denmark took measures to hinder the propagation of wild boars in the country, diminishing the risk of the spread of ASF. In Sweden, the wild boar population was established in the 80´s and has grown since then, increasing the risk of bringing ASF into the country. Thus, Gotland has an advantage with no wild boar population established on the island. In general, the surrounding water barrier on an island may be a natural barrier to hinder the introduction and spreading of diseases. In both Danish and Swedish pig production, there are difficulties finding staff. Between 50–70% of the staff in Danish pig production are foreigners. This proportion is significantly lower on Bornholm. So far, there is a market for agricultural properties on Bornholm, but as many pig producers approach retirement, the future situation is uncertain. It is becoming more common for employees to purchase farms in Bornholm when no relatives are interested to take over the business. For both Bornholm and Gotland, it is challenging for younger people to purchase farms due to the large investments. The process also takes many years. Developments towards more automation and digitalization in pig production became clear during the study trip to Bornholm. Danish Crown A/S has developed a mobile application in which the pig producers can report animals for slaughter. On the study tour the project group visited a pig farm with 600 sows and 20 000 fatteners. The pig farmer had invested in several automaton techniques to reduce operating costs for labor. The pig producers on Bornholm use production follow-up programs (corresponding to WinPig in Sweden) to a large extent. In addition, advisers are hired frequently. At Danish Crown A/S, there is an "owner service" that pig producers can join. In the owner service, the abattoir's consultants offer advices of interests for the pig producer. There is also a farm advisory service on Bornholm, namely Bornholms Landbrug och Fødevarer (BLF). BLF administrates several experience groups and on Bornholm there are as many as 17–18 (!) for pig producers and their staff. The intention of the groups is to exchange knowledge between pig producers. Many of the groups are aimed for the staff and are held in the pig barns. In addition, pig producers on Bornholm have a long and appreciated experience of benchmarking. The purpose of benchmarking is to compare the own business results to other pig producer’s. In Denmark, the pig veterinarian visits pig farms continuously, approximately every month. Visits by the pig veterinarian provide additional advices and follow-ups for the pig producer.
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| 36. |
- Halldin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental head restraint concept for primary prevention of head and neck injuries in frontal collisions.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 30:4, s. 535-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Experimental Head Restraint Concept (EHRC), a 'safety belt' for the head, is designed to reduce forces to the head and neck, in frontal car crashes. The EHRC was evaluated experimentally in frontal collision for a crash severity of 11 m/s, and numerically in frontal collision for a crash severity of 11 and 15 m/s. Experimental data obtained from a frontal barrier test (11 m/s) showed a 67% reduction of the HIC value from 411 (without EHRC) to 136 (with EHRC). The same level of reduction was also obtained for the higher speed in the numerical simulation. The moment in the neck was shown in experimental configuration to increase a few percent using the EHRC, but as presented in a numerical analysis, the moment was reduced by stiffening the EHRC. The EHRC clearly has a potential role in the search for primary prevention of neurotrauma injuries in frontal related car crashes. However, there is a strong need for more advanced injury criteria for the neck in order to optimize such complex safety systems.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Ingvar, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Varannan timme får en svensk ett nytt malignt melanom : Incidens, utfall och prevention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 114:19, s. 884-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The incidence of melanoma in Sweden is catching up on Australia and is now close to 40/100 000 inhabitants/ year, an increase of more than 5 %/year during the last 10 years. Swedes love the sun and travel a lot to sunny places like Spain and Thailand. There is a clear socioeconomic trend: the better economy and education, the more you travel and the more melanoma you get. Sunbed use is a clear risk factor and is now prohibited for young people. The proportion of thin melanomas (< 1 mm) has been steadily rising for the last 10 years but still almost 10 % of the invasive melanomas are thick (> 4 mm). This group with a much worse prognosis is mostly old people, both women and men, who do not seem to seek medical care in time. Mortality is quite steady, 5/100 000/year, translating to 500 patients, double the number of Swedes killed in traffic every year. The Swedish National Melanoma Registry covers 98% of all invasive cutaneous melanoma since 1990 and together with a regular update through the Death Registry a population based risk model has been developed for significant prognostic factors.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Isaksson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Survival in 31 670 patients with thin melanomas : a Swedish population-based study
- 2021
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 184:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) continues to increase in most countries worldwide and the majority are diagnosed with thin tumours (≤ 1 mm).OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the melanoma-specific survival (MSS) as well as conditional MSS (CMSS) in patients with thin CMM in Sweden.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical and histological parameters were obtained from the Swedish Melanoma Registry for patients diagnosed with thin CMM between 1990 and 2017. Patients were followed until the end of 2017. MSS as well as CMSS for different thickness groups were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to calculate for survival differences between thickness groups.RESULTS: There were 31 670 patients included for final analyses. The overall 10- and 20-year MSS for thin CMMs was 97% [95% confidence interval (CI) 97-97] and 95% (95% CI 95-96), respectively. From 0·7 mm and above, MSS decreased significantly with increasing thickness level. All thickness groups had an increased survival over time. The lowest CMSS was confirmed for men with 1·0 mm in thickness but their 10-year CMSS increased steadily over time. Women had overall better MSS as well as CMSS than men. However, the relation between MSS and CMSS was similar for both sexes.CONCLUSIONS: MSS was confirmed as excellent for patients with thin CMMs in Sweden. Although we could show a decreased MSS for patients with 0·7 mm thickness and above, the long-term survival and, in addition, a very favourable CMSS for those patients do not support more extended follow-up programmes than the current recommendations in Sweden. What is already known about this topic? The majority of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma are diagnosed with thin melanomas (≤ 1 mm) and the survival is generally reported as favourable. What does this study add? Our national population-based designed study, including 31 670 patients with thin melanomas, is exclusive when it comes to melanoma survival data, as many former studies are based on selected and smaller cohorts of patients (e.g. referral centres/hospital-based registries). In addition to an excellent overall melanoma-specific survival (MSS), we could also report an increasing conditional MSS with time from diagnosis for patients with thin melanomas in Sweden.
