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1.	Locke, Adam E, et al. (författare) Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. 2015 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
2.	Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al. (författare) No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer 2016 Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
3.	Gaulton, Kyle J, et al. (författare) Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. 2015 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:12, s. 1415-1415 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
4.	Gilbert, F., et al. (författare) Sediment reworking by the burrowing polychaete Hediste diversicolor modulated by environmental and biological factors across the temperate North Atlantic. A tribute to Gaston Desrosiers 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981. ; 541 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Particle mixing and irrigation of the seabed by benthic fauna (bioturbation) have major impacts on ecosystem functions such as remineralization of organic matter and sediment-water exchange. As a tribute to Prof. Gaston Desrosiers by the Nereis Park association, eighteen laboratories carried out a collaborative experiment to acquire a global snapshot of particle reworking by the polychaete Hediste diversicolor at 16 sites surrounding the Northern Atlantic. Organisms and soft sediments were collected during May - July at different geographical locations and, using a common laboratory protocol, particulate fluorescent tracers (`luminophores') were used to quantify particle transport over a 10-day period. Particle mixing was quantified using the maximum penetration depth of tracers (MPD), particle diffusive coefficients (D-b), and non-local transport coefficients (r). Non-local coefficients (reflecting centimeter scale transport steps) ranged from 0.4 to 15 yr(-1), and were not correlated across sites with any measured biological (biomass, biovolume) or environmental parameters (temperature, grain size, organic matter). Maximum penetration depths (MPD) averaged similar to 10.7 cm (6.5-14.5 cm), and were similar to the global average bioturbation depth inferred from short-lived radiochemical tracers. MPD was also not correlated with measures of size (individual biomass), but increased with grain size and decreased with temperature. Bio-diffusion (D-b) correlated inversely with individual biomass (size) and directly with temperature over the environmental range (Q(10) similar to 1.7; 5-21 degrees C). The transport data were comparable in magnitude to rates reported for localized H. diversicolor populations of similar size, and confirmed some but not all correlations between sediment reworking and biological and environmental variables found in previous studies. The results imply that measures of particle reworking activities of a species from a single location can be generally extrapolated to different populations at similar conditions.
5.	van de Vegte, Yordi, et al. (författare) Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease 2023 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The genetics and clinical consequences of resting heart rate (RHR) remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors discover new genetic variants associated with RHR and find that higher genetically predicted RHR decreases risk of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
6.	Baden, Susanne P., 1952, et al. (författare) Accumulation and elimination kinetics of manganese from different tissues of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.) 1999 Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X. ; 46:2, s. 127-137 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The exposure of marine benthic animals to dissolved manganese (Mn) occurs from metalliferous outlets or the enhanced flux of dissolved manganese from sediments during hypoxia. A prerequisite to valid interpretation of manganese concentrations measured in animals in situ is a thorough understanding of accumulation and elimination rates of this metal by relevant target tissues in organisms exposed to environmentally realistic manganese concentrations. Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, accumulated manganese when exposed to solutions of < 0.06 (background), 5 and 10 mg Mn l(-1) for 20 days and was allowed to eliminate any accumulated manganese in undosed sea water for a further 20 days. During this period individual N. norvegicus were dissected into a number of components (brain, ventral ganglion, haemolymph, midgut gland, gills and exoskeleton) and the manganese concentration of each was analysed. Manganese accumulation reached a plateau after 1.25 days in all tissues except for midgut gland, which continued to accumulate manganese during the entire exposure period. In general, the manganese elimination was significantly slower than accumulation and reached a plateau after 1.25-2.5 days (except the gills) following exposure to clean sea water. The accumulation factor (AF), when compared to maximum concentrations in control and exposed animals, was highest in the haemolymph (x 88) followed by nerve tissue (x 22) at the 10 mg Mn l(-1) exposure. The concentration factor (CF), when comparing manganese accumulation in tissues (wet weight) with exposure concentration, was 1.2-3.5 and for most tissues was similar for both exposure concentrations or slightly higher in the 5 mg Mn l(-1) exposure-indicating net accumulation of manganese in all tissues with a saturation effect with increasing exposure concentrations. Thus, from these experiments it may be concluded that measured manganese concentrations in N. norvegicus give an indication of recent exposure to manganese concentrations in the bottom waters of their habitats. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
7.	Baden, Susanne P., 1952, et al. (författare) Role, routes and effects of manganese in Crustaceans 2006 Ingår i: OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY - AN ANNUAL REVIEW, VOL 44. - 0078-3218. ; 44, s. 61-83 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
8.	Baden, Susanne P., 1952, et al. (författare) Uptake, accumulation and regulation of manganese during experimental hypoxia and normoxia by the decapod Nephrops norvegicus (L.) 1995 Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. ; 31, s. 93-102 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
9.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al. (författare) Behaviour and tolerance to hypoxia in juvenile Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) of different ages 1997 Ingår i: Marine Biology. - 0025-3162. ; 128:1, s. 49-54 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The annual occurrence of hypoxia (<25% oxygen saturation) in the bottom waters along the Swedish west coast coincides with the postlarval settlement of Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.). This study investigates behaviour and the experimental effects of low oxygen concentrations in juvenile N. norvegicus of different ages. All experimental individuals were reared to the juvenile (postlarval) stage in the laboratory and then given sediment as a substratum. Behavioural responses to low oxygen concentrations were tested in early and late Postlarvae 1 exposed to normoxia (>80% oxygen saturation, pO(2) > 16.7 kPa), moderate hypoxia (30% oxygen saturation, pO(2) = 6.3 kPa) and hypoxia (25% oxygen saturation, pO(2) = 5.2 kPa). The experiments were run for a maximum period of 24 h or until individuals died. Behaviour was studied using sequential video recordings of four behavioural activities: digging, walking, inactivity or flight (escape swimming up into the water column). Behaviour and mortality changed with lowered oxygen concentrations; energetically costly activities (such as walking) were reduced, and activity in general declined. In normoxia, juveniles initially walked and then burrowed, but when exposed to hypoxia they were mainly inactive with occasional outbursts of escape swimming. To increase oxygen availability the juveniles were observed to raise their bodies on stilted legs (similar to adults in hypoxic conditions), but oxygen saturations of 25% were lethal within 24 h. The results suggest that the main gas exchanges of early postlarval stages occur over the general body surface. Burrowing behaviour was tested in Postlarvae 1 and 2 of different ages held in >80% oxygen saturation for 1 wk. The difference in time taken to complete a V-shaped depression or a U-shaped burrow was measured. The results showed a strong negative relationship between postlarval age and burrowing time, but all individuals made a burrow. Juveniles were more sensitive to hypoxia than adults. Thus, the possible consequences of episodic hypoxia for the recruitment of Nephrops norvegicus and for the recolonization of severely affected areas are discussed.
