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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 7. |
- Gonzalez, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Genome analysis of the proteorhodopsin-containing marine bacterium Polaribacter sp. MED152 (Flavobacteria)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:25, s. 8724-8729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of marine cyanobacteria and proteobacteria genomes has provided a profound understanding of the life strategies of these organisms and their ecotype differentiation and metabolisms. However, a comparable analysis of the Bacteroidetes, the third major bacterioplankton group, is still lacking. In the present paper, we report on the genome of Polaribacter sp. strain MED152. On the one hand, MED152 contains a substantial number of genes for attachment to surfaces or particles, gliding motility, and polymer degradation. This agrees with the currently assumed life strategy of marine Bacteroidetes. On the other hand, it contains the proteorhoclopsin gene, together with a remarkable suite of genes to sense and respond to light, which may provide a survival advantage in the nutrient-poor sun-lit ocean surface when in search of fresh particles to colonize. Furthermore, an increase in CO2 fixation in the light suggests that the limited central metabolism is complemented by anaplerotic inorganic carbon fixation. This is mediated by a unique combination of membrane transporters and carboxylases. This suggests a dual life strategy that, if confirmed experimentally, would be notably different from what is known of the two other main bacterial groups (the autotrophic cyanobacteria and the heterotrophic proteobacteria) in the surface oceans. The Polaribacter genome provides insights into the physiological capabilities of proteorhodopsin-containing bacteria. The genome will serve as a model to study the cellular and molecular processes in bacteria that express proteorhoclopsin, their adaptation to the oceanic environment, and their role in carbon-cycling.
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| 8. |
- Tinetti, G., et al.
(författare)
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A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 46:1, s. 135-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.
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| 10. |
- Perez-Nadales, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales : The impact of cytomegalovirus disease and lymphopenia
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : WILEY. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 20:6, s. 1629-1641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop a specific score to predict mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections. A multinational, retrospective (2004-2016) cohort study (INCREMENT-SOT, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852902) was performed. The main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality. The INCREMENT-SOT-CPE score was developed using logistic regression. The global cohort included 216 patients. The final logistic regression model included the following variables: INCREMENT-CPE mortality score >= 8 (8 points), no source control (3 points), inappropriate empirical therapy (2 points), cytomegalovirus disease (7 points), lymphopenia (4 points), and the interaction between INCREMENT-CPE score >= 8 and CMV disease (minus 7 points). This score showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.88) and classified patients into 3 strata: 0-7 (low mortality), 8-11 (high mortality), and 12-17 (very-high mortality). We performed a stratified analysis of the effect of monotherapy vs combination therapy among 165 patients who received appropriate therapy. Monotherapy was associated with higher mortality only in the very-high (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.13-7.06, P = .03) and high (HR 9.93, 95% CI 2.08-47.40, P = .004) mortality risk strata. A score-based algorithm is provided for therapy guidance.
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| 11. |
- Razis, E., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the management of carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer globally: a study by the Breast International Group Brain Metastasis Task Force
- 2022
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a severe complication of breast cancer. The Breast International Group (BIG) carried out a survey to describe the approach to CM internationally. Patients and methods: A questionnaire on the management of CM was developed by the Brain Metastases Task Force of BIG and distributed to its groups, requesting one answer per group site. Results: A total of 241 sites responded, 119 from Europe, 9 from North America, 39 from Central/South America, 58 from Asia, and 16 in Australia/New Zealand, with 24.5% being general hospitals with oncology units, 44.4% university hospitals, 22.4% oncology centers, and 8.7% private hospitals. About 56.0% of sites reported seeing <5 cases annually with 60.6% reporting no increase in the number of cases of CM recently. Nearly 63.1% of sites investigate for CM when a patient has symptoms or radiological evidence, while 33.2% investigate only for symptoms. For diagnosis, 71.8% of sites required a positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology, while magnetic resonance imaging findings were sufficient in 23.7% of sites. Roughly 97.1% of sites treat CM and 51.9% also refer patients to palliative care. Intrathecal therapy is used in 41.9% of sites, mainly with methotrexate (74.3%). As many as 20 centers have a national registry for patients with breast cancer with central nervous system metastases and of those 5 have one for CM. Most (90.9%) centers would be interested in participating in a registry as well as in studies for CM, the latter preferably (62.1%) breast cancer subtype specific. Conclusions: This is the first study to map out the approach to CM from breast cancer globally. Although guidelines with level 1 evidence are lacking, there is a high degree of homogeneity in the approach to CM globally and great interest for conducting studies in this area.
