| 1. |
- Ashman Kröönström, Linda, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise capacity, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in adults with CHD
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 30:5, s. 668-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess exercise capacity, physical activity, and health-related quality of life within a broad and unselected group of adults with CHD.Design: From April 2009 to February 2014, 1310 patients were assessed for suitability to participate in this single-centre cross-sectional study. Seven hundred and forty-seven (57%) patients were included, performed a submaximal bicycle test, and answered questionnaires regarding physical activity and health-related quality of life. Exercise capacity, physical activity, and health-related quality of life were compared with reference values and correlations were studied.Results: The exercise capacities of men and women with CHD were 58.7 and 66.3%, respectively, of reference values. Approximately, 20-25% of the patients did not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity. In addition, men scored significantly less points on 7 out of 10 scales of health-related quality of life and women in 6 out of 10 scales, compared with reference values. The strongest correlation was between exercise capacity and the Short Form-36 (physical function).Conclusions: Exercise capacity was impaired in all adults with CHD, including those with less complicated CHD. One-quarter of the patients did not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity. Exercise tests followed by individualised exercise prescriptions may be offered to all patients with CHD aiming to increase exercise capacity, levels of physical activity, improve health-related quality of life, and reduce the risk of acquired life-style diseases.
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| 2. |
- Ashman Kröönström, Linda, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle function in adults with congenital heart disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 170:3, s. 358-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess muscle function in a sample of Swedish adult men and women with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and to compare the results with published reference values in healthy adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: From April 2009 to December 2010, 762 adult outpatients were assessed for their suitability and individual need for tests of physical fitness. The patients performed five muscle function tests, two isotonic tests and three isometric tests. Of the 762 patients, 315 (41.3%) patients performed the tests. Patients with ACHD had lower isotonic muscle function compared to healthy reference values. In the heel lift test, men with ACHD performed at 63% and women at 58% of the healthy reference values and in the shoulder flexion test the corresponding performance level was 60% for men with ACHD and 85% for the women. Multiple regression analyses showed that NYHA class II-IV was a significant predictor for a lower isotonic muscle function i.e. heel lift in women (p<0.001) and men (p=0.05) and in shoulder flexion (p<0.001) in women, as well as in isometric knee extension (p=0.04) and isometric shoulder abduction (p<0.001) in women. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of muscle function in a broad and unselected group of patients with ACHD. Our data shows that patients with ACHD have lower isotonic muscle function. The impacts of low muscle function in activities of daily living and the question of whether muscle function could be improved with exercise training need further investigation.
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| 3. |
- Ashman Kröönström, Linda, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Post-operative musculoskeletal outcomes in patients with coarctation of the aorta following different surgical approaches.
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 327, s. 80-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine range of motion and muscle function in the upper extremity and spine in patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) comparing different surgical approaches.From October 2017 to February 2019, 150 patients were assessed for inclusion. A total of 99 patients (n=75 CoA, n=24 control), were included and assessed regarding muscle function, arm length and circumference, and spinal and thoracic mobility.There were significant differences between the right and left arm in patients with CoA, operated with the subclavian flap technique compared to controls in regards to shoulder flexion (p<0.001), elbow flexion (p=0.001), shoulder abduction (p=0.02), handgrip strength (p=0.01), length of upper arm (p<0.001), lower arm (p<0.001), and of whole arm (p<0.001), circumference regarding upper arm (p=0.001), lower arm (p<0.001), and wrist (p<0.001). Structural scoliosis was more frequent in patients who had undergone thoracotomy (25.4%) than patients who had not undergone a thoracotomy (5.9%, p=0.04), and were often located in the thoracic part of the spine.Patients with CoA operated on using the subclavian flap technique have impaired muscle function as well as reduced arm length and circumference. An increased rate of structural scoliosis was found in patients who underwent thoracotomy, in comparison with patients who had not undergone a thoracotomy. Further research is needed to determine whether muscle function impaired by surgical procedures can be improved with exercise.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Workshop El’konin Davydov Curriculum – young students’ exploration of the base system promoting rigorous understanding of base ten
- 2024
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Ingår i: Quaderni di Ricerca in Didattica" QRDM (Mathematics). - : G.R.I.M. (Departimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of PalermoItaly). - 1592-5137 .- 1592-4424. ; :13, s. 549-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The El’konin-Davydov Curriculum (EDC), developed and tested in the 1960s and 1980s in Russia, proposes an interesting and effective method of developing students’ understanding of the general structure of the base system independent of a particular base. However, the tasks and teaching strategies developed in a cultural setting (Russia) cannot be mechanically transferred to another cultural setting (Sweden). To benefit from EDC, we try to adapt the tasks to a Swedish culture while respecting and preserving the theoretical basis. Therefore, in a workshop, we have discussed some of the tasks from the EDC in order to, without missing the theoretical basis, help young Swedish students to understand the general principles behind the base system.
