| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Thorbjörn, 1959-
(författare)
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Institutionalisering på hemmaplan : En idés resa i den sociala barnavården
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes and analyses in three substudies how home-based measures for children are expanding and why an open care idea are established as part of the Swedish child welfare. The first substudy describes the national increment of what today can be considered as a treatment policy – non-institutional care in child welfare. The results are analysed with Kingdon's agenda setting theory and shows that the factors of what Kingdon describes as problems-, politics- and policyflow influenced the national increment. Significant mechanisms have primarily been, the profession, the society's concerns for socially disadvantaged children, negative experiences of institutionalisation and a political position to deinstitutionalise all care. The second substudy focuses on how knowledge and research contributes to ideological, professional, and organizational change in child welfare by analysis of Research & Developments reports and articles from the professional journal Socionomen. Based on the neo-institutional concepts of organisational fields and isoformism the study's results shows that a consequence of adaptation strategies and "rationalized myths" are a number of similarities in how home-based measures are organized and which measures that are used. The third substudy, a case study, analyses how we can understand a local development of ideas in social services for children with concepts from neo institutional theory. Interviews and municipal documents are analysed and shows that the local translation of an open care idea is characterized by discretion, personal preferences and action and affects the choice of method and organization. The study also shows a political mistrust of institutional care while there is at the same time political confidence in the individual social worker's ability to find solutions that allow non-institutional measures to be an alternative to institutional care.An overall conclusion of the thesis is that there is now a treatment policy in social services for the children, which involves extensive efforts at home and it has led to that more children receive support from social services. One result of non-institutional care increment is that it led to increased costs for municipalities for intervention for children and young people when out-of-home care has not decreased. Another general conclusion is that translation and adaptation of ideas to local contexts is something that generally fits street-level bureaucrats need for discretion.
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| 2. |
- Järkestig Berggren, Ulrika, 1969-
(författare)
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Personligt ombud och förändringsprocesser på det socialpsykiatriska fältet
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a new reform in 2001, Swedish authorities emphasized the need for support for persons with psychiatric disabilities living in the community. This reform included the establishment of a new occupation: the Swedish case manager, personligt ombud (PO). In examining this new occupation, the overall aim of this thesis is to analyze how the Swedish case manager, PO, as an evolving occupation, affects and is affected by the organisational and professional field in which it enters. More specifically, the aim is to describe and analyse, using organisational and professional theories, the changing processes that the PO con-tributes to in the welfare system and the practice of social policy, the field of social psychiatry focusing on the discretion for professionals and in the under-standing of the professional role to help as described by clients.Three studies have been carried out. The first study, for the licentiate´s degree, focused on the PO occupational role and functions for the welfare system as well as for mental health service users. In the second study, the results from the first study were analyzed together with the results of another reform, namely, the Swedish care manager reform, in order to investigate their joint implications for social policy and its practice. The third study focused on what meaning the PO has for the clients and particularly what features of the service the clients find to be helpful.In summary, the results indicate that the PO contributes to the development of a negotiated rights model, by taking on the assignment of advocacy as a client representative, and then defining the social worker as a representative for the organisation with the assignment of needs assessment. In the field of social psychiatry, the PO fills a vacancy by supporting the legitimacy of the professionals as well as their organisations. Furthermore, the PO has a function of providing organised transparency through restricting the discretion of other professionals. The discretion of the PO itself has weak boundaries allowing for great liberty of action. Finally, the PO service has led to a new understanding of the professional role, as built on reciprocity with the client, using knowledge evolving from the interaction between the professional PO and the client. These findings suggest that the PO could be understood as a new occupation evolving from weak professional traits to, as suggested, a new model for professionalism, called user-mandated professionalism. This emphasizes the reciprocative foundation of knowledge between the service user and the professional.
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| 3. |
- Penno, Eva, 1971-
(författare)
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Studies of Acute Rejection Using Contrast Agents and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Solid organ transplantation is today an established form of treatment for end-stage organ disease. Monitoring of graft function and pharmacological therapy constitutes a maze of clinical observations and histological evaluations of biopsy specimens; with the biopsy results playing a decisive role. The aims of this doctoral research were to investigate the feasibility of detecting acute rejection of transplanted organs and monitoring the effect of anti-rejection treatment, with the use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a clinical MR scanner.Allogeneic and syngeneic heterotopic heart transplantations were performed in rats. Three different-sized USPIO were given to one allogeneic and one syngeneic group. The change in MR signal intensity (SI) over time was measured. An increase in SI was interpreted as damage to micro vessels due to the pronounced inflammatory reaction caused by acute rejection, which led to leakage of USPIO into the tissue. A decrease in SI was interpreted as normal vascular structure, since USPIO normally remains in the intravascular space. The same method, using one of the previously tested USPIO, was used in a treatment study in which acute rejection in transplanted rats was induced and subsequently treated. An attempt was also made to detect presence of macrophages in an acutely rejecting graft, since this cell type plays an important role in the acute rejection process; this was done by testing the ability of macrophages to phagocytose the UPSIO compound.In permeability studies with MR imaging all three USPIO tested discriminated between rejecting and non-rejecting grafts without any overlap of the groups. Factors that contributed to the ability to distinguish between grafts were the size and half-life of the particle. We were also able to monitor effects of anti-rejection treatment by studying the vascular permeability of USPIO and MR imaging. We did not succeed in detecting macrophages in the rejecting grafts with USPIO and MR imaging.This thesis presents a novel approach to detection of acute rejection of transplanted organs and to monitoring the effects of anti-rejection treatment using different USPIO contrast agents and MR imaging in a clinical MR scanner.
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| 4. |
- Scaramuzzino, Gabriella, 1979-
(författare)
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Sexsäljares och sexköpares kollektiva handlande på internet : En svensk "fuckförening"?
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to understand and explain the importance that prostitution forums have for the exercise of power and influence in the area of prostitution. It also seeks to clarify how these forums developed and were able to occur within a Swedish context. Sweden was the first country to legislate to criminalise only the buying, but not the sale, of sexual services. Social work provisions aims to get people out of prostitution. The thesis is based on an ethnographic study of the three largest Swedish prostitution forums during a two-year period. The empirical material consists of both quantitative participant and content analysis and field notes from observation of the interactions on the forums. The theoretical framework is based mainly on A Theory of Fields by Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam. It focuses on the collective action on - and between - fields and how institutions are reproduced and changed. The results show that most of the content was published by a smaller group of actors. The interaction can be divided into the following subjects: social shims; information; negotiations and rules; advice and support; viewpoints on the forum as well as discussion on prostitution and its regulation. Moreover, the study shows that the forums enabled both sex service providers and sex clients to meet collectively, pursue common interests and discuss which rules should prevail in the prostitution market. Providers also pursued self-organised harm reduction social measures. This form of self-help was also sanctioned by a municipal prostitution unit, which can be interpreted as if it acted in a contrary direction to the government’s prostitution policy. The actors in the forums perceived themselves to be stigmatised by society, where sex service providers to a greater extent than sex clients, described a form of stigma. In the forums they could, however, feel a sense of belonging. The actors perceived themselves to be monitored by the Swedish state and they collectively self-regulated the interaction. Sex service providers and sex clients also co-operated, on occasions, with the Swedish state in order to jointly combat child prostitution, human trafficking and organised crime.
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