10.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al. (författare) Manganese in the haemolymph and tissues of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.), along the Swedish west coast, 1993-1995 1998 Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - 0018-8158. ; 376, s. 255-264 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spatial and temporal differences in manganese levels in Norway lobsters, Nephrops norvegicus, were compared with the concentrations of manganese in their environment. Animals were collected twice yearly (spring and autumn) from seven stations along the Swedish west coast and from one site in the Faroe Islands, during 1993-94, and analysed for manganese tissue concentration and content. Animals were also collected from the Swedish stations in the autumn of 1995 and compared with animals from a stressful environment, frequently exposed to hypoxia. There were large spatial differences and the animals collected in the Faroe Islands contained (in most tissues) one order of magnitude less manganese than the animals collected along the Swedish west coast. The manganese level of the haemolymph correlated most closely with the manganese concentration the animal was exposed to in the field. The manganese concentration of the female gonad tissue did however not differ with space nor time and remained stable around 5.1 mu g Mn g(-1) dw tissue throughout the investigation. Animals taken from an area with known repeated hypoxia in the bottom water, had high levels of manganese in especially the gills. Their mean manganese concentration was over 20 times higher (1560 mu g Mn g(-1) dw tissue) than the manganese concentration in animals from the other Swedish stations. They also had more than threefold the amount of manganese in the brain, giving a mean concentration of 193 mu g Mn g(-1) dw tissue.
11.	Eriksson, Susanne P., et al. (författare) Stress biology and immunology in Nephrops norvegicus 2013 Ingår i: The ecology and biology of <em>Nephrops norvegicus</em>. - Amsterdam : Academic Press. - 9780124104662 ; , s. 149-200 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract The Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus lives at low-light depths, in muddy substrata of high organic content where water salinities are high and fluctuations in temperature are moderate. In this environment, the lobsters are naturally exposed to a number of potential stressors, many of them as a result of the surficial breakdown of organic material in the sediment. This process (early diagenesis) creates a heterogeneous environment with temporal and spatial fluctuations in a number of compounds such as oxygen, ammonia, metals, and hydrogen sulphide. In addition to this, there are anthropogenically generated stressors, such as human-induced climate change (resulting in elevated temperature and ocean acidification), pollution and fishing. The lobsters are thus exposed to several stressors, which are strongly linked to the habitat in which the animals live. Here, the capacity of Nephrops to deal with these stressors is summarised. Eutrophication-induced hypoxia and subsequent metal remobilisation from the sediment is a well-documented effect found in some wild Nephrops populations. Compared to many other crustacean species, Nephrops is well adapted to tolerate periods of hypoxia, but prolonged or severe hypoxia, beyond their tolerance level, is common in some areas. When the oxygen concentration in the environment decreases, the bioavailability of redox-sensitive metals such as manganese increases. Manganese is an essential metal, which, taken up in excess, has a toxic effect on several internal systems such as chemosensitivity, nerve transmission and immune defence. Since sediment contains high concentrations of metals in comparison to sea water, lobsters may accumulate both essential and non-essential metals. Different metals have different target tissues, though the hepatopancreas, in general, accumulates high concentrations of most metals. The future scenario of increasing anthropogenic influences on Nephrops habitats may have adverse effects on the fitness of the animals.
12.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al. (författare) Stress Biology and Immunology in Nephrops norvegicus 2013 Ingår i: Advances in Marine Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2881. ; 64, s. 149-200 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus lives at low-light depths, in muddy substrata of high organic content where water salinities are high and fluctuations in temperature are moderate. In this environment, the lobsters are naturally exposed to a number of potential stressors, many of them as a result of the surficial breakdown of organic material in the sediment. This process (early diagenesis) creates a heterogeneous environment with temporal and spatial fluctuations in a number of compounds such as oxygen, ammonia, metals, and hydrogen sulphide. In addition to this, there are anthropogenically generated stressors, such as human-induced climate change (resulting in elevated temperature and ocean acidification), pollution and fishing. The lobsters are thus exposed to several stressors, which are strongly linked to the habitat in which the animals live. Here, the capacity of Nephrops to deal with these stressors is summarised. Eutrophication-induced hypoxia and subsequent metal remobilisation from the sediment is a well-documented effect found in some wild Nephrops populations. Compared to many other crustacean species, Nephrops is well adapted to tolerate periods of hypoxia, but prolonged or severe hypoxia, beyond their tolerance level, is common in some areas. When the oxygen concentration in the environment decreases, the bioavailability of redox-sensitive metals such as manganese increases. Manganese is an essential metal, which, taken up in excess, has a toxic effect on several internal systems such as chemosensitivity, nerve transmission and immune defence. Since sediment contains high concentrations of metals in comparison to sea water, lobsters may accumulate both essential and non-essential metals. Different metals have different target tissues, though the hepatopancreas, in general, accumulates high concentrations of most metals. The future scenario of increasing anthropogenic influences on Nephrops habitats may have adverse effects on the fitness of the animals.
13.	Eriksson, Susanne P., et al. (författare) Stress biology and immunology in Nephrops norvegicus 2013 Ingår i: The ecology and biology of Nephrops norvegicus. - Amsterdam : Academic Press. ; , s. 149-200 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract The Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus lives at low-light depths, in muddy substrata of high organic content where water salinities are high and fluctuations in temperature are moderate. In this environment, the lobsters are naturally exposed to a number of potential stressors, many of them as a result of the surficial breakdown of organic material in the sediment. This process (early diagenesis) creates a heterogeneous environment with temporal and spatial fluctuations in a number of compounds such as oxygen, ammonia, metals, and hydrogen sulphide. In addition to this, there are anthropogenically generated stressors, such as human-induced climate change (resulting in elevated temperature and ocean acidification), pollution and fishing. The lobsters are thus exposed to several stressors, which are strongly linked to the habitat in which the animals live. Here, the capacity of Nephrops to deal with these stressors is summarised. Eutrophication-induced hypoxia and subsequent metal remobilisation from the sediment is a well-documented effect found in some wild Nephrops populations. Compared to many other crustacean species, Nephrops is well adapted to tolerate periods of hypoxia, but prolonged or severe hypoxia, beyond their tolerance level, is common in some areas. When the oxygen concentration in the environment decreases, the bioavailability of redox-sensitive metals such as manganese increases. Manganese is an essential metal, which, taken up in excess, has a toxic effect on several internal systems such as chemosensitivity, nerve transmission and immune defence. Since sediment contains high concentrations of metals in comparison to sea water, lobsters may accumulate both essential and non-essential metals. Different metals have different target tissues, though the hepatopancreas, in general, accumulates high concentrations of most metals. The future scenario of increasing anthropogenic influences on Nephrops habitats may have adverse effects on the fitness of the animals.
14.	Förlin, Lars, 1950, et al. (författare) Effects of contaminants in Roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and contaminant levels in mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the Skagerrak and Kattegat compared to the Faroe Islands. 1996 Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - 1385-1101. ; 35, s. 209-222 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
15.	Nilsson Sköld, Helen, et al. (författare) Motoric impairment following manganese exposure in asteroid echinoderms 2015 Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 167, s. 31-37 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the oceans, naturally occurring manganese (Mn) is released from the sediments during events of hypoxia. While neuro- and immuno-toxic effects of bioavailable manganese are well documented for crustaceans, studies of similar effects of manganese on other marine invertebrates are comparatively few. Here, we developed a new functional test "the repeated turning assay" to investigate if manganese exposure at ∼12mgL(-1) affected motoric behaviour of two asteroid echinoderms, the Common sea star, Asterias rubens, and the Black brittle star, Ophiocomina nigra. By measuring of the turning-over capacity, from dorsal to ventral position, after one and two weeks of manganese exposure, we showed that for both species Mn exposure significantly delayed the ability to turn. After a recovery period of two weeks, the capacity of turning-over was not restored to that of unexposed animals neither for A. rubens nor for O. nigra. Further investigation of sea stars showed that Mn accumulated ∼5 fold in the tube feet, organs involved in their turning-over activity, and the high concentration remained after the recovery period. In the tube feet we also recorded an increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), here used as a proxy for neuromuscular disturbances. The results indicated that Mn induces neuromuscular disturbance in echinoderms which is important news, given that previous studies have concluded that adult echinoderms are relatively tolerant to Mn.