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| 5. |
- Forsman, Mikael, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic risk management with RAMP for riskassessment and adapted changes - an implementation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: NES2022 WORK WELL Conference Proceedings Research. ; , s. 156-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- RAMP (Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling – Proactively), is arisk management tool focusing on manual handling work. Since 2017 RAMP has beenspread to over 105 countries. More than other methods, RAMP supports the entire riskmanagement process. RAMP is based on risk factors documented in scientific literature,and it has been evaluated regarding usability and reliability. It is now used for MSDrisk management in many organisations. The feedback from RAMP users is positive,and there are indications of reductions in sick absence.The purpose of the ongoing project is to investigate a selection of effects thatimplementation entails and to examine the implementation of RAMP from a leadershipand system perspective. Specific questions are: What happens when a companyimplements RAMP? Are the risk factors reduced? What affects the change? Whatstrategies do companies use when implementing RAMP? Are the effects of whichstrategies companies apply when implementing affected? What are the facilitators andbarriers to the implementation of this risk management method?The project is carried out as an implementation study based on mixed methods incollaboration between researchers and four production companies and two FHV actors.The effects and implementation of RAMP will be evaluated by comparing risk levels,qualitative interviews, document analyses, questionnaires and structured observationsof work processes. For changes in risk factors, RAMP risk assessments, which includeobservations and objectivemeasurements of push-pull forces, carried out at baseline andat follow-up will be compared. If possible, in addition to the above data collection, thecompany's own data on sick leave, productivity and quality (eg quality deficiency data)will be included and monitored over time.Implementations and effects of RAMP will be summarized in so-called logicalmodels. These models will identify inputs (e.g. time and resources set aside forimplementation), activities (e.g. training and measures implemented), intermediate(short-term) outcomes (e.g. the extent to which RAMP is used in the systematic workenvironment work and in the entire process for risk management, how much of the highrisks have been reduced, what type of measures have been taken and how the riskawareness has developed among employees), long-term outcomes (e.g. employees'perception of the workload, perceived health and perceived problems), and possiblylong-term outcomes (e.g. changes in sick absence, quality and productivity as well assharing good examples within the organisation).157At this point in the project, the questionnaire has been designed, companies havebeen contacted, and data collection at the first company, that now has assigned animplementation strategy, is about to start.The project is expected to show what effects on the work environment (possibly alsohealth, quality and productivity) that systematic application of the RAMP method canhave, aswell aswhich of the studied factors affect the implementation and to what extentthey do so. The results are expected to lead to new knowledge in the area of systematicrisk management and implementation strategies.
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| 6. |
- Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al.
(författare)
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No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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| 7. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 8. |
- Maripuu, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the immune response against extracellular products of group A streptococci during infection
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 14:1, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immune response against the infecting group A streptococcus (GAS) extracellular products (EP) was determined in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 75 patients with different clinical manifestations of GAS infection. All EP elicited a high proliferative response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In patients with bacteremia, low neutralization in acute-phase sera was associated with development of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Lack of neutralization in acute-phase sera was more common in patients infected with the T1emm1 serotype. The majority of patients did not develop the ability to neutralize the mitogenic activity of their infecting isolate despite a significant increase in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer in early convalescent-phase sera. In patients with the ability to neutralize GAS EP, the immune response remained high over at least 3 years. In contrast, the neutralization capacity conferred by intravenous immunoglobulin and/or plasma treatment disappeared within 3 months.
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| 9. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- af Bjerkén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of visual analysis of [18F]FE-PE2I PET/CT in early Parkinsonian disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear medicine communications. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0143-3636 .- 1473-5628. ; 44:5, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: [18F]FE-PE2I (FE-PE2I) is a new radiotracer for dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with PET. The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual interpretation of FE-PE2I images for the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinsonian syndrome (IPS). The inter-rater variability, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for visual interpretation of striatal FE-PE2I compared to [123I]FP-CIT (FP-CIT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was evaluated.Methods: Thirty patients with newly onset parkinsonism and 32 healthy controls with both an FE-PE2I and FP-CIT were included in the study. Four patients had normal DAT imaging, of which three did not fulfil the IPS criteria at the clinical reassessment after 2 years. Six raters evaluated the DAT images blinded to the clinical diagnosis, interpreting the image as being ‘normal’ or ‘pathological’, and assessed the degree of DAT-reduction in the caudate and putamen. The inter-rater agreement was assessed with intra-class correlation and Cronbach’s α. For calculation of sensitivity and specificity, DAT images were defined as correctly classified if categorized as normal or pathological by ≥4/6 raters.Results: The overall agreement in visual evaluation of the FE-PE2I- and FP-CIT images was high for the IPS patients (α = 0.960 and 0.898, respectively), but lower in healthy controls (FE-PE2I: α = 0.693, FP-CIT: α = 0.657). Visual interpretation gave high sensitivity (both 0.96) but lower specificity (FE-PE2I: 0.86, FP-CIT: 0.63) with an accuracy of 90% for FE-PE2I and 77% for FP-CIT.Conclusion: Visual evaluation of FE-PE2I PET imaging demonstrates high reliability and diagnostic accuracy for IPS.
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| 12. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Crafting film instructions: e-learning in craft education
- 2019
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Ingår i: Make and learn, Nordic Research Conference in Sloyd, September 17-20, 2019, Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Academisation concerns the phenomenon where vocational and practice-oriented fields enter higher education, but also the fact that higher education in general becomes more firmly directed towards scholar competences and research. The ongoing academisation have put pressure on craft educations to develop more efficient pedagogical approaches to hands on skills-acquisition. This paper elaborate on combinations of film instruction and face-to-face learning to augment both hands-on skills and analytical attitudes in crafts. The paper reviews the research field and reflects on own experiences in the use of e-learning and filmed instructions in craft education. The research material consist of own production of film instructions and assessment of pedagogical uses in craft education in graduate courses. The research question is how e-learning can be used in craft education to complement and gear up the efficiency of face-to-face instruction? The preliminary result points at the need to develop a variety of genres of instructions. Filmed instructions need to be declared in terms of learning outcomes and constructively linked to other pedagogical formats of a course curriculum.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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De-aluminated zeolite Y as a Tool to Study Endocytosis, A Delivery System Revealing Differences between Human Peripheral Dendritic Cells
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 66:1, s. 52-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the use of nano-meter sized zeolite particles as a novel approach to follow the endosomal acidification and proteolysis inside a viable cell. The method was verified by using human peripheral monocytes, a well known endocytosing cell population. Zeolite particles were subsequently used to investigate the endocytosing mechanisms of human peripheral dendritic cells (DCs). Probes detecting pH neutral and acidic endosomes were adsorbed to de-aluminated zeolite Y, and used to detect endocytosis in immature human peripheral blood DCs. Both the myeloid (mDCs) and the plasmacytoid (pDCs) dendritic cell subsets had an endocytosing capacity comparable to peripheral blood monocytes. However, the majority of both subsets of DCs retained their endosomes at a neutral pH during the first hours after endocytosis and only a small number of the mDCs showed any formation of acidic endosomes.Proteolytic degradation of endocytosed proteins was detected using self-quenched DQ-ovalbumin adsorbed to zeolite particles. Interestingly, a clear difference in proteolytic degradation of endocytosed ovalbumin was observed between the two subsets of DCs. The mDC showed an efficient degradation of ovalbumin, while the pDC population displayed no or only minor proteolytic degradation. In conclusion, zeolite particles provide a useful tool to study the endocytosing mechanisms, and an efficient carrier of bio-molecules into the endosomal pathways of viable cells.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of endocytosis using de-aluminated zeolite
