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1.	Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (author) 54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder 2017 In: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412. Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT \| PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
2.	Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (author) Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension 2017 In: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511. Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
3.	Andreasson, Anna Nixon, et al. (author) Inflammation and positive affect are associated with subjective health in women of the general population 2013 In: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 18:3, s. 311-320 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Poor subjective health has been associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. We investigated whether such an association would apply to women of the general population. Levels of cytokines, affect and subjective health were assessed in 347 women of the general population aged 45 to 90 years. Higher levels of interleukin-6 were associated with poor subjective health, especially in participants over 65 years of age. Positive affect was a more robust determinant of subjective health than negative affect. The presence of low-grade inflammation and absence of positive affect, rather than presence of negative affect, may be important determinants of subjective health.
4.	Ebbevi, David, et al. (author) Ignoring and collective passivity in relation to information systems : How actors avoided engagement with data about wait times in Swedish healthcare 2024 In: Information and Organization. - 1471-7727 .- 1873-7919. ; 34:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Although digital technology (DT) is often introduced with the aim of enhancing organizational knowledge transfer and learning, these aims often fail to materialize. The information systems (IS) literature attributes such unexpected outcomes to inappropriate technology design and implementation, as well as to overuse, misuse, and non-use of technology. However, we know little about how actors misuse or fail to use technology and data, thereby failing to acquire and act upon the knowledge necessary to achieve organizational learning. Leveraging the literature on strategic ignorance, we explore how actors expected to use technology for learning purposes justify their non-engagement with it. Studying an implementation of a DT with the purpose of facilitating organizational learning on basis of provided data in health care, we identify seven ignoring justifications through which the target users of the DT avoided key knowledge acquisition and knowledge-based action activities. These sensemaking behaviors accumulated to a state of collective passivity in relation to the DT. Our conceptualization contributes to and connects theories of organizational learning in the IS literature and strategic ignoring.
5.	Essén, Anna, et al. (author) Farlig innovation : Vad kan vi lära av Macchiarini skandalen? 2023 In: Management of Innovation and Technology : forskningsinformation från stiftelsen IMIT - Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology. - : Stiftelsen IMIT (Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology). - 2002-8873. ; , s. 6-7 Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract Karolinska drömde stort: ett Nobelpris skulle komma med geniet Macchiarini. De 'innovativa' metoder Macchiarini utvecklade var dock skadliga. Några synade hans bluff tidigt: visselblåsarna. Under många år avfärdades och misstänkliggjordes denna lilla grupp. Allt medan bedragaren fick fortsätta. Den akademiska hierarkin skyddade Macchiarini. Hans förmenta 'mod' motiverade ett etiskt undantagstillstånd. Byråkratiska regler blev den sköld som ansvariga ställde sig bakom.
6.	Hauffman, Anna, et al. (author) Cocreated internet-based stepped care for individuals with cancer and concurrent symptoms of anxiety and depression : Results from the U-CARE AdultCan randomized controlled trial 2020 In: Psycho-Oncology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 29:12, s. 2012-2018 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective The aim was to evaluate the effects of cocreated internet-based stepped care (iCAN-DO) on anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with cancer and self-reported anxiety and/or depression symptoms, compared with standard care.Methods Clinically recruited individuals with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer underwent online screening with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Those with anxiety and/or depression symptoms (>7 on any of the HADS subscales) were randomized to iCAN-DO or standard care. iCAN-DO comprised psychoeducation and self-care strategies (step 1) and internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT, step 2). Data were collected before randomization and at 1, 4, 7, and 10 months and analyzed with intention-to-treat regression analysis and randomization tests.Results Online screening identified 245 (27%) of 909 individuals who reported anxiety and/or depression symptoms. They were randomized to iCAN-DO (n = 124) or standard care (n = 121). Of them 49% completed the 10-month assessment, and in the iCAN-DO group 85% accessed step 1 and 13% underwent iCBT. iCAN-DO decreased the levels of symptoms of depression (−0.54, 95% confidence interval: −1.08 to −0.01, P < .05) and the proportion of individuals with symptoms of depression (P < .01) at 10 months, compared with standard care, according to HADS. There were no significant effects on anxiety, posttraumatic stress, or HRQoL.Conclusion Internet-based stepped care improves symptoms of depression in individuals with cancer. Further studies are needed to gain knowledge on how to optimize and implement internet-based support in oncology care.
7.	Krohwinkel Karlsson, Anna, et al. (author) Assessing Whether Mission-Driven Innovation Makes a Difference: Mission Impossible? Developing a Guiding Framework for the Evaluation of Five Mission Driven Environments for Health in Sweden 2022 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Mission-driven innovation (MDI) policies are founded on governmental attempts to address fundamental but complex societal challenges. The rationale behind such attempts is typically to influence the directionality of innovation towards addressing the perceived challenge. This report focuses on a particular instance of MDI policy executed by Sweden’s innovation agency, Vinnova: the funding of five so-called “mission-driven environments” (MDEs) in 2019. The policy in question is called ‘Vision-Driven Health’ and was initiated in 2019 to support the establishment of inter-organizational and cross-disciplinary coalitions that work towards a common vision and a long-term systemic transformation within the Swedish health care and life science sector.
8.	Människan i skogen, skogen i människan : Miun Research Exhibition 2021 Artistic workabstract Med utställningen Människan i skogen, skogen i människan vill projektet belysa ett antal aktuella och viktiga frågor för vår region och samtid, samlade under ett tema: skog och hållbar utveckling. I utställningen får besökaren möta kunskap och perspektiv från fem forskare och forskargrupper vid Mittuniversitetet. Forskarna är verksamma inom biologi, ekoteknik, historia, litteraturvetenskap respektive turismvetenskap. Forskningens olika perspektiv länkas i utställningen samman genom sina förhållningssätt till tid, såsom avgörande för förståelse, kunskap och handling. De olika forskningsinriktningarna visar också fram spänningar mellan olika synsätt på skog och kan tillsammans ge flera svar och berättelser om skogens värden. En arbetsgrupp vid Universitetsbiblioteket står för gestaltning och produktion av utställningen.
