| 1. |
- Pecl, Gretta T., et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity redistribution under climate change : Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 355:6332
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributions of Earth's species are changing at accelerating rates, increasingly driven by human-mediated climate change. Such changes are already altering the composition of ecological communities, but beyond conservation of natural systems, how and why does this matter? We review evidence that climate-driven species redistribution at regional to global scales affects ecosystem functioning, human well-being, and the dynamics of climate change itself. Production of natural resources required for food security, patterns of disease transmission, and processes of carbon sequestration are all altered by changes in species distribution. Consideration of these effects of biodiversity redistribution is critical yet lacking in most mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
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| 2. |
- Edvinsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time PCR targeting a 529-bp repeat element for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 12:2, s. 131-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensitive and rapid detection of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in transplanted immunocompromised patients is crucial for a good prognosis. Two DNA fragments are used currently for detecting T. gondii infection by PCR, i.e., the B1 gene and a 529-bp repeat element that exists in 200-300 copies/genome. This study investigated whether targeting the 529-bp repeat element gives better sensitivity and accuracy than can be obtained when targeting the B1 gene (35 copies) when concentrations of T. gondii DNA are low. The results demonstrated that detection of the 529-bp repeat element increased diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. Addition of an internal amplification control did not affect the PCR performance and was useful in order to monitor PCR inhibition by non-specific DNA in the LightCycler instrument. The real-time PCR was used successfully in a clinical context to monitor parasitaemia in the blood of a transplant recipient suffering from toxoplasmosis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Petersen, E, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis of pulmonary infection with Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised HIV-positive patients by real-time PCR
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 25:6, s. 401-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study presented here was to evaluate the use of PCR for improving the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised hosts. Three hundred thirty-two bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were analyzed by real-time PCR targeting a 529 bp element of T. gondii. In positive samples, the genotype of the parasite was determined by sequence analysis of the GRA6 gene. Positive results were achieved for 2% (7/332) of the samples tested. Genotyping was possible in two samples and revealed GRA6 type II T. gondii. PCR for detecting T. gondii in BAL samples should be performed in all immunosuppressed HIV-positive patients with symptoms of a systemic infection of unknown etiology. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis does not exclude concomitant infection with T. gondii.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Tokarevich, N., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of air temperature variation on the ixodid ticks habitat and tick-borne encephalitis incidence in the Russian Arctic : the case of the Komi Republic
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The causes of the recent rise of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence in Europe are discussed. Our objective was to estimate the impact of air temperature change on TBE incidence in the European part of the Russian Arctic. Methods: We analysed the TBE incidence in the Komi Republic (RK) over a 42-year period in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature, air temperature during the season of tick activity, tick abundance, TBE-prevalence in ticks, tick-bite incidence rate, and normalised difference vegetation index within the area under study. Results: In 1998-2011 in RK a substantial growth of TBE virus (TBEV) prevalence both in questing and feeding ticks was observed. In 1992-2011 there was 23-fold growth of the tick-bite incidence rate in humans, a northward shift of the reported tick bites, and the season of tick bites increased from 4 to 6 months. In 1998-2011 there was more than 6-fold growth of average annual TBE incidence compared with 1970-1983 and 1984-1997 periods. This resulted both from the northward shift of TBE, and its growth in the south. In our view it was related to local climate change as both the average annual air temperature, and the air temperature during the tick activity season grew substantially. We revealed in RK a strong correlation between the change in the air temperature and that in TBE incidence. The satellite data showed NDVI growth within RK, i.e. alteration of the local ecosystem under the influence of climate change. Conclusions: The rise in TBE incidence in RK is related considerably to the expansion of the range of Ixodes persulcatus. The territory with reported TBE cases also expanded northward. Climate change is an important driver of TBE incidence rate growth.
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| 7. |
- Dudarev, Alexey A, et al.