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| 12. |
- Afifi, K., et al.
(författare)
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Features of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267, s. 3292-3298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is associated with intracranial hemorrhage. Aim To identify clinical and imaging features of CVT-associated intracranial hemorrhage. We hypothesized that higher clot burden would be associated with a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of an international, multicenter cohort of patients with confirmed cerebral venous thrombosis who underwent computed tomography within 2 weeks of symptom onset. Clinical and imaging features were compared between patients with and without intracranial hemorrhage. Clot burden was assessed by counting the number of thrombosed venous sinuses and veins on confirmatory imaging. Results We enrolled 260 patients from 10 institutions in Europe and Mexico. The mean age was 42 years and 74% were female. Intracranial hemorrhage was found in 102 (39%). Among them parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 64 (63%), in addition, small juxta-cortical hemorrhage was found in 30 (29%), subarachnoid hemorrhage in 24 (24%) and subdural hemorrhage in 11 (11%). Multiple concomitant types of hemorrhage occurred in 23 (23%). Older age and superior sagittal thrombosis involvement were associated with presence of hemorrhage. The number of thrombosed venous sinuses was not associated with intracranial hemorrhage (median number IQRInterquartile ratio] of sinuses/veins involved with hemorrhage 2 (1-3) vs. 2 (1-3) without hemorrhage,p = 0.4). Conclusion The high rate of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis is not explained by widespread involvement of the venous sinuses. Superior sagittal sinus involvement is associated with higher bleeding risk.
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| 15. |
- Batlle, X., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Al/AlOx bilayers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 91:12, s. 10163-10168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Nb/Al wedge bilayers, oxidized by both plasma and natural oxidation, is reported. The main goal is to show that the oxidation state-i.e., O:(oxidize)Al ratio-, structure and thickness of the surface oxide layer, as well as the thickness of the metallic Al leftover, as functions of the oxidation procedure, can be quantitatively evaluated from the XPS spectra. This is relevant to the detailed characterization of the insulating barriers in (magnetic) tunnel junctions.
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| 16. |
- Batlle, X., et al.
(författare)
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The oxidation state at tunnel junction interfaces
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 260:02-jan, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxidation state at the interfaces of Nb/Al-AlOx/Pb junctions is discussed. Conductance-voltage curves below and above the superconducting temperature suggest tunneling conduction, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the existence of a thin AlOx layer at the Nb/Al interface. We demonstrate that at the usual 10(-7) Torr range of base pressures in the sputtering chamber, this is due to the time elapsed between the deposition of the Nb and Al bottom layers, in both Nb/Al-AlOx/Pb tunnel junctions and Nb/Al bilayers. We also give some direct evidence of the oxidation of the top Pb electrode on the Nb electrode surface. Such oxidation probably occurs at the pinholes of the intermediate Al-AlOx layer of the tunnel junctions, as a consequence of the oxidation state at the Nb/Al interface, which helps to avoid barrier shorts and enhances the quality of the tunnel barrier. We therefore suggest that there is oxide formation in other places besides where there is an actual oxide deposited. This is relevant for the performance of magnetic tunnel junctions since in most tunneling studies it is assumed that once the oxide is deposited, that is the only place where there is an oxide. This is also a very general statement applicable to thin film systems.
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| 17. |
- Borsato, M., et al.
(författare)
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Unleashing the full power of LHCb to probe stealth new physics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reports on Progress in Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 85:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the potential of the LHCb experiment to detect stealth physics. This refers to dynamics beyond the standard model that would elude searches that focus on energetic objects or precision measurements of known processes. Stealth signatures include long-lived particles and light resonances that are produced very rarely or together with overwhelming backgrounds. We will discuss why LHCb is equipped to discover this kind of physics at the Large Hadron Collider and provide examples of well-motivated theoretical models that can be probed with great detail at the experiment.
