1. |
- Cox Eriksson, Christine, 1956-
(författare)
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Children's Vocabulary Development : The role of parental input, vocabulary composition and early communicative skills
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to examine the early vocabulary development of a sample of Swedish children in relation to parental input and early communicative skills. Three studies are situated in an overall description of early language development in children. The data analyzed in the thesis was collected within a larger project at Stockholm University (SPRINT- “Effects of enhanced parental input on young children’s vocabulary development and subsequent literacy development” [VR 2008-5094]).Data analysis was based on parental report via SECDI, the Swedish version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, and audio recordings. One study examined parental verbal interaction characteristics in three groups of children with varying vocabulary size at 18 months. The stability of vocabulary development at 18 and 24 months was investigated in a larger study, with focus on children’s vocabulary composition and grammatical abilities. The third study examined interrelations among early gestures, receptive and productive vocabulary, and grammar measured with M3L, i.e. three longest utterances, from 12 to 30 months.Overall results of the thesis highlight the importance of early language development. Variability in different characteristics in parental input is associated with variability in child vocabulary size. Children with large early vocabularies exhibit the most stability in vocabulary composition and the earliest grammatical development. Children’s vocabulary composition may reflect individual stylistic variation. Use of early gestures is associated differentially with receptive and productive vocabulary.Results of the thesis have implications for parents, child- and healthcare personnel, as well as researchers and educational practitioners. The results underscore the importance of high quality in adult-child interaction, with rich input fine-tuned to children’s developmental levels and age, together with high awareness of early language development.
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2. |
- Erikson, Martin G, et al.
(författare)
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Från Högskolan i Borås till Humboldt, volym 4
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport består av åtta kapitel baserade på en seminarieserie om akademiskt ansvar, som arrangerades av Högskolan i Borås under 2015 och 2016. Seminarierna utgjorde den fjärde omgången av de så kallade Humboldtseminarierna, som högskolan arrangerat i olika omgångar sedan 2010. Vid Humboldtseminarierna har aktuella frågor kring akademins möjligheter och utmaningar belysts utifrån olika teman, inte minst kopplat till samhällets förväntningar på forskning och högre utbildning. I det perspektivet blev akademiskt ansvar ett naturligt tema för den fjärde och avslutande omgången av Humboldtseminarierna. Just kopplingen till samhällsnytta är också en röd tråd igenom rapporten. Författarna skriver utifrån skilda erfarenheter som forskare, lärare och akademiska ledare – inte minst är rektorsperspektivet väl företrätt. Ett annat återkommande ämne är kopplingen mellan akademiskt ansvar och akademisk frihet, där ansvaret inte minst bidrar till att legitimera friheten. Kollegialitet är en viktig fråga för flera av författarna, både som princip för kvalitetsstyrning och som beslutsform. Sammantaget visar de olika bidragen att akademiskt ansvar berör många frågor av stor relevans för forskare, lärare, ledare och studenter, men också för intressenter utanför akademin. Där har författarnas bidrag goda möjligheter att ge nya insikter och inspirera till fortsatta diskussioner inom många olika områden.
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3. |
- Eriksson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists' perceptions of implementing a client-centered intervention in close collaboration with researchers : A mixed methods study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:2, s. 142-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Integration of research-based knowledge in health care is challenging. Occupational therapists (OTs) need to implement new research-based interventions in clinical practice. Therefore it is crucial to recognize and understand the factors of specific barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation process. Aim: To identify the key factors important for OTs during the implementation process of a complex intervention.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with a combination of qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed method design. Forty-one OTs and 23 managers from three county councils in Sweden, responded to a questionnaire one year after the OTs participation in a workshop to prepare for implementation of a client-centered activity of daily living intervention for persons with stroke.Results: Over 70% of the OTs benefitted from reading and discussing articles in the workshop; 60% had faith in the intervention; 69% reported usability of the intervention. High level of support from managers was reported, but less from team members. The therapists' interaction, perceptions of own efforts and contextual influence affected the implementation process.Conclusion: The workshop context with facilitation and access to evidence, supportive organizations and teams, sufficient interaction with researchers and satisfying self-image were successful key factors when involved in research.
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4. |
- Schwan, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Colonization with potentially pathogenic respiratory tract bacteria : a household study
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 7:4, s. 203-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of 235 persons (180 adults and 55 children 0-15 years old) recorded symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection daily during two three-month periods (autumn 1986 and spring 1987). Samples for culture were taken from the nasopharynx and throat once during each period. Fifteen per cent of asymptomatic subjects harboured respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx, as did 28% of those subjects with minor respiratory tract infections and 46% of those with more severe respiratory tract infections. Of children up to seven years of age, 58% were colonized with potential respiratory pathogens, which is important to keep in mind when evaluating culture reports from young children. Adults living with young children were colonized significantly more often than other adults. Branhamella catarrhalis was the most common pathogen.
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5. |
- Ahlstrand, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Erfarna lärares engagemang : livsberättelser som retrospektiv reflektion
- 2008. - 1
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Ingår i: Läraren i blickpunkten<em> </em>. - Stockholm : Lärarförbundets Förlag. - 9789197659895 - 9197659894 ; , s. 189-205
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lärares arbete är komplext och kan beskrivas på olika sätt beroende på vilken utgångspunkt man väljer. I takt med att det ställs allt högre krav på lärare att utgå från en vetenskaplig bas i arbetet, behövs också fler redskap och begrepp för att förstå och förklara läraryrket. Hur ser arbetsprocesserna ut? Vad formar yrket? Vilka insatser kan göras för att förbättra verksamheten? Den här antologin presenterar femton sätt att se på lärares liv och arbete med hjälp av olika teoretiska perspektiv.Boken vänder sig till lärare och blivande lärare samt till alla som är intresserade av kunskapsutvecklingen kring lärares arbete.
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6. |
- Alier, Kwai, et al.
(författare)
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Selective stimulation of GalR1 and GalR2 in rat substantia gelatinosa reveals a cellular basis for the anti- and pro-nociceptive actions of galanin
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 137:1, s. 138-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galanin modulates spinal nociceptive processing by interacting with two receptors, GalR1 and GalR2. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms were examined by whole-cell recording from identified neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of young adult rats. GalR1 was activated with a 'cocktail' containing the GalR1/2 agonist, AR-M 961 (0.5 mu M), in the presence of the GalR2 antagonist, M871 (1.0-2.5 mu M). GalR2 was activated with the selective agonist, AR-M 1896 (0.5-1.0 mu M). Application of the 'GalR1 agonist cocktail' often activated an inwardly-rectifying conductance in delay firing (excitatory) and tonically firing (inhibitory) neurons. This conductance was not activated by AR-M 1896 which instead decreased or increased an outwardly-rectifying conductance at voltages positive to -70 rnV. Despite this variability in its actions on current-voltage relationships, AR-M 1896 very consistently decreased membrane excitability, as measured by cumulative action potential latency in response to a depolarizing current ramp. This strong GalR2-mediated effect was seen in neurons where membrane conductance was decreased, and where membrane excitability might be predicted to increase. GalR2 was also located presynaptically, as AR-M 1896 increased the interevent interval of spontaneous EPSCs in both delay and tonic cells. By contrast, the 'GalR1 agonist cocktail' had little effect on spontaneous EPSCs, suggesting that presynaptic terminals do not express GalR1. These diverse actions of GalR1 and GalR2 activation on both inhibitory and excitatory neurons are discussed in relation to the known spinal antinociceptive and pro-nociceptive actions of galanin, to the possible association of GalR1 with the inhibitory G-protein, G(i/o) and to report that GalR2 activation suppresses Ca(2+) channel currents.
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7. |
- Alvehus, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Critical theories
- 2020
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Ingår i: Theories and perspectives in business administration. - 9789144127088 ; , s. 325-350
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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8. |
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9. |
- Andersson, Ulla-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochemical investigations in three representative basins in Sweden
- 1978
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SummaryDuring the IHD-period 1965—1974 chemical investigations were carried out in the three representative basins Velen, Kassjöån and Lappträsket, mainly to obtain balances of common constituents in surface waters, taking into account deposition from the atmosphere.As to the seasonal variation of concentrations in discharge from the basins and sub-basins it is remarkably suppressed compared to variations in discharge rates. This can be explained by the storage in lakes and as groundwater which tend to smooth rapid fluctuations in concentrations. However, it also indicates that surface run-off during snow-melt is in no way a dominant process. The largest fluctuations are found for the nitrogen compounds ammonia and nitrate where complex biological processes may at times either "fix" or release nitrogen compounds from organic matter.Considering balances of incoming — outflowing constituents, sulphur and nitrogen compounds always show a deficit; much more is deposited from the atmosphere than carried away from the basins by run-off. There are two possible mechanisms which explain this. One is a loss as volatile sulphur and nitrogen compounds from soils due to microbiological processes in reducing environments. The other possibility is a steady increase in soil sulphur and nitrogen (bound in organic matter) revealing an ongoing adjustment of soil sulphur and nitrogen to the increasing levels of atmospheric deposition of these.As to the balances of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium they indicate losses in the ground due to weathering. There are differences in the rates of weathering in the three basins which can be explained on basis of differences in the mineralogical composition of the hard rocks which are so common in Sweden.