9.	van Essen, TA, et al. (author) Variation in neurosurgical management of traumatic brain injury: a survey in 68 centers participating in the CENTER-TBI study 2019 In: Acta neurochirurgica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-0940 .- 0001-6268. ; 161:3, s. 435-449 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
10.	Ander, Malin, et al. (author) Guided Internet-Administered Self-Help to Reduce Symptoms Of Anxiety and Depression Among Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer During Adolescence (U-CARE: YoungCan) : study protocol for a feasibility trial 2017 In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Introduction A subgroup of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer during adolescence reports elevated levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and unmet needs for psychological support. Evidence-based psychological treatments tailored for this population are lacking. This protocol describes a feasibility study of a guided-internet-administered self-help programme (YoungCan) primarily targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression among young persons diagnosed with cancer during adolescence and of the planned study procedures for a future controlled trial. Methods/analysis The study is an uncontrolled feasibility trial with a pre-post and 3-month follow-up design. Potential participants aged 15-25years, diagnosed with cancer during adolescence, will be identified via the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry. 30 participants will be included. Participants will receive YoungCan, a 12-week therapist-guided, internet-administered self-help programme consisting primarily of cognitive-behavioural therapy organised into individually assigned modules targeting depressive symptoms, worry and anxiety, body dissatisfaction and post-traumatic stress. Interactive peer support and psychoeducative functions are also available. Feasibility outcomes include: recruitment and eligibility criteria; data collection; attrition; resources needed to complete the study and programme; safety procedures; participants' and therapists' adherence to the programme; and participants' acceptability of the programme and study methodology. Additionally, mechanisms of impact will be explored and data regarding symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, body dissatisfaction, reactions to social interactions, quality of life, axis I diagnoses according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and healthcare service use will be collected. Exploratory analyses of changes in targeted outcomes will be conducted. Ethics/dissemination This feasibility protocol was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (ref: 2016/210). Findings will be disseminated to relevant research, clinical, health service and patient communities through publications in peer-reviewed and popular science journals and presentations at scientific and clinical conferences.
11.	Arvidsson, Anna, 1971-, et al. (author) Being questioned as parents: : An interview studywith Swedish commissioning parents usingtransnational surrogacy 2019 In: Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-6618. ; 8, s. 23-31 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study sought to explore how Swedish parents who had commissioned surrogacy abroad experienced the process ofparenthood recognition. The study consisted of in-depth interviews with five couples and 10 individuals representing 10 additionalcouples who had used surrogacy abroad, mainly in India. The construction of motherhood and fatherhood in the Swedish systemcontradicts how parenthood is defined in the surrogacy process. This study found that the formal recognition of parenthood involved acomplex and frustrating process where the presumption of fatherhood and step-child adoption as grounds for parenthood makepeople feel questioned as parents, negatively affecting parental welfare. Policy makers need to take into account the consequencesof an unregulated situation regarding surrogacy, and focus more on the child–parent relationship when regulating surrogacy.
12.	Arvidsson, Anna, 1971- (author) Challenges of transnational parenthood : Exploring different perspectives of surrogacy in Sweden and India 2019 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Transnational surrogacy challenges traditional norms of parenthood, especially motherhood; additionally, it is viewed as the exploitation of poor women. The overall aim of this thesis was to shed light on the consequences of an unregulated situation on surrogacy in the Swedish and Indian contexts, and to give different perspectives on surrogacy and the surrogate. The experiences of using transnational surrogacy and the consequences of using this reproductive method in a context of a largely unregulated situation had rarely been explored at the start of the study. Between 2012 and 2015, qualitative interviews were conducted with commissioning parents in Sweden who used transnational surrogacy mainly in India, as well as with social workers in Sweden, who have handled cases regarding the legal recognition of parenthood. To capture a non-western perspective on surrogacy, the views of women and men in different social strata in Assam, India were explored through individual interviews and focus group discussions. At the start of the project, India was the most common country to turn to for surrogacy. The results reveal that both commissioning parents and social workers needed to navigate inadequate parental legislation, with the result that commissioning parents felt questioned as parents. Social workers tried to balance the protection of the surrogate’s rights with the child’s best interest. The ethical aspects made the users of surrogacy ambivalent, and, for social workers, it resulted in further reluctance to handle legal parenthood cases. However, from an Assamese point of view, no ethical considerations were expressed; instead, the surrogate would either be stigmatized for her act and seen as though she was “selling her child,” or seen as a woman doing a noble act, helping a childless couple. All the informants demonstrated a pragmatic view of legal parenthood, but the current legal situation in Sweden limits the scope to act as parents in relation to society, because of the length of time it takes to be recognized as legal parents. This comes with a risk for children. From the perspective of reproductive justice, a clearer regulation on surrogacy, and kinship rules that are more adjusted to the current family practice, are needed. Additionally, to limit the risks for all parties involved in the surrogacy process, a more transparent surrogacy process is needed.
13.	Arvidsson, Anna, et al. (author) Gauging the interests of birth mother and child : a qualitative study of Swedish social workers’ experiences of transnational gestational surrogacy 2018 In: European Journal of Social Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 21:1, s. 86-99 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Avvägningar mellan den biologiska moderns och barnets intressen: En kvalitativ studie av svenska familjerättsekreterares erfarenheter av transnationellt surrogatmoderskapDet finns få studier om hur socialarbetare handlägger ärenden som berör transnationellt surrogatmoderskap. Vår studie har för avsikt att bidra till att fylla detta tomrum. I Sverige är det inte tillåtet för sjukvården att utföra assisterad befruktning vid surrogatmoderskap. Detta har gjort att människor vänt sig utomlands för denna reproduktionsmetod, främst till Indien. Det finns inga lagar som reglerar surrogatmoderskap i Sverige, vilket har lett till svårigheter vid fastställande av rättsligt föräldraskap när föräldrarna återvänt med barnet. Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie med familjerättssekreterare har funnit att det finns rättslig osäkerhet och etiska frågeställningar som påverkar deras hantering av ärendet. Hur föräldraskap konstrueras i nuläget beror till stor del på enskilda familjerättssekreterares uppfattning om hur man bäst väger surrogatmammans intressen mot vad som är bäst för barnet. Avsaknad av riktlinjer och de etiska frågeställningarna har lett till osäker och olika hantering av ärendena, och en reglering behövs för att bättre skydda de inblandade och öka rättssäkerheten i handläggningen.
14.	Arvidsson, Anna, et al. (author) Surrogate mother - praiseworthy or stigmatized : a qualitative study on perceptions of surrogacy in Assam, India 2017 In: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 10:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Surrogacy is a reproductive practice that has been strongly marketed in India as a solution for childless couples. As a result, the number of surrogacy clinics is increasing. Meanwhile, a global discourse on surrogacy, originating from a Western perspective, has characterized surrogacy as being exploitative of women in low-income settings, where poverty drives them to become surrogate mothers. Objective: This study explored perspectives on surrogacy from men and women in Assam, an Indian state known to be a low-income setting. Surrogacy arrangements in Assam are still uncommon. It can be expected that the dominant global discourses on surrogacy will be unfamiliar to the general population, and the objective was also to position the results within the divergent global discourses of surrogacy. Methods: In order to explore local views on surrogacy, we conducted individual interviews and focus group discussions with people from various socioeconomic groups in Assam. Results: Our findings reveal that people in Assam perceive surrogacy as a good option for a childless couple, as it would result in a child who is a 'blood' relation - something highly desirable for sociocultural reasons. However, the part played by the surrogate mother complicates local views on surrogacy. Most people consider payment to the surrogate mother contrary to societal norms. A surrogate mother is also often judged in a moral light, either as a 'bad mother' for selling her child, or as a 'noble woman' who has helped a childless couple and deserves payment for her services. Conclusions: In order to decrease the stigmatization of women, a regulatory policy is needed that will take into account the complex understandings of surrogacy and perceptions of surrogate mothers in Indian society. In policy, the possible effect of the dominant exploitation discourse needs to be modulated by local understandings of this reproduction method.