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nano-meter sized particles of de-aluminated zeolite Y has a high adsorption capacity of both low molecular weight bio-molecules and macromolecules. In this study we used de-aluminated zeolite Y as a novel approach to study the mechanisms of endocytosis in immature human peripheral blood dendritic cells (DCs). Probes detecting pH neutral and acidic endosomes were adsorbed to the zeolite and used as a tracer of the endosomal pathway of a cell in the form of acidification and lysosomal function. Both the myeloid (M-DCs) and the plasmacytoid (P-DCs) dendritic cell subsets showed an endocytosing capacity comparable to peripheral blood monocytes but only the M-DCs were able to form acidic endosomes after internalization of zeolite particles. Furthermore, during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the DCs population, an enhanced induction of acidic endosomes was only seen in the M-DC population. Proteolytic degradation of endocytosed proteins was detected using self-quenched DQ-ovalbumin adsorbed to zeolite particles and our results showed a clear difference between the two DC populations. The M-DC population, that showed formation of acidic endosomes, also showed proteolytic degradation of ovalbumin. The P-DC population on the other hand, showed no formation of acidic and no proteolytic degradation of ovalbumin. Various bio-molecules can be adsorbed by de-aluminated zeolites and in conclusion we propose the use of zeolite particles as a useful tool in the study of the endocytosing mechanisms of a cell.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Myeloid blood dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells differ in their endocytosing capability
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 73:11, s. 1073-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells characterized by a unique capacity to stimulate naive T cells. The functions of DCs depend on the particular subset and in this study we compare two types of myeloid DCs: freshly isolated blood mDCs and in vitro generated monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), in their ability to accomplish endocytosis. In our hands, these two DC subtypes showed similarities in the expression of surface markers, but displayed clear differences in endocytic capacity. Freshly isolated blood mDCs showed a high propensity to capture and endocytose particles compared to in vitro generated MoDCs. The blood mDCs also showed a clear receptor-enhanced endocytosis when zeolite particles were co-adsorbed with IgG. On the other hand, the MoDCs differed remarkably compared to blood mDCs in the capture of ovalbumin and immune complexes. Interestingly, the MoDCs showed low endocytosis of IgG-coated particles but an efficient capture of immune complexes. The MoDCs also showed a high capacity to capture ovalbumin although with a relatively low degree of internalization. These data indicate distinct differences in the early process of endocytosis featured by mDCs and MoDCs, which is important to consider when choosing DC populations for future functional or clinical applications.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis of particles by peripheral dendritic cells
- 2008
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Ingår i: Human Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; :69, 625-633, 2008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells with the ability to internalize antigen and present antigen-derived peptides to T cells. Human DCs express several receptors on the surface for endocytosis and other recognition receptors that bind to microbes or microbial products, which are internalized and processed. Here, we report the use of nanometer-size zeolite particles as a tool to study receptor-mediated endocytosis by the two subsets of immature DCs, myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) dendritic cells. A major difference in receptor-mediated endocytosis was observed between the two populations of peripheral DCs. The pDC population demonstrated an almost complete lack of receptor-mediated endocytosis of zeolite particles, whereas the mDC population demonstrated a clear receptor-mediated endocytosis. Fc receptors are expressed by both peripheral DC populations and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are known ligands of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4, respectively, both TLRs expressed by human mDCs. An efficient receptormediated endocytosis of immunoglobulin G-, LTA-, and LPS-coated zeolite particles was observed by the mDC population and their endocytosing capacity depended strongly on the density of the ligand adsorbed onto the zeolite particles. In conclusion, an efficient receptor-mediated endocytosis was observed from the mDC population, whereas the pDCs demonstrated an almost complete lack of receptor-mediated endocytosis and nanometer-size dealuminated zeolite particles were a useful tool for studying receptor-mediated endocytosis in human peripheral DCs.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Internationalisation in Malaysian furniture firms : gradual or rapid internationalisation?
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1479-3059 .- 1479-3067. ; 1:3, s. 220-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of the initial steps in a firm's international development has traditionally been dominated by various forms of the 'stage theory', but these theories have been challenged more recently by evidence that rapid internationalisation can take place in certain firms contradicting the notion of gradual development that was an essential aspect of the stage-model perspective. Moreover, earlier studies and models have been developed in industrialised countries. The present study examines the internationalisation of Malaysian furniture firms and concludes that the traditional stage models are not suited to understanding the development of these firms. The firms did not expand in a gradual manner, and did not choose markets that were 'psychically close' to Malaysia. The emerging literature on 'born globals' was a better tool for understanding the development of these firms. However, this literature must be complemented with country-specific and industry-specific factors, if full understanding of the international expansion of firms in developing countries, such as Malaysia, is to be achieved.
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| 18. |
- Andreasson, Jörgen
(författare)
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Organizational preconditions and supportive resources for Swedish healthcare managers. : Factors that contribute to or counteract changes
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish Healthcare managers’ organizational preconditions and supportive resources are important for their ability to work with planned change in a sustainable way. This thesis further investigates these factors together with an output measure, healthcare process quality (HPQ).The overall aim was to investigate how healthcare managers’ organizational preconditions and support contribute to or counteract managers’ work with planned change in order to implement process development in a sustainable way. Specific aims were: to improve knowledge of managers’ views of and approaches to increasing their employees’ influence on and engagement in models for improving care processes (study I); to investigate relationships among managers’ organizational preconditions, support, and work to improve quality of care and HPQ over time (study II); to investigate whether managers’ coaching style, preconditions, implementation strategy, appraisal of change, and clinical autonomy are associated with HPQ (study III ); and to assess the influence of support from superiors, colleagues, external sources, subordinates, and private life on managers’ own health (study IV ).The data for Studies I – III came from five hospitals collected over a three-year period. The data were collected by means of interviews (Study I, qualitative analysis) and annual questionnaires (Studies II and III, quantitative and mixed-method analyses). The data for Study IV were based on questionnaires administered to first- and second-line managers in municipal care, twice during a two-year period.The results revealed that the healthcare managers were key actors in implementing planned change, but were dependent on their employees’ engagement in order to succeed. Managers’ appraisal of work with planned change became more positive with strong support from other managers, employees, and the organization as well as with long managerial experience. Support from private life and networks, as well as the managers’ attitudes towards their managerial role, predicted their own health. For new managers or managers with many employees, organizational support predicted their health-related sustainability. Managers practising a more distanced style of coaching (e.g., clearly delegating responsibility for implementation work to employees) were associated with better HPQ outcomes than were managers who were more involved in implementation. In conclusion, implementation of planned change are facilitated by, engaged managers, employees with knowledge of implementation work and of the healthcare system, as well as organizational structures that support the managers. Strong support from various sources as well as managerial experience are important for managers’ appraisal of work with planned change. Strong managerial support and a more delegated leadership style are both important factors related to higher estimated HPQ.