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10. |
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11. |
- Asplund, Lillemor, et al.
(författare)
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Screening av Tetrabrombisfenol A
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tetrabrombisfenol A (TBBPA), CAS nr 79-94-7, är ett flamskyddsmedel med stor användning. Till största delen används det som reaktivt flamskyddsmedel, dvs. TBBPA binds in kemiskt i polymera material. Allt binds dock inte in utan en mindre del kan läcka ut från den flamskyddade produkten (Sellström och Jansson, 1995). En viss användning av TBBPA som additivt flamskyddsmedel förekommer också (KemI, 2000). TBBPA är det flamskyddsmedel som omsätts mest i Sverige, 2001 omsattes 203 ton vilket kan jämföras med 58 ton för hexabromcyklododekan (HBCD). Användningen av HBCD ökade medan användningen av TBBPA minskade enligt KEMI (KemI, 2003, 4/03 ). TBBPA används främst vid tillverkning av flamskyddad epoxy- och polykarbonatplast men även i omättad polyester (WHO/IPCS, 1995). Epoxyplast som flamskyddats med TBBPA används huvudsakligen i kretskort. TBBPA används också i plastinkapslingar av elektroniska komponenter, i kåpor och i höljen till elektrisk utrustning.
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12. |
- Augustsson Ryman, Sofia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Enhancement Following a Strength and Injury Prevention Program: A 26-Week Individualized and Supervised Intervention in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players
- 2011
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-9541 .- 2048-397X. ; 6:3, s. 399-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 26-week individualized and supervised strength and injury prevention program on performance enhancement in young female volleyball players who completed resistance training with either a supervised and individualized training program (experimental group, n=10) or an unsupervised non-individualized training program (control group, n=17). Exposure and injury data were collected during the 2006-2007 season (baseline season) and the 26-week program was conducted during the 2007-2008 season (intervention season). All players were tested for physical performance. At post-test, the players in the experimental group had improved significantly more than the players in the control group for squat (p<0.0001), bench press (p=0.048), push-ups (p=0.02) and sit-ups (p<0.0001) but not for the vertical jump test. Thirty-five percent (6/17) of the players from the control group and 80% (8/10) of the players in the experimental group completed the resistance training with compliance of no less than 50%. The present study shows the importance of individualization and supervision for resistance training in young female athletes when it comes to compliance, strength gains and performance.
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14. |
- Babusiaux, C., et al.
(författare)
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Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Gaia Data Release 2 provides high-precision astrometry and three-band photometry for about 1.3 billion sources over the full sky. The precision, accuracy, and homogeneity of both astrometry and photometry are unprecedented. Aims. We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. Methods. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. Results. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photometry for large samples for studies in stellar evolution and stellar population and opens an entire new area for HRD-based studies.
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15. |
- Bankel, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Caries and associated factors in a group of Swedish children 2- 3 years of age.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - 0347-9994. ; 30:4, s. 137-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reported skew distribution of caries prevalence in preschool children, with a small group of children with very high caries prevalence, stresses the importance of early identification for prevention. The present study aimed to describe the caries prevalence in a group of Swedish preschool children and to identify caries risk factors in this population. 221 children, 2 to 3 years old, agreed to participate in the study (82%). A standardized questionnaire was used to describe socio-economic factors, dietary and oral hygiene habits and exposure to fluoride. Initial and manifest dental caries was diagnosed and the presence of plaque was visually observed without disclosing solution. Saliva and plaque samples were collected for identification of mutans streptococci (MS). For statistical analysis,the Student's t-test,the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. The caries prevalence among the 2 to 3 year-olds was 7 and 18 percent respectively. An association between early childhood caries and a number of factors was found e.g. the presence of MS and visible plaque, nocturnal meals, frequent sugar consumption, mothers' state of employment and immigrant background. The Public Dental Health Service has been successful in decreasing the number of children with caries, but the challenge remains to be able to control caries in the high-risk group. The skew distribution, with many children without caries and a smaller group with very high caries prevalence, was confirmed. The study provided insight into various factors, useful for monitoring children at risk of developing early childhood caries.
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16. |
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17. |
- Beck, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Akut brist på lärare i ekonomi på universiteten
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet.
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Recension (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Redovisningen spelar en central roll i samhället genom att skapa transparens i näringsliv och offentlig sektor. Kraven på transparens ökar och redovisningen vidareutvecklas och anpassas till en global marknad. Bland studenter i företagsekonomi är det populärt att läsa redovisning. Men det råder stor brist på kompetenta universitetslärare i redovisning i Sverige
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18. |
- Beijer, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Are clear boundaries a prerequisite for well-functioning collaboration in home health care? : A mixed methods study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Nordic College of Caring Science. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:1, s. 128-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether professional collaboration in home health care is associated with clear boundaries between principals' areas of responsibility and the professions areas of responsibility, respectively.Methods: Data were derived from a web-based survey that was carried out in one county in the middle of Sweden during spring 2013. Participants were health professionals and managers from the county council and from all the municipalities in the county. Both structured and open-ended questions were utilised. A total of 421 individuals (90% women) answered the structured questions, and 91 individuals (22% of the 421) answered the open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analysed with descriptive statistics methods, tests of independence and of correlation strength. Qualitative data were analysed with content analysis.Results: The results from the structured questions showed that well-functioning collaboration was associated with clear boundaries between principals in the county overall, and for respondents in two of three parts of the county. Association between clear boundaries between professions and well-functioning collaboration was found in the county overall among the municipality population. However, in one part of the county, we did not find any correlations between well-functioning collaboration and clear boundaries between professions or principals, with the exception of home help services. The analysis of the open questions gave similar results as the quantitative analysis, illustrated within three themes: The significance of concepts, trust and interdependence, and collaboration as a means for well-being.Conclusion: The results indicate that, recently after an organisational change, clear boundaries between the principals' areas of responsibility and professions' area of responsibility respectively are necessary for effective cooperation between professionals. If the organisation and professionals have previous positive experience of colocated activities, clear boundaries do not share the same importance.
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19. |
- Berglez, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Pressen sviker sin roll
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nerikes Allehanda. ; :2010-09-17
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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20. |
- Berglund, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Barnkartor i GIS och trafiksäkerhet : ett forskningsprojekt i samarbete med Örbyhus skola
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hösten 2006 genomförde vi ett forskningsprojekt i samarbete med Örbyhus skola – framförallt med elever och lärare i fyra klasser, två i femte och två i nionde årskursen. Vi testade en datorbaserad metod som ska underlätta för barn och unga att delta i planeringen av sin närmiljö. Den här gången handlade det speciellt om trafiksäkerhet. I projektet har vi också haft kontakt med Tierps kommun och med Vägverket, region Mälardalen.