15.	Arvidsson, Anna, et al. (author) Views of Swedish Commissioning Parents Relating to the Exploitation Discourse in Using Transnational Surrogacy 2015 In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Transnational surrogacy, when people travel abroad for reproduction with the help of a surrogate mother, is a heavily debated phenomenon. One of the most salient discourses on surrogacy is the one affirming that Westerners, in their quest for having a child, exploit poor women in countries such as India. As surrogacy within the Swedish health care system is not permitted, Swedish commissioning parents have used transnational surrogacy, and the majority has turned to India. This interview study aimed to explore how commissioning parents negotiate the present discourses on surrogacy. Findings from the study suggest that the commissioning parents' views on using surrogacy are influenced by competing discourses on surrogacy represented by media and surrogacy agencies. The use of this reproductive method resulted, then, in some ambiguity. Although commissioning parents defy the exploitation discourse by referring to what they have learnt about the surrogate mother's life situation and by pointing at the significant benefits for her, they still had a request for regulation of surrogacy in Sweden, to better protect all parties involved. This study, then, gives a complex view on surrogacy, where the commissioning parents simultaneously argue against the exploitation discourse but at the same time are uncertain if the surrogate mothers are well protected in the surrogacy arrangements. Their responses to the situation endorse the need for regulation both in Sweden and India.
16.	Barredo, José I., et al. (author) Mapping and assessment of forest ecosystems and their services : Applications and guidance for decision making in the framework of MAES 2015 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The aim of this report is to illustrate by means of a series of case studies the implementation of mapping and assessment of forest ecosystem services in different contexts and geographical levels. Methodological aspects, data issues, approaches, limitations, gaps and further steps for improvement are analysed for providing good practices and decision making guidance. The EU initiative on Mappingand Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES), with the support of all Member States, contributes to improve the knowledge on ecosystem services. MAES is one of the building-block initiatives supporting the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020.
17.	Barrett, Michael, et al. (author) Algorithmic Reconfiguring of Service Ecosystems Through New Forms of Multilateral Surveillance 2020 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract Research has explored how algorithmic processes reshape individual tasks in organizations. But less work has explored their implications on the wider service ecosystem. Using data about the “DAS” algorithms in the Swedish rheumatology setting between 1995 and 2019, we examine how the use of algorithms can reconfigure service delivery across the service ecosystem. We identify two algorithmic translation processes that enabled the incorporation of consumer self-evaluations in the multiple service nodes of the studied ecosystem. These processes implied new forms of multilateral surveillance, which had implications on the service delivery and the values that were generated by the ecosystem. By showing how concealed algorithms can make consumers’ voice watch-able and action-able across multiple nodes in the ecosystem, our work challenges traditional conceptualizations of algorithmic black-boxing as reducing human agency. We further theorize algorithmically mediated multi-actor surveillance, in which service nodes are both being watched and watching others, thus also challenging the view of surveillance as involving one “invisible” controlling many visible actors. These results open up new avenues of inquiry about the role of algorithmic processes in enabling new forms of multilateral surveillance that in turn condition value creation in service ecosystems.
18.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (author) Jakt med pil och båge 2021 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Ett antal länder tillåter jakt med pil och båge, medan flera andra länder har förbjudit den. I de fall där jakt med pil och båge är tillåten kan detta gälla endast vissa arter av däggdjur och fåglar. I vissa fall omfattas även vattenlevande djur. Av våra nordiska grannländer har Norge och Island totalförbud mot jakt med pil och båge, medan Danmark och Finland i olika utsträckning tillåter sådan jakt. Inget nordiskt land tillåter jakt med pil och båge på älg. Danmark och Finland har krav på utbildning och godkänt bågskytteprov för bågjägare. Olika argument för och emot har använts, inte alltid med vetenskapligt stöd, och det går inte att avgöra vilka argument som haft avgörande betydelse för att tillåta eller förbjuda jakt med pil och båge på nationell nivå. Jakt med pil och båge är sedan 1938 förbjuden i Sverige. Kul- och hagelvapen legaliserades ursprungligen inte utifrån etiska principer för minimerat onödigt lidande, utan är i bruk i Sverige och flera andra länder som en följd av tradition och hävd. Frågan om ett eventuellt tillåtande av jakt med pil och båge i Sverige har aktualiserats och Naturvårdsverket föreslog 2018 nya föreskrifter om detta. Den båge som föreslagits för jakt i Sverige är compoundbågen, som ger de kraftfullaste och säkraste skotten, jämfört med långbågen och recurvebågen. Utvecklingen av bågar, pilar och sikten fortgår dock. Vid all form av jakt med kula, hagel eller pil ska projektilens rörelseenergi omvandlas till en kroppsskada som så snabbt som möjligt leder till medvetslöshet och död för det träffade djuret. En pil från en compoundbåge har en anslagshastighet av c:a 70-80 m/s, vilket kan jämföras med c:a 400 m/s för en hagelsvärm och 700-1200 m/s för en gevärskula. Pilens anslagsenergi är c:a 75 J, medan energin hos en samlad hagelsvärm (på nära håll) är c:a 3200 J och hos en gevärskula 1600-16 500 J. En pil som färdas fritt har en uppskattad maximal räckvidd av en halv kilometer medan en kula kan färdas i flera kilometer. Jakt med pil och båge är mer tidskrävande än jakt med kulvapen, d.v.s. färre djur kan fällas under en given tidrymd. Penetrationsdjupet hos en pil varierar beroende på dess hastighet, pilspetsens utformning och typen av vävnad som träffas, och har i en experimentell studie angetts vara 17-60 cm i mjukvävnad. Ju större anslagshastighet, smalare pilspets och mjukare vävnad, desto längre penetrerar pilen och en pil från en modern compoundbåge kan även perforera kroppen på ett stort hjortdjur. Om skottet perforerar, d.v.s. passerar rakt igenom djuret, har projektilen kvar en del energi när den lämnar kroppen och förmågan att orsaka kroppsskada är därför lägre. Till skillnad från en kula orsakar en pil inte någon temporär kavitet med påföljande sekundära vävnadsskador i den träffade djurkroppen, utan endast en smal permanent kavitet eller skottkanal. Det innebär sannolikt att det blir än viktigare med en korrekt träff. Jakt med pil och båge utförs oftast som vak-, vakt-, lock- eller smygjakt, och jägaren är vanligen kamouflerad. Pil och båge ska endast användas på kort avstånd, sannolikt under ca 30-35 m, och helst på stillastående djur. Rekommendationerna om skjutavstånd skiljer dock mellan länder. Jägarens omdöme är en viktig förutsättning för en djurvälfärdsmässigt acceptabel jakt. Det är oklart om jakt med pil och båge kräver större kompetens, skicklighet och noggrannhet än jakt med andra vapen. Utländsk forskning indikerar dock att bågjägare hittills har varit mer benägna än jägare med kuleller hagelvapen att bry sig om själva jakten, snarare än jaktutbytet (köttet), samt att bågjägare i större utsträckning än andra jägare har tagit sin jaktmetod på allvar och aktivt har övat upp sina färdigheter. 