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| 42. |
- Jonsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer risk and radon exposure in a cohort of iron ore miners in Malmberget, Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 67:8, s. 519-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Lung cancer caused by radon in miners is a well-known risk. However, the risk estimates vary between studies and between mines. We have studied the dose response-relationship in a Swedish iron ore mine where two other studies have previously reached different risk estimates. As this mine has relatively low radon levels, the results are highly relevant for risk estimation in non-uranium underground mines.METHODS: A new cohort of 5486 male workers employed from 1923 to 1996 was established. Cumulative radon exposures were assessed based on a large number of measurements, including reconstructions of historical conditions. 122 lung cancer cases occurred during the follow-up period of 1958-2000.RESULTS: The average cumulative exposure in underground workers was 32 kBq year/m(3) (65 working level months (WLM)), experienced over 14.6 years. The excess RR (ERR) per kBq year/m(3) was 0.046 (95% CI 0.015 to 0.077; 0.022 ERR/WLM). Confounding by quartz may affect these results but appears to account only for 10-20% of the risk. The results for squamous cell and small cell lung cancer were 0.049 and 0.072, respectively. However, no increased risk was observed for adenocarcinoma (0.000 ERR per kBq year/m(3), 95% CI -0.017 to 0.017).CONCLUSION: Our overall risk estimate is about half of that found in the first Malmberget study but twice that found in the same cohort in the previously published pooled analysis. Radon did not increase the risk for adenocarcinoma in the lung.
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| 43. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Robotic orbital drilling of structures for aerospace applications
- 2002
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - Chester, United Kingdom : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0148-7191.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes ongoing research into orbital drilling using standard industrial robots. The research is a part of an ongoing EU funded aircraft industry project - ADFAST*. Generally it is difficult to use standard industrial robots to automate drilling in the aerospace industry. The stiffness of the standard robotic device is not sufficient to resist the deflections caused by the cutting forces from the drilling process, therefore it is difficult to achieve the tight hole tolerance requirements. Orbital drilling creates lower axial cutting forces compared to conventional drilling and therefore allows the use of low-cost standard industrial robots for drilling holes within the required hole tolerances. This paper presents results from a study where forces, moments and dislocations produced during orbital- and conventional drilling have been measured.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Krakowski, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Association of metformin use and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma and diabetes
- 2023
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 188:1, s. 32-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Metformin use has been associated with improved survival in patients with different types of cancer, but research regarding the effect of metformin on cutaneous melanoma (CM) survival is sparse and inconclusive.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between metformin use and survival among patients with CM and diabetes.METHODS: All adult patients with a primary invasive CM between 2007 and 2014 were identified in the Swedish Melanoma Registry and followed until death, or end of follow-up on 31 December 2017 in this population-based cohort study. Patients with both CM and type 2 diabetes mellitus were assessed further. Overall survival (OS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) were the primary endpoints. Cox proportional hazard models estimating crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used comparing peridiagnostic use vs. nonuse of metformin. Dose response was evaluated based on defined daily doses.RESULTS: Among a total of 23 507 patients, 1162 patients with CM and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the final cohort, with a median follow-up time of 4.1 years (interquartile range 2.4-6.1). Peridiagnostic metformin use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of death by any cause (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57-0.81). Cumulative pre- and postdiagnostic metformin use was also associated with improved OS: the HR for prediagnostic use was 0.90 (95% CI 0.86-0.95) for every 6 months of use and the HR for postdiagnostic use ranged from 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.98) for 0-6 months to 0.59 (0.49-0.70) for 24-30 months of use. No association was found for metformin use and MSS.CONCLUSIONS: Metformin use was associated with improved OS in patients with CM and diabetes regardless of timing (pre-, post- or peridiagnostic use) and followed a dose-response pattern. However, further research regarding the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
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| 46. |
- Lagerkvist, Claes-Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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A study of Cybele asteroids
- 2005
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Ingår i: Astron.&Astrophys 432. ; , s. 349-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 47. |
- Landquist, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Uppdaterad och utökad livscykelanalys av svensk grisproduktion