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| 19. |
- Andreasson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of healthcare managers’ organizational preconditions and support resources for their appraisal of planned change and its outcomes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Administration. - : Sciedu Press. - 1927-6990 .- 1927-7008. ; 6:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Healthcare managers are expected to lead and manage planned organizational change intended to improve healthcare process quality. However, their complex working conditions offer limited decision control, and healthcare managers often feel ill prepared and inadequately supported to perform their duties. Healthcare managers have previously described their need for organizational support, but we lack knowledge of the preconditions and resources that help managers implement planned change. Methods: This prospective cohort study examined healthcare managers at three Swedish hospitals implementing lean production and two Swedish hospitals implementing their own improvement model. Questionnaire data from 2012, 2103, and 2014 were used in following up. We used t-tests and a linear mixed model design in analysing the data. Results: Healthcare managers who perceived strong support from managers, employees, colleagues, and the organization and managers with the longest managerial experience had the least negative appraisal of change. Managers who perceived strong support from employees, management, and the organizational structure perceived higher levels of healthcare process quality. Conclusions: Long managerial experience and strong support from managers, employees, and the organization are important for managers’ appraisal of, work on, and successful implementation of planned change. Top management must therefore ensure that the healthcare managers have sufficient managerial experience and support before they delegate to them the responsibility to implement planned change.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ashelford, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Full genome re-sequencing reveals a novel circadian clock mutationin Arabidopsis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 12, s. R28-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Map based cloning in Arabidopsis thaliana can be a difficult and time-consuming process,specifically if the phenotype is subtle and scoring labour intensive. An alternative to map basedcloning would be to directly sequence the whole genome of a mutant to uncover the mutationresponsible for the phenotype. Results: Here, we have re-sequenced the 120 Mb genome of a novel Arabidopsis clock mutant earlybird (ebi-1), using massively parallel sequencing by ligation. This process was further complicated by the fact that ebi-1 is in Wassilewskija (Ws-2), not the reference accession ofArabidopsis. The approach reveals evidence of DNA strand bias in the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS) mutation process. We have demonstrated the utility of sequencing a backcrossed line andusing gene expression data to limit the number of SNP considered. Using new SNP informationwe have excluded a previously identified clock gene, PRR7. Finally, we have identified a SNPin the gene AtNFXL-2 as the likely cause of the ebi-1 phenotype and validated this bycharacterising a further allele. Conclusion: In Arabidopsis, as in other organisms, the (EMS) mutation load can be high. Here wedescribe how sequencing a backcrossed line, using functional genomics and analysing new SNPinformation can be used to reduce the number EMS mutations for consideration. Moreover, theapproach we describe here does not require out-crossing and scoring F2 mapping populations, anapproach which can be compromised by background effects. The strategy has broad utility andwill be an extremely useful tool to identify causative SNP in other organisms.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Aurell, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Mikroplaster : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om källor till mikroplaster och förslag på åtgärder för minskade utsläpp i Sverige
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I augusti 2015 fick Naturvårdsverket i uppdrag från regeringen att identifiera viktigare källor i Sverige till utsläpp av mikroplaster till havet och verka för att reducera utsläppen från dessa källor. I den här rapporten redovisar Naturvårdsverket uppdraget. Vi presenterar resultaten från den första, övergripande kartläggningen av källor till och spridning av mikroplaster i Sverige, en bedömning av vilka av de kartlagda källorna som primärt bör åtgärdas samt vilka steg som behöver tas för att förebygga utsläpp och minska spridning av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag från dessa källor.Förekomsten av mikroplast i den marina miljön har uppmärksammats allt mer under senare år, inte minst på global nivå. Mikroplast är ett samlingsnamn för små, små plastfragment (1 nm till 5 mm). De mikroplaster som hittats i världshaven, men även i sötvattensystem, har olika ursprung. Mikroplast kan bildas oavsiktligt när plastföremål slits och plastpartiklar frigörs, eller när vi inte återanvänder, återvinner eller slänger plastmaterial på rätt sätt utan plasten blir skräp som succesivt bryts ned till mindre och mindre bitar i naturen. Det finns också plast som från början tillverkas som små pellets eller korn.Utgångspunkten för arbetet har varit miljökvalitetsmålen Hav i balans samt levande kust och Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt målet om Giftfri miljö. Reduceradeutsläpp av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag bidrar till att nå dessa mål.Uppdraget har genomförts av Naturvårdsverket i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, andra berörda myndigheter, samt med deltagande av berörda organisationer och andra intressenter mellan augusti 2015 och maj 2017. Slutsatserna är Naturvårdsverkets egna.