16.	Nilsson Sköld, Helen, 1970, et al. (författare) Motoric impairment following manganese exposure in asteroide chinoderms 2015 Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 167, s. 31-37 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the oceans, naturally occurring manganese (Mn) is released from the sediments during events of hypoxia. While neuro- and immuno-toxic effects of bioavailable manganese are well documented for crustaceans, studies of similar effects of manganese on other marine invertebrates are comparatively few. Here, we developed a new functional test “the repeated turning assay” to investigate if manganese exposure at ∼12 mg L−1 affected motoric behaviour of two asteroid echinoderms, the Common sea star, Asterias rubens, and the Black brittle star, Ophiocomina nigra. By measuring of the turning-over capacity, from dorsal to ventral position, after one and two weeks of manganese exposure, we showed that for both species Mn exposure significantly delayed the ability to turn. After a recovery period of two weeks, the capacity of turning-over was not restored to that of unexposed animals neither for A. rubens nor for O. nigra. Further investigation of sea stars showed that Mn accumulated ∼5 fold in the tube feet, organs involved in their turning-over activity, and the high concentration remained after the recovery period. In the tube feet we also recorded an increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), here used as a proxy for neuromuscular disturbances. The results indicated that Mn induces neuromuscular disturbance in echinoderms which is important news, given that previous studies have concluded that adult echinoderms are relatively tolerant to Mn.
17.	Risgaard-Petersen, N., et al. (författare) Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer 2006 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 443:7107, s. 93-96 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Benthic foraminifera are unicellular eukaryotes found abundantly in many types of marine sediments. Many species survive and possibly reproduce in anoxic habitats(1), but sustainable anaerobic metabolism has not been previously described. Here we demonstrate that the foraminifer Globobulimina pseudospinescens accumulates intracellular nitrate stores and that these can be respired to dinitrogen gas. The amounts of nitrate detected are estimated to be sufficient to support respiration for over a month. In a Swedish fjord sediment where G. pseudospinescens is the dominant foraminifer, the intracellular nitrate pool in this species accounted for 20% of the large, cell-bound, nitrate pool present in an oxygen-free zone. Similarly high nitrate concentrations were also detected in foraminifera Nonionella cf. stella and a Stainforthia species, the two dominant benthic taxa occurring within the oxygen minimum zone of the continental shelf off Chile. Given the high abundance of foraminifera in anoxic marine environments(1-3), these new findings suggest that foraminifera may play an important role in global nitrogen cycling and indicate that our understanding of the complexity of the marine nitrogen cycle is far from complete.
18.	Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al. (författare) Marin fiskodling på den svenska västkusten: Biologiska förutsättningar : Rapport nummer 1 från Vattenbrukscentrum Väst, Göteborgs universitet 2013 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I den av regeringen beställda utredningen ”Det växande Vattenbrukslandet” föreslås att ”Göteborgs universitet (GU) tillförs resurser för att fortsätta att utveckla vattenbruksrelaterad forskning när det gäller musslor, ostron och marina fiskarter”. Därför tog under 2011 företrädare inom den odlingsrelaterade fiskforskningen vid Gö- teborgs universitet initiativet till denna studie om förutsättningarna för marin fiskodling. Studien har syftet att utreda de odlingsbiologiska förutsättningarna för etablering av vattenbruk av marina fiskarter på den svenska västkusten. Målet är att den ska kunna användas som kunskapsunderlag för en framtida handlingsplan för fiskodling på västkusten, och främja kunskapsutbytet mellan den fiskodlingsrelaterade forskningen, beslutsfat- tande organ och privata entreprenörer för att utveckla konkurrenskraftiga innovationer inom vattenbruket. En central fråga för sammanhanget är vilka fiskarter det finns potential för att odla på den svenska västkusten. Vattenbruket måste vara ekonomiskt bärkraftigt och en urvalsmodell baserad på svenska marina fiskarters kg- pris i förhållande till en minsta tänkbara produktionskostnad användes därför i denna studie. Vidare bedöm- des arterna utifrån kunskapsläge och odlingspotential. Arterna hälleflundra, tunga, piggvar, havskatt (vanlig och fläckig) samt lyrtorsk och torsk bedömdes att vara ”kandidatarter” för framtida odling i Sverige. För dessa arter gjordes omfattande studier för att vidare utreda behov och möjligheter. Det gjordes även en analys av de abiotiska faktorerna (vattentemperatur, syrgas- och salthalt) på den svenska västkusten. I en sista del av studien kombinerades kunskapen om kandidatarternas biologiska förutsättningar med västkustens abiotiska faktorer. De abiotiska förhållandena på den svenska västkusten är inte odlingsbiologiskt optimala för traditionell nät- kasseodling för någon av de framtagna kandidatarterna, då för höga sommartemperaturer skapar problem för kallvattensarterna medan varmvattensarterna hämmas av de låga vintertemperaturerna. En av de huvudsak- liga slutsatserna i denna rapport är därför att året-runt-bedriven fiskodling i öppna system, såsom i kustnära nätkassar, knappast är praktiskt genomförbart på den svenska västkusten för de arter som i denna studie i övrigt ansågs ha hög odlingspotential. För etablering av framgångsrika odlingssystem behövs speciella tekniska lösningar, som möjliggör reglering av abiotiska faktorer såsom syrgashalter och temperatur. För att Sverige skall kunna bli ett växande vattenbruksland krävs samordnade insatser mellan forskare från flera discipliner, privata aktörer och andra intressenter. Dessutom krävs satsningar på forskning och utredning av de mera tekniskt avancerade odlingssystem som den svenska västkusten kommer behöva. Med tanke på miljöbelastningsproblematiken kring öppna havsbaserade system för fiskodling samt de abiotiska faktorerna längs västkusten som inte är optimala för någon av kandidatarterna i utredningen, så är slutsatsen att man bör undersöka, alternativa odlingssystem till traditionella öppna nätkassar för fiskodling, där man kan kontrollera faktorer som temperatur, salthalt och syrenivåer och minimera utsläppen. Nästa steg som föreslås är att göra en teknisk/ekonomisk utredning kring hållbara havs- eller landbaserade system för marin fiskodling. Utred- ningen bör innehålla fall-studier för en eller två fiskarter och ett kräftdjur och inkludera en myndighetspröv- ning för de framtagna koncepten. Ytterligare en förutsättning för att vattenbruket skall kunna utvecklas är satsningar på nödvändig infrastruktur, som ett marint kläckeri för forskning och utvecklingsarbete.