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21. |
- Berglund, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Här går man : gångtrafikanters erfarenheter av gåendemiljön i tre städer
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här är en kvalitativ studie, som syftar till att beskriva gångtrafikanters situation i några stadsmiljöer. Mer precist gäller det att få kunskap om förutsättningarna för att gå sett i ett brukarperspektiv och knutet till förutsättningarna i miljön. De metoder som har använts är ”deltagandekartering” (participative mapping) och fokusgruppssamtal. Frågor som belyses är: varför, var och vart man går och hur olika kategorier av fotgängare väljer att gå, samt vad omgivningen betyder i sammanhanget. Resultatet pekar ut frågor som utifrån brukarnas perspektiv framstår som viktiga, särskilt där det behövs ytterligare kunskap. Studien har genomförts i Luleå, Västerås och Älmhult. Kartering och fokusgrupper genomfördes med olika kategorier deltagare: Västerås: ungdomar 22 september 2010 respektive seniorer 23september 2010, Älmhult: seniorer respektive ungdomar: 14 oktober 2010 samt förvärvsarbetande: 3 maj 2011, Luleå: förvärvsarbetande: 25 oktober 2010 respektive föräldralediga: 26 oktober 2010. Alla sätt att färdas till fots ingår i projektet, även löpträning, men inga rullstolsburna har deltagit i den här studien. Alla möjliga anledningar att gå utomhus ingår, och variationen är stor mellan olika grupper och personer. Ungdomarna som intervjuades går framförallt av nyttoskäl – till och från skolan, träningen, bussen, tåget eller cykeln. Men det händer att de går när de träffas för att umgås eller går för att motionera. Fritidsintresse och socialt umgänge tycks påverka ungdomarnas gåendevanor mer än platsen. De intervjuade seniorerna och förvärvsarbetarna går av både nyttoskäl och för rekreation. Seniorernas hälsoläge har stor betydelse. En anledning till att förvärvsarbetarna går är att skona miljön, en annan är att ta sig till jobbet och en tredje är att få motion och därmed värna sin hälsa. Livssituationen påverkar vad som är särskilt viktigt när man går. För ungdomarna är det umgänge och möjligheten att träffa andra. För seniorerna är däremot jämna ytor, beläggning, underhåll och god vinterväghållning samt närhet till samhällsservice särskilt viktigt. Förvärvsarbetarna anger många faktorer som kan variera med gåenderesans syfte. Sammantaget framstår iden/effektiviteten, närheten till hemmet, omgivningens kvalitet, underlaget och tryggheten som viktiga aspekter. Ljus, trygghet och framkomlighet är särskilt viktigt för de föräldralediga. Vidare föredrar de att gå rundor istället för att gå samma väg fram och tillbaka. De föräldralediga menar att det är viktigt att det finns gång‐och cykelvägar som är separerade från övrig trafik, inte minst eftersom det är lättare att komma fram med barnvagn då. På GIS‐kartorna redovisar alla grupper (men de unga i mindre grad) många platser och vägar där omgivningens kvaliteter attraherar till att gå. Överlag är deltagarna nöjda med sin gåendemiljö. Man kommenterar att det finns bra gång‐ och cykelvägar och att miljön är ”fin”. Samtidigt tas problem upp. Seniorer i Västerås och Älmhult samt förvärvsarbetare i Älmhult menar att vinterväghållningen är dålig, att markbeläggningar på vissa ställen är väldigt ojämna och att höga kantstenar gör det svårt att ta sig fram. Oupplysta, grusade vägar uppskattas men det finns också önskemål om mer belysning och bättre beläggning på till exempel strandpromenader. Möjligheten att träffa bekanta bidrar till intresset för att gå i tätorten. På kartorna kan vi se att promenader utan direkta mål ofta riktar sig utåt mot natur och stränder än inåt mot centrum. Olika typer av problem verkar i vissa fall åldersrelaterade. I Älmhult uppger ungdomarna att de största problemen är att bilarna kör för fort utanför skolan. För seniorerna i såväl Älmhult som Västerås är de största problemen snöröjning vintertid och ojämna gångytor som ger vattensamlingar och risk för att snubbla. I Älmhult saknar seniorerna bra övergångställen. Både seniorer och förvärvsarbetare i Älmhult ser de tre tunnlarna under järnvägen som problem, de vet inte vilka regler som gäller vid passage och upplever att tunnlarna är trånga och mörka. I Västerås anser seniorer att det är otryggt vid Bäckby centrum kvällstid då det samlas många ungdomar där. Det rådet dock delade meningar om från vilken tid på kvällen det är otryggt. I Luleå uppger förvärvsarbetarna att nedskräpning är ett stort problem. De tar även upp problem med vinterväghållningen de vintrar då temperaturen pendlar kring nollstrecket. De största problemen som de föräldralediga tar upp är farliga ställen där de korsar vägar, avsaknad av toaletter, få papperskorgar och att det saknas bänkar. Felplacerade gångtunnlar tycks vara är ett allmänt problem i bostadsområdena i Västerås och Luleå. Naturen och att det är ”fint” anses allmänt vara det bästa med gåendemiljöerna på alla platser. Ungdomarna i Västerås uppger ändå att det bästa med gåendemiljön där är kommunikationen mellan ungdomarna. De tar inte upp något om hur det ser ut. I Älmhult däremot pratar ungdomarna om Näset vid sjön Möckeln. Förvärvsarbetarna i både Älmhult och Luleå tar upp tillgången på och gång‐ och cykelvägar som det bästa i sina respektive orter. I Älmhult är även ”närheten till allt” något av det bästa med gåendemiljön. De föräldralediga liksom de förvärvsarbetande i Luleå uppskattar särskilt att det finns många vägar att välja på och speciellt möjligheten att gå utmed vatten. När det gäller samspelet med andra trafikanter tycker ungdomarna att det fungerar bra eller åtminstone helt okej mellan cyklister och gående. Seniorerna och de förvärvsarbetande i Älmhult är av annan uppfattning. Här är de enkelriktade cykelbanorna i centrum ett bekymmer. Cyklister cyklar i fel riktning och bilister parkerar på cykelbanorna. I Västerås menar seniorerna att cyklisterna inte hörs utan plötsligt dyker upp. I Luleå uppger både förvärvsarbetare och föräldralediga att mopederna är ett problem eftersom de kör på gång‐ och cykelbanorna och väldigt fort. Några kör utan ljuddämpare och det skrämmer barnen. På kartorna markeras flera farliga platser med rörig biltrafik (Älmhult), korsningar med tung trafik (Luleå) och tunnlar med kollisionsrisk med cyklister (Älmhult). Vår fråga om vad som skulle kunna påverka fokusgruppsdeltagarna att gå mer visar sig vara ganska svår att svara på. I Västerås föreslås bland seniorerna att en vacker park skulle kunna attrahera till att gå mer. I Älmhult säger seniorer att en jämnare beläggning i centrum skulle få dem att gå mer. Förvärvsarbetarna i Älmhult har olika idéer om hur gåendet kan öka rent allmänt. Här kommer förslag om att röja bättre kring stigar (genvägar) i naturen och att satsa mer på kultur i den offentliga miljön. Bland de intervjuade förvärvsarbetarna i Luleå framkommer att tidsbrist, klimat och lättja påverkar dem. Någon idé om vad som skulle få dem att gå mer kommer inte upp. De föräldralediga uppger att fler snöröjda vägar och mer belysning skulle få dem att gå mer vintertid. Utan tvekan är färdsättet att gå viktigt för olika grupper människor och i många sammanhang. Det är tydligt att vuxna och äldre är positiva till att gå för rekreation, motion och hälsa, och att det finns de som tar sig till fots till vardagens nyttomål för att samtidigt få motion. Tidsbrist och intresset för hälsa kan därför ses som nyckelfaktorer i planering för ett ökat gående. Effektivitet och framkomlighet är viktigt ibland men också möjlighet till möten och att variera väg. Samspelet med andra trafikanter är inte sällan problematiskt, och en alltför komplicerad miljö kan precis som en mörk och ödslig leda till osäkerhet och otrygghet. Omgivningens upplevelsevärden såväl som ett jämnt underlag att gå på är nödvändiga förutsättningar för en i vid mening gångvänlig miljö.
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22. |
- Berglund, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur : en kunskaps- och metodredovisning för utveckling av väg- och järnvägsprojekt i enlighet med den Europeiska Landskapskonventionen
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten Landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur har tagits fram inom forskningsprojektet Bättre landskapsanalys för transportsektorn (2010-2013) i samverkan mellan SLU och VTI och handlar om hur man kan arbeta med landskapsanalys (LA) i planläggningsprocessen för väg- ochjärnvägsprojekt. Vi kallar den ett kunskapsunderlag, och dess främsta syfte är att förmedla relevantkunskap från forskarsamhället till Trafikverkets landskapsexperter och därmed stödja Trafikverketsmöjligheter att leverera den landskapsanpassade infrastruktur som regeringen kräver.Fokus för arbetet har varit planläggningsfasen, dvs. när man enligt den sammanhållna vägprocessenkommit så långt att vägen/järnvägen ska prövas i en fysisk miljö.