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| 26. |
- Axelin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal intensive care nurses' perceptions of parental participation in infant pain management : a comparative focus group study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0893-2190 .- 1550-5073. ; 29:4, s. 363-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comparative focus group study explored nurses' experiences and perceptions regarding parental participation in infant pain management in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A total of 87 nurses from 7 NICUs in Finland, Sweden, and the United States participated in focus-group interviews (n = 25). Data were analyzed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Nurses' experiences and perceptions varied considerably, from nurses being in control, to nurses sharing some control with parents, to nurse-parent collaboration in infant pain management. When nurses controlled pain management, parents were absent or passive. In these cases, the nurses believed this led to better pain control for infants and protected parents from emotional distress caused by infant pain. When nurses shared control with parents, they provided information and opportunities for participation. They believed parent participation was beneficial, even if it caused nurses or parents anxiety. When nurses collaborated with parents, they negotiated the optimal pain management approach for an individual infant. The collaborative approach was most evident for the nurses in the Swedish NICUs and somewhat evident in the NICUs in Finland and the United States. Further research is needed to address some nurses' perceptions and concerns and to facilitate greater consistency in the application of evidence-based best practices.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Axelin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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NICU Nurses’perceptions regarding parental involvement in infant pain management
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nurses play a key but varied role in enabling (or impeding) parents’ access to information and support needed for parental participation, influenced by individual, institutional and regional factors. We know very little about parental involvement from the perspective of nurses. The aim of this study was to explore views of nurses in 3 countries regarding the role of parents in infant pain management.Methods: A qualitative semi-structured interview study involving NICU nurses was conducted in Finland (n=47), Sweden (n=14), and the US (n=26). The interviews were analyzed with a deductive framework of a range of potential parent roles in infant pain management: none, being informed, being present, providing comfort, an informant for NICU staff, an active decision maker, or advocate for infant (Franck et al. 2012).Results: In all three countries, the nurses described two common parental roles: being informed and providing comfort. Parents were rarely described as informants, active decision makers, or advocates in relation to infant pain management. A new role of ‘parent as assistant’ emerged as some nurses described how parents provided infant comfort while the nurses concentrated on the technical performance of the painful procedure. Interviews also revealed that parents were sometimes actively excluded from infant pain management because their presence made nurses anxious when performing painful procedures. In the Finnish and Swedish samples, collaborative relations with parents were emphasized. The Swedish nurses highlighted the mutual dialogue between nurses and parents. In the US sample, some nurses reported that an active parent role in pain management was not necessary or desirable, since they considered good pain management to be the responsibility of nurses.Discussion and Conclusion: Nurses’ support for parental involvement in infant pain management varies considerably. In some cases, they actively oppose or prevent parental involvement. In other instances, they facilitate parental involvement and encourage partnerships in all aspects of pain management. The transition to a more family-centered approach to infant pain management requires further examination of areas of alignment and dissonance between nurses and parents’ values, needs, perceptions and roles in caring for infants at high risk for pain.Franck LS, Oulton K, Bruce E. Parental involvement in neonatal pain management: an empirical and conceptual update. J Nurs Scholarsh, 2012;44(1):45-54.
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| 29. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic bronchitis in West Sweden - a matter of smoking and social class
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although chronic bronchitis is associated with impaired quality of life, hospitalisations and increased mortality, it has been less in focus after the introduction of the term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are no recent published data on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis from the Scandinavian countries. Aim: The main aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in West Sweden by using data from a large-scale epidemiological study of the general population. A further aim was to identify current risk factors for chronic bronchitis in a population with a major decrease in the proportion of smokers. Methods: From the 18,087 questionnaire responders out of 30,000 invited to participate at the West Sweden Asthma Study, 2,000 subjects were randomly selected and invited to detailed clinical examinations performed during 2009-2013. A total of 1,172 subjects aged 17-79 participated in the examinations which included, among others, spirometry and structured interviews. Chronic bronchitis was defined according to reported symptoms. Results: The overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 7.2% (men 7.6%; women 6.8% ns), and it was 8.7% in subjects older than age 60. Chronic bronchitis was strongly associated with smoking, defined both as current smoking status and pack-years. Other risk factors were increasing age, low socio-economic class and urban living. Of those with chronic bronchitis, 22% fulfilled the GOLD criteria of COPD. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was somewhat lower than found by studies in Sweden in the 1980s and the prevalence was now similar in men and women. Although smoking was still the dominating risk factor for chronic bronchitis, the relative importance of smoking had decreased parallel with a decreasing smoking prevalence, while the relative importance of other factors than smoking had increased compared to previous studies.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in prevalence of COPD in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The smoking prevalence in Sweden has steadily decreased during three decades. The prevalence of COPD in Sweden in the 1990s and around the millennium shift was similar to neighboring European countries, i.e. estimated at 11-17%, and of moderate to severe COPD to 7-11%, in ages over 40y.Aim: Has the prevalence of chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and of COPD in Sweden decreased after decades of decreasing smoking prevalence?Methods: Within two large scale population studies in progress, the West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) and the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies (OLIN), the prevalence of COPD in ages 41-72y was calculated among randomly selected subjects from the general population in 2009-2012. The following post-bronchodilator definitions were used; CAO: FEV1/FVCResults: The prevalence of CAO based on the FEV1/FVCConclusion: As prevalence of COPD defined as chronic airway obstruction before and around the millennium shift was estimated at 11-17% in ages >40 years, the prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the decrease in smoking over decades is probably the main causal factor.
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| 32. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased COPD prevalence in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2020
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCOPD has increased in prevalence worldwide over several decades until the first decade after the millennium shift. Evidence from a few recent population studies indicate that the prevalence may be levelling or even decreasing in some areas in Europe. Since the 1970s, a substantial and ongoing decrease in smoking prevalence has been observed in several European countries including Sweden. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for COPD in the Swedish general population. A further aim was to estimate the prevalence trend of COPD in Northern Sweden from 1994 to 2009.MethodsTwo large random population samples were invited to spirometry with bronchodilator testing and structured interviews in 2009–2012, one in south-western and one in northern Sweden, n = 1839 participants in total. The results from northern Sweden were compared to a study performed 15 years earlier in the same area and age-span. The diagnosis of COPD required both chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and the presence of respiratory symptoms, in line with the GOLD documents since 2017. CAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70, with sensitivity analyses based on the FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion.ResultsBased on the fixed ratio definition, the prevalence of COPD was 7.0% (men 8.3%; women 5.8%) in 2009–2012. The prevalence of moderate to severe (GOLD ≥ 2) COPD was 3.5%. The LLN based results were about 30% lower. Smoking, occupational exposures, and older age were risk factors for COPD, whereof smoking was the most dominating risk factor. In northern Sweden the prevalence of COPD, particularly moderate to severe COPD, decreased significantly from 1994 to 2009, and the decrease followed a decrease in smoking.ConclusionsThe prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was particularly low. The decrease follows a major decrease in smoking prevalence over several decades, but smoking remained the dominating risk factor for COPD.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Barlind, Jonas G, et al.