19.	Fullbrook, Liam R., et al. (författare) Comprehensive evaluation of passive tags show no adverse effects in an economically important crustacean 2017 Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836. ; 187, s. 209-217 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Animal tagging can reveal important information about population size, growth and survivorship, however the accuracy of this information relies on establishing that tags are retained and that there are no adverse tag-associated effects. A suite of potential effects associated with Coded Wire Tags (CWTs) was investigated in captive and in wild Nephrops norvegicus. The study included a total of 232 N. norvegicus (107 tagged and 125 untagged) which were held captive in the laboratory over 12 months. No tag loss was recorded in these captive N. norvegicus despite moulting having occurred in 77/107 tagged individuals. Recovery of tags from the initial tagging site or otherwise was compared in captive and wild animals by tagging and releasing an additional 205 N. norvegicus into Clew Bay, Co. Mayo in Ireland, and recapturing them approximately one year later. Tag movement away for the site of injection consistently occurred in ∼23% of cases (all treatments combined). In ∼10% of individuals, tags were found at the individual's extremities and, due to their precarious position, these tags would certainly have been lost during the next moult. However, tag movement was very consistent across groups organized by sex (male/female), mobility (captive/wild) and growth increment (high/low), therefore the proportion of tags lost during longer experiments is not predicted to be biased across these groupings. Mortality was not increased in tagged individuals relative to controls in large (above median) or small (below median) size classes in either males or females. In fact, mortality was reduced in tagged females of both sizes compared with the untagged group. An apparently positive effect of tags was that the frequency of moulting was higher in tagged males and females compared with their untagged counterparts. Differences in growth increment at moult were also seen in males, with tagged individuals growing up to 50% more. While the latter was conceivably a sampling artifact, the beneficial effect of tags on moulting warrants further study. Overall, the results indicate no negative effects of CWTs on N. norvegicus growth and survival.
20.	Gallo, Valentina, et al. (författare) Social Inequalities and Mortality in Europe - Results from a Large Multi-National Cohort 2012 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Socio-economic inequalities in mortality are observed at the country level in both North America and Europe. The purpose of this work is to investigate the contribution of specific risk factors to social inequalities in cause-specific mortality using a large multi-country cohort of Europeans. Methods: A total of 3,456,689 person/years follow-up of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was analysed. Educational level of subjects coming from 9 European countries was recorded as proxy for socioeconomic status (SES). Cox proportional hazard model's with a step-wise inclusion of explanatory variables were used to explore the association between SES and mortality; a Relative Index of Inequality (RII) was calculated as measure of relative inequality. Results: Total mortality among men with the highest education level is reduced by 43% compared to men with the lowest (HR 0.57, 95% C.I. 0.52-0.61); among women by 29% (HR 0.71, 95% C.I. 0.64-0.78). The risk reduction was attenuated by 7% in men and 3% in women by the introduction of smoking and to a lesser extent (2% in men and 3% in women) by introducing body mass index and additional explanatory variables (alcohol consumption, leisure physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake) (3% in men and 5% in women). Social inequalities were highly statistically significant for all causes of death examined in men. In women, social inequalities were less strong, but statistically significant for all causes of death except for cancer-related mortality and injuries. Discussion: In this European study, substantial social inequalities in mortality among European men and women which cannot be fully explained away by accounting for known common risk factors for chronic diseases are reported.
21.	Scott, Robert A., et al. (författare) An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans 2017 Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 66:11, s. 2888-2902 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including variants near the GLP2R, GIP, and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.
22.	Ungfors, Anette, 1974, et al. (författare) Marin fiskodling på den svenska västkusten: Tekniska lösningar 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.	Alexanderson, Camilla, 1978, et al. (författare) Influence of having a male twin on body mass index and risk for dyslipidemia in middle-aged and old women. 2011 Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 35, s. 1466-1469 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background:Animal experiments suggest that exposure to elevated levels of androgens during development by means of so-called hormonal programming causes metabolic aberrations at adulthood. An indirect strategy to address the possible importance of such an influence also in humans would be to study female dizygotic twins, presuming that those with a twin brother-due to diffusion of testosterone-have been exposed to higher androgen levels prenatally.Design:We have compared 8409 women with a male twin with 9166 women with a dizygotic female twin with respect to self-reported indices of anthropometry and metabolic aberrations at age 42 or older.Results:Body mass index (BMI), body weight and rate of dyslipidemia were moderately, but significantly, higher in women from opposite-sexed (OS) twin pairs; splitting for age revealed this difference to be present in those 60 years of age only.Conclusion:The results (i) support the notion that comparisons of women with a twin brother with women from same-sexed twin pairs may be used to shed light on possible long-term effects of interindividual variations in early androgen exposure, and (ii) suggest that the effects of early androgen exposure on metabolism previously observed in animal experiments are of relevance also for humans.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 8 March 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.18.
24.	Bergman, Olle, 1978, et al. (författare) Association between amygdala reactivity and a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism. 2014 Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Essential for detection of relevant external stimuli and for fear processing, the amygdala is under modulatory influence of dopamine (DA). The DA transporter (DAT) is of fundamental importance for the regulation of DA transmission by mediating reuptake inactivation of extracellular DA. This study examined if a common functional variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT gene (SLC6A3) influences amygdala function during the processing of aversive emotional stimuli. Amygdala reactivity was examined by comparing regional cerebral blood flow, measured with positron emission tomography and [(15)O]water, during exposure to angry and neutral faces, respectively, in a Swedish sample comprising 32 patients with social anxiety disorder and 17 healthy volunteers. In a separate US sample, comprising 85 healthy volunteers studied with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, amygdala reactivity was assessed by comparing the activity during exposure to threatening faces and neutral geometric shapes, respectively. In both the Swedish and the US sample, 9-repeat carriers displayed higher amygdala reactivity than 10-repeat homozygotes. The results suggest that this polymorphism contributes to individual variability in amygdala reactivity.
25.	Bergqvist, Lars, 1976-, et al. (författare) Magnetic and electronic structure of (Ga1-xMnx)As 2003 Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 67:20, s. 205201- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present theoretical calculations of the magnetic and electronic structure of Mn-doped GaAs (in the zinc-blende structure). The magnetic properties are shown to be very sensitive to structural defects, in particular, As antisite defects and Mn at interstitial positions. Only when considering such defects can the experimental magnetic moments be reproduced by first-principles theory. We present a simple model for understanding the connection between the magnetic ordering and the As antisites, and the way in which the defects help to stabilize a partial disordered local-moment state. The connection between the energetics of the Mn substitution and the As antisite concentration is also analyzed. In addition, we compare the calculated magnetic properties and electronic structures of Mn situated on substitutional sites (Mn replacing a Ga atom) and on interstitial sites, where in agreement with observations the interstitial site is found to be less favorable. Finally, combining our first-principles calculations of the spin-wave excitation energies with a classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian we have calculated interatomic exchange interactions, and using Monte Carlo simulations we present theoretical values of the critical temperature as a function of Mn concentration.