(författare)
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Food and water security issues in Russia I : Food security in the general population of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 72, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Problems related to food security in Russian Arctic (dietary imbalance, predominance ofcarbohydrates, shortage of milk products, vegetables and fruits, deficit of vitamins and microelements,chemical, infectious and parasitic food contamination) have been defined in the literature. But no standardprotocol of food security assessment has been used in the majority of studies.Objectives. Our aim was to obtain food security indicators, identified within an Arctic collaboration,for selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, and to compare food safety in theseterritories.Study design and methods. In 18 regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, the followingindicators of food security were analyzed: food costs, food consumption, and chemical and biological foodcontamination for the period 2000-2011.Results. Food costs in the regions are high, comprising 2343% of household income. Only 4 out of 10 foodgroups (fish products, cereals, sugar, plant oil) are consumed in sufficient amounts. The consumption of milkproducts, eggs, vegetables, potatoes, fruits (and berries) is severely low in a majority of the selected regions.There are high levels of biological contamination of food in many regions. The biological and chemicalcontamination situation is alarming, especially in Chukotka. Only 7 food pollutants are under regularcontrol; among pesticides, only DDT. Evenki AO and Magadan Oblast have reached peak values in foodcontaminants compared with other regions. Mercury in local fish has not been analyzed in the majority of theregions. In 3 regions, no monitoring of DDToccurs. Aflatoxins have not been analyzed in 5 regions. Nitrateshad the highest percentage in excess of the hygienic threshold in all regions. Excesses of other pollutants indifferent regions were episodic and as a rule not high.Conclusion. Improvement of the food supply and food accessibility in the regions of the Russian Arctic,Siberia and the Far East is of utmost importance. Both quantitative and qualitative control of chemical andbiological contaminants in food is insufficient and demands radical enhancement aimed at improving foodsecurity.
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| 8. |
- Edvinsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii by pyrosequencing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 13:4, s. 424-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health : Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridges Institutes Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF - a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
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| 10. |
- Evengård, B, et al.
(författare)
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Low incidence of toxoplasma infection during pregnancy and in newborn in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688. ; 127:1, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate the burden of disease due to congenital toxoplasmosis in Sweden the incidence of primary infections during pregnancy and birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis in 40978 children born in two regions in Sweden was determined. Women possibly infected during pregnancy were identi®ed based on: 1, detection of speci®c IgG based on neonatal screening of the phenylketonuria (PKU) card blood spot followed by retrospective testing of stored prenatal samples to detect women who acquired infection during pregnancy and follow up of their children to 12 months; 2, detection of speci®c IgM on the PKU blood spot. The birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was 0±73}10000 (95% CI 0±15±2±14) (3}40978). The incidence of primary infection during pregnancy was 5±1}10000 (95% CI 2±6±8±9) susceptible pregnant women. The seroprevalence in the southern part was 25±7% and in the Stockholm area 14±0%. The incidence of infection during pregnancy was low, as the birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis. Neonatal screening warrants consideration in view of the low cost and feasibility.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Pauchard, Anibal, et al.
(författare)
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Non-native and native organisms moving into high elevation and high latitude ecosystems in an era of climate change : new challenges for ecology and conservation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 18:2, s. 345-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold environments at high elevation and high latitude are often viewed as resistant to biological invasions. However, climate warming, land use change and associated increased connectivity all increase the risk of biological invasions in these environments. Here we present a summary of the key discussions of the workshop 'Biosecurity in Mountains and Northern Ecosystems: Current Status and Future Challenges' (Flen, Sweden, 1-3 June 2015). The aims of the workshop were to (1) increase awareness about the growing importance of species expansion-both non-native and native-at high elevation and high latitude with climate change, (2) review existing knowledge about invasion risks in these areas, and (3) encourage more research on how species will move and interact in cold environments, the consequences for biodiversity, and animal and human health and wellbeing. The diversity of potential and actual invaders reported at the workshop and the likely interactions between them create major challenges for managers of cold environments. However, since these cold environments have experienced fewer invasions when compared with many warmer, more populated environments, prevention has a real chance of success, especially if it is coupled with prioritisation schemes for targeting invaders likely to have greatest impact. Communication and co-operation between cold environment regions will facilitate rapid response, and maximise the use of limited research and management resources.
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| 13. |
- Samoilov, Andrei E., et al.
(författare)
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Lethal Outcome of Leptospirosis in Southern Russia : Characterization of Leptospira Interrogans Isolated from a Deceased Teenager
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes a lethal case of leptospirosis that occurred in Southern Russia. TheLeptospirastrain was isolated and characterized using a microscopic agglutination test, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, targeted PCR, and high-throughput sequencing. We show that molecular and mass-spectrometry methods can be an alternative to conventional methods of leptospirosis diagnostics andLeptospirastudy, which require highly qualified staff and can be performed only at specialized laboratories. We also report the first whole genome ofL.interrogansisolated in Russia.
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| 14. |
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