6 Det är svårt att dra generella slutsatser om djurs subjektiva upplevelser och stresspåverkan av jakt och skott, eftersom de i hög grad beror på individuella faktorer. Jaktformer som innebär att djuret inte upptäcker en ensam jägare förrän i eller strax före skottögonblicket är sannolikt mindre stressande än jaktformer som innebär att djuret under längre tid drivs eller ställs, eller där djuret upplever närvaro av hundar eller ett stort antal personer. Från djurvälfärdssynpunkt är sannolikt tiden från skottögonblicket till medvetslöshet viktigare än tiden till död. Såväl tiden till medvetandeförlust som till död beror på vilka organ och vävnader som skadas och i synnerhet hur snabbt blod förloras så att syrebrist uppstår i hjärnan. Stor skada på stora artärer leder till en snabb förblödning och ett djur i rörelse förblöder sannolikt snabbare än ett stillastående. Det saknas kunskap för att avgöra om det finns en avgörande skillnad i tid och grad av stress från träff till medvetslöshet mellan pil och kula eller hagel. Forskningsunderlaget är begränsat eller obefintligt vad gäller de flesta arter av vilt under rådjurs storlek, inklusive vattenlevande däggdjur och fåglar, under naturliga förhållanden. Orörlighet efter ett välplacerat skott används ofta som tecken på död, men säger inte mycket om vare sig medvetandegraden eller hjärtaktiviteten. Vid jakt med pil och båge är bröstkorgen, i hjärtlungregionen, det eftersträvade träffområdet. Skadeförloppet efter pilskott i huvudet eller halsen på större vilt är inte närmare känt, men beror sannolikt på var och från vilken vinkel pilen träffar, samt om den vid träff i huvudet har förmåga att penetrera kraniet. Skott i andra kroppsdelar, såsom buken eller extremiteterna, orsakar normalt inte förblödning, men däremot skador som kan medföra lidande för djuret och vara livshotande på längre sikt. Smärta kan orsakas av olika stimuli och de flesta vävnader har smärtreceptorer. Inte allt trauma ger omedelbart upphov till smärta men vid djupa skador, såsom djupa skärsår eller hugg upplever en majoritet av människor en omedelbar smärta. Vid t.ex. skadeskjutning kan smärta orsakas av ökat tryck i området på grund av blödningar, ödem och inflammation. I situationer där djuret är skadeskjutet och ett andraskott behövs för att fälla djuret kan användning av pil och båge försvåras om djuret rör sig snabbt eller avlägsnar sig från skottplatsen, vilket riskerar att leda till ökat lidande hos djuret. Underlaget för att bedöma risken för skadeskjutning med olika vapen och hos olika djurslag är dock otillräckligt. Olika viltarter har olika anatomiska, fysiologiska och mentala förutsättningar, vilket tar sig uttryck i skiftande sinnesförmågor och beteenderepertoarer, och de lever i olika ekologiska sammanhang. Därför varierar förutsättningarna vid jakt kraftigt mellan djurslagen. Forskning talar för att stora djur rör sig längre än små djur efter att ha blivit skjutna. Emellertid är forskningen om jakt på djur som är mindre än rådjur mycket begränsad. Det är svårt att generalisera en subjektiv upplevelse som lidande. Flera tolkningar av begreppet onödigt lidande är dessutom möjliga, baserade på t.ex. lidandets intensitet och varaktighet, avsikterna bakom det handlande som orsakar lidandet samt uppfyllandet av människors och djurs intressen. Det är inte möjligt att med enbart naturvetenskapliga metoder avgöra vad som i jaktsammanhang kan betraktas som onödigt lidande. Fullständiga riskbedömningar av djurvälfärd vid jakt saknas. I jämförelse med jakt med kul- eller hagelvapen medför bågjakt djurvälfärdsrisker med avseende på framför allt tiden från skott till medvetslöshet och skadeskjutning. Bristen på vetenskapligt 7 underlag, inte minst vad gäller småvilt, innebär indirekt också en djurvälfärdsrisk. Bågjakt kan samtidigt eventuellt medföra bättre förutsättningar för avläkning efter skadeskjutning om djuret inte återfinns. En samlad riskbedömning av djurvälfärden vid jakt med pil och båge behöver ta hänsyn till alla tänkbara risker respektive tänkbara fördelar och väga dem mot motsvarande risker respektive fördelar med kul- eller hagelvapen. Fara för människor och egendom i samband med jakt kan förutom olycksfall även antas omfatta störningsmoment i landskapet där jakt bedrivs, t.ex. oljud, människors oro och konkurrerande markanvändning. I Sverige skadas årligen c:a 500 människor i samband med jakt och av dem får i genomsnitt två personer så allvarliga skador att de dör. Cirka 12 % av de dödliga jaktolyckorna drabbar människor som inte deltagit i jakten. De vanligaste skadorna vid jakt med kul- eller hagelvapen är skär- och klämskador, frakturer från fall, hundbett och hörselskador. Av dessa bör risken för hörselskada och hundbett minska vid bågjakt. Det korta skjutavståndet och en minimal risk för rikoschetter bör också minska risken för olyckor med dödlig utgång vid jakt med pil och båge. Jakt med pil och båge är tyst och anses därför inte vara störande för omgivningen, men allmänheten kan uppleva jaktens smygande karaktär som skrämmande. Den låga ljudnivån kan möjligen även öka risken för tjuvjakt. Jakt med pil och båge kan under vissa förhållanden vara ett fungerande verktyg för att förvalta viltstammar, men det behövs mer tid för att minska en viltpopulation med pil och båge än med kulvapen. Det är oklart om jakt med pil och båge skulle öka möjligheterna till god viltförvaltning under svenska förhållanden. Jakt med pil och båge kan anses vara mer miljövänlig än jakt med kul- eller hagelvapen, eftersom pilen inte innehåller bly eller andra giftiga ämnen. I vilken grad införande av jakt med pil och båge skulle kunna påverka den totala mängden bly som hamnar i naturen är dock oklart, eftersom det beror på i vilken grad pil och båge vid ett eventuellt införande av sådan jakt skulle ersätta k
19.	Bergh, Anna, et al. (author) Evaluation of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on fibre characteristics and oxidative capacity in equine skeletal muscles 2010 In: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42:Suppl 38, s. 671-675 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Reasons for performing study: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used to increase or maintain muscle strength during rehabilitation. Human studies investigating different protocols show that some treatments induce changes in muscle characteristics. Despite the frequent use of NMES in horses, no studies have been published describing its efficacy.Objectives: To investigate the effects of a NMES protocol on equine fibre types and areas, glycogen concentrations and enzyme activities.Methods: NMES was administrated to m. gluteus medius and m. longissimus dorsi, on one side of 6 healthy Standardbred horses. The contralateral side of each muscle served as a nonstimulated control. The horses were stimulated at 50 Hz a day, with 21-39 mA, for 45-60 min, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Needle biopsies were obtained from the muscles on both sides before and after the experimental period. Muscle samples were analysed for fibre type proportions and area using histochemical methods and for glycogen and enzyme activities (citrate synthase, 3-OH-acyl CoA dehydrogenase, hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase) using biochemical methods. Muscle contractions at the location and depth of the muscle biopsy were confirmed by diagnostic ultrasound. Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon sign-rank) were used for statistical analysis. Results: No significant differences were observed in the percentage of types I, IIA or IIX fibres, fibre areas, glycogen levels or enzyme activities either when comparing stimulated and nonstimulated muscles before and after the NMES treatment, or when comparing the left and right muscle samples.Conclusions: The NMES treatment was well tolerated by the horses, but the present protocol did not induce significant muscle adaptations. Further studies are needed to describe the effect of more intense and/or prolonged NMES treatment protocols on muscles of healthy horses, and to describe if stimulation protocols induce positive changes in atrophied muscles.