26.	De Wit, Pierre, 1978, et al. (författare) Single nucleotide polymorphisms are suitable for assessing the success of restocking efforts of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus, L.) 2022 Ingår i: Conservation Genetics Resources. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1877-7252 .- 1877-7260. ; 14:1, s. 47-52 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The European lobster (Homarus gammarus) forms the base of an important fishery along the coasts of Europe. However, stocks have been in decline for many years, prompting new regulations in the fishery and also restocking efforts. An important feature of any restocking effort is the assessment of success in the number of released juveniles that stay and become adult over time. Here, we tested the power of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA marker panel developed for population assignment to correctly infer parentage on the maternal side of lobster larvae, in the absence of known fathers, using lobsters included in a current restocking effort on the Swedish west coast. We also examined the power to reconstruct the unknown paternal genotypes, and examined the number of fathers for each larval clutch. We found that the 96-SNP panel, despite only containing 78 informative markers, allowed us to assign all larvae to the correct mother. Furthermore, with ten genotyped larvae or more, confident paternal genotypes could be reconstructed. We also found that 15 out of 17 clutches were full siblings, whereas two clutches had two fathers. To our knowledge, this is the first time a SNP panel of this size has been used to assess parentage in a crustacean restocking effort. Our conclusion is that the panel works well, and that it could be an important tool for the assessment of restocking success of H. gammarus in the future.
27.	Ellis, C. D., et al. (författare) Crossing the pond: genetic assignment detects lobster hybridisation 2020 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract American lobsters (Homarus americanus) imported live into Europe as a seafood commodity have occasionally been released or escaped into the wild, within the range of an allopatric congener, the European lobster (H. gammarus). In addition to disease and competition, introduced lobsters threaten native populations through hybridisation, but morphological discriminants used for species identification are unable to discern hybrids, so molecular methods are required. We tested an array of 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for their utility to distinguish 1,308H. gammarus from 38H. americanus and 30 hybrid offspring from an American female captured in Sweden. These loci provide powerful species assignment in Homarus, enabling the robust identification of hybrid and American individuals among a survey of European stock. Moreover, a subset panel of the 12 most powerful SNPs is sufficient to separate the two pure species, even when tissues have been cooked, and can detect the introduced component of hybrids. We conclude that these SNP loci can unambiguously identify hybrid lobsters that may be undetectable via basic morphology, and offer a valuable tool to investigate the prevalence of cryptic hybridisation in the wild. Such investigations are required to properly evaluate the potential for introgression of alien genes into European lobster populations.
28.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964 (författare) Differences in the condition of Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus (L.)) from trawled and creeled fishing areas 2006 Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-1000 .- 1745-1019. ; 2:1, s. 52-58 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The condition of trawled and creeled Norway lobsters, Nephrops norvegicus, was compared in individuals caught along the Swedish west coast. Female and male N. norvegicus were collected from trawled and creeled areas in the spring and autumn. Their nutritional state was determined by analysing individuals for haemocyanin concentration, the dry weight/wet weight relationship in muscle and hepatopancreas and the percentage dry weight of muscle and hepatopancreas of total animal dry weight. All parameters were measured on an individual basis and checked for size dependence. Creeled individuals were generally found to be in better condition than individuals from trawled areas, and animal condition increased from spring to autumn. Autumn males from creeled sites were overall in the best condition, having the highest mean haemocyanin concentration, muscle and hepatopancreas dry weight/wet weight relationship and percentage dry weight of muscle tissue. Claw symmetry ( paired cutters) was suggested as an indicator of limb loss, with the highest occurrence found in females from trawled sites. Crusher absence had no effect on the animal's individual percentage dry weight of muscle, although the mean was lower in trawled females than in other groups. Resource limitation and physical stress are discussed as possible underlying factors affecting the observed differences.
29.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al. (författare) Effects of copper and hypoxia on two populations of the benthic amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) 1994 Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. ; 29, s. 73-81 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
30.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al. (författare) Episodic disturbance events modify predator-prey interactions in soft sediments 2005 Ingår i: Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714. ; 64:2-3, s. 289-294 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Physical disturbance events are common in shallow soft-sediment habitats and can have significant effects on predator-prey interactions. While several studies have reported on predator aggregations following disturbance events, few studies have investigated the mechanisms and interactive effects of predation and physical disturbance on prey survival in shallow soft-sediment habitats. In this study the interactive effects of sediment resuspension and predation by two contrasting epibenthic predator species were tested on the survival of the amphipod Corophium volutator in a laboratory experiment. The shrimp Crangon crangon and juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa were used as predators, both numerical dominants in shallow soft sediments on the Swedish west coast. In addition we quantified epibenthic predator aggregation in the field following small-scale disturbances. In the laboratory, synergistic negative effects of predation and non-lethal disturbance on Corophium survival were found with both predator species, and rapid aggregation of several mobile epibenthic predator species following disturbance was demonstrated in the field. Abundances of C. crangon, the numerically dominant predator in the field, were doubled in disturbed patches within 2 min following disturbance. Our study emphasises the importance of considering episodic small-scale disturbances when interpreting predation effects and trophic interactions in shallow soft-sediment systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
31.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al. (författare) Is brood care in Nephrops norvegicus during hypoxia adaptive or a waste of energy? 2006 Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 20:6, s. 1097-1104 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract 1. We examined if the lobster Nephrops norvegicus exhibits active brood care and if oxygen shortage modifies such behaviour. Furthermore, adult caring behaviour was related to embryonic tolerance and cardiac response of developing embryos. 2. Brood care behaviour was measured as irrigation (pleopod activity) in ovigerous and non-ovigerous females when exposed to normoxia and acute hypoxia. Survival and heart rate was analysed in embryos when exposed to acute and chronic progressive hypoxia. 3. Females carrying eggs in late developmental stages exhibited brood irrigation in normoxic conditions (> 90% oxygen saturation) and the behaviour was also initiated in females with early eggs when exposed to hypoxia (30%) oxygen saturation). 4. Both early and late embryos survived acute exposure to 5-95% oxygen saturation Early embryos also survived chronic progressive exposure down to 5% oxygen saturation, while late embryos displayed premature hatching (< 16% oxygen saturation) and decreased survival rate (< 7% oxygen saturation). Late embryos exhibited a linear bradycardia, when exposed to < 30% oxygen saturation Heartbeat pausing (intermittence) was frequent at high oxygen concentrations, whereas double heartbeats mainly occurred at < 20% oxygen saturation.