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förbättrade produktionsresultat inom svensk grisproduktion, användning av biproduk-ter och djurhälsans betydelse har analyserats i en livscykelanalys. Klimatavtrycket för kött från en svensk medelgris är 2,54 kg koldioxidekvivalenter/kg slaktvikt, vilket är bland de lägsta jämfört med tillgängliga internationella studier. Produktionen av foder står för 54 % av klimatavtrycket och hanteringen av stallgödsel för 36 %. Av foderstaten till den svenska integrerade medelslaktgrisen utgjorde biprodukter 10 % och soja 4 %. Baserat på antalet dagars förlängd uppfödningstid för sjuka grisar, visar vi att 3,4 % av klimatavtrycket beror på ökad foderförbrukning orsakad av fyra utvalda sjukdomar i svenska grisbesättningar. Produktionshöjande åtgärder såsom exempelvis friska grisar och hög fodereffektivitet, övergång till förnybara bränslen inom såväl odling av foder som inom grisuppfödning är viktiga åtgärder för att minska klimatavtrycket givet att det inte påverkar andra miljöaspekter, djurhälsa eller djurvälfärd negativt. En central aspekt är fortsatt utveckling mot välbalanserade foderstater med val av foderråvaror med lågt klimatavtryck, användning av biprodukter och inhemska fodergrödor odlade på ett hållbart sätt.
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| 48. |
- Lindström, Fredric, et al.
(författare)
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On the Design of a Sound System for a Mobile Audio Unit
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mobile audio unit is a wireless, battery-driven unit, the main purpose of which is to reproduce acoustic signals. This kind of unit can be used in conjunction with a home server. For example, a radio station broadcasting can be received from the Internet and fed to the mobile audio unit via a central home server. The market for home servers is expected to grow leading to a possible expansion of the market for this type of mobile audio unit. This paper presents some design aspects for the sound system of an audio unit, adapted to the new demands of the market.
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| 49. |
- Lyth, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic risk factors of first recurrence in patients with primary stages I-II cutaneous malignant melanoma - from the population-based Swedish melanoma register
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 31:9, s. 1468-1474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prognostic factors in patients with localized primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) are well described. However, prognostic factors for recurrence are less documented. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify prognostic risk factors for first recurrence in patients with localized stages I-II CMM using population-based data. Methods: This study included 1437 CMM patients registered in one region of Sweden during 1999-2012 follow-up through 31 December 2012. To identify first recurrence of CMM disease, data from a care data warehouse, the pathology and radiology department registries were used. Patients were also followed through a census register and the national Cause of Death Register. Results: The 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 85.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The most common site of first recurrence was regional lymph node metastasis closely followed by distant metastasis. After adjusting for all prognostic factors, women had 50% lower risk of recurrence than men (HR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.7) and patients ≥70 had higher risk compared to patients 55-69 years (HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5). Other significant prognostic factors for risk of recurrence were tumour thickness, presence of ulceration, Clark's level of invasion and histogenetic type. Conclusion: Tumour thickness was found to be the predominant risk factor for recurrence. The prognostic factors for recurrence coincided with prognostic factors for CMM death. The most common site of first recurrence in stages I-II CMM is regional lymph node (42.8%) closely followed by distant metastases (37.6%), a fact which has to be taken into consideration when choosing follow-up strategies.
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| 50. |
- Lyth, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sweden 1997-2011: Thinner tumours and improved survival among men
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 172:3, s. 700-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Both patient survival and the proportion of patients diagnosed with thin cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) have been steadily rising in Sweden as in most western countries, though the rate of improvement in survival appears to have declined in Sweden at the end of last millennium.Objectives: To analyse the most recent trends in the distribution of tumour thickness (T-category) as well as CMM-specific survival in Swedish patients diagnosed 1997-2011.Methods: This nationwide population-based study included 30 590 patients registered in the Swedish Melanoma Register (SMR) and diagnosed with a first primary invasive CMM 1997-2011. The patients were followed through 2012 in the national Cause-of-Death Register.Results: Logistic and Cox regression analyses adjusting for age at diagnosis, tumour site, and health care region were carried out. The odds ratio for being diagnosed with thicker tumours was significantly reduced (P = 0·0008) and the CMM-specific survival significantly improved in men diagnosed 2007-2011 compared to men diagnosed 1997-2001 (hazard ratio=0·81; 95% CI 0·72-0·91, P = 0·0009) while the corresponding differences for women were not significant. Women were diagnosed with significantly thicker tumours during 2002-2006 and a tendency towards decreased survival was observed compared to those diagnosed earlier 1997-2001 and later 2007-2011.Conclusion: In Sweden, the CMMs of men are detected earlier over time and this seems to be followed by an improved CMM-specific survival for men. Women are still diagnosed with considerably thinner tumours and they experience a better survival than men.
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