20.	Blankestijn, Wouter, et al. (author) Strategic Rights vs ‘Naturally’ Emerging Relations : An Interdisciplinary Examination of the Rights of Nature Movement 2020 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
21.	Blomberg, Oscar, et al. (author) Adaptation of a guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention for people with dementia in Sweden : a qualitative study exploring the needs and preferences of key stakeholders 2024 In: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer. - 1471-2318. ; 24:113 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BackgroundDespite depression being prevalent in people with dementia, contributing to negative health outcomes and placing increased burden on individuals and family members, access to psychological interventions is limited. A potential solution is guided low-intensity behavioral activation, supported by informal caregivers and guided by healthcare professionals. However, it is necessary to adapt interventions to meet the needs and preferences of key stakeholders to enhance acceptability and relevance. Study objectives were to: (1) explore needs and preferences concerning the content and delivery model of the guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention; and (2) adapt the intervention to ensure cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability to people with dementia and their caregivers in Sweden.MethodsSemi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals (n = 18), community stakeholders (n = 7), people with dementia (n = 8), and informal caregivers (n = 19). A draft of the written low-intensity behavioral activation intervention and a description of the proposed intervention delivery model were provided to participants. Open-ended questions explored the perceived relevance of the intervention, alongside needs and preferences concerning content and delivery. A manifest content analysis approach was adopted.ResultsContent analysis resulted in three categories: Content, Delivery procedures, and Illness trajectory. Results highlighted a need to consider the intervention Content via increased cultural adaptation to the Swedish context, and increasing the inclusiveness of intervention content. Delivery procedures were identified as needing to be flexible given the unpredictable nature of caring for people with dementia, with the provision of additional guidance to informal caregivers supporting the intervention. Illness trajectory was viewed as essential to consider, with the intervention regarded as suitable for those early in the dementia trajectory, alongside a need to reduce workbook text to minimize burden given dementia symptomology.ConclusionsThe intervention and proposed delivery model were generally well received by all stakeholders. We were able to identify key adaptations to enhance cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability for a currently neglected population. Results will inform a feasibility study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures to inform the design of a future superiority randomized controlled trial.
22.	Blomberg, Oscar, et al. (author) Development of a self-help behavioural activation intervention INVOLVERA for people with dementia : A qualitative study 2023 In: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:S19 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
23.	Bobbio, Emanuele, et al. (author) Incidental cardiac findings on somatostatin receptor PET/CT: What do they indicate and are they of clinical relevance? 2022 In: Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-6551. ; 29:3, s. 1159-1165 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present the case of a 47-year-old man with a history of recurrent episodes of frontal headache, fever, and chest discomfort as well as longstanding, difficult to treat arterial hypertension. Clinical work-up revealed the unexpected finding of an underlying pheochromocytoma as well as recent "silent" myocardial infarction. Our case highlights the importance of paying attention to incidental cardiac findings on somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography, as routinely performed in patients with clinically suspected neuroendocrine tumors. These incidental cardiac findings cannot only indicate a primary or secondary (metastatic) neuroendocrine tumor, but also areas of myocardial inflammation, as somatostatin receptors cannot only be found on the majority of neuroendocrine tumors, but also among other tissues on the surface of activated macrophages and lymphocytes. The detection of myocardial inflammation is of clinical importance and its underlying etiology should be evaluated to prompt eventual necessary treatment, as it is a potential driving force for cardiac remodeling and poor prognosis.
24.	Bockgård, Gustav, docent, et al. (author) Collaborative Interpretation of Researcher-Generated Photo-Elicitation Findings : Insights From Women With Lived Experience of Homelessness 2024 In: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 34:7, s. 676-690 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Interviews with individuals experiencing homelessness can be challenging for various reasons, including mental and physical health issues, substance use, and negative experiences with authority figures. Researchers have used photos to facilitate communication and empower participants during data collection. We analyzed data from a previous study to explore the use of researcher-generated photos during interviews about health with 13 women experiencing homelessness. Conversation analysis revealed clear patterns regarding the use of the photos during the interviews. The photos were referred to 118 times over the total interview length, 6 hours and 23 minutes, with the interviewer making 62% of the referrals and the women accounting for 38%. Fifty-nine percent of the referrals occurred within the first 5 minutes of the interviews. The women used the photos to trigger associations and emotions, to describe photo content, or in a minor role during the interview. Interpretations from an advisory board of six women with lived experiences of homelessness suggested that the photos did not engage participants as intended, highlighting the importance of considering participants’ perspectives when designing photo-elicitation methods. The feedback also provided valuable insights into interview locations and incentives in research that may have influenced the women’s willingness to use the photos. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of choosing researcher-generated photos in interviews with underserved, hard-to-reach populations.
25.	Boschini, Anne, et al. (author) Gender and altruism in a random sample 2018 In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-8043 .- 2214-8051. ; 77, s. 72-77 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We study gender differences in altruism in a large random sample of the Swedish population using a standard dictator game. Beside a baseline treatment we implement a priming treatment where participants are reminded of their gender, and two treatments with known male and female counterpart respectively. We find suggestive evidence that women are more altruistic than men only in the priming treatment. A post-hoc analysis using data on interviewer gender to explore gender context effects indicates that priming affects behavior only in mixedgender contexts.