32.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964 (författare) Marine animal-sediment interactions: Effects of hypoxia and manganese on the benthic crustacean, Nephrops Norvegicus (L.) 1998 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
33.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964 (författare) Temporal variations of manganese in the haemolymph and tissues of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.) 2000 Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X. ; 48:2-3, s. 297-307 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, lives on sediments rich in manganese (Mn) and any dissolved Mn2+ can readily be taken up by the animal. To investigate temporal fluctuations of bioavailable Mn, a N. norvegicus fishing ground on the Swedish west coast was repeatedly sampled every 2 months from September 1992 to November 1994. The lobsters collected contained on average 91.7 mu g Mn g(-1) dry wt. (S.E. 4.2, n = 156). The oxygen saturation of the bottom water proved to be negatively correlated with both the temperature of the water and the Mn (concentration and total content) of the animal's haemolymph. The temporal fluctuations in animal Mn load were however, small compared to spatial differences found in an earlier study. There was an increase in the Mn concentration of the lobster exoskeleton (from 56 to 340 mu g Mn g(-1) dry wt, exoskeleton) and gills (from 34 to 160 mu g Mn g(-1) dry wt. gill) in postmoult animals compared to premoult. The Mn concentrations of the lobsters' hepatopancreas and muscle tissue remained relatively constant throughout the moult cycle and appear to be more conservative in their Mn concentration and less affected by exposure to Mn. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
34.	Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964 (författare) Variations of manganese in the eggs of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.) 2000 Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X. ; 48:2-3, s. 291-295 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, lives on sediments rich in manganese (Mn). Temporal fluctuations of Mn in the eggs of N. norvegicus was investigated, both in the field and in laboratory experiments. Female gonads and external eggs of different developmental stages were measured for Mn. The Mn concentration during oocyte maturation and throughout most of the embryogenesis (after fertilisation) remained stable around 5 mu g Mn g(-1) dry wt. egg. At the end of the embryonic development (about 6 months after fertilisation) the Mn concentration of the egg started to increase and had at the time of hatching reached concentrations of 120 mu g Mn g(-1) dry wt. egg. The egg shell was at this stage highly permeable and Mn was taken up by the embryo and egg shell in equal amounts. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
35.	Hinchcliffe, James, 1992, et al. (författare) Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster Homarus gammarus post-larva reared on novel feeds 2020 Ingår i: Aquaculture Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1355-557X .- 1365-2109. ; 51:1, s. 102-113 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One approach to ongrow juvenile European lobster, Homarus gammarus, is to utilize land based rearing systems, incorporating automated feeding, individual culture and provision of stable pelleted feeds, preferably using sustainable ingredients. We initiated three feeding experiments to investigate the general suitability of ingredients produced from seafood by-products as novel feeds for H. gammarus, in terms of promoting survival, development and growth of post-larval lobsters from post-larvae (PL) stage IV to the first juvenile stage (stage V). The first experiment was designed to screen an array of candidate, locally produced, novel protein sources on growth performance parameters. This initial experiment revealed that PL reared on a raw (i.e. wet, unprocessed shrimp) feed used as a reference showed superior performance to those reared on experimental feeds containing fishmeal, herring protein isolate or mussel meal; however, a novel type of shrimp meal, produced by flocculation from waste water, promoted the best PL performance of any experimental feed. A second experiment was designed to test the effect of drying method and to optimize the form of a wet shrimp reference feed used by lobster hatcheries. This showed that the performance of PL reared on experimental freeze-dried shrimp feed was not significantly different to those reared on the wet, unprocessed shrimp used as a reference feed. However, lobsters offered experimental oven-dried shrimp feed (with or without an immune supplement) resulted in significantly lower survival or growth performance. A third and final experiment was designed in an attempt to improve a candidate herring-based protein source, by supplementing with nutrients found in shrimp. However, the results showed that PL reared on the wet reference shrimp feed still showed superior growth and survival than those reared on a herring feed alone, or supplemented with additives found in shrimp meal (either glucosamine, astaxanthin or both supplements combined). The high survival and growth, low incidence of moulting problems and high availability of waste shrimp material, suggest that non-heat-treated shrimp products are a promising feed ingredient for post-larval European lobsters.
36.	Johannesson, Kerstin, 1955, et al. (författare) Ten years of marine evolutionary biology - challenges and achievements of a multidisciplinary research initiative 2023 Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - : Wiley. - 1752-4571. ; 16:2, s. 530-41 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was established in 2008 through a 10-year research grant of 8.7 m€ to a team of senior researchers. Today, CeMEB members have contributed >500 scientific publications, 30 PhD theses and have organised 75 meetings and courses, including 18 three-day meetings and four conferences. What are the footprints of CeMEB, and how will the centre continue to play a national and international role as an important node of marine evolutionary research? In this perspective arcticle we first look back over the 10 years of CeMEB activities and briefly survey some of the many achievements of CeMEB. We furthermore compare the initial goals, as formulated in the grant application, with what has been achieved, and discuss challenges and milestones along the way. Finally, we bring forward some general lessons that can be learnt from a research funding of this type, and we take also look ahead, discussing how CeMEB’s achievements and lessons can be used as a springboard to the future of marine evolutionary biology.
37.	Lindqvist, Stina, 1981, et al. (författare) Activities by Hediste diversicolor under different light regimes: Experimental quantification of particle reworking using time-resolved imaging 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981. ; 448, s. 240-249 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Particle reworking by the ragworm Hediste diversicolor was assessed by quantifying the transport of fluorescent particles (luminophores) added to the surface sediment during a 10 day experiment. Plexiglass cores and thin glass aquaria with fauna and controls were exposed to either 12 hour light/dark cycles or constant darkness. Luminophore distributions were evaluated by side-view imaging of the aquaria together with destructive sectioning and quantification of tracer distributions in both types of microcosms at the end of experiments. Tracer distributions were evaluated by the gallery-diffusor model, from which the biodiffusion (Db) and the non-local transport (r) coefficients were determined. In addition, the maximum penetration depth (MPD) of luminophores, the 2-D redistribution coefficient, and the transport rate were used as a suite of proxies to quantify particle reworking by fauna. All measured reworking proxies demonstrated a general decrease in transport of luminophores in darkness compared to light/dark cycles. The difference was significant for proxies determined from sectioning. Imaging of particle transport demonstrated that rates were ~ 30% higher during light/dark cycles, with ~ constant amount of particles transported on a daily basis. The effect of light was consistent in the two microcosm types. However, there was a significant difference in Db, while r and MPD were not significantly different between the cores and aquaria. Overall, these results suggest a light-triggered surface feeding by H. diversicolor. Our study highlights the importance of experimental settings for quantification of particle transport by fauna, and that light conditions and types of experimental microcosms need to be carefully considered during investigations of bioturbation in illuminated environments.
38.	Lindqvist, Stina, 1981, et al. (författare) Imaging particle resistribution in bioturbated surface marine sediments 2008 Ingår i: Nereis Park 2nd conference on bioturbation, Renesse, The Netherlands. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
39.	Powell, Adam, 1981, et al. (författare) Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster larvae, Homarus gammarus, reared on dry feed and conspecifics 2017 Ingår i: Aquaculture Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1355-557X .- 1365-2109. ; 48:10, s. 5300-5310 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A bottleneck of crustacean larval culture concerns nutrition and associated cannibalism in communal rearing systems, which impact on larval survival, development and growth. For early stage European lobster, Homarus gammarus larvae, feeding ecology and body composition is largely unknown. We initiated four progressive feeding experiments (novel feed types, feeding regime and feed size) on growth and survival, to inform and update husbandry protocols. Performance of larvae offered a dry commercial feed was not significantly different compared to a conventional wet plankton feed of the same ration and size grade (both within 600-1000 µm). Further experiments found that the same ration of dry feed offered 6 times daily improved development and growth, over the conventional regime of 3 times daily. Small grade dry feed (particles 250-360 µm) improved larval performance compared to a larger feed (360-650 µm). Larvae were also fed different proportions of dry feed and/or conspecifics in both communal and individual rearing systems (the latter preventing cannibalism via segregation). Individually reared larvae, fed only dead conspecifics, displayed the greatest survival (80%) to post larvae. This underlines the impact of cannibalism on survival and nutrition in H. gammarus larviculture. A final experiment analysed H. gammarus zoea 1 composition, identifying deficiencies in ash and carbohydrate in lobster feeds. This suggests a need for a species specific, formulated dry feed for H. gamarus larviculture. Our research represents the first investigation of H. gammarus larval composition and dietary requirements, and highlights decreased growth potential associated with providing nutrition solely from generic commercial feed.