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| 18. |
- Buyck, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy of noncontrast CT imaging markers in cerebral venous thrombosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 92:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To assess the added diagnostic value of semiquantitative imaging markers on noncontrast CT scans in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Methods In a retrospective, multicenter, blinded, case-control study of patients with recent onset (<2 weeks) CVT, 3 readers assessed (1) the accuracy of the visual impression of CVT based on a combination of direct and indirect signs, (2) the accuracy of attenuation values of the venous sinuses in Hounsfield units (with adjustment for hematocrit levels), and (3) the accuracy of attenuation ratios of affected vs unaffected sinuses in comparison with reference standard MRI or CT angiography. Controls were age-matched patients with (sub)acute neurologic presentations. Results We enrolled 285 patients with CVT and 303 controls from 10 international centers. Sensitivity of visual impression of thrombosis ranged from 41% to 73% and specificity ranged from 97% to 100%. Attenuation measurement had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.81). After adjustment for hematocrit, the AUC remained 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.81). The analysis of attenuation ratios of affected vs unaffected sinuses had AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.8-0.86). Adding this imaging marker significantly improved discrimination, but sensitivity when tolerating a false-positive rate of 20% was not higher than 76% (95% CI 0.70-0.81). Conclusion Semiquantitative analysis of attenuation values for diagnosis of CVT increased sensitivity but still failed to identify 1 out of 4 CVT. Classification of evidence This study provides Class II evidence that visual analysis of plain CT with or without attenuation measurements has high specificity but only moderate sensitivity for CVT.
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| 19. |
- Cavieres, Lohengrin A., et al.
(författare)
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Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-0248 .- 1461-023X. ; 17:2, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions among species determine local-scale diversity, but local interactions are thought to have minor effects at larger scales. However, quantitative comparisons of the importance of biotic interactions relative to other drivers are rarely made at larger scales. Using a data set spanning 78 sites and five continents, we assessed the relative importance of biotic interactions and climate in determining plant diversity in alpine ecosystems dominated by nurse-plant cushion species. Climate variables related with water balance showed the highest correlation with richness at the global scale. Strikingly, although the effect of cushion species on diversity was lower than that of climate, its contribution was still substantial. In particular, cushion species enhanced species richness more in systems with inherently impoverished local diversity. Nurse species appear to act as a ‘safety net’ sustaining diversity under harsh conditions, demonstrating that climate and species interactions should be integrated when predicting future biodiversity effects of climate change.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Escudero-Martinez, I, et al.
(författare)
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Association of statin pre-treatment with baseline stroke severity and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke and received reperfusion treatment: An observational study
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4949. ; 18:2, s. 201-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statins have an important role in stroke prevention, especially in high-risk populations and may also affect the initial stroke severity and outcomes in patients taking them before an ischemic stroke. Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the association of statin pre-treatment with the severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We analyzed AIS patients received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and recorded in the SITS International Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry from 2011 to 2017. We identified patients with statin information at baseline. The primary outcome was baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Secondary outcomes were NIHSS score at 24 h, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) and functional outcome at 90 days after acute intervention. Multivariable linear and logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to quantify the effect of statin pre-treatment. Results: Of 93,849 patients, 23,651 (25.2%) were treated with statins prior the AIS. Statin pre-treatment group was older and had higher comorbidity. Median NIHSS at baseline was similar between groups. In the adjusted and PSM analysis, statin pre-treatment was inversely associated with baseline NIHSS (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6–0.99 and OR for PSM 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54–0.99, p = 0.004) and independently associated with mild stroke defined as NIHSS ⩽8 in adjusted and PSM analysis (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.1–1.34, p < 0.001 and OR for PSM 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05–1.31, p = 0.007). Regarding secondary outcomes, there were no differences in functional outcomes, death nor SICH rates between groups. Conclusion: Prior treatment with statins was associated with lower NIHSS at baseline. However, this association did not translate into any difference regarding functional outcome at 90 days. No association was found regarding SICH. These findings indicate the need of further studies to assess the effect on statin pre-treatment on initial stroke severity.