26.	Boschini, Anne, et al. (author) Gender, risk preference and willingness to compete in a random sample of the Swedish population Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Working paper.Experimental results from student or other non-representative convenience samples often suggest that men, on average, are more risk-taking and competitive than women. Here we explore whether these gender preference gaps also exist in a simple random sample of the Swedish adult population. Our design comprises four different treatments to systematically explore how the experimental context may impact gender gaps; a baseline treatment, a treatment where participants are primed with their own gender, and a treatment where the participants know the gender of their counterpart (man or woman). We look at willingness to compete in two domains: a math task and a verbal task. We find no gender differences in risk preferences or in willingness to compete in the verbal task in this random sample. There is some support for men being more competitive than women in the math task, in particular in the pooled sample. The effect size is however considerably smaller than what is typically found. We further find no consistent impact of treatment on (the absence of) the gender gap in preferences.
27.	Boschini, Anne, et al. (author) Gender, risk preferences and willingness to compete in a random sample of the Swedish population 2018 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Experimental results from student or other non-representative convenience samples often suggest that men, on average, are more risk-taking and competitive than women. Here we explore whether these gender preference gaps also exist in a simple random sample of the Swedish adult population. Our design comprises four different treatments to systematically explore how the experimental context may impact gender gaps; a baseline treatment, a treatment where participants are primed with their own gender, and a treatment where the participants know the gender of their counterpart (man or woman). We look at willingness to compete in two domains: a math task and a verbal task. We find no gender differences in risk preferences or in willingness to compete in the verbal task in this random sample. There is some support for men being more competitive than women in the math task, in particular in the pooled sample. The effect size is however considerably smaller than what is typically found. We further find no consistent impact of treatment on (the absence of) the gender gap in preferences.
28.	Boschini, Anne, et al. (author) Gender, risk preferences and willingness to compete in a random sample of the Swedish population 2019 In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-8043 .- 2214-8051. ; 83 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Experimental results from student and other non-representative convenience samples often suggest that men, on average, are more risk taking and competitive than women. We explore whether these gender preference gaps also exist in incentivized tasks in a simple random sample of the Swedish adult population. Our design comprises four different conditions to systematically explore how the experimental context may impact gender gaps; a baseline condition, a condition where participants are primed with their own gender, and two conditions where the participants know the gender of their counterpart (man or woman). We further look at competitiveness in two domains: a math task and a verbal task. We find no gender gap in risk taking or competitiveness in the verbal task in this random sample. There is some support for men being more competitive than women in the math task in the pooled sample, but the effect size is small. We further find no consistent impact of the respective conditions on (the absence of) the gender gap in preferences.
29.	Byrskog, Ulrika, 1970-, et al. (author) Rationale, development and feasibility of group antenatal care for immigrant women in Sweden : a study protocol for the Hooyo Project 2019 In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract INTRODUCTION: Somali-born women comprise a large group of immigrant women of childbearing age in Sweden, with increased risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and poor experiences of care, despite the goal of providing equitable healthcare for the entire population. Rethinking how care is provided may help to improve outcomes.OVERALL AIM: To develop and test the acceptability, feasibility and immediate impacts of group antenatal care for Somali-born immigrant women, in an effort to improve experiences of antenatal care, knowledge about childbearing and the Swedish healthcare system, emotional well-being and ultimately, pregnancy outcomes. This protocol describes the rationale, planning and development of the study.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: An intervention development and feasibility study. Phase I includes needs assessment and development of contextual understanding using focus group discussions. In phase II, the intervention and evaluation tools, based on core values for quality care and person-centred care, are developed. Phase III includes the historically controlled evaluation in which relevant outcome measures are compared for women receiving individual care (2016-2018) and women receiving group antenatal care (2018-2019): care satisfaction (Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire), emotional well-being (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), social support, childbirth fear, knowledge of Swedish maternity care, delivery outcomes. Phase IV includes the process evaluation, investigate process, feasibility and mechanisms of impact using field notes, observations, interviews and questionnaires. All phases are conducted in collaboration with a stakeholder reference group.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board, Stockholm, Sweden. Participants receive information about the study and their right to decline/withdraw without consequences. Consent is given prior to enrolment. Findings will be disseminated at antenatal care units, national/international conferences, through publications in peer-reviewed journals, seminars involving stakeholders, practitioners, community and via the project website. Participating women will receive a summary of results in their language.
30.	Cárdenas, J.-C, et al. (author) Cooperativeness and competitiveness in children 2015 In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. - : Elsevier: 24 months. - 2214-8043. ; 59, s. 32-41 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Cooperation and competition are both essential elements of economic life. Here we explore how cooperativeness in a prisoner's dilemma correlates with competitiveness in a sample of 9-12 years old children in Colombia and Sweden. Using two different measures and four different tasks for competitiveness, we find no consistent relationship between cooperativeness and competitiveness. However, we find evidence of a negative relationship between willingness to compete in a math task and cooperativeness in the overall sample. Competitiveness in math has previously been related to educational choices, and may therefore be the most economically relevant relationship.
31.	Cárdenas, Juan Camilo, et al. (author) Gender and Cooperation in Children : Experiments in Colombia and Sweden Journal article (peer-reviewed)
32.	Cárdenas, Juan-Camilo, et al. (author) Gender and cooperation in children : experiments in Colombia and Sweden. 2014 In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this article we compare cooperation among Colombian and Swedish children aged 9-12. We illustrate the dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma in a new task that is easily understood by children and performed during a physical education class. We find no robust evidence of a difference in cooperation between Colombia and Sweden overall. However, Colombian girls cooperate less than Swedish girls. We also find indications that girls in Colombia are less cooperative than boys. Finally, there is also a tendency for children to be more cooperative with boys than with girls on average.
33.	Cardenas, Juan-Camilo, et al. (author) Gender differences in competitiveness and risk taking : comparing children in Colombia and Sweden 2012 In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 83:1, s. 11-23 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We explore gender differences in preferences for competition and risk among children aged 9-12 in Colombia and Sweden, two countries differing in gender equality according to macro indices. We include four types of tasks that vary in gender stereotyping when looking at competitiveness: running, skipping rope, math and word search. We find that boys and girls are equally competitive in all tasks and all measures in Colombia. Unlike the consistent results in Colombia, the results in Sweden are mixed, with some indication of girls being more competitive than boys in some tasks in terms of performance change, whereas boys are more likely to choose to compete in general. Boys in both countries are more risk taking than girls, with a smaller gender gap in Sweden.