40.	Powell, Adam, 1981, et al. (författare) Reproduction: Life Cycle, Larvae and Larviculture 2013 Ingår i: Advances in Marine Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2881. ; 64, s. 201-245 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nephrops norvegicus represents a very valuable fishery across Europe, and the species possesses a relatively complex life cycle and reproductive biology across spatial and temporal scales. Insights into embryonic and larval biology, and associated abiotic and biotic factors that influence recruitment, are important since this will affect population and species success. Much of the fishery, and indeed scientific sampling, is reliant on trawling, which is likely to cause direct and indirect stresses on adults and developing embryos. We have collated evidence, including that garnered from laboratory studies, to assess the likely effects on reproduction and population. Using know-how from hatchery operations in similar species such as Homarus sp., we also seek to optimise larviculture that could be commercialised to create a hatchery and thus assist stock remediation. This review chapter is therefore divided into three sections: (1) general N. norvegicus reproductive biology, (2) life cycle and larval biology and (3) a comprehensive review of all rearing attempts for this species to date, including a likely way forward for pilot scale and hence commercial restocking operations. ELLO P, 1982, CRUSTACEANA, V43, P13
41.	Powell, Adam, 1981, et al. (författare) Stress response according to transport protocol in Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus 2017 Ingår i: Crustacean Research. - : Carcinological Society of Japan. - 0287-3478 .- 2189-5317. ; 46, s. 17-24 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is a valuable and commonly exported European decapod crustacean, which experiences stress from point of capture and onward transport. Stressors such as air exposure duration (i.e. emersion period) and air temperature have been studied previously. We investigated whether mortality could be reduced by decreasing road vibrations during transport, and how physiological stress measurements were influenced in a transport simulation experiment, reflecting a typical short road journey along a supply chain. Baseline haemolymph samples were taken from lobsters sampled immediately after commercial capture using static traps (lobster pots). Individuals were emersed for one hour, either immobile or with continuous shaking; the latter to simulate conditions occurring during transport. Both treatments significantly increased Total Haemocyte Counts (THC) and serum glucose, lactate and ammonium concentrations compared to baseline animals. Individuals subjected to continuous shaking showed higher glucose and ammonium concentrations compared to individuals maintained immobile. We conclude that shaking appears to influence the physiological responses of N. norvegicus in addition to the effects of emersion alone, and the reduction of road vibrations (e.g. via simple cushioning) can reduce post-transport mortality.
42.	Ramesh, Kirti, et al. (författare) Photographic characterisation of acidification-induced larval malformations in the European lobster Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Nephropidae) 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Crustacean Biology. - 0278-0372 .- 1937-240X. ; 43:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Occurrence of developmental malformations is of interest since they potentially influence organismal performance and fitness. We report an increased incidence (∼ 46 fold) of physical malformations in the larvae of the American lobster Homarus Gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758) in response to seawater acidification (-0.58 pH units relative to nominal pH 8.0). We observed three malformations under the influence of seawater acidification previously undescribed in lobster larvae: a flared carapace, twisted tail, and cross claw. Larvae reared under seawater acidification exhibit significantly lower survivorship (by ∼14%) and the occurrence of a malformation decreases survivorship (12.7%). Larvae with four types of malformations did not progress through development to reach post-larval stages. Namely, these malformations were a flared carapace, curled carapace, twisted tail, and cross claw. Results from this study provide photographic documentation of various lobster larval malformations that ultimately affect individual success and can be applied for quality-control in hatcheries.
43.	Schunk, Stefan J., et al. (författare) Genetically determined NLRP3 inflammasome activation associates with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular mortality 2021 Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:18, s. 1742-1756 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AimsInflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Components of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway such as interleukin-1β can therapeutically be targeted. Associations of genetically determined inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation with CVD and mortality in humans are unknown.Methods and resultsWe explored the association of genetic NLRP3 variants with prevalent CVD and cardiovascular mortality in 538 167 subjects on the individual participant level in an explorative gene-centric approach without performing multiple testing. Functional relevance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been evaluated in monocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Genetic analyses identified the highly prevalent (minor allele frequency 39.9%) intronic NLRP3 variant rs10754555 to affect NLRP3 gene expression. rs10754555 carriers showed significantly higher C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A plasma levels. Carriers of the G allele showed higher NLRP3 inflammasome activation in isolated human PBMCs. In carriers of the rs10754555 variant, the prevalence of coronary artery disease was significantly higher as compared to non-carriers with a significant interaction between rs10754555 and age. Importantly, rs10754555 carriers had significantly higher risk for cardiovascular mortality during follow-up. Inflammasome inducers (e.g. urate, triglycerides, apolipoprotein C3) modulated the association between rs10754555 and mortality.ConclusionThe NLRP3 intronic variant rs10754555 is associated with increased systemic inflammation, inflammasome activation, prevalent coronary artery disease, and mortality. This study provides evidence for a substantial role of genetically driven systemic inflammation in CVD and highlights the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target.
44.	Sjöström, Maria, et al. (författare) A Switch of Dialect as Disguise 2006 Ingår i: Working Papers. ; 52, s. 113-116 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Criminals may purposely try to hide their identity by using a voice disguise such as imitating another dialect. This paper empirically investigates the power of dialect as an attribute that listeners use when identifying voices and how a switch of dialect affects voice identification. In order to delimit the magnitude of the perceptual significance of dialect and the possible impact of dialect imitation, a native bidialectal speaker was the target speaker in a set of four voice line-up experiments, two of which involved a dialect switch. Regardless of which dialect the bidialectal speaker spoke he was readily recognized. When the familiarization and target voices were of different dialects, it was found that the bidialectal speaker was significantly less well recognized. Dialect is thus a key feature for speaker identification that overrides many other features of the voice. Whether imitated dialect can be used for voice disguise to the same degree as native dialect switching demands further research.