(författare)
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Design and optimization of pyrazinecarboxamide-based inhibitors of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) leading to a clinical candidate dimethylpyrazinecarboxamide phenylcyclohexylacetic acid (AZD7687)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:23, s. 10610-10629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new series of pyrazinecarboxamide DGAT1 inhibitors was designed to address the need for a candidate drug with good potency, selectivity, and physical and DMPK properties combined with a low predicted dose in man. Rational design and optimization of this series led to the discovery of compound 30 (AZD7687), which met the project objectives for potency, selectivity, in particular over ACAT1, solubility, and preclinical PK profiles. This compound showed the anticipated excellent pharmacokinetic properties in human volunteers.
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| 35. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on alcohol use of a Swedish school-based prevention program for early adolescents: a longitudinal study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the study was to address the lack of evaluations of school-based substance use prevention programs and to conduct a quasi-experimental evaluation of the alcohol use part of the Triad intervention. Methods: Eleven Swedish intervention schools (285 pupils) and three control schools (159 pupils) participated in the evaluation. Baseline measurements were conducted in 2011 before the alcohol part in the prevention program was implemented in the intervention schools (school year 6, ages 12-13). We estimated an Intention-To-Treat (ITT) Difference-in-Difference (DD) model to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention on subsequent alcohol use measured in grades 7, 8 and 9. Results: The main results show no effect on the likelihood of drinking alcohol or drinking to intoxication. Conclusions: The lack of positive effects highlights the need for policy-makers and public health officials need to carefully consider and evaluate prevention programs in order to ensure that they are worthwhile from school, health, and societal perspectives.
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| 36. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-
(författare)
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Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying among Swedish Adolescents : Gender differences and associations with mental health
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study the differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents, focusing on gender, psychosomatic problems, and disability, and to gain insight into health staff’s experience of bullying in schools.The four studies in this thesis were based on surveys undertaken among 3,800 adolescents in Grades 7, 8 and 9 in Sweden, as well as focus groups of 16 people consisting of school social workers and school nurses.While almost no gender differences were found among traditional victims, Study I showed that girls were more likely than boys to be cybervictims. Boys were more likely than girls to be traditional bullies, while girls were equally as likely as boys to be cyberbullies. Study II showed that psychosomatic problems were associated with being a victim, a bully or a bully-victim. Cyberbullying showed no stronger association with psychosomatic problems than traditional bullying. Study III: Three main categories emerged from school health staff’s experience: 1) “Anti-bullying team”; 2) “Working style”; and 3) “Perspectives on bullying”. The last two each comprised two sub-categories: “Team member”/“Single worker”; and “Contextual perspective”/“Individual-oriented perspective”. Study IV showed that, regardless of gender and grade, students with a disability were more likely to be bully-victims and, more particularly, bully-victims involved in both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. No differences between disabled adolescents and others were found with respect to the association between bullying and psychosomatic health.The results show that some adolescents are more likely to experience higher levels of psychosomatic health problems than others. They also show that some adolescents are more likely to be involved in bullying, either as victims, bullies or bully-victims. This thesis also discusses contextual and individual approaches adopted by schools in preventing bullying.
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| 37. |
- Behrens, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal exposures and the risk of uveal melanoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 21:10, s. 1625-1634
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies suggest that hormonal mechanisms may be associated with the development of uveal melanoma. Therefore, the association between the risk of uveal melanoma and exposure to hormonal exposures was investigated in a case-control study from nine European countries. Incident cases of uveal melanoma were frequency-matched to population and hospital controls by country, age, and sex. Female subjects were asked about their reproductive history, use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives. Among men, occupational handling of oils while working with transformers or capacitors which contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was solicited. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were calculated, adjusting for several potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by sex. Two hundred and ninety-three cases (165 men, 128 women) and 3,198 control subjects (2,121 men, 1,077 women) were interviewed. Among women, no associations were observed with hormonal status variables, intake of hormonal therapy or intake of oral contraceptives. Men showed an increased risk with occupational exposure to transformer/capacitor oils (OR = 2.74; Bonferroni-corrected 99.3% CI 1.07-7.02). However, these results were based on few exposed subjects only. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis of a hormonal influence in the carcinogenesis of uveal melanoma. Our finding of a potentially increased risk with PCB-containing oils requires further research.
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| 38. |
- Berge, Maria, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Researching teaching and learning in engineering education
- 2011
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Ingår i: Konferens om Undervisning och Lärande 2010, Chalmers lärandecentrum..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vad kan ett analytiskt perspektiv på undervisning och lärande tillföra?Detta runda bord syftar till att presentera några exempel på pågående utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning vilken bedrivs inom ramen för Chalmers egen verksamhet. Genom att i korthet presentera de forskningsintressen och forskningsfrågor som vi arbetar med vill vi diskutera vad utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning kan tillföra Chalmers i stort.Projekten som presenteras handlar om grupparbeten i fysik, tillämpningar av webben i språklärande, studenters skrivande inom miljöteknik, samt argumentation inom bioteknik. En av de gemensamma nämnarna för våra projekt är studenters lärande.