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23. |
- Berglund, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur : en kunskaps- och metodredovisning för utveckling av väg- och järnvägsprojekt i enlighet med den Europeiska Landskapskonventionen
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten ”Landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur …” har tagits fram inom forskningsprojektet ”Bättre landskapsanalys för transportsektorn” (2010-2013) i samverkan mellan SLU och VTI och handlar om hur man kan arbeta med landskapsanalys (LA) i planläggningsprocessen för väg- och järnvägsprojekt. Vi kallar den ett kunskapsunderlag, och dess främsta syfte är att förmedla relevant kunskap från forskarsamhället till Trafikverkets landskapsexperter och därmed stödja Trafikverkets möjligheter att leverera den landskapsanpassade infrastruktur som regeringen kräver. Fokus för arbetet har varit planläggningsfasen, dvs. när man enligt den sammanhållna vägprocessen kommit så långt att vägen/järnvägen ska prövas i en fysisk miljö. Den här rapporten tar vid efter det strategiska skede som hanteras i rapporten ”Landskap i långsiktig planering” (Trafikverket 2012). ”Projektet har utförts med utgångspunkt i att LA ska vara en grund på vilken MKBprocessen vilar men också ge viktig bakgrundskunskap för gestaltningsprogrammet (GP). En anledning till projektets tillkomst är de ökade krav på helhetssyn som den Europeiska landskapskonventionen (ECL), som trädde ikraft i Sverige 2011, ställer på projekt som påverkar landskap. Det gäller inte bara landskap som har bedömts som vetenskapligt värdefulla eller har erkänt stora skönhetsvärden, utan också de så kallade vardagslandskap som omger våra städer och samhällen. Det är landskap där många människor bor, arbetar och tillbringar sin fritid och där utbyggnad av transportinfrastruktur får stor påverkan på de värden som är viktiga för brukarna. ELC betonar landskapets betydelse som en del i människors utformande av sin egen identitet såväl som sin gruppidentitet och dessutom allas rätt att vara delaktiga i värderingen av de landskap som berör dem. Europarådet (2008) skriver i sina rekommendationer för implementeringen av ELC att allmänhetens medverkan bör finnas med genom hela planerings- och beslutsprocessen i frågor som rör landskap. För det anför man dels demokratiska skäl, som grundar sig i uppfattningen att alla människor har intressen i landskapet och i den meningen också är sakägare. Dels anförs kunskapsskäl, närmare bestämt att genom allmänhetens medverkan öka medvetenheten om landskapet och dess värden såväl hos allmänheten som hos berörda experter. Arbetet inom projektet har bland annat gått ut på att finna och beskriva metoder som passar att användas i infrastrukturprojekt och som på ett rimligt sätt motsvarar det ELC föreskriver och rekommenderar. Särskilt fokus har satts på frågan om hur den berörda allmänhetens syn på sina landskap ska kunna komplettera och samverka med den expertkunskap som hittills helt dominerat LA inom transportsektorn. Den utgångspunkt som vi valt är den väl beskrivna och prövade metodansatsen ”Landscape Character assessment” (LCA) från Storbritannien, som har ett brett angreppssätt men kan sägas vara mindre välutvecklad när det gäller frågor kring landskapets historia och utveckling. Därför visar vi hur man kan kombinera den med metoden ”Historic Landscape Characterisation” (HLC) och hur man kan arbeta i de båda faserna beskrivnings- respektive bedömningsfas. På svenska benämner vi dessa metoder: landskapskaraktärisering respektive historisk landskapskaraktärisering. Eftersom utvecklingen av allmänhetens medverkan i LA inte är så stark överhuvudtaget har vi också fångat upp och delvis själva utvecklat metoder för dialog med berörda människor, där deras värderingar står i fokus. Det gäller en kartbaserad enkät, kartnålsmetoden, och en variant på gåtursmetoden som vi här kort och gott kallar busstur. Frågan om ljud – inte bara buller – är också ett ämne där LA hittills varit relativt svag. Där har vi bedrivit utvecklingsarbete, som resulterat i en mobilapplikation för karaktärisering av ljudlandskap. I uppdraget för det här projektet har det inte ingått att studera ekologisk landskapsanalys i sig. Däremot har vi redovisat hur vi tänker att den ekologiska analysen, landskapskaraktäriseringen 8 landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur och den historiska landskapskaraktäriseringen ska kunna samverka för det eftersträvade helhetsperspektivet. För att nå detta menar vi vidare att metoderna kulturmiljöanalys (DIVE) och strukturanalys också kan ge viktiga bidrag. Vi presenterar kort dessa metoder och deras tänkta roller i LA för väg- och järnvägsprojekt. Landskapskaraktärisering är alltså inte en enhetlig metod utan det vi kallar ansats eller ramverk, som kan anpassas efter projektets art och skala och efter landskapets egenskaper, dess sårbarhet och vilka värden som kan förutses ha betydelse för allmänheten såväl som för vetenskap och andra intressen. I rapporten finns därför information om hur olika specifika metoder kan kombineras och dessutom viss information om hur man kan prioritera i olika fall, vilka underlagsmaterial som kan var lämpliga etc. Kravet på att ge berörd allmänhet såväl som andra sakägare möjlighet att medverka i landskapskaraktäriseringen innebär knappast att specialisterna, landskapsexperterna, får mindre ansvar i processen. Frågan om kommunikation med sakägarna och sammanvägning av olika intressen kräver stor omsorg och skicklighet. I rapporten noterar vi det och ger förslag om hur denna kommunikation ska kunna planeras och utföras på ett effektivt och kvalitativt gott sätt. I många väg- och järnvägsprojekt krävs att en MKB genomförs för att i förväg beskriva vilka konsekevenser för människors hälsa och för miljön som projektet ifråga kan komma att ge upphov till. Vi beskriver i rapporten hur kunskap från den genomförda LA kan användas som underlag för MKB i flera avseenden och vid olika tillfällen i vägplanläggningen. På motsvarande vis vill vi också peka på hur kunskap som tas fram inom LA kan vara till nytta i arbetet med det Gestaltningsprogram (GP) som arbetas fram inom planläggningsprocessen. MKB och GP kan i många fall ses som slutprodukter för en stor del av arbetet med LA. För att LA skall kunna bidra till väg- och järnvägsplanläggning och till MKB och GP behöver krav ställas på dem som har att genomföra LA. Vi har inom ramen för projektet undersökt vad som bör ingå av kvalitets- och kompetenskrav vid upphandling av LA. Detta redovisas i rapporten som ett förslag på vad en upphandling bör innehålla. Avslutningsvis finns i rapporten en översikt och beskrivning i tabellform av exempel på projekt och metoder som vi hänvisat till i texten. Den innehåller uppgifter om sammanhang, genomförande, mm. och länkar eller andra hänvisningar till källor för vidare läsning.
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24. |
- Berglund, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Om landskap och landskapsanalys för väg och järnväg : ett kunskapsunderlag med fokus på begrepp och exempel
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Landskapets och landskapsanalysens roll i planeringen påverkas av implementeringen av den europeiska landskapskonventionen (ELC) som nyligen inletts i Sverige. Kravet ökar på hantering av landskapsfrågor och på medverkan från allmänheten i till exempel infrastrukturprojekt. Därför behöver olika aktörer få aktuell kunskap om landskap och analys av landskap och så långt möjligt skaffa sig gemensamma referensramar i ämnet. Vägar och järnvägar har en avgörande betydelse för människors möjligheter att uppleva landskap. Samtidigt utgör de ingrepp som kräver kunskap och respekt för de landskap med sina sociala sammanhang som påverkas. Genom ELC har fokus ökat på ”vardagslandskapet”, dvs. de landskap som används och värderas av människor oavsett sådana värden som utomstående experter kan bedöma. Den här rapporten är den första redovisningen i ett forskningsuppdrag från Trafikverket: Bättre landskapsanalys för transportsektorn. Vi kallar den kunskapsunderlag, och den ska vara en källa till bildning och utbildning i frågor som rör landskap och landskapsanalys med fokus på vägoch järnvägsplanering. Arbetet utgår från en bred genomgång av forskning om landskap som fenomen och begrepp, om upplevelse av landskap och om människors möjligheter att påverka landskap och landskapsplanering. Vi har inte begränsat oss till, men särkilt lyft fram sådan kunskap, som har direkt relevans för tranportinfrastruktur och för nordiska förhållanden. Rapporten redogör för ELC: s förhållande till landskapet som sådant och till olika aspekter av landskap. Ett särskilt fokus har lagts på att utreda begreppen landskap och identitet och relatera dem till andra, centrala begrepp som ”plats” och ”karaktär”. Ett avsnitt hanterar allmänhetens medverkan i landskapsanalyser och planering. Vidare diskuteras olika typer av landskapsanalyser och ett antal goda exempel presenteras och gås igenom. Landskapet finns överallt och landskapsbegreppet kan användasi olika skalor, inte bara om stora områden. Det har också relevans likaväl i städer som på landsbygden. Infrastrukturen berör alla slags landskap. Med den här rapporten hoppas vi bidra till ett ökat intresse för landskapet i sin helhet, särskilt hos dem som genom stora projekt sätter avgörande och långvariga avtryck i vår gemensamma livsmiljö
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25. |
- Bergman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Patients' satisfaction with the care offered by advanced practice nurses: a new role in Swedish primary care
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Practice. - : Wiley. - 1322-7114 .- 1440-172X. ; 19:3, s. 326-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to describe patients’ satisfaction with the new role of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in Swedish primary care. A questionnaire pertaining to patient satisfaction with the care offered by APNs was sent to respondents. Descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test and manifest qualitative content analysis were used during analysis. Although the results show an overall high level of patient satisfaction as regards APN-led care, those patients informed of the APN role prior to a consultation were significantly more satisfied. Respondents’ comments indicate that professional treatment and competence are characteristic of the care offered by APNs and also relate the concepts of increased availability of and continuity in health care to the APN role. In order to guarantee the positive development of the APN role in Sweden, continued research is needed from patient, organizational and interprofessional perspectives, including intervention studies of cost effectiveness and the quality of care.