34.	Cardenas, Juan Camilo, et al. (author) Gender differences in competitiveness and risk taking: Comparing children in Colombia and Sweden 2012 In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. ; 83:1, s. 11-23 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
35.	Cernvall, Martin, et al. (author) Dimensions of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and their Relationships with Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Parents of Children Recently Diagnosed with Cancer 2016 In: Psycho-Oncology. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 25:SP. S3, s. 76-76 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
36.	Cernvall, Martin, 1980-, et al. (author) Twelve-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Internet-Based Guided Self-Help for Parents of Children on Cancer Treatment 2017 In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 19:7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: A substantial proportion of parents of children on cancer treatment report psychological distress such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTSS), depression, and anxiety. During their child’s treatment many parents also experience an economic burden.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help for parents of children on cancer treatment.Methods: This study was a parallel randomized controlled trial comparing a 10-week Internet-based guided self-help program, including weekly support from a therapist via encrypted email, with a wait-list control condition. The intervention was based on cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and focused on psychoeducation and skills to cope with difficult thoughts and feelings. Primary outcome was self-reported PTSS. Secondary outcomes were self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, health care consumption, and sick leave during the past month. Outcomes were assessed pre- and postintervention and at 12-month follow-up. Parents of children on cancer treatment were invited by health care personnel at pediatric oncology centers, and parents meeting the modified symptom criteria on the PCL-C were included in the study. Self-report assessments were provided on the Web.Results: A total of 58 parents of children on cancer treatment (median months since diagnosis=3) were included in the study (intervention n=31 and control n=27). A total of 18 participants completed the intervention, and 16 participants in each group participated in the 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed significant effects in favor of the intervention on the primary outcome PTSS, with large between-group effect sizes at postassessment (d=0.89; 95% CI 0.35-1.43) and at 12-month follow-up (d=0.78; 95% CI 0.25-1.32). Significant effects in favor of the intervention on the secondary outcomes depression and anxiety were also observed. However, there was no evidence for intervention efficacy on health care consumption or sick leave.Conclusions: Using the Internet to provide psychological interventions shows promise as an effective mode of delivery for parents reporting an increased level of PTSS and who consider Internet-based interventions as a viable option. Future research should corroborate these findings and also develop and evaluate interventions and policies that may help ameliorate the economic burden that parents may face during their child’s treatment for cancer.
37.	Dahlberg, M, et al. (author) Who cares? Uncovering social Support Needs and Resources of malignant CNS Tumor Patients and their informal Caregivers 2019 In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED CARE. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 1568-4156. ; 19 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
38.	Damm, Anna Piil, et al. (author) Duration of Mentoring Relationship Predicts Child Well-Being : Evidence from a Danish Community-Based Mentoring Program 2022 In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract While a substantial body of literature suggests that lasting community mentoring relationships can have a range of positive effects on youths, little is known about these effects in the Nordic welfare context, where community mentees may have lower risk profiles compared to many previous samples. This study explores how the duration (length) of child mentoring relationships predicts parental perceptions of child well-being among 197 children served by Denmark's most extensive community-based youth mentoring program. We find that children who have had a mentor for at least one year are perceived to have significantly higher well-being. In contrast, we find no significant differences in well-being between children who had mentors for less than one year and children on a waiting list. Previous research, conducted in primarily North American contexts, finds that longer mentoring relationships substantially improve school behavior and reduce risk taking. Our results add to the literature by indicating that a minimum mentoring relationship duration of one year appears to be similarly important in promoting well-being for youths involved in community-based mentoring programs in a Nordic welfare context.
39.	Dreber, Anna, et al. (author) Gender and Competition in Adolescence : Task Matter Journal article (peer-reviewed)
40.	Dreber, Anna, et al. (author) Outrunning the gender gap—boys and girls compete equally 2011 In: Experimental Economics. ; 14:4, s. 567-582 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
41.	Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (author) Age at Pubertal Onset and Educational Outcomes 2011 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Education has important short and long run implications for individual outcomes. In this paper we explore the association between age at pubertal onset and educational outcomes in a sample of Swedish girls. Previous research suggests that girls that mature earlier perform worse in school compared to girls that mature later. To test if this is also true among Swedish girls, we investigate the association between pubertal development and grades, educational aspirations and educational choice. We also investigate whether changes in risk attitudes, time preferences and priorities concerning school versus friends mediate this potential correlation. We confirm that earlier maturing girls have lower grades and lower educational aspirations, but find that they make educational choices similar to those of later maturing girls. Furthermore, we do not find that these differences in grades and aspirations are mediated by risk attitudes, time preferences or priorities.
42.	Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (author) Gender and competition in adolescence : task matters 2014 In: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 17:1, s. 154-172 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We look at gender differences among adolescents in Sweden in preferences for competition, altruism and risk. For competitiveness, we explore two different tasks that differ in associated stereotypes. We find no gender difference in competitiveness when comparing performance under competition to that without competition. We further find that boys and girls are equally likely to self-select into competition in a verbal task, but that boys are significantly more likely to choose to compete in a mathematical task. This gender gap diminishes and becomes non-significant when we control for actual performance, beliefs about relative performance, and risk preferences, or for beliefs only. Girls are also more altruistic and less risk taking than boys.
43.	Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (author) Gender and preferences at a young age: Evidence from Armenia 2015 In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681. ; 118, s. 318-332 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We look at gender differences in competitiveness, risk preferences and altruism in a large sample of children and adolescents aged 7-16 in Armenia. Post-Soviet Armenia has few formal barriers to gender equality but is also characterized by a patrilineal kinship system and traditional gender roles. In contrast to research conducted in Western countries, we find that girls increase their performance more than boys in response to competition in a running task. We find no gender differences in the other three tasks we explore: skipping rope, a mathematical task, and a verbal task. We also find no difference in the willingness to compete in either the mathematical or the verbal task. In line with previous research, we find that boys are less altruistic and more risk taking than girls, and that the latter gap appears around the age of puberty.
44.	Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (author) In bloom : gender differences in preferences among adolescents 2011 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract We look at gender differences in preferences for altruism, risk and competition in math and word search among adolescents in Sweden. We find that girls are more altruistic and less risk taking than boys. We find no gender gap in performance change when comparing performance under non-competition with performance under competition. Boys and girls are equally likely to choose to compete in word search, but boys are significantly more likely to choose to compete in math. However, this gender gap diminishes and becomes non significant when we control for relative performance beliefs, indicating that some of the gender gap in our sample is not due to competition preferences per se.
45.	Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (author) Outrunning the Gender Gap - Boys and Girls Compete Equally 2011 In: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 14:4, s. 567-582 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as one possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children, with the premise that both context and gendered stereotypes regarding the task at hand may influence competitive behavior. A related field experiment on Israeli children shows that only boys react to competition by running faster when competing in a race. We here test if there is a gender gap in running among 7-10 year old Swedish children. We also introduce two female sports, skipping rope and dancing, to see if competitiveness is task dependent. We find no gender difference in reaction to competition in any task; boys and girls compete equally. Studies in different environments with different types of tasks are thus important in order to make generalizable claims about gender differences in competitiveness.