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| 39. |
- Bergkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The process of identifying, solving and preventing drug related problems in the LIMM-study
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2210-7703 .- 2210-7711. ; 33:6, s. 1010-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To avoid negative effects of drug treatment and need for additional medical care, drug treatment must be individualised. Our research group has developed a model for clinical pharmacy which improves several aspects of the patient's drug treatment. This study describes the process behind these improvements, i.e. drug related problems identified by pharmacists within a clinical pharmacy service. Setting Three wards at a department of internal medicine. Method Pharmacists performed systematic interventions during the patient's hospital stay, aiming to identify, solve and prevent drug related problems in the elderly. Identified drug related problems were put forward to the health care team and discussed. Information on identified problems, and their outcomes was collected and analysed. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the health care personnel's attitudes towards the process. Main outcome measure The number of drug related problems identified by the clinical pharmacists, the proportion of problems discussed with the physicians, the proportion of problems adjusted by the physicians and whether pharmacists and physicians prioritised any subgroup of drug related problems when choosing which problems to address. Finally, we wanted to evaluate the health care personnel's attitudes towards the model. Results In total, 1,227 problem were identified in 190 patients. The pharmacists discussed 685 (55.8%) of the identified problems with the physicians who accepted 438 (63.9%) of the suggestions. There was no significant difference in which subgroup to put forward and which to adjust. There was a high response rate (84%) to the questionnaire, and the health care personnel estimated the benefits to be very high, both for the patients and for themselves. Conclusion The process for identifying, solving and preventing drug related problems was good and the different types of problems were considered equally important. The addition of a clinical pharmacy service was considered very useful. This suggests that the addition of our clinical pharmacy service to the hospital setting add skills of great importance.
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| 40. |
- Bergkvist, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Design Patterns - vad, hur och varför?
- 2002
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom mjukvaruindustrin går det åt mycket tid för att lösa problem som redan är lösta. Förevigandet av den här cykeln att uppfinna hjulet på nytt har delvis uppmuntrats på grund av att det inte finns någon effektiv mekanism för spridning av framgångsrika lösningar på återkommande problem. Design patterns utgör ett verktyg för att återanvända erkända lösningar och kan därmed delvis lösa detta mjukvaruproblem. Detta har väckt vårt intresse och vi har valt att koncentrera vår studie på problemformuleringen; vad, hur och varför design patterns i en utvecklingsverksamhet för mjukvara. För att få en grundläggande kunskap i ämnet har vi samlat in teori genom litteraturstudier och för att besvara vår problemformulering har vi samlat in empiri från en verksamhet. Den verksamhet som vi har valt att basera vår studie på är Ericsson Infotech AB i Karlstad. Empirin har vi samlat in genom att genomföra tre intervjuer. Respondenterna vi har intervjuat har likartad befattning och representerar tre olika avdelningar på företaget. Detta för att erhålla en mer representativ syn på verksamhetens användande av design patterns. Några av de resultat som vi har kommit fram till är att design patterns är ett beprövat sätt för att lösa designproblem samt en strategi att luta sig mot vid designarbete. Den främsta anledningen till varför verksamheten använder design patterns är för att möjliggöra återanvändning. Vad som även framkom vid vår studie var att verksamheten inte har några fasta rutiner för hur användandet av design patterns ska gå till.
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| 41. |
- Berglin, Ewa, MD, PhD, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies predate symptom onset of ANCA-associated vasculitis : a case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier. - 0896-8411 .- 1095-9157. ; 117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies [ANCA) are important for diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). The timing of antibody development is not well established. To investigate the development of proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, blood samples collected before onset of symptoms of AAV were analysed.Methods: To identify AAV patients with blood samples predating symptoms, the National Patient Register and Cause of Death register were scrutinized for ICD codes for AAV and linked to the registers of five biobanks. Diagnoses of AAV and time point for symptom onset were confirmed by reviewing 504 case-record. Eighty-five AAV cases (34 males, 51 females) with samples >1 month < 10 years from AAV symptom onset and two controls matched for sex, age, and sampling time for each case were included. Samples were screened using ELISAs for ANCA and further analysed for PR3-or MPO- specificities.Results: In ANCA-screen 35.7% of the pre-symptomatic cases and 3.5% of controls tested positive (p < 0.01). 26.2% of the cases were PR3-ANCA+ and 10.7% MPO-ANCA+. Median (Q1-Q3) predating time for PR3-ANCA+ was 2.7 (0.3–7.7) years and MPO-ANCA+ 2.0 (0.9–3.5) years. PR3-ANCA was demonstrated in samples up to nine years before symptom onset. At symptom onset predating PR3-ANCA+ cases were younger than PR3-ANCA- (P < 0.01), and MPO-ANCA+ were older than MPO-ANCA- (p < 0.05). Predating MPO-ANCA+ cases vs. MPO-ANCA- and vs. PR3-ANCA+ cases had more often at symptoms onset manifestations from lungs, kidneys or peripheral nervous system (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively).Conclusion: The PR3-and MPO-ANCAs are present years before AAV symptom onset and represent distinct diseases.
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| 42. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Gas, dust, and fumes exposure is associated with mite sensitization and with asthma in mite-sensitized adults
- 2015
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 70:5, s. 604-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupational exposure to gas, dust, and fumes (GDF) increases the risk of asthma and eczema. We investigated the role of sensitization in the association between GDF and allergic conditions. A population-based sample of 788 adults from the West Sweden Asthma Study completed questionnaires and skin prick tests. After adjustment for confounders, GDF exposure was associated with a doubled risk of sensitization to mites, but not with other allergens. Mite sensitization also modified the effect of GDF on asthma. In mite-sensitized subjects, GDF was associated with physician-diagnosed asthma, adjusted OR 2.9 (1.2-7.2), and with wheeze, OR 2.4 (1.1-5.3). In non-mite-sensitized subjects, the corresponding ORs were 1.1 (0.5-2.6) and 0.6 (0.3-1.3). GDF was independently associated with eczema regardless of mite sensitization, but not with rhinitis. These novel findings suggest that components of GDF may act as adjuvants that facilitate sensitization to mites and that mite-sensitized individuals may be especially susceptible to inhalant occupational exposures.