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26. |
- Berntzon, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
-
BMAA Inhibits Nitrogen Fixation in the Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp PCC 7120
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Marine Drugs. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-3397. ; 11:8, s. 3091-3108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyanobacteria produce a range of secondary metabolites, one being the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), proposed to be a causative agent of human neurodegeneration. As for most cyanotoxins, the function of BMAA in cyanobacteria is unknown. Here, we examined the effects of BMAA on the physiology of the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Our data show that exogenously applied BMAA rapidly inhibits nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), even at micromolar concentrations, and that the inhibition was considerably more severe than that induced by combined nitrogen sources and most other amino acids. BMAA also caused growth arrest and massive cellular glycogen accumulation, as observed by electron microscopy. With nitrogen fixation being a process highly sensitive to oxygen species we propose that the BMAA effects found here may be related to the production of reactive oxygen species, as reported for other organisms.
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27. |
- Bertilsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
A client-centred ADL intervention: three-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 377-391
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to study a client-centred activities of daily living (ADL) intervention (CADL) compared with the usualADL intervention (UADL) in people with stroke regarding: independence in ADL, perceived participation, life satisfaction,use of home-help service, and satisfaction with training and, in their significant others, regarding: caregiver burden, lifesatisfaction, and informal care. Methods: In this multicentre study, 16 rehabilitation units were randomly assigned to deliverCADL or UADL. The occupational therapists who provided the CADL were specifically trained. Eligible for inclusion werepeople with stroke treated in a stroke unit £3 months after stroke, dependent in ‡two ADL, not diagnosed with dementia, andable to understand instructions. Data were collected at inclusion and three months thereafter. To detect a significant differencebetween the groups in the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) domain “participation”, 280 participants were required. Intention-totreatanalysis was applied. Results: At three months, there was no difference in the outcomes between the CADL group(n = 129) and the UADL group (n = 151), or their significant others (n = 87/n = 93) except in the SIS domain “emotion” infavour of CADL (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The CADL does not appear to bring about short-term differences in outcomes andlonger follow-ups are required.
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28. |
- Bertilsson, Ann Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
A cluster randomized controlled trial of a client-centred, activities of daily living intervention for people with stroke : One year follow-up of caregivers
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 30:8, s. 765-775
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Compare caregiver burden, provision of informal care, participation in everyday occupations and life satisfaction of caregivers to people with stroke, who either had received a client-centred, activities of daily living intervention or usual activities of daily living interventions. Design: A multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial in which 16 rehabilitation units were randomly assigned to deliver a client-centred, activities of daily living intervention or usual activities of daily living interventions. Caregiver outcomes were compared cross-sectionally at 12 months and changes in outcomes between three and 12 months after people with stroke were included in the study. Setting: Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation. Participants: Caregivers of people with stroke enrolled in the trial. Intervention: A client-centred, activities of daily living intervention aiming to increase agency in daily activities and participation in everyday life for people after stroke. Main measures: Caregiver Burden Scale, Occupational Gaps Questionnaire, LiSat-11. Results: There were no differences in outcomes between caregivers in the client-centred, activities of daily living (n = 88) and the usual activities of daily living (n = 95) group at 12 months. The caregiver burden score was 42.7 vs. 41.8, p = 0.75, mean occupational gaps were 3.5 vs. 4.0, p = 0.52 and satisfaction with life was 53% vs. 50%, p = 0.87. There were no differences in changes between three and 12 months. However, within groups there were significant differences in caregiver burden, factor general strain, for caregivers in the client-centred, activities of daily living group, and in provision of informal care for the usual activities of daily living group. Conclusion: The client-centred intervention did not bring about any difference between caregiver-groups, but within groups some difference was found for caregiver burden and informal care.
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29. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2006
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report gives a summary of the monitoring activities within the national Swedishcontaminant programme in marine biota. It is the result from the joint efforts of: theInstitute of Applied Environmental Research at Stockholm University (analyses oforganochlorines), the Centre for Environmental Monitoring at the University of Agriculture(analyses of heavy metals) and the Contaminant Research Group at the Swedish Museumof Natural History (co-ordination, sample collection administration, sample preparation,recording of biological variables, minor additional analyses of organochlorines, storage offrozen biological tissues in the Environmental Specimen Bank for retrospective studies,data preparation and statistical evaluation). The monitoring programme is financiated by theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Sweden.The data of concern in this report represent the bioavailable part of the investigatedcontaminants i.e. the part that has virtually passed through the biological membranes andmay cause biological effects. The objectives of the monitoring program in marine biotacould be summarised as follows:• to estimate the levels and the normal variation of various contaminants in marine biotafrom several representative sites, uninfluenced by local sources, along the Swedish coasts.The goal is to describe the general contaminant status and to supply reference values forregional and local monitoring programmes• to monitor long term time trends and to estimate the rate of found changes.quantified objective: to detect an annual change of 10% within a time period of 10 years with a power of 80%at a significance level of 5%.• to estimate the response in marine biota of measures taken to reduce the discharges ofvarious contaminantsquantified objective: to detect a 50% decrease within a time period of 10 years with a power of 80% at asignificance level of 5%.• to detect incidents of regional influence or widespread incidents of ‘Chernobyl’-character and to act as watchdog monitoring to detect renewed usage of bannedcontaminants.quantified objective: to detect an increase of 200% a single year with a power of 80% at a significance level of5%.• to indicate large scale spatial differencesquantified objective: to detect differences of a factor 2 between sites with a power of 80% at a significancelevel of 5%.• to explore the development and regional differences of the composition and pattern ofe.g. PCB’s, HCH’s and DDT’s as well as the ratios between various contaminants.• the time series are also relevant for human consumption since important commercial fishspecies like herring and cod are sampled. A co-operation with the Swedish FoodAdministration is established. Sampling is also co-ordinated with SSI (Swedish RadiationProtection Authority) for analysing radionuclides in fish and blue mussels (HELCOM,1992).• all analysed, and a large number of additional specimens, of the annually systematicallycollected material are stored frozen in the Environmental Specimen Bank.. This invaluable5material enables future retrospective studies of contaminants impossible to analyse today aswell as control analyses of suspected analytical errors.• although the programme is focused on contaminant concentration in biota, also thedevelopment of biological variables like e.g. condition factor (CF), liver somatic index(LSI) and fat content are monitored at all sites. At a few sites, integrated monitoring withfish physiology and population are running in co-operation with the University ofGothenburg and the Swedish Fishery Board.• experiences from the national program with several time series of over 25 years can beused in the design of regional and local monitoring programmes.• the perfectly unique material of high qualityand long time series is further used to explorerelationships among biological variables and contaminants concentrations in varioustissues; the effects of changes in sampling strategy, the estimates of variance componentsand the influence on the concept of power etc.• the accessibility of high quality data collected and analysed in a consistent manner is anindispensable prerequisite to evaluate the validity of hypothesis and models concerning thefate and distribution of various contaminants. It could furthermore be used as input of ‘real’data in the ongoing model building activities concerning marine ecosystems in general andin the Baltic and North Sea environment in particular.• the contaminant programme in marine biota constitute an integrated part of the nationalmonitoring activities in the marine environment as well as of the international programmeswithin ICES, OSPARCOM and HELCOM.The present report displays the timeseries of analysed contaminants in biota andsummarises the results from the statistical treatment. It does not in general give thebackground or explanations to significant changes found in the timeseries. Increasingconcentrations thus, urge for intensified studies.Short comments are given for temporal trends as well as for spatial variation and, for somecontaminants, differences in geometric mean concentration between various species caughtat the same site. Sometimes notes of seasonal variation and differences in concentrationbetween tissues in the same species are given. This information could say something aboutthe relative appropriateness of the sampled matrix and be of help in designing monitoringprogrammes. In the temporal trend part, an extract of the relevant findings is summarised inthe 'conclusion'-paragraph. It should be stressed though, that geographical differences maynot reflect antropogenic influence but may be due to factors like productivity, temperature,salinity etc.The report is continuously updated. The date of the latest update is reported at the beginningof each chapter. The creation date of each figure is written in the lower left corner.