46.	Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (author) Pubertal timing and educational outcome 2011 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Education has important short and long run implications for individual outcomes. In this paper we explore the association between puberty and educational outcomes in a sample of Swedish girls. Previous research suggests that girls that mature earlier perform worse in school compared to girls that mature later. To test if this is also true among Swedish girls, we investigate the association between pubertal development and grades, educational aspirations and educational choice. We also investigate whether changes in risk attitudes, time preferences and priorities concerning school versus friends mediate this potential correlation. We confirm that earlier maturing girls have lower grades and lower educational aspirations, but find that they make educational choices similar to those of later maturing girls. Furthermore, we do not find that these differences in grades and aspirations are mediated by risk attitudes, time preferences or priorities.
47.	Ebbevi, David, et al. (author) Persons with rheumatoid arthritis challenge the relevance of the health assessment questionnaire: a qualitative study of patient perception 2017 In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BMC (part of Springer Nature). - 1471-2474. ; 18:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ) is widely used to measure functional ability in persons with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The instrument was developed with limited involvement from persons with RA, and their perception of the instrument has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with RA experience the use of the HAQ in care. Methods: The study used secondary data analysis. Persons with RA participated in semi-structured interviews in previous research projects. Thirty-nine interviews were included based on data fit, and thematic analysis applied. Results: The participants questioned the relevance of the HAQ but nevertheless experienced that the instrument had a profound effect on their understanding of health and how care is delivered. The analysis resulted in three themes: Problems with individual items, meaning of the summative score, and effects on care and health perceptions. Conclusions: To make the HAQ relevant to persons with RA, it needs to be revised or to include an option to select items most meaningful to the respondent. To ensure relevance, the HAQ update should preferably be co-created by researchers, clinicians and persons with RA. © 2017 The Author(s).Author keywords
48.	Ebbevi, David, et al. (author) Value-based health care for chronic care : aligning outcomes measurement with the patient perspective 2016 In: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 1063-8628 .- 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 25:4, s. 203-212 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Value-based health care is increasingly used for developing health care services by relating patient outcomes to costs. A hierarchical value scorecard for creating outcome measurements has been suggested: The 3-Tier model. The objective of this study was to test the model against the patient's view of value in a chronic care setting. Methods: Semistructured interviews with 22 persons with rheumatoid arthritis were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Themes were extracted, and the model was critically applied and revised. Results: The study validates existing dimensions in the model but suggests adding information, social health, predictability, and continuity to make it more useful and representative of patients' preferences. Conclusion: Although the model aims to focus on outcomes relevant to patients, it lacks dimensions important to individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. The data illustrate difficulties in finding patients' preferred outcomes and imply tactics for arriving at meaningful measurements.
49.	Edner, Anna H., et al. (author) Metabolism before, during and after anaesthesia in colic and healthy horses 2007 In: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 49:1, s. 34- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Many colic horses are compromised due to the disease state and from hours of starvation and sometimes long trailer rides. This could influence their muscle energy reserves and affect the horses' ability to recover. The principal aim was to follow metabolic parameter before, during, and up to 7 days after anaesthesia in healthy horses and in horses undergoing abdominal surgery due to colic. Methods: 20 healthy horses given anaesthesia alone and 20 colic horses subjected to emergency abdominal surgery were anaesthetised for a mean of 228 minutes and 183 minutes respectively. Blood for analysis of haematology, electrolytes, cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, glucose and lactate was sampled before, during, and up to 7 days after anaesthesia. Arterial and venous blood gases were obtained before, during and up to 8 hours after recovery. Gluteal muscle biopsy specimens for biochemical analysis of muscle metabolites were obtained at start and end of anaesthesia and 1 h and 1 day after recovery. Results: Plasma cortisol, FFA, glycerol, glucose, lactate and CK were elevated and serum phosphate and potassium were lower in colic horses before anaesthesia. Muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was low in several colic horses. Anaesthesia and surgery resulted in a decrease in plasma FFA and glycerol in colic horses whereas levels increased in healthy horses. During anaesthesia muscle and plasma lactate and plasma phosphate increased in both groups. In the colic horses plasma lactate increased further after recovery. Plasma FFA and glycerol increased 8 h after standing in the colic horses. In both groups, plasma concentrations of CK increased and serum phosphate decreased post-anaesthesia. On Day 7 most parameters were not different between groups. Colic horses lost on average 8% of their initial weight. Eleven colic horses completed the study. Conclusion: Colic horses entered anaesthesia with altered metabolism and in a negative oxygen balance. Muscle oxygenation was insufficient during anaesthesia in both groups, although to a lesser extent in the healthy horses. The post-anaesthetic period was associated with increased lipolysis and weight loss in the colic horses, indicating a negative energy balance during the first week post-operatively.
50.	Edner, Anna, et al. (author) Metabolism during anaesthesia and recovery in colic and healthy horses : a microdialysis study 2009 In: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 51:1, s. 10- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Muscle metabolism in horses has been studied mainly by analysis of substances in blood or plasma and muscle biopsy specimens. By using microdialysis, real-time monitoring of the metabolic events in local tissue with a minimum of trauma is possible. There is limited information about muscle metabolism in the early recovery period after anaesthesia in horses and especially in the colic horse. The aims were to evaluate the microdialysis technique as a complement to plasma analysis and to study the concentration changes in lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and urea during anaesthesia and in the recovery period in colic horses undergoing abdominal surgery and in healthy horses not subjected to surgery. Methods: Ten healthy university-owned horses given anaesthesia alone and ten client-owned colic horses subjected to emergency abdominal surgery were anaesthetised for a mean (range) of 230 min (193-273) and 208 min (145-300) respectively. Venous blood samples were taken before anaesthesia. Venous blood sampling and microdialysis in the gluteal muscle were performed during anaesthesia and until 24 h after anaesthesia. Temporal changes and differences between groups were analysed with an ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey Post Hoc test or Planned Comparisons. Results: Lactate, glucose and urea, in both dialysate and plasma, were higher in the colic horses than in the healthy horses for several hours after recovery to standing. In the colic horses, lactate, glucose, and urea in dialysate, and lactate in plasma increased during the attempts to stand. The lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was initially high in sampled colic horses but decreased over time. In the colic horses, dialysate glycerol concentrations varied considerably whereas in the healthy horses, dialysate glycerol was elevated during anaesthesia but decreased after standing. In both groups, lactate concentration was higher in dialysate than in plasma. The correspondence between dialysate and plasma concentrations of glucose, urea and glycerol varied. Conclusion: Microdialysis proved to be suitable in the clinical setting for monitoring of the metabolic events during anaesthesia and recovery. It was possible with this technique to show greater muscle metabolic alterations in the colic horses compared to the healthy horses in response to regaining the standing position.

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