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| 22. |
- Escudero-Martinez, I, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral Edema in Patients with severe Hemispheric Syndrome: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes-Data from SITS-ISTR
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of stroke. - : Korean Stroke Society. - 2287-6391 .- 2287-6405. ; 25:1, s. 101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose Cerebral edema (CED) in ischemic stroke can worsen prognosis and about 70% of patients who develop severe CED die if treated conservatively. We aimed to describe incidence, risk factors and outcomes of CED in patients with extensive ischemia.Methods Oservational study based on Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke-International Stroke Treatment Registry (2003–2019). Severe hemispheric syndrome (SHS) at baseline and persistent SHS (pSHS) at 24 hours were defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) >15. Outcomes were moderate/severe CED detected by neuroimaging, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and death at 90 days.Results Patients (n=8,560) presented with SHS and developed pSHS at 24 hours; 82.2% received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), 10.5% IVT+thrombectomy, and 7.3% thrombectomy alone. Median age was 77 and NIHSS 21. Of 7,949 patients with CED data, 3,780 (47.6%) had any CED and 2,297 (28.9%) moderate/severe CED. In the multivariable analysis, age <50 years (relative risk [RR], 1.56), signs of acute infarct (RR, 1.29), hyperdense artery sign (RR, 1.39), blood glucose >128.5 mg/dL (RR, 1.21), and decreased level of consciousness (RR, 1.14) were associated with moderate/severe CED (for all P<0.05). Patients with moderate/severe CED had lower odds to achieve functional Independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.55) and higher odds of death at 90 days (aOR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.14 to 3.02).Conclusions In patients with extensive ischemia, the most important predictors for moderate/ severe CED were age <50, high blood glucose, signs of acute infarct, hyperdense artery on baseline scans, and decreased level of consciousness. CED was associated with worse functional outcome and a higher risk of death at 3 months.
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| 23. |
- Escudero-Martinez, I, et al.
(författare)
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Dabigatran initiation in patients with non-valvular AF and first acute ischaemic stroke: a retrospective observational study from the SITS registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:5, s. e037234-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimal timing for initiation of dabigatran after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is not established. We aimed to evaluate initiation timing and clinical outcomes of dabigatran in AIS patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).DesignRetrospective study based on prospectively collected data in SITS (Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke) Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry from July 2014 to July 2018.ParticipantsEuropean NVAF patients (≥18 years) hospitalised after first-ever ischaemic stroke.SettingA multinational, observational monitoring register.InterventionDabigatran initiation within 3 months after the ischaemic stroke.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was time from first-ever ischaemic stroke (index event) to dabigatran initiation. Additional outcomes included physicians’ reasons for delaying dabigatran initiation beyond acute hospital discharge and outcomes within 3 months of index event.MethodsWe identified patients with NVAF who received dabigatran within 3 months of the index event. We performed descriptive statistics for baseline and demographic data and clinical outcomes after dabigatran initiation.ResultsIn total, 1489 patients with NVAF received dabigatran after AIS treated with thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy. Of these, 1240 had available initiation time. At baseline, median age was 75 years; 53% of patients were women, 15% were receiving an oral anticoagulant, 29% acetylsalicylic acid and 4% clopidogrel. Most patients (82%) initiated dabigatran within 14 days after the index event. Patients initiating earlier had lower stroke severity from median NIHSS 8 (IQR 6–13) if initiated within 7 days to NIHSS 15 (9–19) if initiated between 28 days and 3 months. Most common reasons for delaying initiation were haemorrhagic transformation or intracranial haemorrhage, stroke severity and infarct size. Few thrombotic/haemorrhagic events occurred within 3 months after the index event (20 of 926 patients, 2.2% with the available data).ConclusionsOur findings, together with previous observational studies, indicate that dabigatran initiated within the first days after an AIS is safe in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy or both.Trial registration numberSITS Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry (NCT03258645).
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| 24. |
- Escudero-Martnez, I, et al.
(författare)
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Association of cholesterol levels with hemorrhagic transformation and cerebral edema after reperfusion therapies
- 2023
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Ingår i: European stroke journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9881 .- 2396-9873. ; 8:1, s. 294-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between cholesterol levels and cerebral edema (CED) or hemorrhagic transformation (HT) as an expressions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after ischemic stroke is not well established. The aim of this study is to determine the association of total cholesterol (TC) levels with the incidence of HT and CED after reperfusion therapies. Methods: We analyzed SITS Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry data from January 2011 to December 2017. We identified patients with data on TC levels at baseline. TC values were categorized in three groups (reference group ⩾200 mg/dl). The two primary outcomes were any parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) and moderate to severe CED on follow up imaging. Secondary outcomes included death and functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 3 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline factors including statin pretreatment was used to assess the association between TC levels and outcomes. Results: Of 35,314 patients with available information on TC levels at baseline, 3372 (9.5%) presented with TC levels ⩽130 mg/dl, 8203 (23.2%) with TC 130–200 mg/dl and 23,739 (67.3%) with TC ⩾ 200 mg/dl. In the adjusted analyses, TC level as continuous variable was inversely associated with moderate to severe CED (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.025) and as categorical variable lower TC levels were associated with a higher risk of moderate to severe CED (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.40, p = 0.003). TC levels were not associated with any PH, functional independence, and mortality at 3 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicate an independent association between low levels of TC and higher odds of moderate/severe CED. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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| 25. |
- Escudero-Pascual, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Questioning lawful access to traffic data
- 2004
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Ingår i: Communications of the ACM. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0001-0782 .- 1557-7317. ; 47:3, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The debate and issues concerning access to traffic data is discussed. The access to traffic data for law enforcement is a traditional tool for investigation and intelligence gathering. The regulatory environment surrounding technology is transforming after few successes and many missteps. The content, copyright, and cryptography policy processes results in the emergence of technology policy innovations. The concept of Internationalization of policy making, and technology-neural policies are the new innovations along with the involvement of some risk factors.