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30. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2008
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report gives a summary of the monitoring activities within the national Swedish contaminant programme in marine biota. It is the result from the joint efforts of: the Department of Applied Environmental Science at Stockholm University (analyses of organochlorines), the Department of Environmental Assessment at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (analyses of heavy metals), Department of Chemistry at Umeå University (analyses of PCDD/PCDF) and the Department of Contaminant Research at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (co-ordination, sample collection administration, sample preparation, recording of biological variables, storage of frozen biological tissues in the Environmental Specimen Bank for retrospective studies, data preparation and statistical evaluation). The monitoring programme is financiated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Sweden.The data of concern in this report represent the bioavailable part of the investigated contaminants i.e. the part that has virtually passed through the biological membranes and may cause toxic effects. The objectives of the monitoring program in marine biota could be summarised as follows:• to estimate the levels and the normal variation of various contaminants in marine biota from several representative sites, uninfluenced by local sources, along the Swedish coasts. The goal is to describe the general contaminant load and to supply reference values for regional and local monitoring programmes• to monitor long term time trends and to estimate the rate of found changes.quantified objective: to detect an annual change of 10% within a time period of 10 years with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%.• to estimate the response in marine biota of measures taken to reduce the discharges of various contaminantsquantified objective: to detect a 50% decrease within a time period of 10 years with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%.• to detect incidents of regional influence or widespread incidents of ‘Chernobyl’- character and to act as watchdog monitoring to detect renewed usage of banned contaminants.quantified objective: to detect an increase of 200% a single year with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%.• to indicate large scale spatial differencesquantified objective: to detect differences of a factor 2 between sites with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%.• to explore the development and regional differences of the composition and pattern of e.g. PCB’s, HCH’s and DDT’s as well as the ratios between various contaminants.• the time series are also relevant for human consumption since important commercial fish species like herring and cod are sampled. A co-operation with the Swedish Food Administration is established. Sampling is also co-ordinated with SSI (Swedish Radiation Protection Authority) for analysing radionuclides in fish and blue mussels (HELCOM, 1992).• all analysed, and a large number of additional specimens, of the annually systematically collected material are stored frozen in the Environmental Specimen Bank.. This invaluable4material enables future retrospective studies of contaminants impossible to analyse today as well as control analyses of suspected analytical errors.• although the programme is focused on contaminant concentration in biota, also the development of biological variables like e.g. condition factor (CF), liver somatic index (LSI) and fat content are monitored at all sites. At a few sites, integrated monitoring with fish physiology and population are running in co-operation with the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish Board of Fisheries.• experiences from the national programme with several time series of over 25 years can be used in the design of regional and local monitoring programmes.• the perfectly unique material of high quality and long time series is further used to explore relationships among biological variables and contaminant concentrations in various tissues; the effects of changes in sampling strategy, the estimates of variance components and the influence on the concept of power etc.• the accessibility of high quality data collected and analysed in a consistent manner is an indispensable prerequisite to evaluate the validity of hypothesis and models concerning the fate and distribution of various contaminants. It could furthermore be used as input of ‘real’ data in the ongoing model building activities concerning marine ecosystems in general and in the Baltic and North Sea environment in particular.• the contaminant programme in marine biota constitute an integrated part of the national monitoring activities in the marine environment as well as of the international programmes within ICES, OSPARCOM and HELCOM.The present report displays the timeseries of analysed contaminants in biota and summarises the results from the statistical treatment. It does not in general give the background or explanations to significant changes found in the timeseries. Increasing concentrations thus, urge for intensified studies.Short comments are given for temporal trends as well as for spatial variation and, for some contaminants, differences in geometric mean concentration between various species caught at the same site. Sometimes notes of seasonal variation and differences in concentration between tissues in the same species are given. This information could say something about the relative appropriateness of the sampled matrix and be of help in designing monitoring programmes. In the temporal trend part, an extract of the relevant findings is summarised in the 'conclusion'-paragraph. It should be stressed though, that geographical differences may not reflect antropogenic influence but may be due to factors like productivity, temperature, salinity etc.The report is continuously updated. The date of the latest update is reported at the beginning of each chapter. The creation date of each figure is written in the lower left corner.
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31. |
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32. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2015
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups – heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants have been examined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and in guillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overall trends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the same sites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trend in both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increases in condition factor seen in cod liver at Fladen, perch muscle at Kvädöfjärden, and for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. Also, an increase in fat content was seen during the most recent ten years for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. There were also some sites where no log linear trends were seen.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not mercury) in 2004, values between 2003 and 2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ACES, Stockholm University.Generally, higher mercury concentrations are found in the Bothnian Bay, but also from one station in the Northern parts of Baltic Proper, compared to other parts of the Swedish coastline. The time series show varying concentrations over the study period. The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southern Bothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. On the other hand, increasing concentrations are seen in e.g., cod muscle, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. In most cases, the mercury concentrations are above the EQSbiota of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. The highest concentrations are seen in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Elevated lead concentrations between 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regarding change in analysis methods). Lead concentrations are below the suggested target level at all stations.Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It is worth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium, generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series. Cadmium concentrations in herring and perch are all below the suggested target level of 160 μg/kg wet weight.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series begin with two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and may give a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing concentrations, possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper and zinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.Generally higher concentrations of arsenic and silver are found along the west coast compared to other parts of the Sweadish coast line. However for silver a few stations in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay show comparable concentrations to the west coast stations.Chlorinated CompoundsGenerally, a decreasing concentrations were observed for all compounds (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB) in all species examined, with a few exceptions, such as no change in TCDD-equivalents being seen in herring muscle (except at Änskärsklubb where very high concentrations at the beginning of the sampling period were seen and also at the west coast station Fladen). The longer time-series in guillemot also show a marked decrease in TCDD-equivalents from the start in the late 1960s until about 1985 from where no change occurred for many years, however, during the most recent ten years a decrease in the concentration is seen. Concentrations of DDE and CB-118 are for some species and sites still above their respective target levels.The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast.Brominated Flame RetardantsElevated levels of HBCDD are seen in sites from the Baltic Proper, while the investigated PBDEs show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Bay. In addition, lower concentrations of all investigated PBDEs and HBCDD are seen on the Swedish west coast compared to the east coast. Temporally, significant increases in BDE-47, -99 and -100 have been seen in guillemot eggs since the late 1960s until the early 1990s, where concentrations then began to show decreases. Also, the concentration of HBCDD in guillemot eggs shows a decrease during the most recent ten years. For fish and blue mussels, BDE-47, -99, and -153 decreased at some sites and showed no trend at other sites. The concentration of HBCDD in fish and blue mussels showed inconsistent trends. The concentration of HBCDD is below the EQSbiota of 167 μg/kg wet weight for all fish species from all areas, while the concentration of BDE-47 alone is above the EQSbiota for sumPBDE of 0.0085 ng/g wet weight.PAHsOnly blue mussels have been examined for spatial differences in PAH concentrations. Concentration of ΣPAH was found to be higher from Kvädöfjärden in the Baltic Proper compared to stations at the West coast, but individual PAHs showed varying spatial patterns. Over time, acenaphthalene was rarely found above the detection limit. Significant decreasing trends were observed for ΣPAH, chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene at Fjällbacka; for naphthalene at Kvädöfjärden; and for pyrene at Fladen.All time series where concentrations of various PAHs were compared with the target value based on OSPAR Ecological Assessment Criteria, or EC Environmental Quality Standards were below the target value.PFASsPFHxS and PFOS show a similar spatial pattern, but PFOS concentrations were approximately 25 times higher than PFHxS levels. The distribution of PFOS is quite homogenous along the Swedish coast but with somewhat higher concentrations in the Baltic Proper. PFOS concentrations in guillemot eggs are about 100-200 times higher than in herring liver. An overall increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years, a change of direction is detected. The longer herring time series from Harufjärden, Landsort, and Utlängan show increasing concentrations for PFOS and most carboxylates. For FOSA, on the other hand, decreasing concentrations are seen during the most recent ten years.Organotin compoundsThe majority of the analysed tinorganic compounds showed concentrations below LOQ. However TBT and DPhT showed concentrations above LOQ at all stations with highest reported concentrations in fish from Örefjärden in the northern part of Bothnian Sea.
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33. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Consequences of using pooled versus individual samples for designing environmental monitoring sampling strategies
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 94, s. 177-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choosing an appropriate sampling strategy for chemical analysis within environmental monitoring includes the important decision of whether to sample and store individual or pooled samples. This choice impacts on future analyses from Environmental Specimen Bank samples. A number of advantages exist to support using either individual or pooled samples for temporal trend studies. However, it is important to know the total and analytical variance to be able to design the best sampling strategy. Statistical power in temporal or spatial studies is determined by the random/unexplained sample variation. The relationship between chemical analytical error and other sources of variation, as well as the cost for collection, preparation of samples and chemical analysis, will determine the number of individuals in each pool, and the number of pools that should be analysed to achieve high cost efficiency and good statistical power. Various scenarios of different numbers of individual samples, different numbers of pooled samples containing various numbers of individual specimens, the relationships between chemical analytical error and other sources of sample variance, have been compared by simulating random sampling from computer generated populations using realistic measures of variation from ongoing monitoring activities. These results offer guidance in the design of a cost-efficient, statistically sound sampling strategy.