45.	Spicer, J. I., et al. (författare) Does the development of respiratory regulation always accompany the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic fossorial postlarvae in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.)? 2003 Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - 0022-0981. ; 295:2, s. 219-243 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ability to regulate O-2 uptake during exposure to acutely declining PO2S co-occurred with metamorphosis from a planktonic to a benthic existence in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus when cultured under normoxic conditions in the laboratory. The onset of this regulation appears to be related to the presence of a hypoxia-related hyperventilation of extrabranchial exchange surfaces (telson/uropods) by the pleopods and a shift from a low to a high He O-2 affinity. This co-occured with a dramatic calcification of the exoskeleton at metamorphosis, which will restrict gas exchange over the general body surface. Evidence marshalled here points to a shift from a pleopod-based, hypoxia-related, hyperventilation of the uropods/telson as gas exchange surfaces to, in later postlarval stages, a scaphognathitc-based response, where the gills are the main areas for gas exchange. This is the first time that experimental evidence has been put forward for the use of uropods/telson by larval lobsters as extrabranchial gas exchange surfaces. Pre-exposure of larval and postlarval N. norvegicus to reduced P-O2, both in the laboratory and in the field, resulted in the "adult" pattern of M-O2, regulation present during exposure to declining P-O2 being established before metamorphosis. Bringing the ontogeny of this regulation forward in the development itinerary was to some extent a result of a shift from a low to a high He O-2 affinity well before metamorphosis and an increase in the magnitude of the hypoxia-related hyperventilatory response in the planktonic larval stages. Thus, the development of respiratory regulation does not always accompany the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic fossorial larvae in N. norvegicus as its onset can be influenced prevailing O-2 conditions, both in the laboratory and the field. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
46.	Styf, Hannah K, 1983, et al. (författare) Embryonic response to long-term exposure of the marine crustacean Nephrops norvegicus to ocean acidification and elevated temperature 2013 Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 3:15, s. 5055-5065 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, our oceans have gradually become warmer and more acidic. To better understand the consequences of this, there is a need for long-term (months) and multistressor experiments. Earlier research demonstrates that the effects of global climate change are specific to species and life stages. We exposed berried Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus), during 4 months to the combination of six ecologically relevant temperatures (5–18°C) and reduced pH (by 0.4 units). Embryonic responses were investigated by quantifying proxies for development rate and fitness including: % yolk consumption, mean heart rate, rate of oxygen consumption, and oxidative stress. We found no interactions between temperature and pH, and reduced pH only affected the level of oxidative stress significantly, with a higher level of oxidative stress in the controls. Increased temperature and % yolk consumed had positive effects on all parameters except on oxidative stress, which did not change in response to temperature. There was a difference in development rate between the ranges of 5–10°C (Q10: 5.4) and 10–18°C (Q10: 2.9), implicating a thermal break point at 10°C or below. No thermal limit to a further increased development rate was found. The insensitivity of N. norvegicus embryos to low pH might be explained by adaptation to a pH-reduced external habitat and/or internal hypercapnia during incubation. Our results thus indicate that this species would benefit from global warming and be able to withstand the predicted decrease in ocean pH in the next century during their earliest life stages. However, future studies need to combine low pH and elevated temperature treatments with hypoxia as hypoxic events are frequently and increasingly occurring in the habitat of benthic species.
47.	Wilhelmson, Anna S K, et al. (författare) Androgen Receptors in Epithelial Cells Regulate Thymopoiesis and Recent Thymic Emigrants in Male Mice 2020 Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Androgens have profound effects on T cell homeostasis, including regulation of thymic T lymphopoiesis (thymopoiesis) and production of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), i. e., immature T cells that derive from the thymus and continue their maturation to mature naive T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Here we investigated the androgen target cell for effects on thymopoiesis and RTEs in spleen and lymph nodes. Male mice with a general androgen receptor knockout (G-ARKO), T cell-specific (T-ARKO), or epithelial cell-specific (E-ARKO) knockout were examined. G-ARKO mice showed increased thymus weight and increased numbers of thymic T cell progenitors. These effects were not T cell-intrinsic, since T-ARKO mice displayed unaltered thymus weight and thymopoiesis. In line with a role for thymic epithelial cells (TECs), E-ARKO mice showed increased thymus weight and numbers of thymic T cell progenitors. Further, E-ARKO mice had more CD4(+)and CD8(+)T cells in spleen and an increased frequency of RTEs among T cells in spleen and lymph nodes. Depletion of the androgen receptor in epithelial cells was also associated with a small shift in the relative number of cortical (reduced) and medullary (increased) TECs and increased CCL25 staining in the thymic medulla, similar to previous observations in castrated mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the thymic epithelium is a target compartment for androgen-mediated regulation of thymopoiesis and consequently the generation of RTEs.
48.	Wittkowski, M., et al. (författare) Aperture synthesis imaging of the carbon AGB star R Sculptoris: Detection of a complex structure and a dominating spot on the stellar disk 2017 Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 601 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aims. We present near-infrared interferometry of the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star R Sculptoris (R Scl). Methods. We employ medium spectral resolution K-band interferometry obtained with the instrument AMBER at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and H-band low spectral resolution interferometric imaging observations obtained with the VLTI instrument PIONIER. We compare our data to a recent grid of dynamic atmosphere and wind models. We compare derived fundamental parameters to stellar evolution models. Results. The visibility data indicate a broadly circular resolved stellar disk with a complex substructure. The observed AMBER squared visibility values show drops at the positions of CO and CN bands, indicating that these lines form in extended layers above the photosphere. The AMBER visibility values are best fit by a model without a wind. The PIONIER data are consistent with the same model. We obtain a Rosseland angular diameter of 8.9 ± 0.3 mas, corresponding to a Rosseland radius of 355 ± 55 R?, an effective temperature of 2640 ± 80 K, and a luminosity of log L/L? = 3.74 ± 0.18. These parameters match evolutionary tracks of initial mass 1.5 ± 0.5 M? and current mass 1.3 ± 0.7 M?. The reconstructed PIONIER images exhibit a complex structure within the stellar disk including a dominant bright spot located at the western part of the stellar disk. The spot has an H-band peak intensity of 40% to 60% above the average intensity of the limb-darkening-corrected stellar disk. The contrast between the minimum and maximum intensity on the stellar disk is about 1:2.5. Conclusions. Our observations are broadly consistent with predictions by dynamic atmosphere and wind models, although models with wind appear to have a circumstellar envelope that is too extended compared to our observations. The detected complex structure within the stellar disk is most likely caused by giant convection cells, resulting in large-scale shock fronts, and their effects on clumpy molecule and dust formation seen against the photosphere at distances of 2-3 stellar radii. © ESO, 2017.
49.	Wood, Hannah L., 1980, et al. (författare) Health and population dependent effects of ocean acidification on the marine isopod Idotea balthica 2014 Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 161:10, s. 2423-2431 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Three populations of the grazing isopod Idotea balthica were exposed to high CO2 treatment for a period of 20 days to investigate the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on animal health and immunocompetence. The results of the populations from more saline habitats were comparable and showed a 60–80 % decrease in immune response as a result of the high CO2 treatment. Analysis of protein carbonyls showed no treatment effect, indicating that short-term OA does not increase oxidative protein damage. Meanwhile, the third tested population from the lower saline Baltic Sea had higher background protein carbonyl levels. Ocean acidification in addition to this resulted in 100 % mortality. The results of this study show that OA reduced immunocompetence of this marine isopod. In addition, populations and individuals in poor health are potentially at greater risk to succumb under OA.
50.	Wood, Hannah L., 1980, et al. (författare) Physiological plasticity is key to the presence of the isopod Idotea baltica (Pallas) in the Baltic Sea 2014 Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-1101. ; 85, s. 255-262 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The low salinity of the Baltic Sea presents a physiological challenge to marine species. The marine isopod Idotea baltica is notably dominant among the shallow sublittoral of the Baltic Sea in association with Fucus vesiculosus, with permanent populations documented in salinities as low as 3 psu. To investigate the role of physiological plasticity in the successful colonisation of the Baltic by I. baltica three populations from the Swedish coast were here studied, one from the Kattegat (Malmö) and two from the Baltic Sea (Kalmar and Öregrund). These three sites cover the geographic range of this species within the Baltic Sea on the Swedish coast, and also the salinity range of this species within the Baltic Sea (10–5 psu). Individuals from these populations were exposed in the laboratory to a fully crossed experiment with the factors salinity and food source, to test for differences in the physiology of these populations under different conditions that may indicate local adaptation, or no differences that indicate physiological plasticity to differing salinity and food source. Metabolic rate, growth and thermal tolerance responses did not differ between the three populations across salinity treatments after a 12 week exposure. The results of this study indicate that the physiology of adult I. baltica is highly plastic with regard to salinity; this plasticity is likely to have facilitated their colonisation of the Baltic Sea.

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