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| 28. |
- Fernandez-Escudero, I, et al.
(författare)
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Dependent colony founding in the ant Proformica longiseta
- 2001
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Ingår i: INSECTES SOCIAUX. - : BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG. - 0020-1812. ; 48:1, s. 80-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In polygynous ants, queens often found new nests dependently by budding, where one or more queens leave the old nest with some workers and establish a new one. Even though budding is assumed to be relatively common in polygynous ants, it has rarely been d
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Lindahl, Niklas, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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High Specific and Mass Activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Thin Film Catalysts of Sputtered Pt3Y
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 4:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fuel cells have the potential to play an important role in sustainable energy systems, provided that catalysts with higher activity and stability are developed. In this work, it is found that thin alloy films of single-target cosputtered platinum-yttrium exhibit up to seven times higher specific activity (13.4 +/- 0.4 mA cm(-2)) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than poly-crystalline platinum, and up to one order of magnitude higher mass activity (3.5 +/- 0.3 A mg(-1)) than platinum nanoparticles. These alloys have the highest reported ORR activity for an as-deposited material, i.e., without any additional chemical or thermal treatment. The films show an improvement in stability over the same materials in nanoparticulate form. Physical characterization shows that the thin films form a platinum overlayer supported on an underlying alloy. The high activity is likely related to compressive strain in that overlayer. As sputtering can be used to mass-produce fuel cell electrodes, the results open new possibilities for the preparation of platinum-rare earth metal alloy catalysts in commercial devices.
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| 33. |
- Madrigal-Gonzalez, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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Climate reverses directionality in the richness-abundance relationship across the World's main forest biomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More tree species can increase the carbon storage capacity of forests (here referred to as the more species hypothesis) through increased tree productivity and tree abundance resulting from complementarity, but they can also be the consequence of increased tree abundance through increased available energy (more individuals hypothesis). To test these two contrasting hypotheses, we analyse the most plausible pathways in the richness-abundance relationship and its stability along global climatic gradients. We show that positive effect of species richness on tree abundance only prevails in eight of the twenty-three forest regions considered in this study. In the other forest regions, any benefit from having more species is just as likely (9 regions) or even less likely (6 regions) than the effects of having more individuals. We demonstrate that diversity effects prevail in the most productive environments, and abundance effects become dominant towards the most limiting conditions. These findings can contribute to refining cost-effective mitigation strategies based on fostering carbon storage through increased tree diversity. Specifically, in less productive environments, mitigation measures should promote abundance of locally adapted and stress tolerant tree species instead of increasing species richness. Correlations between tree species diversity and tree abundance are well established, but the direction of the relationship is unresolved. Here the authors use path models to estimate plausible causal pathways in the diversity-abundance relationship across 23 global forests regions, finding a lack of general support for a positive diversity-abundance relationship, which is prevalent in the most productive lands on Earth only
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| 34. |
- Parra, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers for dementia in Latin American countries: Gaps and opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:2, s. 721-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limited knowledge on dementia biomarkers in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries remains a serious barrier. Here, we reported a survey to explore the ongoing work, needs, interests, potential barriers, and opportunities for future studies related to biomarkers. The results show that neuroimaging is the most used biomarker (73%), followed by genetic studies (40%), peripheral fluids biomarkers (31%), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (29%). Regarding barriers in LAC, lack of funding appears to undermine the implementation of biomarkers in clinical or research settings, followed by insufficient infrastructure and training. The survey revealed that despite the above barriers, the region holds a great potential to advance dementia biomarkers research. Considering the unique contributions that LAC could make to this growing field, we highlight the urgent need to expand biomarker research. These insights allowed us to propose an action plan that addresses the recommendations for a biomarker framework recently proposed by regional experts.