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34. |
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35. |
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36. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal trends of organochlorines in Northern Europe, 1967–1995. Relation to global fractionation, leakage from sediments and international measures
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 99:2, s. 177-198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The time trend monitoring of organochlorine pollution was carried out in Sweden since the late 1960s. This report presents data on concentrations of DDT, PCB, HCHs and HCB in biota samples collected and analysed annually. All the matrices and compounds studied show a significant decrease over time. The data cover severely polluted Swedish marine and fresh water in southern Sweden as well as locally unpolluted waters in remote northern Arctic regions of Sweden. A total of 13 time series representing different locations and species are presented for the different pollutants. The period studied covers the time when pollution was serious as well as the time of recovery. All monitoring activities were carried out at the same laboratories over the entire study period, which means that comparability over time is good in the sets of data presented. The various time trends show a convincing agreement with trends and annual change over time, although the concentrations differ between the species and locations investigated, the highest concentrations being in the south. Since the annual changes are normally similar regardless of locations and species, spatial variations in concentrations remain over time, although concentrations are lower today. The onset of changes in concentrations over time can be related to international measures or other circumstances that lowered releases into the environment. Similarities in the annual changes, as well as the time when changes began, are discussed with respect to suggested hypotheses on the fate of the investigated organochlorines. It was not possible to verify that the oxygenation of anoxic sediments mobilised old pollution in Baltic sediments. Neither was it possible to conclude that eutrophication has caused a measurable effect on the rate and timing of the decreases. Finally, long-range transport to Arctic regions seems to be due more to a one step transport than to the ‘Grass-hopper’ effect. The comprehensive database used, clearly shows how important it is to have datasets big enough to describe between-year variation before attempting to evaluate the time trend. In addition, if between-year variation is not known, it is then also difficult to evaluate spatial variation on the basis of single year observations.
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37. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2009
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report gives a summary of the monitoring activities within the national Swedish contaminant programme in marine biota. It is the result from the joint efforts of: the Department of Applied Environmental Science at Stockholm University (analyses of organochlorines), the Department of Environmental Assessment at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (analyses of heavy metals), Department of Chemistry at Umeå University (analyses of PCDD/PCDF) and the Department of Contaminant Research at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (co-ordination, sample collection administration, sample preparation, recording of biological variables, storage of frozen biological tissues in the Environmental Specimen Bank for retrospective studies, data preparation and statistical evaluation). The monitoring programme is financiated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Sweden. The data of concern in this report represent the bioavailable part of the investigated contaminants i.e. the part that has virtually passed through the biological membranes and may cause toxic effects. The objectives of the monitoring program in marine biota could be summarised as follows: to estimate the levels and the normal variation of various contaminants in marine biota from several representative sites, uninfluenced by local sources, along the Swedish coasts. The goal is to describe the general contaminant load and to supply reference values for regional and local monitoring programmes to monitor long term time trends and to estimate the rate of found changes. quantified objective: to detect an annual change of 10% within a time period of 10 years with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%. to estimate the response in marine biota of measures taken to reduce the discharges of various contaminants quantified objective: to detect a 50% decrease within a time period of 10 years with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%. to detect incidents of regional influence or widespread incidents of ‘Chernobyl’-character and to act as watchdog monitoring to detect renewed usage of banned contaminants. quantified objective: to detect an increase of 200% a single year with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%. to indicate large scale spatial differences quantified objective: to detect differences of a factor 2 between sites with a power of 80% at a significance level of 5%. to explore the development and regional differences of the composition and pattern of e.g. PCB’s, HCH’s, DDT’s, PCDD/F, PBDE/HBCD, PAH’s and PFC’s as well as the ratios between various contaminants. the time series are also relevant for human consumption since important commercial fish species like herring and cod are sampled. A co-operation with the Swedish Food Administration is established. Sampling is also co-ordinated with SSI (Swedish Radiation Protection Authority) for analysing radionuclides in fish and blue mussels (HELCOM,1992). all analysed, and a large number of additional specimens, of the annually systematically collected material are stored frozen in the Environmental Specimen Bank. This invaluable material enables future retrospective studies of contaminants impossible to analyse today as well as control analyses of suspected analytical errors. although the programme is focused on contaminant concentration in biota, also the development of biological variables like e.g. condition factor (CF), liver somatic index (LSI) and fat content are monitored at all sites. At a few sites, integrated monitoring with fish physiology and population are running in co-operation with the University of Gothenburg and the Swedish Board of Fisheries. experiences from the national programme with several time series of over 30 years can be used in the design of regional and local monitoring programmes. the perfectly unique material of high quality and long time series is further used to explore relationships among biological variables and contaminant concentrations in various tissues; the effects of changes in sampling strategy, the estimates of variance components and the influence on the concept of power etc. the accessibility of high quality data collected and analysed in a consistent manner is an indispensable prerequisite to evaluate the validity of hypothesis and models concerning the fate and distribution of various contaminants. It could furthermore be used as input of ‘real’ data in the ongoing model building activities concerning marine ecosystems in general and in the Baltic and North Sea environment in particular. the contaminant programme in marine biota constitute an integrated part of the national monitoring activities in the marine environment as well as of the international programmes within ICES, OSPARCOM, HELCOM and EU. The present report displays the timeseries of analysed contaminants in biota and summarises the results from the statistical treatment. It does not in general give the background or explanations to significant changes found in the timeseries. Increasing concentrations thus, urge for intensified studies. Short comments are given for temporal trends as well as for spatial variation and, for some contaminants, differences in geometric mean concentration between various species caught at the same site. Sometimes notes of seasonal variation and differences in concentration between tissues in the same species are given. This information could say something about the relative appropriateness of the sampled matrix and be of help in designing monitoring programmes. In the temporal trend part, an extract of the relevant findings is summarised in the 'conclusion'-paragraph. It should be stressed though, that geographical differences may not reflect antropogenic influence but may be due to factors like productivity, temperature, salinity etc. The report is continuously updated. The date of the latest update is reported at the beginning of each chapter. The creation date of each figure is written in the lower left corner.
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38. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2011
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups –heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatichydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants has beenexamined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and inguillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overalltrends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the samesites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trendin both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increasesin fat content seen in herring (the last ten years) and cod at Fladen; an increase in conditionfor herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring; and in perch, a decrease in fat content atKvädöfjärden but no trend in condition for the same site.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not Hg) in 2004, values between 2003 and2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ITM, Stockholmuniversity.The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southernBothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. Theherring site in the southern Bothnain Sea indicates a local Hg-source. The rest of the timeseries show varying concentrations over the study period, and even increasing trends in e.g.cod muscle and blue mussels, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measuredconcentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. However, in most cases, theseconcentrations are above the newly suggested EU-target level of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length),supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. Elevated lead concentrations between2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regardingchange in analysis methods).Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It isworth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium,generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series beginwith two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and maygive a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing trends,possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper andzinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.
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39. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2012
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups –heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatichydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants has beenexamined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and inguillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overalltrends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the samesites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trendin both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increasesin fat content and condition factor seen in cod liver at both sites; an increase in conditionfor herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring; and in perch and eelpout, a decrease in fat content atKvädöfjärden (perch) and Väderöarna (eelpout) but no trend in condition for the same site.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not Hg) in 2004, values between 2003 and2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ITM, StockholmUniversity.The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southernBothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. Theherring site in the southern Bothnain Sea indicates a local Hg-source. The rest of the timeseries show varying concentrations over the study period, and even increasing trends in e.g.cod muscle and eelpout muscle from Väderöarna, but the concentrations are fairly lowcompared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. However,in most cases, these concentrations are above the newly suggested EU-target level of 20ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length),supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. Elevated lead concentrationsbetween 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see aboveregarding change in analysis methods).Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It isworth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium,generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series beginwith two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and maygive a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing trends,possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper andzinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.
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40. |
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41. |
- Borg, Tor, et al.
(författare)
-
Mått på bostadsbristen : Förslag på hur återkommande bedömningar ska utföras
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boverket fick i juni 2019 i uppdrag av regeringen att lämna förslag på hur återkommande bedömningar av bostadsbristen ska utföras samt att lämna förslag på enhetliga begrepp som ska användas vid kommunikation kring bostadsbristen. Avsikten är att de presenterade beräkningarna ska kunna användas i arbetet med bostadsförsörjningsfrågor och underlätta arbetet med att planera, utföra och följa upp insatser för att åtgärda bostadsbristen. Boverket har tagit fram en årlig beräkningsmodell där antalet hushåll som saknar en rimlig bostad beräknas på både nationell, regional och lokal nivå. Vad som är en rimlig bostad definieras enligt en uppsättning kriterier och normer. Kvantitativa mått visar hur många hushåll som har en boendesituation som inte uppfyller de olika kriterierna. Samråd har skett med Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) samt med Socialstyrelsen under uppdragets gång. Båda anser att de givits utrymme att framföra sin mening och har förklarat sig nöjda med samrådet. Avstämningar har också gjorts med en rad andra aktörer. Denna rapport utgör Boverkets slutredovisning av uppdraget. Rapporten har tagits fram av en projektgrupp bestående av Tor Borg, Bengt J Eriksson, Oskar Gramstad, Ulla-Christel Götherström, Hans Jonsson, Bo Söderberg och Hang Zettervall, med den förstnämnda som projektledare.