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| 43. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Higher Risk of Wheeze in Female than Male Smokers. Results from the Swedish GA(2)LEN Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Women who smoke have higher risk of lung function impairment, COPD and lung cancer than smoking men. An influence of sex hormones has been demonstrated, but the mechanisms are unclear and the associations often subject to confounding. This was a study of wheeze in relation to smoking and sex with adjustment for important confounders. Methods In 2008 the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) questionnaire was mailed to 45.000 Swedes (age 16–75 years), and 26.851 (60%) participated. “Any wheeze”: any wheeze during the last 12 months. “Asthmatic wheeze”: wheeze with breathlessness apart from colds. Results Any wheeze and asthmatic wheeze was reported by 17.3% and 7.1% of women, vs. 15.8% and 6.1% of men (both p<0.001). Although smoking prevalence was similar in both sexes, men had greater cumulative exposure, 16.2 pack-years vs. 12.8 in women (p<0.001). Most other exposures and characteristics associated with wheeze were significantly overrepresented in men. Adjusted for these potential confounders and pack-years, current smoking was a stronger risk factor for any wheeze in women aged <53 years, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.85 (1.56–2.19) vs. 1.60 (1.30–1.96) in men. Cumulative smoke exposure and current smoking each interacted significantly with female sex, aOR 1.02 per pack-year (p<0.01) and aOR 1.28 (p = 0.04) respectively. Female compared to male current smokers also had greater risk of asthmatic wheeze, aOR 1.53 vs. 1.03, interaction aOR 1.52 (p = 0.02). These interactions were not seen in age ≥53 years. Discussion In addition to the increased risk of COPD and lung cancer female, compared to male, smokers are at greater risk of significant wheezing symptoms in younger age. This became clearer after adjustment for important confounders including cumulative smoke exposure. Estrogen has previously been shown to increase the bioactivation of several compounds in tobacco smoke, which may enhance smoke-induced airway inflammation in fertile women.
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| 44. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in pollen sensitization in Swedish adults and protective effect of keeping animals in childhood
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 46:10, s. 1328-1336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To date, most studies of the "allergy epidemic" have been based on self-reported data. There is still limited knowledge on time trends in allergic sensitization, especially among adults.OBJECTIVE: To study allergic sensitization, its risk factors, and time trends in prevalence.METHODS: Within West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) a population-based sample of 788 adults (17-60y) underwent skin prick tests (SPT) for 11 aeroallergens 2009-2012. Specific IgE was analyzed in 750 of the participants. Those aged 20-46y (n=379) were compared with the European Community Respiratory Health Survey sample aged 20-46y from the same area (n=591) in 1991-1992.RESULTS: Among those aged 20-46y the prevalence of positive SPT to pollen increased; timothy from 17.1% to 29.0% (p<0.001) and birch from 15.6% to 23.7% (p=0.002) between 1991-1992 and 2009-2012. Measurements of specific IgE confirmed these increases. Prevalence of sensitization to all other tested allergens was unchanged. In the full WSAS sample aged 17-60y any positive SPT was seen in 41.9%, and the dominating sensitizers were pollen (34.3%), animals (22.8%) and mites (12.6%). Pollen sensitization was strongly associated with rhinitis, whereas indoor allergens were more associated with asthma. Growing up with livestock or furred pets decreased the risk of sensitization, adjusted odds ratio 0.53 (0.28-0.995) and 0.68 (0.47-0.98) respectively.CONCLUSION: Pollen sensitization has increased in Swedish adults since the early 1990's, while the prevalence of sensitization to other allergens has remained unchanged. This is one plausible explanation for the increase in rhinitis 1990-2008 in Swedish adults, during which time the prevalence of asthma, which is more associated with perennial allergens, was stable. Contact with animals in childhood seems to reduce the risk of sensitization well into adulthood. One major factor contributing to the rise in pollen allergy is a significant increase in levels of birch and grass pollen over the past three decades.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
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Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Detection of Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Surface Water by Applying Pre-PCR Processing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Food and Environmental Virology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0334 .- 1867-0342. ; 9:4, s. 395-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of waterborne RNA viruses generally requires concentration of large water volumes due to low virus levels. A common approach is to use dead-end ultrafiltration followed by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. However, this procedure often leads to the co-concentration of PCR inhibitors that impairs the limit of detection and causes false-negative results. Here, we applied the concept of pre-PCR processing to optimize RT-qPCR detection of norovirus genogroup I (GI), genogroup II (GII), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in challenging water matrices. The RT-qPCR assay was improved by screening for an inhibitor-tolerant master mix and modifying the primers with twisted intercalating nucleic acid molecules. Additionally, a modified protocol based on chaotropic lysis buffer and magnetic silica bead nucleic acid extraction was developed for complex water matrices. A validation of the modified extraction protocol on surface and drinking waters was performed. At least a 26-fold improvement was seen in the most complex surface water studied. The modified protocol resulted in average recoveries of 33, 13, 8, and 4% for mengovirus, norovirus GI, GII, and HAV, respectively. The modified protocol also improved the limit of detection for norovirus GI and HAV. RT-qPCR inhibition with Cq shifts of 1.6, 2.8, and 3.5 for norovirus GI, GII, and HAV, respectively, obtained for the standard nucleic acid extraction were completely eliminated by the modified protocol. The standard nucleic acid extraction method worked well on drinking water with no RT-qPCR inhibition observed and average recoveries of 80, 124, 89, and 32% for mengovirus, norovirus GI, GII, and HAV, respectively.
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| 49. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Elevinflytande och ledarskap i skolan
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Lärare som ledare.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075457 ; , s. 271-290
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Elevinflytande och lärares ledarskap i skolan - en fråga om didaktik och makt
- 2020. - 2:1
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Ingår i: Lärare som ledare - i och utanför klassrummet. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144133423 ; , s. 327-350
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Elevinflytande ställer stora krav på ledarskap i skolan utifrån skolans funktion som demokratisk institution, kunskapsarena och arbetsplats för många. I kapitlet ställer vi frågan om ledarskapets betydelse i förhållande till elevinflytande som didaktisk praktik. Vi belyser även några policyförändringar med betydelse för dessa frågor och presenterar en möjlig didaktisk modell för elevinflytande. Elevinflytande förstås som ett mål och ett medel länkat till skolans sammantvinnade kunskapsuppdrag och demokratiska uppdrag. Tvärtemot vad som kanske ofta antas eller förstås ställer elevinflytande som didaktisk praktik mycket stora krav på proaktivt ledarskap i klassrummet.
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