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| 35. |
- Pelaz, B, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 11:3, s. 2313-2381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 36. |
- Siahrostami, Samira, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4660 .- 1476-1122. ; 12:12, s. 1137-1143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future generations require more efficient and localized processes for energy conversion and chemical synthesis. The continuous on-site production of hydrogen peroxide would provide an attractive alternative to the present state-of-the-art, which is based on the complex anthraquinone process. The electrochemical reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide is a particularly promising means of achieving this aim. However, it would require active, selective and stable materials to catalyse the reaction. Although progress has been made in this respect, further improvements through the development of new electrocatalysts are needed. Using density functional theory calculations, we identify Pt-Hg as a promising candidate. Electrochemical measurements on Pt-Hg nanoparticles show more than an order of magnitude improvement in mass activity, that is, Ag-1 precious metal, for H2O2 production, over the best performing catalysts in the literature.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Tye, Matthew R., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing seed and microsite limitation on population dynamics of a gypsophyte through experimental soil crust disturbance and seed addition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology. - : SPRINGER. - 1385-0237 .- 1573-5052. ; 218:5, s. 595-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the factors limiting population growth is crucial for species management and conservation. We assessed the effects of seed and microsite limitation, along with climate variables, on Helianthemum squamatum, a gypsum soil specialist, in two sites in central Spain. We evaluated the effects of experimental seed addition and soil crust disturbance on H. squamatum vital rates (survival, growth and reproduction) across four years. We used this information to build integral projection models (IPMs) for each combination of management (seed addition or soil disturbance), site and year. We examined differences in population growth rate (lambda) due to management using life table response experiments. Soil crust disturbance increased survival of mid to large size individuals and germination. Contributions to lambda of positive individual growth (progression) and negative individual growth (retrogression) due to managements varied among years and sites. Soil crust disturbance increased lambda in the site with the highest plant density, and seed addition had a moderate positive effect on lambda in the site with lowest plant density. Population growth rate (lambda) decreased by half in the driest year. Differences in management effects between sites may represent a shift from seed to microsite limitation at increasing densities. This shift underscores the importance of considering what factors limit population growth when selecting a management strategy.
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| 40. |
- Wheeler, David C., et al.
(författare)
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The dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (DAPA-CKD) trial : baseline characteristics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - OXFORD ENGLAND : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 35:10, s. 1700-1711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD; NCT03036150) trial was designed to assess the effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on kidney and cardiovascular events in participants with CKD with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). This analysis reports the baseline characteristics of those recruited, comparing them with those enrolled in other trials. Methods. In DAPA-CKD, 4304 participants with a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) <= 200mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25 and 75mL/min/1.73m(2) were randomized to dapagliflozin 10mg once daily or placebo. Mean eGFR was 43.1mL/min/1.73m(2) and median UACR was 949 mg/g (108mg/mmol). Results. Overall, 2906 participants (68%) had a diagnosis of T2D and of these, 396 had CKD ascribed to a cause other than diabetes. The most common causes of CKD after diabetes (n = 2510) were ischaemic/hypertensive nephropathy (n = 687) and chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 695), of which immunoglobulin A nephropathy (n = 270) was the most common. A total of 4174 participants (97%) were receiving an angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, 1882 (43.7%) diuretics, 229 (5.3%) mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and 122 (2.8%) glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. In contrast to the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE), the DAPA-CKD trial enrolled participants with CKD due to diabetes and to causes other than diabetes. The mean eGFR of participants in the DAPA-CKD trial was 13.1mL/min/1.73m(2) lower than in CREDENCE, similar to that in the Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in DKD (FIDELIO-DKD) trial and the Study Of diabetic Nephropathy with AtRasentan (SONAR). Conclusions. Participants with a wide range of underlying kidney diseases receiving renin-angiotensin system blocking therapy have been enrolled in the DAPA-CKD trial. The trial will examine the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in participants with CKD Stages 2-4 and increased albuminuria, with and without T2D.
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| 41. |
- Åkerman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Criteria for ferromagnetic-insulator-ferromagnetic tunneling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 240:03-jan, s. 86-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rowell criteria, commonly used to identify tunneling in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), are scrutinized. While neither the exponential-thickness dependence of the conductivity nor fits of non-linear transport data are found to be reliable tunneling criteria, the temperature-dependent conductivity does remain a solid criterion. Based on experimental studies of the bias and temperature-dependent resistance and magnetoresistance of MTJs, with and without shorted barriers, a new set of criteria is formulated.
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