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42. |
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43. |
- Brown, A. G. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Gaia Data Release 2 Summary of the contents and survey properties
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. We present the second Gaia data release, Gaia DR2, consisting of astrometry, photometry, radial velocities, and information on astrophysical parameters and variability, for sources brighter than magnitude 21. In addition epoch astrometry and photometry are provided for a modest sample of minor planets in the solar system. Aims. A summary of the contents of Gaia DR2 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the differences with respect to Gaia DR1 and an overview of the main limitations which are still present in the survey. Recommendations are made on the responsible use of Gaia DR2 results. Methods. The raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 22 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into this second data release, which represents a major advance with respect to Gaia DR1 in terms of completeness, performance, and richness of the data products. Results. Gaia DR2 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.7 billion sources. For 1.3 billion of those sources, parallaxes and proper motions are in addition available. The sample of sources for which variability information is provided is expanded to 0 : 5 million stars. This data release contains four new elements: broad-band colour information in the form of the apparent brightness in the G(BP) (330-680 nm) and G(RP) (630-1050 nm) bands is available for 1.4 billion sources; median radial velocities for some 7 million sources are presented; for between 77 and 161 million sources estimates are provided of the stellar effective temperature, extinction, reddening, and radius and luminosity; and for a pre-selected list of 14 000 minor planets in the solar system epoch astrometry and photometry are presented. Finally, Gaia DR2 also represents a new materialisation of the celestial reference frame in the optical, the Gaia-CRF2, which is the first optical reference frame based solely on extragalactic sources. There are notable changes in the photometric system and the catalogue source list with respect to Gaia DR1, and we stress the need to consider the two data releases as independent. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 represents a major achievement for the Gaia mission, delivering on the long standing promise to provide parallaxes and proper motions for over 1 billion stars, and representing a first step in the availability of complementary radial velocity and source astrophysical information for a sample of stars in the Gaia survey which covers a very substantial fraction of the volume of our galaxy.
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44. |
- Carlgren, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Undervisningsutvecklande forskning. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789140695888 ; , s. 17-30
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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45. |
- Carlgren, Ingrid, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Undervisningsutvecklande forskning<em> </em>. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789140695888 ; , s. 17-30
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Undervisningens kvalitet och hur den ska förbättras har kommit i fokus i debatten om skolan. Ofta diskuteras generella lösningar, till exempel att lärarnas förväntningar på eleverna måste höjas. Undervisning har emellertid alltid ett konkret innehåll och genomförs med specifika grupper av elever. Därför måste förbättring av undervisning alltid utgå från såväl det specifika innehållet som de specifika eleverna.Undervisning är lärares professionella verksamhet. Den kan inte standardiseras eller mekaniseras utan måste planeras och genomföras i relation till och i interaktion med den specifika kontexten. I detta arbete behöver lärare kunskaper och teoretiska redskap för att problematisera, analysera och utveckla verksamheten.En långsiktig och hållbar utveckling av lärarnas professionella kunskapsbas förutsätter en stegvis och systematisk kunskapsutveckling. I den här boken visas hur en lärardriven och praktiknära forskning kan bidra till att utveckla kunskaper och redskap som kan utveckla undervisningen. Författarna ger exempel på hur forskning kan bidra till att belysa undervisning och lärande på ett sätt som har direkt relevans för lärarnas undervisning.
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46. |
- Ceynowa, Dylan J., et al.
(författare)
-
Morning Glory Disc Anomaly in childhood - a population-based study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 93:7, s. 626-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To report prevalence, ocular characteristics and coexisting neurological, behavioural, somatic and neuroradiological abnormalities in children and adolescents with morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA).Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, 12 patients with MGDA, aged 2-20years, were identified. All 12 agreed to ophthalmological assessments including visual functions, refraction, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ocular motor score (OMS). Neurological examinations and behavioural/developmental screening were carried out. Data from previous or new neuroradiological investigations were collected.Results: The prevalence of MGDA was 2.6/100000. MGDA was unilateral in 11/12 patients with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the MGDA eye ranging from hand motion to 0.65 (median 0.06). Severe microphthalmus prevented unilaterality to be determined in one adolescent. All patients had a binocular BCVA of 0.5. OMS showed abnormalities in pupil response, vestibulo-ocular reflex, stereo visual acuity, strabismus and convergence. OCT revealed peripapillary or macular oedema in 5/8 patients and foveal aplasia in 3/8 patients. Three patients had extensive capillary hemangiomas, of which one had PHACES syndrome and one had additional cerebrovascular anomalies and corpus callosum agenesis. Neuroradiology showed craniovascular anomalies in two patients. Neurology was mostly normal. Behavioural/developmental screening showed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in one patient.Conclusions: The prevalence data, previously not reported, of morning glory disc anomaly was 2.6/100 000. Coexisting retinal peripapillary or macular oedema was common, as were cerebral abnormalities and/or cutaneous vascular malformations. The associated findings may not be discovered through routine ophthalmological examination why OCT and neuroimaging are called for.
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47. |
- Cloete, Nico, et al.
(författare)
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Outroduction. A research agenda on collegiality in university settings
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research in the Sociology of Organizations. - 0733-558X. ; , s. 187-211
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collegiality is the modus operandi of universities. Collegiality is central to academic freedom and scientific quality. In this way, collegiality also contributes to the good functioning of universities’ contribution to society and democracy. In this concluding paper of the special issue on collegiality, we summarize the main findings and takeaways from our collective studies. We summarize the main challenges and contestations to collegiality and to universities, but also document lines of resistance, activation, and maintenance. We depict varieties of collegiality and conclude by emphasizing that future research needs to be based on an appreciation of this variation. We argue that it is essential to incorporate such a variation-sensitive perspective into discussions on academic freedom and scientific quality and highlight themes surfaced by the different studies that remain under-explored in extant literature: institutional trust, field-level studies of collegiality, and collegiality and communication. Finally, we offer some remarks on methodological and theoretical implications of this research and conclude by summarizing our research agenda in a list of themes.
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48. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Barbara Czarniawska. Organizational change: Fashions, Institutions and Translations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Szabla, David B., Pasmore, William A., Barnes, Mary A., & Gipson, Asha N. (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319498201
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining neo-institutionalism, actor network theory, and Gabriel Tarde’s sociology, Czarniawska considers the key driver of organizational change to be imitation but an imitation that rests on translation. Organizations emulate one another by translating fashionable ideas according to their understanding, traditions, needs, and means. As translation in this tradition always entails a transformation of the translated idea or object, unexpected consequences will be expected. She does not consider these consequences to be necessarily negative; however, because if stabilized and institutionalized, unintended change can turn out to be as positive as planned change. A further strength of Czarniawska’s is her ability to provide methodological tools that follow the translation processes for change: organizational ethnographies, narrative methodology, and shadowing.
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49. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, et al.
(författare)
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Barbara Czarniawska : Organizational change - fashions, institutions, and translations
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319528779 - 9783319528786 ; , s. 361-377
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining neo-institutionalism, actor network theory, and Gabriel Tarde's sociology, Czarniawska considers the key driver of organizational change to be imitation but an imitation that rests on translation. Organizations emulate one another by translating fashionable ideas according to their understanding, traditions, needs, and means. As translation in this tradition always entails a transformation of the translated idea or object, unexpected consequences will be expected. She does not consider these consequences to be necessarily negative; however, because if stabilized and institutionalized, unintended change can turn out to be as positive as planned change. A further strength of Czarniawska's is her ability to provide methodological tools that follow the translation processes for change: Organizational ethnographies, narrative methodology, and shadowing.
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50. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, et al.
(författare)
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Czarniawska, Barbara : Organizational Change – Fashions, Institutions, and Translations
- 2021. - Second Edition
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Ingår i: The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030383237 - 9783030383244 ; 1-2, s. 467-484
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining neo-institutionalism, actor network theory, and Gabriel Tarde’s sociology, Czarniawska considers the key driver of organizational change to be imitation but an imitation that rests on translation. Organizations emulate one another by translating fashionable ideas according to their understanding, traditions, needs, and means. As translation in this tradition always entails a transformation of the translated idea or object, unexpected consequences will be expected. She does not consider these consequences to be necessarily negative; however, because if stabilized and institutionalized, unintended change can turn out to be as positive as planned change. A further strength of Czarniawska’s is her ability to provide methodological tools that follow the translation processes for change: organizational ethnographies, narrative methodology, and shadowing.
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